Reference News Network reported on April 4 that foreign media said that the famous Top 500 ranking shows which countries have the most powerful supercomputers in the world. The United States has kept its position as a powerful computer superpower, with China occupying the forefront, while Europeans without their own technical foundation can only be vassals of the United States.

　　According to the website of Austrian Anti-Party Magazine reported on March 30th, German Konrad Zuse invented the computer in 1937 — — Z1。 He later completed the Z3 in 1941, which was the first programmable computer in the world. The transistor was first invented and patented by Europeans.

　　People may think that the computer industry must be owned by Germany — — At least it is dominated by Europe. After all, the inventor was German — — Europeans. No, that’s not the case. In terms of computer hardware, Europe can be said to be unqualified.

　　According to the report, the performance of supercomputers is expressed in units of floating-point operation speed per second (TFlop/s). The most powerful supercomputer in Europe is Piz Daint of Switzerland, which ranks eighth, with a speed of 7788.9 tflops/s. This computer, which belongs to Swiss National Supercomputing Center, is produced by American Cray Company.

　　The United States is strong

　　According to the report, American computers frequently appear in the top 100, occupying the 3rd, 7th, 12th, 15th, 16th, 19th-21st and many other positions. Since the x86 division of IBM responsible for supercomputers was sold to Lenovo in China in 2014, the current ranking of IBM computers (4th, 6th, 14th, 54th and 68th) is shared by China and the United States.

　　The United States occupies 31 places in the top 100. Because the rankings of other countries that use American processors are not counted, this figure does not reflect the real strength of the American computer industry (specifically, the chip giant Intel).

　　According to reports, most supercomputers in Japan use Fujitsu processors. So is Japan very independent? Not exactly. Fujitsu is an R&D and production partner of Intel. Therefore, Intel’s genes also promoted the development of Fujitsu processors.

　　According to the report, Europeans have no ability to succeed on their own in supercomputer technology. The most powerful supercomputer in Europe must be purchased — — Buy from America. Apart from Switzerland, Finland, Sweden, Britain and Germany are all customers of Cray. American computer companies do well in Europe. HP’s customers include Poland, France and Czech Republic.

　　According to the report, there are also many computers in China in Europe. Lenovo and Huawei are famous Chinese brands in Europe. Italy and Germany are Lenovo’s customers. Lenovo has bought part of IBM’s computer business little by little in recent years. Therefore, in the past, the customers of "Blue Giant" became Lenovo’s customers. With the help of China — In the framework of cooperation between Central and Eastern Europe, Poland has become a close partner of China people, especially in the computer field. Poland’s supercomputers occupy the 48th, 90th and 92nd places in the top 100. The computer ranked 48th was purchased from Hewlett-Packard in the United States, but now it attaches great importance to cooperation with the United States and China.

　　China processor is far ahead.

　　The report said that in terms of supercomputers, China has not caught up with the United States — — But surpassed the United States. China occupies the 1st, 2nd, 42nd, 67th, 74th, 77th, 78th, 86th, 91st and 96th positions in the top 100 respectively. Tianhe-2, ranked second, still uses Xeon processors from the United States. Now this is a thing of the past.

　　During this period, China people developed their own processors — — The Shenwei processor makes Intel’s Xeon look old. Top 500 ranked first in China Shenwei Taihu Lake Light, and its peak speed reached 125,435.9 tflops/s. The third-ranked American Cray Company’s supercomputer using AMD Opteron processor has a peak speed of "only" 27,112.5 tflops/s. This is roughly only 22% of the light of Taihu Lake in China.

　　According to the report, the best supercomputer in the European Union is the Mistal in Hamburg (using American processors), which ranks 33rd, with a speed of 3,147.8 tflops/s, only 2.5% of the light of Taihu Lake. The most powerful computers in the European Union can only achieve 2.5% of the performance of China supercomputers by using American components.

　　Now can you understand why Trump wants to make America great again? He is right to say so. In the field of computers, the technology of the United States is many light years ahead of that of Europe, but it is only ahead of Europeans, not China.

　　Specifically, a giant battle, a battle between the United States and China, and a processor war between American chip giants AMD and Intel and Shenwei of China Jiangnan Computing Technology Research Institute have begun.

　　According to the report, with the launch of processors such as Huawei Kunlun and FusionServer, another China company is also shaking the position of AMD and Intel. It should not be forgotten that Huawei and Intel have a technical cooperation relationship. With Intel’s genes, Huawei is now preparing to step out of Intel’s shadow and bathe in the sunshine of the computer industry independently.

　　Europe’s achievements in the computer field are few and far between. Think about it, only such achievements can be achieved with American processors. In the field of computers, European technology is virtually the same as non-existence. This is a shame for Germany and Europe: they waste the advantages and great legacy created by people like Chuze. (Compile/Zhao Wei)

　　On December 15th, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Communications released the total number and allocation ratio of passenger cars in Beijing in 2018, and announced the revision of the 2017 edition of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing. In 2018, the total number of passenger car indicators decreased from 150,000 to 100,000, of which the new energy indicators remained unchanged at 60,000, and the general indicators were reduced from 90,000 to 40,000. Although the index has been reduced, it will be greatly tilted towards individuals, and the number of individual ordinary car indexes will become 38 thousand. The number of new energy indicators will exceed that of ordinary vehicles for the first time. According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Transportation Commission, Beijing must control the total development of passenger cars due to environmental and road resource constraints. While controlling the number of passenger cars, Beijing will make great efforts to accelerate the construction and development of rail transit and continuously increase the supply of public transport infrastructure.

　　issue

　　Individual ordinary car index reduced to 38,000

　　Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission that on December 15, 2017, the newly revised Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing and the Notice on the Total Quantity and Allocation Ratio of Passenger Cars in 2018 were announced to the public on the website of Beijing Passenger Car Index Regulation Management Information System, and the Interim Provisions will be implemented on January 15, 2018.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Transportation Commission, in order to implement the goal of "the number of motor vehicles in the city should be controlled within 6.3 million by the end of 2020" in the Traffic Development and Construction Plan of Beijing during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan and the Work Plan for the Implementation of the Beijing Urban Master Plan (2017-2020), the Notice clarifies that the total number of passenger car allocation indicators will be reduced from 150,000 to 100,000 in 2018.

　　In 2018, the quotas of general indicators and new energy indicators will be further tilted towards individuals, and the proportion of individual general indicators will increase from 92% in 2017 to 95%, which is 38,000.

