Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 11th, New Media Specialist According to Reuters’s report on January 8th, when American social media companies took measures against users and organizations that incited the siege of Capitol Hill, and finally blocked the account of US President Trump, their actions were too small and it was too late.

　　The report pointed out that in the past few weeks, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other technology giant platforms and some emerging marginal social networks have predicted the impact on Capitol Hill that killed five people.

　　According to the report, the online lobbying group "Voice" found a post on Facebook website with an illustration of Trump standing in front of the White House with a machine gun and the text "Come and occupy it". Another illustration depicts Trump as Uncle Sam with his words: "I hope you will come to Washington, D.C. on January 6th. The scene will be very crazy at that time. "

　　Some experts who study false information say that platforms allow radical racists, violent enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists to gather a large audience, and online celebrity people know what they can gain from it.

　　The report also said that Alex Stamos, the former chief security officer of Facebook and the current head of the false information disclosure project at Stanford University, said: "What you finally see is that the content on mainstream social media platforms has been seriously diluted, and other platforms are full of more radical content."

　　Stamos said, "It is difficult to assert that there is something wrong with mainstream content, because it is all about ‘ Come to the rally ’ . ‘ Get ready for a fight ’ It is the content on the websites of 8Kun and Paler, and the content that incites the implementation of the action is in ‘ Telegraph ’ On the software. "

　　On Wednesday, local time, a tweet turned "My fellow Americans, a storm is coming" sent by anonymous Q organization three years ago into a call to action. This tweet was forwarded 16,000 times.

　　According to the report, before Facebook closed the page of "Red State Separation" organization on Tuesday night local time, the organization had been urging nearly 8,000 fans to find the home address of officials who "helped steal the election victory".

　　Jared Holt, a false information researcher at the Atlantic Council, said that the far-right groups that appeared at the scene of the riots were very active on platforms such as Paler, Chat, MeWe, Zello and Telegraph, and sometimes they discussed using crowd tactics to enter the Capitol.

　　"If the Turks succeed, the first to lose their lives is such a person. I will do my best to lead a accustomed life for these insignificant people. What I want to protect is this Chang ‘an — — Can you understand me when I say this? " Zhang Xiaojing said.

　　Zhang Xiaojing fought in the Western Regions for ten years, and was later put on death row for killing the magistrate of Wannian County. As the Turkic wolf guards infiltrated Chang ‘an, and there are twelve hours (that is, 24 hours) left before the Lantern Festival, a disaster that devours everything is about to break out. Zhang Xiaojing, as a marginal person, was regarded as the only hope to save Chang ‘an by Li Mi, the official of Jing ‘an Company.

　　This is a seemingly impossible task, and Zhang Xiaojing has lost confidence in the Tang Dynasty.

　　In the process of solving the case, Zhang Xiaojing is maverick and cynical, but he has his own logic: for the sake of an old Uighur man who specializes in making Biluo cakes in Shengdaofang, for the sake of seeing the little novice monk in the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, for the sake of carving a beard in Fusaiji, for the sake of Arroyo who tamed camels in the East City, and for the sake of dancer Li Shier … … Chang ‘an is a concrete and vivid Chang ‘an, in which ordinary lives struggle and strive to realize humble dreams. Because of them, Zhang Xiaojing is willing to make sacrifices.

　　With the popularity of the TV series The Longest Day In Chang’an, this fictional story, which was set to happen before 1275, has once again aroused heated discussion. At least two things have touched people:

　　First of all, the details of urban life in the Tang Dynasty have been restored, from the architectural style of 108 square to the living habits of Chang ‘an people, as well as various famous shops and delicacies, which is like a travelogue.

　　Secondly, it shows the complexity of human nature. Zhang Xiaojing is an "anti-hero", who likes to complain and is vicious, but he is loyal to everything he believes. Opponent Cao Poyan is cunning and cruel, but in front of his master, he is very tame. In his heart, he retains a deep fatherly love for his daughter. Li Bi (changed to Li Bi in TV series) is a young man with a bright future, but he yearns for cultivating immortals. While playing a courageous and capable player, he is full of disgust at the changeable world and the danger of people’s hearts … …

　　The Longest Day In Chang’an’s story is like a text version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, telling the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In order to deepen this story, we specially interviewed the original author and famous writer Ma Boyong.

　　I wrote about Chang ‘an in order to test my ability.

　　Beiqing Art Review: How did you first think of writing about The Longest Day In Chang’an?

　　Ma Boyong: It was on the Zhihu. Some netizens asked a question: If you write a story for Assassin’s Creed, where would you put the background? Assassin’s Creed is a sandbox video game. The protagonist shuttles through an ancient or modern city to carry out various assassination missions. I like it very much.

　　Seeing this problem, I immediately thought of Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty. I think, if there is an assassin running around in Chang ‘an 108 Square, how interesting it is? Because Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty is a dreamland for me. There, anything can happen, which is really the most suitable stage that a creator can think of.

　　I answered thousands of words at random, but I didn’t expect netizens to leave messages one after another, and they were all interested in this idea. Based on this answer, The Longest Day In Chang’an developed a novel with more than 400,000 words. Later, it had nothing to do with the game.

　　Beiqing Art Review: How long have you been writing this novel?

　　Ma Boyong: I wrote for half a year, and spent a lot of time collecting information. I also went to Xi ‘an for several field trips.

　　For me, writing about Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty is a particularly big challenge, because I hope that the novel is as close to historical facts as possible, and the details should be tenable, but there are too many relevant materials, and it is not so easy to choose which one to use.

　　In addition, the whole story is compressed in one day and one night, which is very difficult to handle. If you write thousands of words, it will be easier to deal with it in a shorter time, but The Longest Day In Chang’an has more than 400,000 words, so you need to keep the tension. At that time, people didn’t have mobile phones, communication was backward, and the efficiency of doing things was slow. How to write the rhythm and turn a slow costume legendary martial arts drama into a fast-paced lonely hero drama with an ancient anti-terrorism theme is an extremely difficult question I gave myself.

　　I chose this writing method to test my ability.

　　Write "pull the hook" to have the Tang Dynasty flavor.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Why did the novel choose Tianbao three years (744) as the background?

　　Ma Boyong: Because nothing important happened this year. In history books, this is an ordinary year, which is why I want to write. The more ordinary the year, the more it can highlight the story — — An earth-shattering event almost happened in Chang ‘an, but the plot was uncovered in time and daily life continued. The calmer the surface, the more thrilling it can be.

　　In addition, in the third year of Tianbao, there happened to be a war between the Tang Dynasty and the Turks. Taking advantage of the civil strife in the Turks, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the Shuofang to attack Wang Zhongsi in our time, and the Turks suffered a fiasco. Under this background, it is also natural that they sent a group of people to Chang ‘an to make trouble to ease the military pressure on the border.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The book uses ancient words such as "tug-of-war" (a kind of poem written by ancient scholars to promote themselves, similar to modern self-recommendation letters). Why?

　　Ma Boyong: I hope to restore the life details of Chang ‘an people in the Tang Dynasty, including what people liked to say, what they ate, the surrounding environment and what they used at ordinary times, so as to show the characteristics of the times. If I write tug-of-war directly, the taste will be gone.

　　Beiqing Art Review: There are many interesting details in the book. For example, when Cao Poyan pretended to be Hu Shang and entered Chang ‘an, the doorman was suspicious of him and approved the word "Wei". After some bribes, he changed it to the word "Listening". Is this method of writing official documents your imagination?

　　Ma Boyong: No, this is a historical fact. In Dunhuang, many documents of the Tang Dynasty were unearthed, including the requirements of the Tang Dynasty for official document writing. This detail was written according to relevant documents.

　　Transform foreign culture into China culture.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Why are you so concerned about Chang ‘an in Tang Dynasty?

　　Ma Boyong: I have been interested in the Tang Dynasty since I was a child. At that time, I listened to the ballad of The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and then I read some materials to learn more about the Tang Dynasty. In order to write The Longest Day In Chang’an, I read a lot of materials in depth.

　　In the history of China, Chang ‘an City is the closest to a modern city. People of different languages and races live here. Whether you are Korean, Persian, Southeast Asian, European or African, Chang ‘an can tolerate and everyone lives together. The Tang Dynasty was originally an open dynasty with cultural self-confidence, but later this self-confidence became less and less.