　　The index of new energy vehicles exceeds that of ordinary vehicles for the first time.

　　In 2015, 2016 and 2017, the total number of new passenger cars in Beijing each year was 150,000. Among them, the number of new energy indicators increased from 30,000 in 2015 to 60,000 in 2016 and 2017. With the increase in the proportion of new energy vehicles, the number of indicators of ordinary vehicles has decreased, and the difficulty of winning the lottery has hit record highs.

　　In 2018, the new energy indicators will remain unchanged at 60,000, the proportion of individual new energy indicators will increase from 85% to 90% (54,000), and the unit indicators and operating indicators will each account for 5% of the annual quota (3,000 each). This is also the first time that the personal new energy index has exceeded the personal ordinary car index.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that according to the detailed rules for the implementation of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing (revised in 2013), the city has implemented a system of quantity regulation and quota management for passenger cars. The specific growth quantity and regulation ratio are determined by the demand situation of passenger cars, road traffic and environmental carrying capacity. In fact, according to the data of the Municipal Traffic Management Bureau, as of November 2017, the number of motor vehicles in the city has reached 5.9 million, which is close to the carrying capacity of traffic and environment.

　　The allocation ratio is constantly tilting towards individuals.

　　At present, the index applications of individuals and units in Beijing are all in the same pool, but in the past two years, the proportion is constantly tilting towards individuals.

　　In 2015, the quota of passenger cars in Beijing was 150,000, including 120,000 ordinary indicators and 30,000 demonstration and application new energy indicators. Among them, the individual quota accounts for 88% of the annual quota, the unit quota accounts for 6% of the annual quota, and the operating passenger car quota accounts for 6% of the annual quota. In 2016, the quota of individual indicators accounted for 90% of the annual quota. In 2017, the quota of individual indicators accounted for 92% of the annual quota. In 2018, the data increased to 95%.

　　The validity of indicators is automatically extended to one year.

　　At present, the index is valid for 6 months. However, due to various reasons such as the purchase of new cars and the late signing of the index, many citizens report that the index is too short. In the future, the validity period of the index will be adjusted to one year to facilitate the citizens to go through the formalities. According to reports, the extension of the validity period is not only for the newly added configuration indicators, but also for the time limit for applying for updating indicators after the vehicle is transferred out or scrapped and the time limit for buying a car after obtaining the updated indicators. Citizens have a year to make a choice after they get the ordinary index or wait for the new energy index. Citizens who update their vehicles have two years to choose from eliminating the previous car to buying a new one. Indicators that have been held before the official implementation of the new interim provisions and are still within the validity period will be automatically extended.

　　Four types of situations will not update the indicators.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that in this new policy, there are four situations in which the indicators are not updated: (1) Reaching the service life (among them, small and micro non-operating passenger cars have no service life limit. The service life of small, micro, medium and large rental passenger cars is 8 years, 10 years and 12 years respectively, and the rental passenger car is 15 years); (2) After repair and adjustment, it still does not meet the relevant requirements of the national standards for motor vehicle safety technology for in-use vehicles; (3) After being repaired and adjusted or adopting control technology, the pollutants or noise discharged into the atmosphere still do not meet the relevant requirements of the national standards for in-use vehicles; (4) Failing to obtain the motor vehicle inspection conformity mark within three consecutive motor vehicle inspection cycles after the expiration of the inspection validity period.

　　For ordinary citizens, if they fail to obtain the motor vehicle inspection conformity mark within three consecutive motor vehicle inspection cycles after the expiration of the inspection validity period, the indicators will not be updated.

　　interpret

　　Why is the index of ordinary cars reduced?

　　Since Beijing implemented the policy of controlling the number of passenger cars in 2011, the number of passenger cars has increased reasonably and orderly. From January 2011 to the end of November 2017, the number of passenger cars in this city increased by 954,000, and the annual growth rate dropped from 24.3% in 2010 to 2.4%. In the same period, the resident population increased from 19.612 million in 2010 to 22 million in 2017, with an estimated increase of 2.38 million. The traffic index dropped from 6.1 in 2010 to about 5.6 in 2017, and the congestion situation not only did not deteriorate, but also improved.

　　At the same time, the index control policy has also promoted the demonstration application of new energy vehicles and promoted the optimization of vehicle energy structure in this city. At present, the city has registered more than 137,800 pure electric passenger cars, ranking first in the country.

　　Judging from the current development situation, although the disorderly and rapid growth of passenger cars has been effectively curbed, the continuous growth of motor vehicles still poses great pressure on air quality, traffic operation and urban space.

　　On the atmospheric side, with the pollution control of industrial production, coal burning and dust in this city, the proportion of motor vehicle emission pollution in local pollution sources is prominent, becoming the biggest "contributor" of PM2.5

　　In terms of traffic operation, from 2010 to 2016, the city’s total highway mileage increased by 0.66% and urban roads by 0.17% annually, while motor vehicles increased by 3.23% annually during the same period, which was much higher than the growth rate of road construction mileage. The carrying capacity of urban road network is still fragile.

　　In terms of urban space, the contradiction between supply and demand between the number of motor vehicles and parking spaces is still outstanding. Judging from the distribution of passenger cars, the number of cars between the Second and Third Ring Roads is about 5,500/km2, which is obviously higher than that between the Fifth and Sixth Ring Roads, which is about 700/km2, showing a high-density gathering trend, while the parking contradiction between the old residential area in the central city and the bungalow hutong area is the most prominent, and it is the most difficult to tap the potential. Therefore, it is necessary to take the bearing capacity as a binding condition to further slow down the growth of motor vehicles.

　　answer questions

　　How to calculate the validity period of indicators?

　　Q: Which indicators can be extended?

　　A: In August, October and December, 2017, the passenger car configuration indicators obtained by lottery and waiting were extended for 6 months on the original basis.

　　If you haven’t applied for updating the index after selling or scrapping the Beijing brand minibus from July 15, 2017 to January 14, 2018, the time limit for applying for updating the index will also be extended by six months on the original basis.

　　After the vehicle was stolen and robbed, if the public security organ filed the case after July 15, 2016 (inclusive), and the case has not been recovered for 12 months, and the stolen and robbed state has been registered in the vehicle management system of the public security organ, you can apply for the passenger car index within the next 12 months.

　　Q: How to calculate the annual inspection cycle of passenger cars?

　　A: Article 16 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates the inspection period of various motor vehicles, among which the passenger cars are inspected once a year within 5 years; More than 5 years, once every 6 months. Small and micro non-operating passenger cars shall be inspected once every 2 years within 6 years; More than 6 years, the inspection once a year; More than 15 years, once every 6 months.

　　Q: Is it impossible to apply for updating indicators as long as the time limit for compulsory scrapping is reached?

　　Answer: For vehicles that have reached the national compulsory scrapping standards for motor vehicles, the Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of this Municipality will regularly issue the Announcement on the Invalidation of the License Plate, Driving License and Registration Certificate of Motor Vehicles that have not been deregistered according to the national compulsory scrapping standards through official website. Any vehicle whose deregistration date is later than the announcement date will no longer accept the application for updating the indicators. Passenger cars whose motor vehicle license plates have been declared invalid before January 15, 2018 will no longer accept applications for updating indicators if they cancel their registration after January 15, 2018.

　　be relevant

　　Beijing opens next year.

　　Three sections of subway line

　　In recent years, while controlling the number of passenger cars, the city has made great efforts to speed up the construction and development of rail transit, constantly increasing the supply of public transport infrastructure, and new lines have been opened and put into operation every year.

　　Three new lines will be opened at the end of this year, namely Yanfang Line, Xijiao Line and S1 Line. After the opening of the three new lines, there will be 22 subway lines in this city, and the operating mileage will increase from 574 kilometers to 608.2 kilometers.

　　In 2018, the city plans to open three more lines, including the third phase of Line 8 (Zhushikou Station to Wufutang Station, Nanluoguxiang Station to National Art Museum of China Station), the fourth phase of Line 8, and the west extension of Line 6 (Haidian Wuluju Station to Pingguoyuan South Road Station). The operating mileage has increased to more than 630 kilometers.

　　At the same time, Beijing will accelerate the construction of more than 300 kilometers of rail transit lines, such as the new airport line, pinggu line, the east extension of Line 7, Line 12, the remaining section of Line 14, Line 16, Line 17, Line 19, CBD line and Yanfang line branch. It is planned to realize 900 kilometers of rail transit by 2020, and the coverage rate of 750 meters in the central city subway station will reach 90%.

　　In addition, we will continue to optimize the ground bus network, build a comprehensive and convenient transfer system, grasp the new changes in the rapid development of the subway network and share the economy, and make the green travel environment of "subway+ground bus, bike-sharing and walking" better and better.

　　extend

　　Regulation policy on the number of passenger cars

　　Optimization for many times in six years.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from the passenger car indicator office that since the implementation of the passenger car quantity control policy in 2011, the indicator office has actively listened to the opinions and suggestions of the Municipal People’s Congress, CPPCC members and the general public, and has revised, supplemented and improved the implementation rules several times.

　　On December 27, 2011, the implementation rules were revised for the first time. The revised contents mainly include: First, it is clear that the expired unused personal passenger car indicators will be re-incorporated into the lottery pool configuration; The second is to stipulate the validity period of personal configuration index application and streamline the number of lottery pool codes; The third is to allow newly registered enterprises to participate in the lottery to facilitate the development of enterprises; The fourth is to clearly update the application time limit of indicators and strengthen the management of indicators.

　　On November 27, 2013, the implementation rules were revised again. The revised contents mainly include: setting the winning rate of individual lottery ladder to alleviate the pressure of "long-term failure"; Increase the index configuration of new energy passenger cars; Solve the problem of applying for indicators after the passenger car is stolen; Cooperate with the municipal court to implement the judicial auction of Beijing brand passenger cars with index transfer, and solve the problem of difficult implementation.

　　On January 22, 2016, the advanced rules for the winning rate of the lottery ladder of ordinary passenger cars were further adjusted, and the care for applicants who have been shaken for a long time was increased. Issued the "Notice on Demonstrating and Applying the Relevant Rules for Waiting for the Allocation of New Energy Passenger Cars", and cancelled the lottery of new energy passenger cars.

　　This time, in combination with the revision of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing have been revised, which will also be announced in the near future and will be implemented simultaneously on January 15, 2018.

　　This edition/reporter Liu Wei

　　Cartography/Reporter Wang Zixuan for the picture/vision china

　　expert

　　The number of motor vehicles in megacities in the world has gradually increased by zero.

　　Xu Kangming, a transportation expert, said in an interview with the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the number of motor vehicles in megacities in the world has gradually increased by zero or even negative growth. For example, the number of motor vehicles in some European cities and Singapore has been zero growth. It can be seen from the new index management method that Beijing has adopted a rational overall policy for motor vehicle development.

　　Xu Kangming believes that the motor vehicle development policy may go through four stages, from the past control to the current reduction of the total increase, and will gradually develop to zero growth or even negative growth in the future.

Rule of Law Daily, Beijing, March 27-Zhang Chen, an all-media reporter of Rule of Law Daily, learned from the State Administration of Immigration today that the first season (five episodes in total) of the cartoon short play "Legal Tips" for foreigners in China was broadcast online today.

"Legal Tips" is a short cartoon drama about foreigners’ popularization of law in China, which is planned and produced by the Immigration Service Center of the State Immigration Administration. Each episode is about 5 minutes long, and there are two versions in Chinese and English. The contents are all based on real cases of foreigners’ violation of laws and regulations in China, focusing on social life fields that are prone to illegal situations such as foreigners’ stop living, accommodation registration, work and employment, using MG hand-drawn animation form and adding Chinese traditional cultural elements.

"Legal Tips" is a cartoon drama for foreigners to popularize law in China, which makes full use of the mode of "big screen+new media" and "TV+network", and will be accurately promoted to foreigners in China on national TV channels, official online media platforms such as China Law Popularization Network and new government media of immigration management institutions, so as to ensure the effect of popularizing law.

The relevant person in charge of the Immigration Service Center of the National Immigration Bureau said that the Legal Tips for foreigners in China will provide practical and effective legal guidance for foreigners in China to help them enhance their legal awareness and better integrate into China society.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference on March 14th. Some media have asked questions. Recently, the European Commission issued regulations requiring the customs to register the imports of electric vehicles from China. It is believed that the import volume increased significantly after the countervailing investigation against China last year, which will harm the EU market. What is the response of the Ministry of Commerce?

　　He Yadong, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said that we have noticed that the EU recently issued regulations requiring the customs to register electric vehicles imported from China. China is highly concerned about this, and the industry is extremely worried about the measures that the EU may take in levied retroactively in the future.