　　The opening up of the Tang Dynasty originated from its temperament when it was founded, and it adopted an inclusive attitude towards different ethnic groups and market economies, so it was rich in diversity and diversity, and later dynasties often adopted a restraining attitude towards these.

　　The Tang Dynasty did not shy away from foreign culture, but turned it into its own use. For example, wine, originally a specialty of the western regions, was introduced into the Central Plains from the Han Dynasty, and the Central Plains tried to brew wine, but its application scope was relatively narrow. On the whole, wine is an exotic product, which can appear in many Tang poems, and it has become an integral part of China culture, such as "the luminous glass of grape wine". Poets write about wine when they think of extravagance or exoticism.

　　For example, in Bai Juyi’s poems, there is "half the river is rustling and half the river is red", and "rustling" comes from Persian, which means "glass" or "glass". Poets in the Tang Dynasty often use "rustling" to express color, for example, Du Fu’s "it often rains". For today’s readers, no one thinks that "rustling" is a foreign culture.

　　In a word, the absorption ability and assimilation ability of the Tang Dynasty were particularly strong.

　　Zhang Xiaojing has only one advantage.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Zhang Xiaojing is a controversial figure with a strong sense of bandits. Why is he set as the protagonist of the story?

　　Ma Boyong: Zhang Xiaojing is not a hero in the traditional sense. He has many shortcomings, but he has a bottom line. It is this unique advantage that makes him a hero to save Chang ‘an, which is very interesting in itself. In traditional literature, there are few such figures. When it comes to heroes, they are called "Gao Daquan".

　　From "Gao Daquan" to "anti-hero", this is the product of modern aesthetic transformation. For example, the heroes in early animation, such as Superman and Batman, are all powerful, perfect in character and handsome in appearance, but the heroes developed in Marvel Comics, such as Iron Man, Hulk and Deadpool, can’t be said to be perfect figures. They have their own shortcomings in personality, but they make us feel more cordial.

　　Of course, there may not be such a person as Zhang Xiaojing in the Tang Dynasty, because the Tang Dynasty is a society that attaches great importance to identity, and it is unlikely that Zhang Xiaojing’s understanding that everyone is equal and attaches importance to the value of life belongs to the values of modern people. But only by showing modernity can readers understand that any historical novel is like this, and every historical novel writer will have feelings and put his own ideas into it.

　　Although Zhang Xiaojing’s ideal was shattered, his efforts were used by others, and he himself was betrayed, but the civilians in Chang ‘an were saved. In this sense, his task has been completed and he has succeeded.

　　Beiqing Art Review: In the novel, Cen Can feels a little funny, while He Zhizhang feels rigid and bureaucratic, which is different from the impression of ordinary readers. Why is this arrangement?

　　Ma Boyong: I don’t think Cen Can in the novel is funny. He has his own ideals and persistence, but today’s readers have a fixed impression of him, thinking that he is a frontier poet and has lived in a military camp for a long time. However, there are different stages in life. When he was young, Cen Can thought the same way as people at that time, and tried to take the road of imperial examination, but today readers don’t know much about it. I hope to capture the changes of different historical figures, so as to better understand him. A person’s thoughts and performances are different when he is young, mature and old, and so is Cen Can.

　　As for He Zhizhang, in The Longest Day In Chang’an, he has a rigid and bureaucratic side. In fact, we never said that he was not a rigid person in textbooks in the past, but we only overemphasized that he was a poet. But in fact, his main business is politics, and his sideline is writing poetry. We didn’t know him comprehensively enough.

　　It is impossible to write a novel in a rush to make a TV series.

　　Beiqing Art Review: On the Internet, readers have different opinions on The Longest Day In Chang’an. Some netizens think it is Ma Boyong’s masterpiece, while others say it is "American drama thinking+Tang Dynasty scenery". They think it is a mystery novel, and they say it is full of ambition. It was rushed to make a TV series from the beginning, so it is better to write a script. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: So far, The Longest Day In Chang’an is my most satisfactory novel, but it is normal that readers have the right to have different views on a work.

　　As for "American drama thinking", my writing is mixed with various factors, and American drama is one of them. Today, writers should learn different writing styles and absorb different nutrients.

　　As for The Longest Day In Chang’an, I think it is difficult to use a certain type. If it must be used, it can only be broadly regarded as a historical novel, because it contains a variety of elements, and it can also be called an action novel, a political novel, etc. It is hard to say that it is a mystery novel in a strict sense.

　　As for the rush to shoot TV series from the beginning, this is definitely a layman’s point of view. Tv drama is a completely different major, which requires a long process, and there are many links in it, so you don’t have to write according to its requirements. It is impossible for any novel to write in this direction, just as no novel is written to win the Nobel Prize, so the novel written in that way will certainly not win the prize.

　　The novel market is not depressed.

　　Beiqing Art Review: In the past two years, the novel market has been in a downturn. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: I didn’t notice this phenomenon. I think the novel market is still very hot, which is similar to the situation in the past. If it is well written, it will sell well. It is impossible to sell well today, but suddenly it will not sell well tomorrow. The key is whether there are works with excellent quality.

　　As for what kind of novels sell well, there is no certain rule. After all, every writer’s style is different, and there is no uniform standard, but there is something in common, that is, they are good enough to look good. The novel market is relatively direct. Only when it is good-looking, readers will continue to read it. If it is not good-looking, it will be impossible to read it.

　　The readership of novels will not change immediately, but the way of reading will change. Some people will buy electronic versions, while others will continue to read paper books.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The Longest Day In Chang’an has collected so many materials. Will you write other novels about the Tang Dynasty in the future?

　　Ma Boyong: I’m sure I’ll write novels again, but I haven’t decided which dynasty to write. After all, the characteristics of each dynasty are different, depending on the information collected. As for whether I will write about the Tang Dynasty again, I can only say that anything is possible.

　　I haven’t written a novel since The Longest Day In Chang’an. At the beginning of this year, I published Daming under the Microscope, which is non-fiction writing. I have been reading materials for at least one or two hours every day, reading both monographs and papers. Monographs are more general, while papers pay attention to in-depth excavation. No matter what I read, I will take reading notes. As for the total number of words left in my reading notes, I haven’t counted them, because many of them are stored in the computer.

　　In short, if you keep reading and accumulate to a certain extent, you will be inspired to write.

　　The secret of writing a novel is to keep writing.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The Longest Day In Chang’an TV series has also caused some controversy. Some netizens think it is different from the original. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: Fiction is a text expression, and television is a visual language. They have completely different expression systems, and they will definitely be different. From the first day I knew I was going to shoot a TV series, I let the screenwriter change it. I didn’t participate in the work, but left it to more professional people to play freely. My team and I have a common understanding on this.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Today, many young people are willing to write novels. What is your advice to them?

　　Ma Boyong: The premise of writing a novel is that you have to write persistently. I’m not a particularly talented person. It’s almost 20 years since I started writing. During this period, the college entrance examination, going to college, looking for a job, getting married and having children have never stopped writing. I have met many talented writers, and their initial writing felt very good, but for various reasons, they gave up halfway, and it would be too difficult to pick it up later, and their writing was crude.

　　Actually, when I was in college, I studied marketing, which had nothing to do with literature. When I was in middle school, my composition was only average, not particularly good. When I was in high school, I kept a diary for two years, all of which were running books. I didn’t start writing novels until I was in college, because life is so boring that writing can make me happier. I didn’t think about publishing it at that time. The ultimate goal of writing is to make yourself happy and others happy, which is the best. If you can’t do it, make yourself happy.

　　Looking back at the things of that year, it is really green, but there are also some enterprising spirits that I can’t find now. At that time, I dared to write without restrictions and was more free.

　　In short, I don’t have any clear goals when I write it down all the way. At first, I wrote it on the computer, then I wrote it online, and then I published it, so I have been going down. I think, as long as we persist long enough, some people will get more rewards and some people will get less rewards, but in any case, there will always be rewards.

On the 19th, under the influence of the vortex and the southwest jet, heavy rain occurred in Guangxi (Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Nanning), with strong short-term rainfall. The maximum hourly rainfall in Qinzhou was 189.6 mm (02: 00 to 03: 00 on the 19th).