　　China’s electric vehicle export enterprises reflect that China’s export volume to the EU is in line with the changes in the consumption of electric vehicles in the EU, and there is no so-called surge in imports and damage to the EU market. The adoption of import registration measures and possible levied retroactively by the EU has increased import links, added burdens to normal trade, and is not conducive to deepening cooperation between the new energy industries of the two sides, and will also affect the interests of EU consumers.

　　China has always insisted on resolving mutual concerns through dialogue and consultation to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. It is hoped that the European side will prudently use trade remedy measures to create a more stable and healthy environment for the development of China-EU electric vehicle industry. China will pay close attention to the follow-up actions of the European side and firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises.

　　Investigation motive

　　With the implementation of the national fitness policy and the public’s concern about health problems, more people began to walk into gyms. Where there is demand, there is a market, and gyms around citizens’ places of residence have mushroomed everywhere. However, as the fitness market becomes more and more popular, many problems are gradually exposed, among which the professional problem of fitness instructors is the most reflected by the public. How to identify the qualification of fitness instructor? How to standardize and effectively supervise the fitness market? Around these problems, the reporter of Legal Daily conducted an investigation on the fitness market in Beijing.

　　□ Legal Daily reporter Shuai Biao

　　□ Legal Daily reporter Lian Yingting

　　At 7 o’clock every night, the members who come to the gym crowded the small gym and sweated on all kinds of equipment, while a coach stared at the members’ movements.

　　This is a chain gym located in Beijing’s North Fourth Ring Road. Jing He worked out in this gym, but after two weeks of exercise, Jing He decided not to go here again.

　　Jing He, who has many years’ experience in horse racing and fitness, found the problem without practicing here for several times. "The coaches here are unprofessional." Jing He told the Legal Daily reporter bluntly, "I found that many members’ actions were wrong, but the coaches didn’t correct them, and even some coaches’ actions were wrong. It is too dangerous to exercise like this. "

　　In recent years, the popularity of the fitness market has made many people smell business opportunities. Not only gyms can be seen everywhere, but also some fitness instructor training institutions have emerged. However, whether it is a gym or a coach training institution, its professionalism is worrying.

　　According to the investigation by the reporter of Legal Daily, most of these coach training institutions have short training time and low gold content in their certificates. In addition, the threshold for fitness coaches is low and there is no uniform standard for qualification certificates, which leads to uneven levels of coaches in the domestic fitness industry, chaotic fitness coach qualification examinations and lack of supervision.

　　Fitness instructor qualification training

　　You can pass the exam by paying.

　　On the morning of September 19th, the reporter of Legal Daily went to a gym in Wangjing, Beijing, which was in a relatively prosperous area and medium-sized. After entering the gym, the reporter found that the fitness equipment here is different from the traditional fitness equipment.

　　Manager Wu Jiao told the reporter that this store belongs to foreign countries, which is different from the route taken by ordinary gyms in China. "All our technical systems are imported from the United States."

　　The reporter saw in this gym that a whiteboard records the daily training contents and achievements of members, and the coach gives lectures to members intensively every day. This form is rare.

　　As for the teaching staff, Wu Jiao told reporters that the coaches here are all certificates issued by foreign countries, and all coaches have to undergo all the training in the technical system before they can take up their posts. If you want to get this kind of primary certificate issued abroad, you only need to train for two days and then take the exam, and the rest of the time is self-study. It is more difficult to get a higher level certificate. First, you have to pass the English test, and second, the professional training exam is also real.

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, the qualification certificates of fitness instructors mainly include Asian Fitness Certificate, National Fitness Instructor Professional Qualification Certificate, American Fitness Certificate, CSCS Fitness Instructor Certificate and other certificates issued by domestic fitness colleges. Among them, the National Physical Fitness Association (NSCA) registered physical fitness training experts (CSCS) certification pass rate is very low.

　　At present, domestic fitness instructors generally have two certificates, one is the national fitness instructor professional qualification certificate issued by the Vocational Skills Center of the State Sports General Administration, and the other is the Asian physical fitness certificate.

　　An industry insider told reporters that the Asian Physical Fitness Certificate is the easiest to obtain, so most fitness instructors have this certificate. The National Fitness Coach Professional Qualification Certificate is jointly made by the State Sports Bureau and non-governmental organizations. In fact, non-governmental organizations borrow the signboard of the Sports Bureau.

　　Wang Weida, who works as a fitness instructor, told the Legal Daily reporter that the national fitness instructor’s professional qualification certificate is not a hard indicator. However, in order to attract members to buy classes, many gyms will encourage coaches to do more research, making more and more coach training institutions cooperate with gyms.

　　The process of this kind of textual research is to pay the training institution a fee of about 3,000 yuan to 4,000 yuan, train for about one week, and then take the exam.

　　Wang Weida said: "This kind of exam is easy to pass. Even if you fail, you can make up the exam for free. Nowadays, the demand for fitness instructors is in short supply, so many training institutions can let you live for money, which is beneficial to both sides. If the training fails for half a day, the money is equal to nothing, so as long as you pay, you have to let them pass. "

　　According to Bao Ke, a fitness and bodybuilding teacher in Beijing Sport University, there are not many professional coach training institutions. Many training institutions want to seize this opportunity to make a fortune, so they will train and issue certificates as soon as possible.

　　"Now there are many certificates that are more interesting, such as qualification certificate and training certificate. The qualification certificate means that you passed the exam through training, and the training certificate means that you participated in the training." Burke said.

　　The teaching staff is uneven

　　How much is the main business of coaching?

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, at present, there is no rigid requirement in the fitness industry that you must hold a certificate before you can take up your post. Therefore, some people without professional background can take up their posts after short-term training. The threshold of fitness industry is too low, which gives many non-professionals the opportunity to enter.