At present, the heavy precipitation clouds in central and southern Guangxi are moving eastward, affecting cities and counties in western Guangdong. It is estimated that from 19th to 21st, there will be a local torrential rain and precipitation process from heavy rain to heavy rain in western Guangdong, southern Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong, and there will be heavy rain and heavy rain in other cities and counties. The local area is accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation and strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds of magnitude 8 or so. Guangdong has entered the "Dragon Boat Water" season, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters such as flash floods and mudslides, landslides, collapses and waterlogging in urban and rural areas, and pay attention to the prevention of disasters caused by strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

Weather Reality: On the morning of May 18th to 19th, there were moderate to heavy rains in Zhaoqing and Qingyuan, and showers and heavy rains in other cities and counties. According to the monitoring, from 08: 00 on the 18th to 08: 00 on the 19th, 11 towns and streets in the province recorded heavy rain exceeding 50 mm, and 100 towns and streets recorded heavy rain ranging from 25 mm to 50 mm. The towns and streets with the largest rainfall in each city were: Damaishan Town, Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan, 69.4 mm, and Beishi Town, Guang Ningxian, Zhaoqing, 64 mm.

Specific forecast: On the 19th, there will be heavy rain to heavy rain in western Guangdong and southern Pearl River Delta, heavy rain and heavy rain in cities and counties in northwest Guangdong and central and northern Pearl River Delta, and moderate to heavy rain in other cities and counties.

On the 20th, there were heavy rains in southern Pearl River Delta and cities and counties in eastern Guangdong, heavy rains in Heyuan and Meizhou, and showers and heavy rains in other cities and counties.

On the 21st, there were heavy rains and rainstorms in the cities and counties in eastern Guangdong and Meizhou, while the rest of the cities and counties were cloudy with showers.

On the 22nd, heavy rain turned to showers in the cities and counties in eastern Guangdong, and the rest of the cities and counties were cloudy with showers and partial heavy rain.

Warm reminder: Guangdong has entered the "Dragon Boat Water" season, and it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters. 1. Pay attention to the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters such as flash floods, mudslides, landslides, collapses, urban and rural waterlogging and floods in small and medium rivers. 2. It is necessary to pay attention to prevent risks such as aerial work facilities, factory sheds, temporary structures, outdoor billboards, tree collapse and agricultural production activities caused by strong convective weather such as lightning strikes and short-term strong winds. 3. When it rains, it is easy to cause visual range obstacles and road water accumulation, and the risk of land and water traffic accidents increases, so attention should be paid to safety.

Smoke billowed from the chimney. Zhang Xinyan’s information

　　　　　　　　On June 1st, the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Tort Liability Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation) was issued. There are 19 articles in the Interpretation, which mainly include: the principle of imputation and the reasons for exemption; The responsibility of several people to discharge pollutants; Liability for environmental pollution caused by the fault of the third party; Distribution of burden of proof; Provisions on evidence; Evidence preservation; The responsibility of the polluter; Responsibilities of relevant environmental service agencies; Scope of application and limitation of action.

　　　　　　　　What are the highlights of the Interpretation and what impact will it bring? The reporter interviewed Sun Youhai, former deputy director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office, now professor of Tianjin University and dean of law school on these issues.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsWhat is the imputation principle of environmental pollution tort liability in the Interpretation?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe essence of Article 1 of the Interpretation is whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution. In practice, there are two opinions on whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution.

　　　　　　　　One view is that in the past, some laws regarded "illegality" as one of the constitutive requirements of environmental pollution responsibility, so it should be adhered to. Another view is that Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law does not distinguish whether pollutants are discharged legally, but whether the polluter is at fault or not, and the polluter shall bear tort liability. In other words, even if the pollutant discharge behavior of the polluter meets the requirements of national or local pollutant discharge standards, it shall bear tort liability as long as it causes damage.

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation adheres to the "no-fault principle", that is, no matter whether the polluter is subjectively "intentional" about the pollutants discharged, as long as it discharges pollutants and causes damage, it should bear civil liability. This is the inevitable result of the development of international environmental law and the concrete embodiment of the development of China’s environmental law. According to this provision, the people’s court will not support the claim that the polluter does not assume responsibility on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards.

　　　　　　　　There are also many cases for reference in trial practice. For example, the People’s Court of Longtan District, Jilin City (2004) Long Min Yi Chu Zi No.1377 case.

　　　　　　　　The defendant is a chemical enterprise that produces sulfuric acid, and the vineyard planted by Wang is nearby. Wang sued the court for the defendant’s discharge of sulfur dioxide, which caused his grapes to be reduced due to pollution, while the defendant argued that it was a discharge unit that reached the standard through special environmental impact assessment.

　　　　　　　　The court held that the national or local pollutant discharge standards are only the basis for the environmental protection department to decide whether the pollutant discharge unit needs to pay sewage charges and carry out environmental management, rather than the boundary for determining whether the pollutant discharge unit is liable for compensation. The legal discharge of pollutants by enterprises may also lead to dangerous results of damage to others, and there should be relief if there is damage. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution does not regard illegality as a necessary condition for the actor to bear civil liability, which shows that the constitution of environmental civil liability does not require the actor’s behavior to be illegal.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow should several polluters bear the responsibility for causing damage by polluting the environment?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiSeveral polluters commit environmental pollution, including two situations: first, several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution; Second, several polluters commit environmental pollution behaviors respectively. Articles 2 and 3 of this Interpretation respectively stipulate these two situations.

　　　　　　　　First, if several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution and cause damage to the infringed, they shall be jointly and severally liable in accordance with Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　Second, if several polluters respectively commit environmental pollution and cause the same damage, the Interpretation stipulates that three situations should be distinguished.

　　　　　　　　It should be noted that Articles 2 and 3 of the Interpretation stipulate how several polluters should be held responsible for the damage caused by environmental pollution. If it is necessary to determine how to share the responsibility among several polluters, the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation shall apply.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to bear the responsibility for environmental pollution damage caused by the fault of the third party?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiIn practice, some environmental pollution behaviors are caused by the fault of a third person other than the polluter and the infringed. In this case, in order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed, Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law stipulates that the infringed may choose to request the polluter or a third party to compensate.

　　　　　　　　However, the Tort Liability Law does not clarify the litigation status of the polluter and the third party. If the polluter is also at fault for polluting the environment, how should the third party bear the responsibility and whether the polluter can claim to reduce or exempt the responsibility on the grounds of the third party’s fault. To this end, the fifth article of this Interpretation stipulates three aspects.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsThe Interpretation stipulates the burden of proof of the infringer and the polluter respectively. How should the parties give evidence?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 6 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of the infringed, which is based on Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law. In practice, there is no dispute that the infringed should bear the burden of proof for the pollution behavior and the damage facts. However, there are two opinions on whether the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage results.

　　　　　　　　One view is that according to Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law, the principle of inversion of the burden of proof of causality applies to environmental pollution liability disputes, and the polluter should bear the burden of proof for the absence of causality, and the infringed should not bear any burden of proof for causality; Another view is that the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage. After research, the second opinion was adopted.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of polluters, which is based on the provisions of Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law. According to Article 66 of Tort Liability Law, polluters should bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between behavior and damage. However, under what circumstances, the people’s court can determine that the polluter has completed the burden of proof, which is not clearly stipulated in the law and has different practices in practice. After repeated research, Article 7 of the Interpretation stipulates four situations.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsIt is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in some cases. How should we deal with it?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe trial of civil cases of environmental pollution often involves specialized issues such as pollutant identification, loss assessment, causal relationship identification, etc., and the judicial appraisal institution needs to issue appraisal opinions. However, at present, there are few institutions with environmental pollution appraisal qualifications, long appraisal period and high cost, which are difficult to meet the practical needs of handling cases.

　　　　　　　　In view of this, the Interpretation refers to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution, which clearly stipulates that if it is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in the case, it may entrust a judicial appraisal institution with relevant qualifications to issue an appraisal opinion or an institution recommended by the environmental protection department of the State Council to issue an inspection, testing or monitoring report.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to play an expert role in the trial of environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiEnvironmental tort liability disputes involve many technical and professional issues, and the parties often can’t meet the needs of litigation according to their own knowledge. Judges and litigation agents entrusted by the parties are generally expert in law, but they are not necessarily clear about the technical problems in the facts of the case.