　　Leo, a bodybuilding student, told the reporter of Legal Daily, "When we are training in the gym, we often see many unprofessional coaches instructing members to make some wrong moves, which will lead to muscle injury in the long run. The so-called coaches have never studied systematic courses at all, and even some gyms will post the qualifications in the coach’s resume on the wall in order to attract members to buy courses. There are all kinds of certificates, which are actually fictitious. "

　　"In fact, many gyms lack professional coaches. I brought 48 bodybuilding graduates this year, and only 4 of them chose to work in the gym, but there are many gyms that I want this year. At present, the gym mainly depends on sales performance, not that the salary you get with good skills is relatively high. In the final analysis, it depends on how to make money for the gym, which also leads some more professional fitness instructors to choose this line. " Bao Ke said that in the gym, selling courses has become the coach’s main business. As long as the courses are sold more and can help the gym make money, nothing else is important. It turns out that every gym has a tour coach, who will guide all members for free to attract customers to buy his private lessons. Now, coaches don’t want to make a tour, but sell more private lessons, giving less and less guidance to members unless you are willing to pay a higher price for private lessons. Therefore, many gym coaches are now looking at money.

　　Jing He also told reporters that once, when she was exercising, she saw the coaches in the gym receiving training. "When I listened carefully, I didn’t train professional knowledge at all, but taught them how to sell private lessons.".

　　Bao Ke also mentioned that at present, there is no good evaluation mechanism for the qualifications of coaches in China, which also leads to uneven levels of fitness coaches.

　　"Now the national fitness is advocated, and the fitness market is also hot, but from a practical point of view, every member can really benefit very little, and the gyms that really do this can be said to be rare." Burke said.

　　Regarding the reasons for this kind of problem, Bao Ke believes that there is no special regulatory body in China, and the fitness market is basically market-oriented.

　　Coach qualification standards to be unified

　　Training institutions need to strengthen supervision.

　　In November, 2015, the Career Development Report of Fitness Coaches in China released by the Vocational Skills Appraisal Guidance Center of the State General Administration of Sport stated that in the private education industry, 52% of the "newcomers" who have been employed for one to three years have professional background, and the remaining 48% have no professional background.

　　Guo Yong, a bodybuilding coach of the national team and a lecturer in bodybuilding major at Beijing Sport University, told the Legal Daily reporter that professional background mainly refers to sports-related background, such as students from sports institutes and sports majors, not necessarily specialized in fitness.

　　In addition to professional background, those who have been promoted from different channels to coaches hold different certificates. At present, there are no uniform norms and standards for the qualification of fitness instructors in China.

　　"I think it is difficult for the fitness instructor qualification certificate to reach a unified standard, and it is also difficult to achieve effective supervision." Bao Ke said that the fitness instructor grade examination in the Human Resources Center of the General Administration of Sport is relatively formal. However, in order to standardize and effectively supervise, I personally think that the gym needs to cooperate first, that is, you can’t work without a qualification certificate; Secondly, improve the member identification ability; Finally, the industrial and commercial department should assess how many teachers and abilities there are in the gym, instead of having a business license and a venue to open a gym.

　　Wu Jiao believes that we should start from the source, that is, the operator. Operators must attach importance to coaches first, and train coaches from all aspects, instead of letting coaches be salespeople. Now many coaches basically sell classes after going to the gym; Secondly, for coaches, we should pay more attention to the evaluation of members or the performance of teaching. If we only look at how many classes have been sold, the professionalism of the coaches themselves will not improve. In addition, there is nothing wrong with letting go of the threshold. The key is how to train these coaches after entering, which is a very key link.

　　Guo Yong believes that the chaos in the fitness market is a normal phenomenon, and all industries have such a process, which gradually moves from immaturity to maturity, from non-standardization to standardization, and from professionalism to professionalism.

　　"I think that the qualifications of fitness instructors in the future are diversified, and fitness instructors are a skill. It is impossible to force the qualification examination at present. Moreover, it cannot be said that the qualification certificates issued by some institutions are not good. I think the training of fitness instructors is much better than before, and there will definitely be more and more training institutions in the future. In the end, who can stay depends on the market. " Guo Yong said.

　　Cartography/Gao Yue　　

Video: Ace-to-Ace Edition: More laughter is waiting for you.

In recent years, Zhejiang Satellite TV’s variety matrix brand has become more and more famous, and many programs that are familiar to the audience have been launched. Among them, "Ace to Ace", which combines song and dance, competition, theater and other links, has created its own sky in the field of variety in the shed. With a large number of loyal audiences, how is each program of "Ace" planned? Is it true that so many stars are attracted by sky-high salary as said on the Internet? A few days ago, the reporter interviewed Wu Tong, the general director of the program, and he will answer the audience’s curiosity and online rumors one by one.

Why did you launch Ace to Ace?

Outdoor reality show blowout, want to differentiate

The birth of every program will have a supporting point, and the fulcrum of the birth of "Ace" is the original intention of differentiation. After the fire in Running Man, the outdoor reality show showed a blowout trend. Wu Tong revealed that it was Wang Jun, director of Zhejiang Satellite TV, who proposed the direction at that time, and wanted to make a reality show in the shed to occupy another blue ocean area of variety industry with differentiation, so after the team constantly brainstormed and scrutinized the details, there was Ace to Ace, which focused on the variety in the shed and focused on the IP concept.

Because it is a completely original program, there is no reference model. It can be said that since the birth of "Ace", every program from the first season to the second season needs great efforts and efforts. As it turns out, this variety show in the shed has indeed achieved good results with its own differentiation and has become the hottest variety show in the TV shed in China.

How does a strong guest appeal come from? Platform cohesion is the key.

Viewers who have seen Ace to Ace will be amazed at the ability of the program to invite artists. Each issue is a heavyweight ace, from Jackie Chan, Zhang Guoli, Ceng Zhiwei and other "big brothers" in the circle to Fan Bingbing, Yang Mi, TFBOY, Lu Han and other popular goddesses to "play". Why can the ace have such a strong artist appeal? For the guests who had been rumored by the Internet that "Ace" was attracted by sky-high salary, the general director Wu Tong said that it was purely a rumor. The reason why the guests of the program were willing to participate in the program was firstly because Zhejiang Satellite TV’s platform was cohesive and attractive enough to attract stars, and secondly, the artists’ docking and communication skills were really strong, which was also an advantage of the platform.

Speaking of artists, Wu Tong also mentioned two words, namely "surprise" and "moved". "Ace" programs often arrange surprise guests for the coming artists. The confidentiality of this link is well done, so the artists themselves don’t know, and it is precisely because of this that unexpected situations often appear at the recording site, which makes the "Ace" team feel surprised and moved. For example, in the ninth episode of the first season, Quiet reappeared the image of "Da Yuer" in the classic TV series "The Secret History of Xiaozhuang", and the director group specially invited Ma Jintao to play the leading actor "Dourgen" to give Quiet a surprise. Unexpectedly, Quiet was moved to tears when he saw Ma Jintao. This scene also moved the program group. In the seventh program of the second season, when Kimi suddenly appeared on the scene, not only the audience applauded and screamed for the reunited ipartment crew, but also Michael Chen, Loura and Sean immediately got high. The friends who rarely met together recalled the past on the stage, and the details were particularly touching. Similar surprises are staged in almost every issue. It can be said that surprises are mutual. The program group has prepared surprises for artists, and artists are constantly giving new surprises to the program group.