　　　　　　　　In order to fully protect the litigation rights of the parties, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and help the judge to judge in the middle and correctly identify the facts, the Interpretation clearly stipulates the procedures and functions of people with specialized knowledge to appear in court according to Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　First, the procedure for people with specialized knowledge to appear in court. If it is necessary for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court, the parties concerned shall apply to the people’s court and explain the reasons. If a party fails to apply, the people’s court may explain it to him if it deems it necessary;

　　　　　　　　Second, the role of people with specialized knowledge in court. People with specialized knowledge appear in court, mainly to give opinions on expert opinions or professional issues such as pollutant identification, damage consequences and causality. Moreover, the opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What civil liabilities should the polluter bear in environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiAccording to Article 15 of Tort Liability Law, the main ways to bear tort liability are: stop the infringement; Remove obstacles; Eliminate danger; Return property; Restore to the original state; Compensation for losses; Apologize; 8 kinds, such as eliminating influence and restoring reputation. Among them, "returning property" belongs to the typical right of claim, and "eliminating influence and restoring reputation" belongs to the typical category of personality right. According to the characteristics of environmental damage, returning property, eliminating influence and restoring reputation generally do not apply to environmental tort liability disputes.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Interpretation stipulates that the people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringed person and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Among them, "restitution" mainly requires the infringer to bear the responsibility of pollution control and ecological restoration, including in-situ restoration and off-site restoration. If the infringer fails to control or repair or is unable to control or repair, the people’s court may entrust the relevant unit to perform it on his behalf, and the expenses shall be borne by the polluter. "Compensation for losses" includes the property loss and personal loss caused by the infringed party’s pollution behavior and the expenses incurred by necessary and reasonable measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminate pollution.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What responsibilities should environmental service agencies bear?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 65 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that environmental impact assessment institutions, environmental monitoring institutions and institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment and pollution prevention facilities, if they resort to deception in relevant environmental service activities and are responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage, they shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and shall also be jointly and severally liable with other persons responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　　　　　　　In order to enhance the practical operation of this article and unify the applicable standards of the law, Article 16 of the Interpretation stipulates that if one of the circumstances is met, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to understand the relationship between the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe newly revised Civil Procedure Law and Environmental Protection Law both stipulate environmental civil public interest litigation and private interest litigation. These two types of litigation have commonalities in ascertaining the facts of the case and taking responsibility, while public interest litigation is different from private interest litigation in the aspects of litigation subject, litigation purpose and litigation request.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Supreme People’s Court drafted the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases. Among them, the Interpretation applies not only to environmental civil public interest litigation, but also to environmental civil private interest litigation, stipulates the general rules applicable to both types of litigation, and focuses on regulating substantive issues such as how polluters bear responsibility; The Interpretation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation only provides special rules applicable to public interest litigation, focusing on standardizing procedural issues such as parties and jurisdiction of environmental public interest litigation.

What impact does the Interpretation bring?

　　　　　　　　1. To the people’s court

　　　　　　　　In view of the problems existing in the environmental trial, the Interpretation clarifies the boundaries of civil liability that all relevant subjects should bear, which will greatly improve the quality and effectiveness of the trial and help improve the judicial credibility.

　　　　　　　　2. To the environmental protection department

　　　　　　　　In the process of drafting the Interpretation, the opinions of the competent department of environmental protection were fully solicited, and the relationship between the trial work of the people’s court and the administrative management of the competent department of environmental protection was clarified, which greatly reduced the pressure of letters and visits to environmental protection, and was bound to help improve the work efficiency of the competent department of environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　3. For polluters

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the polluter’s no-fault principle for his own pollution behavior, and also clarifies how to bear the burden of proof when several polluters commit environmental pollution and a third person causes damage. Therefore, it will play a positive role in distinguishing right from wrong and distinguishing responsibilities, thus increasing the compensation of polluters and promoting environmental improvement.

　　　　　　　　4. For pollution victims

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the responsibilities of relevant subjects such as polluters, polluters and victims, and between them and third parties, which greatly facilitates polluters to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law. At the same time, it also clarifies some of the burden of proof that pollution victims should bear, which is objectively conducive to preventing the occurrence of indiscriminate complaints.

　　　　　　　　5. Environmental service agencies

　　　　　　　　In order to implement the new environmental protection law, the Interpretation clearly stipulates that environmental service agencies shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation for fraud that may occur in their service work. This will objectively promote them to improve their integrity and do their due diligence in environmental services within their own scope according to law.

Attached to the original interpretation:

　　　　　　　　In order to correctly hear environmental tort liability disputes, this interpretation is formulated in accordance with the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tort Liability Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Procedure Law and other laws, combined with trial practice.

　　　　　　　　the first No matter whether the polluter is at fault or not, the polluter shall bear tort liability for damage caused by environmental pollution. The people’s court shall not support the claim that the polluter is not liable on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards..

　　　　　　　　Where the polluter does not bear the responsibility or reduces the responsibility, the provisions of the marine environmental protection law, the water pollution prevention law, the air pollution prevention law and other separate laws on environmental protection shall apply; Where there are no provisions in the specific law on environmental protection, the provisions of the Tort Liability Law shall apply.

　　　　　　　　the second If two or more polluters jointly commit pollution acts and cause damage, and the infringed party requests the polluters to bear joint liability according to Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law, the people’s court shall support it.

　　　　　　　　Article If two or more polluters commit pollution acts separately and cause the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is enough to cause all damage, the people’s court shall support the infringer’s request that the polluters bear joint liability according to Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case that two or more polluters have committed pollution acts respectively, causing the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is not enough to cause all the damage, and the infringed party requests the polluter to bear the responsibility according to Article 12 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case where two or more polluters respectively commit pollution acts that cause the same damage, and some polluters’ pollution acts are enough to cause all the damage, while some polluters’ pollution acts only cause part of the damage. In accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law, the infringed party requests the polluter that causes all the damage and other polluters to bear joint and several liability for all the damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 4 The people’s court shall determine the extent to which two or more polluters are responsible for polluting the environment according to the types, emissions, harmfulness of pollutants, whether there is a discharge permit, whether it exceeds the pollutant discharge standard, whether it exceeds the total discharge control index of key pollutants and other factors.

　　　　　　　　Article 5 The people’s court shall accept the case where the infringer sued the polluter and the third party separately or simultaneously according to the provisions of Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　If the infringed party requests the third party to bear the liability for compensation, the people’s court shall determine the corresponding liability for compensation according to the degree of the third party’s fault.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall not support the polluter’s claim that he will not bear the responsibility or reduce the responsibility on the grounds that the fault of a third party has caused damage to the environment.

　　　　　　　　Article 6 Where the infringed party requests compensation according to Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, it shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

　　　　　　　　(1) The polluter has discharged pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(2) the damage caused by the infringer;

　　　　　　　　(3) There is a correlation between pollutants discharged by polluters or secondary pollutants and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 If the polluter proves one of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall determine that there is no causal relationship between the pollution behavior and the damage:

　　　　　　　　(a) the discharged pollutants did not cause the damage;

　　　　　　　　(2) The discharged pollutants that can cause the damage have not reached the place where the damage occurred;

　　　　　　　　(three) the damage occurred before the discharge of pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(4) Other circumstances in which it can be determined that there is no causal relationship between pollution behavior and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 8 For the specialized problem of finding out the facts of environmental pollution cases, you can entrust a judicial authentication institution with relevant qualifications to issue an expert opinion or an institution recommended by the competent department of environmental protection of the State Council to issue an inspection report, test report, evaluation report or monitoring data.

　　　　　　　　Article 9 If a party applies to notify one or two persons with specialized knowledge to appear in court and put forward opinions on expert opinions, pollutant identification, damage results, causality and other professional issues, the people’s court may grant permission. If the parties fail to apply, the people’s court may interpret it if it deems it necessary.

　　　　　　　　The opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 10 The investigation report, inspection report, inspection report, evaluation report or monitoring data of environmental pollution incidents issued by the department responsible for environmental protection supervision and management or the agency entrusted by it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 11 For sudden or short-lasting environmental pollution, if the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain later, the people’s court shall allow the parties or interested parties to apply for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 12 If the respondent has one of the circumstances stipulated in Article 63 of the Environmental Protection Law, and the parties or interested parties apply for preservation according to Article 100 or Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court may order the respondent to immediately stop the infringement or take pollution prevention measures.

　　　　　　　　Article 13 The people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring to the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringer and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Article 14 If the infringer requests restitution, the people’s court may judge the polluter to bear the responsibility of environmental restoration according to law, and at the same time determine the environmental restoration expenses that the defendant should bear when he fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration.