Enter the blueberry video to watch the latest full video of Ace to Ace > >

What kind of team is behind the show?

Most of the members are post-90s, and they are thoughtful for every detail.

Behind any excellent program, there are a group of hard-working people, and "Ace to Ace" is no exception. This program is basically from the planning, artist communication and details execution. They are big enough to know all kinds of hot events and new ways of playing, but they are still not careless in implementing the details. Every detail is carefully thought out and compared again and again before making a decision. Wu Tong, for example, said that in the case of the ninth program of the second season just aired, Athena Chu played the role of "Zi Xia Fairy" again after 22 years. In order to better reproduce the classic role, the costume program group just thought back and forth for a long time and prepared three sets of costumes with different stage effects, except for the transparency of 30% and 60%, and the materials of the clothes are also different, and the details are so accurate, just to bring the best programs to everyone.

Because "Ace to Ace" involves many links, the program group has a lot of preparation work to do, and it takes a lot of energy just to wear clothes and props. Wu Tong admits that the entire choreographer group sleeps less than 3 hours a day, and during the day, they do execution, such as communicating with artists and trying out costume props. They don’t start planning or summarizing until 12 o’clock in the evening, and call it a day. The hard work of the program team also shows that it is not easy to make a good program.

Wu Tong also said that compared with the first season, the second season showed more feelings, hoping to really leave something for the audience after the show. When it comes to the future, Wu Tong feels that if the audience likes it, they are willing to keep doing it, but they will not solidify their thinking, and they have been trying to bring more newer and more meaningful things to the audience.

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　　On August 26th, the second China International Intelligent Industry Expo officially kicked off in Chongqing, and the mountain city once again set off a wave of intelligence. With the theme of "Empowering the economy and adding color to life", this year’s Zhibo Fair invited Nobel Prize winners, Turing Prize winners, leaders of the world’s top 500 companies and leading enterprises in the global big data intelligent industry to attend.

　　Following the gathering of the last Zhibo Fair, Ma Yun, Ma Huateng and Li Yanhong, three Internet technology industry tycoons, will once again join hands to attend the fair, and put forward their views and imagination on the intelligent industry around the topics of "enterprise innovation", "industrial competition" and "artificial intelligence" at this year’s Zhibo Fair.

　　The speeches of the three heads are full of personality. Ma Yun, who pays attention to sustainability, attaches great importance to the cultivation of the development source of innovative technology. In his speech, he proposed that "technology is developed, not regulated"; Ma Huateng, who is leading Tencent’s transformation, continues to speak for the industrial Internet, trying to attract more partners to make new "fist products" together; Li yanhong, a technical background, values AI landing, and his core views revolve around practicality and independent intellectual property rights.

　　Jack Ma

　　In the future, human beings will live by data.

　　Ma Yun is one of the three entrepreneurs who has invested the most in education. In sharing, his views also revolve around the universal and sustainable development of people, cities and even technology, which is consistent with the concept of teaching without distinction and learning with each other in educational thought.

　　Ma Yun’s speech started with social progress. He compared the difference between Chongqing and Silicon Valley, and thought that holding the Zhibo Fair in the southwest of China represented social progress. Regarding how the society will progress and how the city will develop in the future, Ma Yun borrowed from the residents in Guizhou mountainous areas to become a data annotator through data annotation training, creating a large number of employment cases, and proposed that in the future, human beings will live by data and find a place to communicate with data.

　　In the current digital age, technology is playing a more beneficial and convenient positive role in regional development and personal growth. Ma Yun said that what leads the future is the wisdom of human beings behind intelligence, and suggested that "in the era of wisdom, technology and equipment should be spent on human progress and human feelings".

　　Talking about macro-innovation, Ma Yun suggested that China has the opportunity to become a country on the Internet, but in comparison, there are not many enterprises like BAT, but fewer, and China should develop dozens of such enterprises. "We should not be afraid that innovative enterprises will become giants, but should worry that giants will not innovate."

　　Ma Yun believes that the next 30 years will be an era of intelligence, and the modern service industry will become the dominant employment, the essence of which is the development of finance. Ma Yun talked about the three relationships of "intelligence+":in the era of intelligence, intelligent policies are needed, and all intelligent businesses must bear corresponding responsibilities. No one can be big without taking responsibility. He expects big enterprises and big innovations to contribute to solving social problems and future problems.

　　Pony Ma

　　Industrial competition has entered the era of "doubles"

　　After a major organizational restructuring, Tencent has focused its business on developing the industrial Internet for a year. Ma Huateng’s speech at the Zhibo Fair mainly focused on the industrial structure, and the call for "doubles" released the signal that Tencent wanted to form an alliance with friends.

　　Ma Huateng said that the main field of industrial competition is gradually changing from "singles" PK to "doubles" competition. The competition of physical industries is no longer a solo struggle, and various physical industries are combining with the information industry to form new partners to participate in the competition.

　　Recently, Tencent has "rooted in the consumer Internet and embraced the industrial Internet", hoping to become an assistant for digital transformation and upgrading in all walks of life. Taking automobiles as an example, Ma Huateng mentioned that the automobile industry is facing a great change that has never happened in a century. The application of 5G technology, the landing of artificial intelligence, the replacement of new energy, and the governance of smart cities are promoting cross-border cooperation, especially the integration and innovation of information industry and automobile industry, and building a new car networking ecosystem.

　　Ma Huateng believes that in the past few decades, the rapid development of China’s economy and industry mainly benefited from the extension expansion. In the next few decades, China must exert its innovation potential to achieve high-quality development. Therefore, today’s China industry needs more fighting spirit. "In the face of economic transformation and industrial upgrading, we need to constantly stimulate the innovation potential and create more fist products."

　　Li yanhong

　　Artificial intelligence can no longer "show off skills"

　　The in-depth layout of artificial intelligence has always been the core strength of Baidu. "Artificial intelligence no longer pays attention to coolness, but pays attention to solid promotion and implementation." At the Zhibo Fair, Li Yanhong shared three suggestions on promoting and landing artificial intelligence based on the observation of the application and development of artificial intelligence technology.