　　　　　　　　If the polluter fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration within the time limit determined by the effective judgment, the people’s court may entrust others to carry out environmental restoration, and the expenses required shall be borne by the polluter.

　　　　　　　　Article 15 The people’s court shall support the infringer in suing the polluter for compensation for property losses and personal injuries caused by pollution and the reasonable expenses incurred by taking necessary measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminating pollution.

　　　　　　　　Article 16 Under any of the following circumstances, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law:

　　　　　　　　(a) the environmental impact assessment agency issued a seriously inaccurate evaluation document knowing that the materials provided by the client were false;

　　　　　　　　(two) environmental monitoring institutions or institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment deliberately conceal the fact that the client has exceeded the pollutant discharge standards or exceeded the total emission control indicators of key pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(3) Institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of pollution prevention facilities intentionally fail to operate or abnormally operate environmental monitoring equipment or pollution prevention facilities;

　　　　　　　　(four) other cases of fraud in the environmental service activities of the relevant institutions.

　　　　　　　　Article 17 Where the infringer brings a lawsuit and requests the polluter to stop the infringement, remove the obstruction and eliminate the danger, it is not subject to the limitation period stipulated in Article 66 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 18 This interpretation is applicable to the trial of civil cases that cause damage due to environmental pollution and ecological destruction, except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations for environmental civil public interest litigation cases.

　　　　　　　　This interpretation does not apply to disputes over adjacent pollution infringement and disputes over workers’ pollution damage in their professional activities.

　　　　　　　　Article 19 After the implementation of this interpretation, the provisions of this interpretation shall apply to cases of first and second instance that have not been concluded by the people’s courts. This interpretation does not apply to cases that have already made effective judgments before the implementation of this interpretation, and if they are retried according to law after the implementation of this interpretation.

　　　　　　　　After the implementation of this interpretation, if the judicial interpretation previously promulgated by the Supreme People’s Court is inconsistent with this interpretation, it will no longer apply.　 　 　　

In November 2019, Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port launched the "5G+L4" smart heavy truck demonstration operation project (referred to as the demonstration project); In December 2021, Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port automatically drove heavy trucks to complete the transportation task of 40,000 TEUs in that year; In September, 2022, the pilot application of automatic driving for container horizontal transportation and port collection and distribution in Shanghai Port Area was approved, and the first batch of intelligent transportation pilot application projects (referred to as pilot projects) were approved by the Ministry of Transport …

Recently, the three-year development results of the demonstration project released by Shanghai show that up to now, the self-driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port have completed more than 4 million kilometers of test operation and transported more than 140,000 TEUs. Among them, the vehicle travels autonomously (without the intervention of the security officer) for more than 2000 kilometers. With the maturity of automatic driving technology, the promotion and application of automatic driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port are accelerating, and the port collection and transportation are continuously and efficiently served.

Improve operational efficiency and invest more than 60 vehicles by the end of next year.

According to the requirements of the pilot project, how will the self-driving heavy truck serve the collection and distribution of Yangshan Port in Shanghai Port? The relevant person in charge of Shanghai International Port (Group) Co., Ltd., the lead unit of the pilot project, told the reporter that in 2021, the container throughput of Shanghai Port exceeded 47 million TEUs, of which the container throughput of Yangshan Phase IV automated terminal exceeded 5.7 million TEUs, up 35.7% year-on-year. According to the planning of the pilot project, by the end of 2023, Shanghai will invest no less than 60 self-driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port-Donghai Bridge-Lingang Park, and the accumulated container collection and distribution volume will be no less than 300,000 TEUs.

"Promoting the application of self-driving heavy trucks will greatly improve the operational efficiency of Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port." Wang Rui, CEO of Shanghai Youdao Zhitu Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as Youdao Zhitu), an important participant in the pilot project, said that in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, it takes 90 seconds for a skilled truck driver to drive a heavy truck into the operation area, while it only takes 70 seconds to drive a heavy truck automatically. Based on 5G and V2X technologies, the automatic driving heavy truck in this port area has achieved centimeter-level positioning and accurate parking, and the success rate of warehousing has reached 100%. From parking and warehousing to loading and unloading trucks, to entering and leaving Donghai Bridge, automatic driving of heavy trucks has improved the working efficiency of the port area in many aspects.

Donghai Bridge is the only land passage in Yangshan Port Area, and its traffic efficiency is very important for the port development. "On the Donghai Bridge, Youdao Zhitu has realized the automatic driving of heavy trucks, with a speed of up to 80 kilometers per hour and a minimum distance of 15 meters, which effectively improves the transportation efficiency of the fleet, thus helping to alleviate traffic congestion." Wang Rui said.

Speed up the reduction of staff and test the vehicle’s "vision" to perceive objects 1 km away.

In July this year, the Traffic Police Corps of Shanghai Public Security Bureau issued a notice to implement the management of autonomous driving test lanes in Donghai Bridge. The relevant person in charge of the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission believes that it is difficult to achieve economic benefits if the number of safety personnel cannot be reduced. The test lane provides the necessary guarantee for the attrition test, which is of great significance for the popularization and application of automatic driving heavy trucks.

According to Wang Rui, according to the requirements of the pilot project, Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port will speed up the attrition test of the self-driving heavy truck queue and reduce the number of security officers equipped in some vehicles. By the end of this year, Youdao Zhitu will realize the formation of five self-driving heavy trucks on Donghai Bridge, among which only one safety officer is required for the first and second vehicles.

The reporter learned from the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission that the pilot project of reducing the number of employees of self-driving heavy trucks in Donghai Bridge will form a number of standards for communication, operation and management of self-driving heavy trucks, and accumulate valuable experience for formulating and implementing relevant laws and regulations.

There is no security officer in the car to take over at any time. How can the automatic driving system ensure the "zero mistakes" in the safe driving of the vehicle?

"As a manufacturer of self-driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, SAIC Hongyan Heavy Truck is based on advanced equipment such as visual perception system, laser radar system, millimeter-wave radar system, satellite and inertial navigation independently developed by Youdao Zhitu, with multi-dimensional and 360-degree perception. It can accurately perceive traffic participants within the range of 250 meters from front to back and 80 meters from left to right, and accurately identify and avoid pedestrians, vehicles and other obstacles." The relevant person in charge of SAIC Hongyan said.

The reporter learned that SAIC Hongyan and Youdao Zhitu belong to SAIC Group. Combined with the actual operation in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, the two parties have jointly sorted out 11 categories and 1216 failure modes of autopilot systems, and formed 758 fail-safe protection schemes, which have completed simulation and real vehicle testing. At present, the self-driving heavy truck in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port can "see clearly" objects 1 km away, and accurately identify 200-meter cones and 10-centimeter tiny objects.

Collecting and using the full stack of data to solve the bottleneck problem

Both demonstration projects and pilot projects are doing technical accumulation for the commercial operation of self-driving heavy trucks, thus promoting the solution of various bottleneck problems. There are complex weather conditions such as high temperature, typhoon, rain and fog in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, and the Donghai Bridge has a large traffic flow and many models, which bring certain challenges to the popularization and application of self-driving heavy trucks.

According to the division of labor of the pilot project, Youdao Zhitu will focus on solving the complex scenes composed of weather, roads, traffic participants and other factors, resulting in problems such as difficult perception, difficult decision-making and difficult control of automatic driving heavy trucks.

Collecting data is the first step. According to reports, at present, Youdao Zhitu has 40 self-driving heavy trucks tested in Donghai Bridge every day, of which 20 are tested all day. Through large-scale testing, Youdao Zhitu has accumulated massive operational data and further used the data to promote the upgrade of autonomous driving technology. Taking the Honghu platform as an example, Youdao Zhitu has used its operational data to upgrade its system for more than 90 times.

On the basis of accumulating and making full use of data, Youdao Zhitu and SAIC Hongyan will jointly promote the full-stack self-research of self-driving heavy trucks, and integrate the "soul" (technology) and "body" (vehicle) of self-driving.

"Full-stack self-research is an inevitable way determined by the data-driven model. Only by integrating data into vehicle design can we solve the long tail problem of automatic driving." Wang Rui believes that the full-stack self-research by heavy truck manufacturers and autonomous driving solution providers can better combine the perception, decision-making, control and implementation of autonomous driving technology.