　　First, we should pay attention to safety and efficiency. Li Yanhong pointed out that from the perspective of safety and cost, the low-speed L4 in the driverless field will be realized before the high-speed L3. The reason why Baidu slowed down the speed is to ensure safety.

　　Second, I hope to speed up the construction of infrastructure. Li Yanhong, who once worked on Wall Street, has a personal experience of Sino-US competition in science, technology and commerce. Focusing on the different development directions in the field of autonomous driving, he pointed out that China and the United States actually have considerable competition. The United States places more emphasis on bicycle intelligence, while China has advantages in infrastructure, and can add many devices on the roadside to improve safety and efficiency.

　　The third is to make full use of open source and open platform. Li Yanhong said that China’s open source platform started relatively late, but it played a vital role in the development of artificial intelligence. He believes that the industry should fully realize that open source does not mean that everything is free, but self-controllable, and many open source things still need to be in the hands of others. (Huaxi Dushi Bao-cover journalist Frida Meng Ouyang Hongyu Cui Jiang)

People’s demand for accurate and fast access to information is growing day by day. Whether it’s proper nouns in the field of work or new bags they see during the drama, they need to know more details quickly. With the continuous development of AI technology, mobile phone applications are also constantly innovating to provide users with more convenient and intelligent services. Samsung Galaxy S24 series pioneered the function of "search by circle", which combines AI technology with search experience, and brings users a brand-new search method with intuitive interaction, which can obtain valuable information more efficiently and quickly.

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Thanks to the unimaginable convenience experience, the instant search function of Samsung Galaxy S24 series allows you to obtain useful information at any time. If you are planning a trip and want to know the attractions, food and local customs of the destination, you can directly circle other people’s travel notes, pictures or videos when browsing travel blogs or social media by using the instant search function of Samsung Galaxy S24 series. AI will analyze the content of the circle selection, provide detailed information that can be used for travel strategy, and help to understand the destination in depth and plan the itinerary.

Shopping is an indispensable part of people’s daily life. Browse the street photos of the new season on the Internet, or you are interested in the clothes of the people in the drama when you are chasing the drama. At this time, the function of "circle search" can also provide convenience. No matter whether you are browsing pictures or videos, as long as you press the Home button and circle the items you are interested in, the system will identify and search related products through AI to help make more informed shopping decisions.

News report is one of the important ways for people to get current affairs information. When reading news articles or watching news videos, sometimes you will encounter interesting topics or want to know more about them. At this time, the function of "circle search" can help to get more relevant information quickly. Just press the Home button for a long time and circle the key content, that is, circle and search, which can help to understand the event more comprehensively.

Samsung Galaxy S24 series pioneered the function of circle-to-circle search, which combined artificial intelligence technology with search engine, realized intelligent identification and rapid acquisition of information, and provided users with a brand-new search experience. In daily life, whether planning a trip, shopping for goods or reading news, the function of circle-to-circle search can give full play to its advantages, provide users with search services more conveniently and accurately, and greatly improve the efficiency and experience of information acquisition.

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　　Busy city life

　　Starting from the morning rush hour.

　　Ended in the last bus at night.

　　On the hurried commute.

　　a book

　　Start a spiritual journey beyond time and space

　　A reader

　　Quietly depict the most beautiful scenery in the noisy city.

　　Even if people are crowded, there is also a spiritual corner.

　　When the world is too fast, books slow the heart down.

　　The book in your hand will light up the light in your heart

　　

　　The reader on the subway

　　The first episode set out

　　[Introduction: "The Scholar on the Subway" is a series of online micro-documentaries jointly created by Xinhuanet and Zhongban Group Digital Media Co., Ltd., which records the people who study on the subway by oral record, observes the life and mental state of ordinary people in the city through the subway, which is closely related to people, advocates reading for all and explores the possibility of building a public spiritual space in the city. 】

　　April 23 rd

　　World Book Day

　　Pay attention to reading

　　May you become the most important person in the city.

　　A beautiful reading landscape

　　———————

　　Build a spiritual corner for yourself in a crowded crowd

　　Dictation | Zhu Liwei

　　 In February 2018, I met a young man reading Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance on the subway. My strong curiosity and professional relationship prompted me to ask him if the book was good or not, but in the end I only dared to take pictures of him reading with my mobile phone.

　　 This photo inadvertently opened a photo exhibition of my circle of friends. I called it "the reader on the subway". Out of my love for books and concern for reading, I recorded about hundreds of subway readers in more than a year.

　　 Gradually, I met more and more interesting reading stories, such as the mother who buried herself in the teenage version of 100,000 Why, the girl who always sat in the same place to study, the uncle who always read the same book, and the young man who always took Mazar to the car to study … … This flowing reading landscape became colorful in my eyes, and I inadvertently became a reading observer on the subway, imagining the people behind me and their lives through books.

　　 The books that were taken to the subway were far beyond my imagination. This long list of subway books made me realize that I might actually be in an invisible underground library.

　　 I posted the reading moments recorded in my notes on the Internet, and the response was unexpected. Some netizens said that this "gentle photo album" made him "warm in heart", while others said that such a "spiritual corner" actually made him "somehow, tears filled his eyes", and many people set out, opened their books and wrote down their thoughts and feelings.

　　 A netizen left me a message: If your goal is to read all the famous books, it is better to start your reading on the subway from now on.

　　 I think reading is never too late to start. Everyone has a seed buried in his heart. It needs to find the temperature for germination.

　　 In the limited space of the subway car, during a journey of several tens of minutes, the book links the reality and a better life, the once-only life and the infinite parallel universe, and the spiritual exchange between ordinary people and writers. Studying on the subway is a spiritual corner they built for themselves in the crowded crowd.

　　 The city is so big and in a hurry, start another spiritual journey with a book, and expect you to become a "scholar on the subway"!

　　 (Zhu Liwei: Publishing practitioner, loves reading, pays attention to reading and is willing to share. Since February, 2018, she began to photograph the readers on the Beijing subway, and published the reader’s photo album and "subway book list" on the Internet, which aroused enthusiastic attention and discussion among netizens.

　　 Producer: Xiao Yang Sun Jing

　　 Editor: Zhai Zihe and Zhang Qingshui

　　 Planning: Wang Zhiyan, Liu Jiajia

　　 Producer: An Junyang

　　 Director: Wei Xiaotong

　　 Filmed by Wei Xiaotong and Zhu Liwei

　　 Copywriter: Zhu Liwei and Wang Zhiyan

　　 Post-production: Wei Xiaotong Wang Zhi Zhang Youming

　　 Publicity Coordinator: Liu Jiajia Zhao Zixuan and Li Aili Dai Jiayun.

　　 Art Design: Cheng Yuanyuan

　　 Voice: Lu Junwen

Education departments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government (Education Committees) and Education Committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

　　In order to carry out the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee and the Third National Conference on Education, and further implement the strategic guiding ideology of "education should face modernization, the world and the future", the Ministry of Education decided to set up English courses in primary schools as an important part of the curriculum reform of basic education in the early 21st century. The following opinions are put forward on offering English courses in primary schools.

　　First, actively promote the establishment of English courses in primary schools

　　The basic goals of promoting English courses in primary schools are: starting from the autumn of 2001, English courses will be gradually offered in primary schools in cities and counties all over the country; In the autumn of 2002, English courses were gradually offered in primary schools where towns and villages were located. The starting grade of English courses in primary schools is generally grade three. The education administrative departments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in light of the actual situation, determine the working objectives and steps of offering English courses in primary schools in their respective regions.

　　In actively promoting the work of offering English courses in primary schools, we should protect and support foreign language teaching in other languages such as Japanese and Russian. Encourage schools that use other languages as their main foreign language courses to run their own characteristics. Actively support "double foreign languages" and other teaching experiments.

　　Second, the basic requirements for offering English courses in primary schools

　　English teaching in primary schools should be based on the Basic Requirements for English Curriculum Teaching in Primary Schools (Trial), pay attention to stimulating and cultivating students’ interest in learning English, cultivate a certain sense of language and a good foundation of pronunciation and intonation, and guide students to be willing to communicate in English simply. Prevent and correct the practice of teaching language knowledge such as pronunciation and grammar, and focus on cultivating students’ ability and interest in communicating in English. The evaluation of primary school English should be based on formative evaluation according to the requirements of curriculum objectives. It is not allowed to queue up students’ test scores as the basis for various evaluations and selections.

　　English courses in primary schools should follow the principle of short class hours and high frequency, and schools can carry out colorful English teaching activities through the combination of long and short classes and cooperation inside and outside classes. To ensure teaching activities at least four times a week, the school can arrange flexibly according to specific conditions. In primary schools offering English courses, from the third grade, the Chinese class will be reduced by one class hour, and the rest of the English teaching activities will be solved by local class hours.

　　All localities can determine the teaching methods of English in primary schools according to the actual situation. Change the traditional concept of classroom teaching, make full use of distance teaching methods and English teaching audio-visual resources, and create a good language learning environment for students. Cities or regions with better teacher conditions should actively use English audio-visual media in classroom teaching. In areas where English teachers are not qualified for the time being, English TV programs, videotapes, CDs and tapes should be actively used to carry out teaching activities under the guidance and organization of teachers.

　　From the first half of 2001, China Education Television will broadcast a series of training programs for English teachers in primary schools to improve their English teaching ability, and make some TV teaching programs for English in primary schools, which will be broadcast regularly and rolling from the fall of 2001, and at the same time provide corresponding audio-visual media for primary schools to organize English teaching.

　　Third, strengthen the management of primary school English textbooks

　　In view of the fact that there are a considerable number of primary school English textbooks in China, at present, the main way to solve the demand for primary school English textbooks is to organize the review of existing textbooks and standardize management in accordance with the Basic Requirements for Primary School English Curriculum Teaching (Trial). The textbooks approved by the examination will be included in the catalogue of teaching books for primary and secondary schools. Beginning in the autumn of 2002, English textbooks for primary schools that are not listed in the catalogue of teaching books for primary and secondary schools will cease to be used. New primary school English textbooks must be submitted to our department for approval. Encourage the development of high-quality English teaching software.

　　Fourth, strengthen the construction of English teachers in primary schools

　　Strengthening the construction of English teachers in primary schools is the basic condition to improve the quality of English teaching in primary schools. At present, we should focus on the training of primary school English backbone teachers and tutors to solve the urgent need of offering English courses in primary schools. Can carry out job-transfer training, for in-service primary school teachers with a certain English foundation, after passing the training, they can be transferred to engage in English teaching or take part-time English teaching counseling. Teachers’ colleges at all levels, teachers’ training colleges, and teaching and research offices in primary and secondary schools should train in-service primary school teachers under the planning and guidance of local education administrative departments. Strengthen the construction of English education majors in normal universities at all levels and types, and strive to expand and improve the scale and ability of training primary school teachers in normal universities. We should continue to run secondary foreign language normal schools well. Encourage and support qualified secondary normal schools to hold English professional classes. Secondary normal schools should offer compulsory English courses. Conditional secondary normal schools can be transformed into secondary foreign language normal schools.

　　According to the local reality, make reasonable provisions on the standard of primary school English teachers’ equipment, teaching workload, job appointment and salary. In order to attract excellent primary school English teachers, all localities can adopt appropriate encouragement policies according to the actual situation. Encourage non-normal college English majors to teach in primary schools.

　　Five, strengthen the leadership of English courses in primary schools.

　　Education administrative departments at all levels should fully understand the importance of promoting English courses in primary schools, strengthen leadership, formulate operational implementation plans, stress practical results and make steady progress. Conditional areas should provide necessary conditions for primary schools to receive English course programs. In particular, to solve the problem of cable TV reception, it is equipped with necessary equipment such as TV sets, video recorders and tape recorders. Other areas should make full use of the "radio and television project for every village" and the "school-to-school project".

　　Strengthen the scientific research on English curriculum and teaching in primary schools. I will set up a national primary school English teaching steering committee to guide the national primary school English teaching and scientific research. Teaching and research departments at all levels should be equipped with full-time primary school English teaching and research staff, and actively organize primary school English teachers to carry out teaching and research work.

　　All localities should set up a number of "demonstration classes", "demonstration schools" and "demonstration areas" in a planned way, carry out teaching reform experiments, sum up and popularize advanced experience, and play an exemplary role in promoting English courses in primary schools locally.

　　Attachment:Basic requirements for English teaching in primary schools (for Trial Implementation). docx

the General Office of the Ministry of Education

January 20, 2001