At present, the pilot project is connecting information in series to form an information flow by opening up every related system in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, thus promoting the upgrading of autonomous driving technology and accelerating the commercialization of autonomous driving heavy trucks.

Last night, I was lying in bed, swiping the screen to complete the last purchase of the Double Eleven, and I was caught off guard by the fans that the draft of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Management Law (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Law") was released.

This morning, many friends of media reporters call me on WeChat and asked me to express my views. I read the draft for comments carefully and gave the following 14 points.

Viewpoint 1: The vaccine law is higher than the vaccine regulations and more comprehensive.

Previously, the most authoritative normative document in the field of vaccines was the State Council Order No.668 promulgated in 2005 and revised in 2016-Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Regulations"). After consulting a senior legal person, I learned that if the vaccine law is formally promulgated, it should be passed by the National People’s Congress and signed and promulgated by president, and its status is higher than the vaccine regulations.

As a practitioner in the field of vaccines, my ass determines my head. I support our country to regulate the production, circulation and vaccination of vaccines with proprietary laws on the basis of the existing drug administration law. This shows that the country attaches great importance to the vaccine as a special drug and public health, and it is a great opportunity for the development of the vaccine field. As a vaccine person, I also feel a great responsibility.

Both the Vaccine Regulations and the Vaccine Law regulate the two fields of vaccine circulation and vaccination. The Vaccine Law also puts forward many new requirements for production enterprises in the second to fourth chapters, and the ninth and tenth chapters also strengthen the definition of supervision and management and legal responsibility.

In the full text of the vaccine law, there is no mention of the relationship with the vaccine regulations. I wonder if it is an omission? According to my understanding, it should be that once the vaccine law is implemented, the vaccine regulations should be abolished.

Viewpoint 2: Vaccines are related to national security.

Article 1 [Legislative Purpose] This Law is formulated to ensure the safety, effectiveness and accessibility of vaccines, standardize vaccination, safeguard and promote public health and safeguard national security.

The first article of the Vaccine Law links vaccines with national security, which is an unprecedented formulation.

In fact, it is not surprising that vaccines mainly prevent infectious diseases.

Like smallpox, a deadly infectious disease of the reaper, it was eliminated by vaccination in the last century. Polio is also a disease that seriously endangers children’s health. At present, it has been eliminated by vaccination against polio in China. The next disease to be eliminated should be measles.

However, there is also an infectious disease that poses a great threat to life-influenza, and its vaccination rate in China is less than 2%. If a mutated influenza virus causes a global epidemic of plague, such vaccination rate can’t stop the pace of death at all. Especially this year, due to various accidents and poor coordination, the supply of influenza vaccine in China has been reduced by more than half compared with the same period of last year.

If an influenza pandemic really occurs this year, the serious shortage of influenza vaccine will lead to the epidemic situation being uncontrollable, and public health and the national economy are likely to be hit hard.

Therefore, linking vaccines with national security is by no means alarmist.

Viewpoint 3: Relevant definitions and terms need to be clarified.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases.

At the beginning of the formulation and revision of the Vaccine Regulations, vaccines were defined as: …… preventive biological products of vaccines. As you can see, there has been a phenomenon of using "vaccine" to explain vaccines, which is really inappropriate.

The definition of vaccine in vaccine law avoids the embarrassment of circular explanation, but this definition is still not perfect.

Are there only vaccines for preventive biological products? Actually, it is not.

China is a big country of hepatitis B. For babies whose mothers are carriers of hepatitis B, our strategy to prevent them from being infected with hepatitis B is to vaccinate them with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin also meets the definition of vaccine in the vaccine law here, but it is not a vaccine.

The essence of vaccine is to make the human body actively produce immunity against diseases, and its purpose is prevention for the time being, and it is likely to include treatment in the future.

Vaccines in the Vaccine Law should refer to vaccines for preventive use, so its definition is suggested to be changed to: …… preventive biological products used for human body to actively generate immunity.

The term [immunization] also appears in the definition of vaccine, and the other parts of the full text use [vaccination], so it is suggested to unify it into a more popular [vaccination]. In the full text, it is also suggested that [immunization program] be changed to [vaccination program] in a unified way.

Viewpoint 4: Vaccine classification should be simple and clear.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] Vaccines are divided into immunization programs and non-immunization programs.

Vaccines are divided into the first category and the second category in the vaccine regulations, and it is necessary to explain to the public what are the first and second categories. The new classification of vaccine law essentially corresponds to the second classification in the vaccine regulations, but it does not reduce the difficulty of understanding. It is necessary to explain what immunization planning is at the end of the full text.

China CDC has a National Immunization Planning Center. If vaccines are divided into immunization vaccines and non-immunization vaccines, then does the National Immunization Planning Center manage non-immunization vaccines?

In fact, whether it is the first type of vaccine/the second type of vaccine, or the immunization program vaccine/the non-immunization program vaccine, the vernacular is free vaccine/self-funded vaccine.

I strongly recommend that vaccine classification return to its essence and use the free vaccine/self-funded vaccine classification that can be seen by the public at a glance. Free vaccines can also be divided into: national free vaccines and local free vaccines (this concept corresponds to the national immunization program vaccine and other immunization programs vaccines in Article 36).

Viewpoint 5: Reward whistleblowers and avoid small evils from forming big evils.

Article 12 [Social Co-governance] Any organization or individual has the right to report illegal acts of vaccines, get information about vaccines from relevant departments according to law, and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

This time, there was a serious violation of regulations in the production process of Changchun Changsheng vaccine. It is said that after an insider reported it, the flight inspection of the relevant state departments finally confirmed the problem. However, its violation has existed for four years, and it has not been discovered during this period.

In my opinion, China should establish a system of rewarding whistleblowers (also called whistleblower system), and use 10% of the fine to reward whistleblowers, and publicize the rewards, but protect their privacy. Only in this way can enterprises be conscientious, abide by all kinds of rules and regulations on thin ice, and avoid doing evil from the source. Or once there is a small evil, it will be reported by insiders to avoid a small evil like Changchun Changsheng to develop a big evil.

Although China’s traditional culture does not encourage reporting, it is through reporting that vicious incidents like Changchun Changsheng were discovered. If there is no reporting system, many corrupt officials and moths will always be at large. In my opinion, as long as it is beneficial to the public interest, the report of corporate evil should be explicitly encouraged by the government, and the way to encourage it is to reward it heavily.

Viewpoint 6: Publicize the details in batches and give full play to the advantages of big data governance (the most important viewpoint of this article).

Twenty-fifth [vaccine batch issuance] batch issuing institutions shall publish the results of vaccine batch issuance in a timely manner for public inquiry.

The publication of batch issuance is very, very, very critical. However, if we only publicize whether the vaccine has been issued in batches, it is a step in the same place and does not jump out of the thinking mode of piecemeal treatment.

In order to ensure the quality of the vaccine and realize the survival of the fittest, I strongly suggest that the detailed test report of the vaccine, that is, the test value of each index (as detailed as the routine blood report), be publicized.

At present, most vaccines in China can be issued in batches. However, the indicators of vaccines issued in batches are also good or bad, some just pass the exam, and some are excellent. Who doesn’t want to get a vaccine with excellent indicators and appropriate prices?

As long as the batch inspection report of each batch of vaccines can be publicized, we can use the big data of thousands of batches of vaccine inspection reports every year to score each vaccine product of each manufacturer based on a scoring system, and the results can be provided to the public through WeChat applet for free inquiry.

When parents take their children to vaccinate, it will be no longer difficult to choose vaccines of various brands. Just take out your mobile phone and check the score calmly, and then make the most rational choice in combination with its price. A vaccine product with no price advantage and the lowest score will only be eliminated if it does not strive to improve the quality and reduce the cost.

People who often fly will use Fei Changzhun’s mobile APP. Among them, there are the punctuality data of major airlines’ flights. If the prices are similar, then passengers will definitely choose to avoid flights with low punctuality, right?

Through thorough data disclosure, we can play the invisible hand of market economy and force vaccine manufacturers to regard vaccine quality as their lifeline. In the past, enterprises passively accepted supervision, but now enterprises actively improve vaccine quality and reduce production costs in order to survive, which naturally improves the overall vaccine quality level in China. The regulatory measures and penalties set in the vaccine law to ensure the quality of vaccines are extremely expensive and the effect is difficult to guarantee. Is it really necessary?

Issuing test reports in public does not need to increase the cost (the data is ready-made), but it can greatly improve the level of social governance and reduce management expenses, and can completely become a model of government governance.

I really can’t think of any reason why the government doesn’t publicize the approval of the test report.

Viewpoint 7: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 39 [Vaccine Supply and Distribution] The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall supply vaccines to provincial disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the provisions of the procurement contract, and shall not supply vaccines to other units or individuals.

The holder of the vaccine marketing license is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the provincial disease prevention and control institutions, which are responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation units. Vaccine marketing license holders and provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, or entrust qualified distribution enterprises to distribute vaccines.

In the vaccine regulations, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines at their own expense to county-level CDC (free vaccines are supplied to provincial CDC); In the vaccine law, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines (including free vaccines and vaccines at their own expense) to provincial CDC.

I support this change, because it can make full use of the existing cold chain storage and distribution resources of provincial CDC and reduce the vaccine distribution cost of production enterprises.

However, a loophole that must be filled is that provincial CDC can not only entrust qualified enterprises to distribute vaccines, but also entrust them to store vaccines. All vaccine storage and distribution services are entrusted to enterprises, which provide one-stop service, which is convenient for supervision and can reduce the government’s investment in cold chain hardware for provincial CDC.

If this loophole is not filled, the provincial CDC will build a huge cold storage to store vaccines, and distribution companies often drive several huge refrigerated trucks to the CDC to extract vaccines, which brings inconvenience to the daily management of the CDC. Shanghai CDC has outsourced all storage and distribution services to qualified enterprises, so it is almost impossible and unnecessary to rebuild the cold storage.

It is mentioned in this clause that the provincial CDC is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation unit. Can the municipal CDC and the county CDC participate in this process? If they can’t participate, the cold chain equipment and managers of these two levels of vaccine storage and distribution will withdraw from the historical stage, which will have a great impact (especially the county-level CDC may have increased the investment in related software and hardware after 2016).

If only the provincial CDC can deliver the vaccine to the inoculation unit, does the provincial CDC have the ability to do it (especially in a vast area)? This must be investigated.

Viewpoint 8: The monitoring of vaccine transportation temperature should be based on science and should not encourage fraud.

Article 42 [Provisions on Vaccine Sales Records] … If the temperature monitoring records of this transportation process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased …

This clause will make the temperature record of vaccine transportation untrue.

It is difficult to avoid the actual vaccine exceeding 8 degrees during transportation. If a temperature record of 10 degrees is monitored, must such a vaccine be rejected? Is it necessary to be so strict?

Scientifically unnecessary. At present, it has been confirmed that the vaccine can tolerate a certain degree of high temperature exposure, which is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. Continuous exposure at 37 degrees for 12 hours will not lead to unqualified quality of any existing vaccine. All vaccines have been tested for thermal stability before going on the market.

Therefore, although it is necessary to monitor the temperature of vaccine storage, transportation and transportation, vaccines should never be rejected because of one or two overtemperatures, which will only lead to a large number of qualified vaccines being scrapped and a tight supply of vaccines; Or it is caused by the falsification of temperature monitoring records, and all parties are tacitly aware.

I suggest that the state collect the data of vaccine thermal stability test from vaccine manufacturers and make it public. If the vaccine is over-temperature during storage and transportation, it can be compared with the published data to determine whether it needs to be rejected or scrapped.

Electronic temperature monitoring data is still important, which can be used to find out the out-of-control links during storage and transportation, and then improve the temperature control of these links, but it should not be used as the final basis for judging whether the vaccine is rejected/scrapped.

In addition to electronic temperature monitoring, there is a more intuitive solution, which is the vaccine temperature label (VVM) highly recommended by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. By sticking VVM on the vaccine package, the high temperature exposure of the vaccine in the whole circulation process can be recorded, and it can be recognized by users with intuitive colors.

In the picture below, the earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia caused the house of vaccination clinic to be damaged, and the vaccine refrigerator or cold storage was cut off for many days. However, because the vaccines are all affixed with VVM, it is judged by naked eyes that the purple depth of the center square of VVM of OPV exceeds the surrounding purple, and the vaccine must be scrapped. Although the VVM of the other five vaccines also changed color, they did not exceed the limit, and these vaccines can be used. BCG (BCG) was scrapped directly because it was not affixed with VVM.

I think that China should actively promote the use of vaccine VVM. At present, the cost of single chip of VVM is around 0.5 yuan, which is unacceptable for some vaccines. However, VVM can be attached to the packaging of vaccines, that is, every 10 vaccines are attached to the packaging box, and the cost of a single vaccine is only 0.05 yuan.

With VVM, it is possible to judge whether it is necessary to reject/scrap vaccines by looking at VVM in the process of vaccine delivery and handover. VVM can filter out most of the occasional temperature exceeding the standard, and electronic temperature monitoring records can present real records, which can promote us to find the weak links of temperature control and improve them.

With VVM, the recipients can also intuitively see the temperature exposure of the vaccine from production to inoculation on themselves, without consulting the complicated electronic temperature monitoring records, so as to make the recipients feel at ease to inoculate the vaccine.

Viewpoint 9: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 43 [Destruction of Expired Vaccines] … Expired vaccines shall be uniformly registered and recovered by county-level disease prevention and control institutions …

For expired vaccines, management should be strengthened. However, the practice of recycling by county-level CDC seems professional, but it is the old road of closed management.

Any inoculation unit must be a medical institution, and medical institutions must implement the Regulations on the Management of Medical Wastes. Compared with various infectious wastes produced in clinic, expired vaccines are safer wastes. Expired vaccines can be treated in time through the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions, and can be recycled by county-level CDC without hoarding.

It is impossible for county-level CDC to recycle expired vaccines in real time, and the expired vaccines of vaccination units must be hoarded for a period of time before being recycled. The possibility of misuse cannot be ruled out by hoarding expired vaccines, so seemingly professional regulations will increase the risk of misuse of expired vaccines.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: Expired vaccines should be handed over to the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions for recycling in time and registered properly.

Viewpoint 10: The situation of vaccination units in the jurisdiction should be dynamically grasped and announced.

Article 48 [Conditions for Inoculation Units]　

It is suggested to add: each province should publicize the list of vaccination units (including unit name, address and contact number) on the website, and update it at least once every quarter.

Viewpoint 11: change the concept, not to complete the work, but to provide services.

Forty-ninth [vaccination responsibility area] vaccination units shall undertake the vaccination work of the national immunization program in the responsible area, and accept the technical guidance of the local disease prevention and control institutions and the supervision of the health administrative department.

The vaccination unit should undertake the vaccination of all vaccines, not just the national immunization program vaccine (that is, the national free vaccine). In addition, we should change our ideas and regard vaccination as a basic public health service for the public, so as to form a sense of serving people, instead of completing a cold job that must be completed by superiors.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: The vaccination unit shall provide vaccination services for the people in its jurisdiction and accept …

Viewpoint 12: It is the most appropriate for maternity hospitals to issue vaccination certificates.

Article 53 [Vaccination Certificate System] The State practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after the child is born, his guardian shall go to the vaccination unit where the child lives to undertake vaccination work to apply for a vaccination certificate for him.

The idea of applying for vaccination certificate after one month is quite outdated. There are several problems in this practice: first, the vaccination record is secondary registration, which is easy to make mistakes. Obstetric institutions are registered on specific documents, which are taken to the inoculation unit in the place of residence by parents and copied on the inoculation certificate; Second, the vaccination certificate is not the original vaccination record, and the legal evidence is not strong enough; Third, it is impossible to play the propaganda role of vaccination certificate.

At present, the hospital delivery rate of children in China is very high, and obstetric institutions are also officially recognized vaccination units. The BCG vaccine and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine vaccinated in obstetric institutions after birth should be registered on the vaccination certificate issued by obstetric institutions.

Shanghai, Hebei, Guangdong and other places have fully realized that maternity institutions have issued vaccination certificates and registered vaccines for newborns. There are a lot of knowledge and instructions on the vaccination certificate in Shanghai, which can be used as publicity materials to provide information for parents, rather than just recording vaccination information.

Viewpoint 13: Children who miss vaccination must be able to attend nursery school.

Article 54 [Inspection of Vaccination Certificate] When children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check the vaccination certificate. If children who have not been vaccinated according to the national immunization plan are found, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in the vaccination unit in time after the children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, unless they cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.

Many professionals and the public mistakenly believe that missed vaccines are not allowed to enter kindergarten. This article emphasizes that missed vaccines should be replanted after entering kindergarten, which is very good, but it is suggested to emphasize that children should not be restricted from entering kindergarten because of missed vaccines.

Viewpoint 14: Respect science and take public health as the first goal.

Article 90 [Punishment for Illegal Inoculation] If the inoculation personnel violate the vaccination norms during the inoculation process, causing serious consequences, the health administrative department at or above the county level shall give a warning or order them to suspend their practice activities for more than six months but less than one year; If the circumstances are serious, his practice certificate shall be revoked; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

The key to this clause is how to define the violation of [vaccination norms].

Vaccination norms include normative documents with different sources and authorities. Take influenza vaccination norms as an example:

Egg allergy is taboo in the instructions of most influenza vaccines, but the latest influenza vaccine guide document of China CDC points out that the 2015 edition of Pharmacopoeia has cancelled the taboo of egg allergy, and foreign studies have also proved that egg allergy is not a contraindication for influenza vaccine inoculation.

In other words, the taboo in the manual is set incorrectly. So, can the vaccination doctor vaccinate people who are allergic to eggs with flu vaccine?

At present, there are a large number of clauses with China characteristics lacking scientific basis in China’s vaccination standards. The general starting point of these clauses is to avoid getting into trouble for yourself, not to put public health first. If such vaccination norms are taken as the basis of punishment, it will lead to the tragedy in Dying to Survive.

Personally, I suggest that this excessively severe penalty be abolished. In reality, if there is a vaccination error or accident, the parties will be punished to some extent, and there is no need to increase the penalty.

Authors: Vaccine and Science, Tao Lina, a vaccine expert, a member of China Medical Media Alliance, and an author of er interesting science in medical education.

Disclaimer: My medical science is used to guide the public to establish a scientific understanding of health and avoid being misled by mistakes and rumors. The contents of popular science are personal opinions, for reference only, and have nothing to do with my employer. If my popular science content is wrong, please leave a message and tell me. I am very willing to verify and correct it. Some pictures are from the Internet. If your copyright is involved, please contact me to delete them.

　　Guangdong actively explores "industrial internet plus’s safe production", and around the goal of "comprehensively strengthening the safety management and control of key vehicles by using intelligent and informational means", Guangdong fully promotes the construction of an intelligent monitoring and early warning integration platform for key vehicles with "two passengers, one danger and one heavy cargo", realizes "six breakthroughs" and makes great efforts to solve the difficult problem of road transportation safety supervision.

　　Realize a new breakthrough in intelligent supervision ability

　　Using face recognition and other technical means, the driver’s unsafe driving behavior is intelligently analyzed and automatically and in real time warned. Access the real-time monitoring data of the vehicle to realize the visible and controllable running trajectory, speed and unsafe driving behavior of the driver.

　　Achieve a new breakthrough in data fusion and sharing

　　It is the first in China to organically integrate the data of road transport enterprises, third-party institutions, public security, transportation and other regulatory departments to build a risk analysis model. Push the risk analysis weekly report to the relevant regulatory authorities and personnel through "Guangdong Government Easy" to solve the problem of scattered data and separate departments.

　　Achieve a new breakthrough in early warning information processing

　　Through the construction of an early warning monitoring center, a special person will be on duty all day, tracking and handling the early warning information of high-risk vehicles and dynamically upgrading the degree of intervention, focusing on solving the problem that key vehicles are "no one is in charge of enterprises and the government can’t manage them".

　　Achieve a new breakthrough in risk analysis and prevention and control

　　By establishing and gradually iteratively upgrading the risk intelligent calculation model, the risk score of each road transport enterprise and vehicle can be accurately calculated, and the risks of transport vehicles, enterprises and drivers can be dynamically ranked, and the real-time synchronous sharing of departmental information can be realized through big data center and "Guangdong Government Easy".

　　Achieve a new breakthrough in expanding supervision and improving efficiency

　　At present, the integration platform has achieved "full coverage" of vehicle data of "two passengers and one danger" and electronic waybill management of dangerous goods in the province, and has access to satellite positioning data of about 760,000 key vehicles operating in Guangdong throughout the country, so as to realize positioning early warning such as vehicle speeding. The Provincial Department of Transportation deployed the intelligent video installation of 325,000 heavy trucks in the province. The Provincial Public Security Department promoted the construction of 19 inter-provincial highway checkpoints and 25 law enforcement checkpoints in key service areas, so as to improve the law enforcement investigation rate of preview information pavement.

　　Realize the main responsibility and make a new breakthrough.

　　Use "Guangdong Business Connect" to connect enterprise data, realize direct access to risk information, and get through the "last mile" of supervision. After the integration platform was officially launched on February 3, the first "ticket" was issued to road transport enterprises: the driver of a company in Huizhou had serious unsafe driving behavior, and after being monitored and warned by the integration platform, the company fined him 1800 yuan.

　　Through practical application, the application object of monitoring data is gradually covered from "single vehicle" to "people, vehicles and enterprises", the management link is extended from "accountability afterwards" to "prevention beforehand", the management means is upgraded from "crowd tactics" to "technical defense tactics", the law enforcement supervision is linked from "on-site law enforcement" to "online and offline", and the management purpose is changed from "violation handling" to ".

　　Yesterday, a message that "Ali programmers were fired for taking advantage of loopholes to grab mooncakes" sparked a heated discussion on the Internet. It is understood that on September 12, Alibaba sold surplus moon cakes to employees at cost price through the intranet, and temporarily developed an internal booking page. Subsequently, four employees of the company’s security department wrote a program to "swipe the bill" and brushed 124 boxes of moon cakes, which was why they were dismissed.

　　Yesterday, regarding the dismissal of four people, Alibaba responded that the four employees’ actions "violated their job responsibilities and used tools to cheat" touched the red line of integrity. At present, all four employees involved have left their jobs.

　　After the incident, a self-proclaimed employee’s account posted that he was somewhat "blind" after experiencing this incident. The employee said that after the "spike" mooncake activity started on the afternoon of the 12th, he clicked on the page and found that he couldn’t grab it, so he "wrote a js (scripting language running on the browser)" to participate in the "brushing".

　　The employee explained in the post that the function of this code is: if the button becomes "spike", it will be crazy, and then (use the program) to process the verification code. In the end, the employee used the program to rob 16 items, but he found that these items were not paid. Subsequently, the employee called the company’s administrative department in the hope of returning the order. But what made him "unprepared" was that in the afternoon, the relevant departments of the company "interviewed" several employees involved and proposed to cancel the contract.

　　After the incident was exposed, many netizens discussed it. Some people say that it is inappropriate for the employees involved to use the procedure to "swipe the bill", while others think that whether the company dismisses employees in this way violates the relevant provisions of the labor law.

　　On the afternoon of the 13th, Alibaba Company responded to the "moon cake spike incident in the intranet", saying that due to welfare considerations, the company’s administrative department decided to sell a few surplus moon cakes to employees at cost price through the intranet, and temporarily developed an internal reservation page.

　　According to the response, during the domestic sales of moon cakes, the company found that four staff members "cheated by technical means and brushed 124 boxes of moon cakes in total", and then the company made a "decision to ask them (the employees involved) to leave the company".

　　Regarding the reasons for dismissal, the response stated that "the employees of the Ministry of Security, as defenders of the platform rules, violated their job responsibilities and used tools to cheat, which touched the red line of integrity."

　　In this regard, lawyer Han Xiao of Beijing Kangda Law Firm said, "Honesty or not is not the basis for the employer to unilaterally terminate the labor contract as stipulated in the relevant laws and regulations of the labor law." Han Xiao added that Article 39 of the Labor Contract Law stipulates that if a worker seriously violates the rules and regulations of the employer, the employer may terminate the labor contract. But in this case, whether the programmer’s behavior is a serious violation of the rules and regulations of the employer depends on how the company’s internal rules and regulations are stipulated.

　　"If the employee’s breach of integrity is clearly defined as a serious violation of discipline, the company can dismiss several employees involved according to internal regulations and relevant provisions of the labor law. On the other hand, if the company does not stipulate whether the employee’s breach of integrity is a serious violation of discipline, the company’s unilateral termination of the labor contract violates the relevant provisions of the labor law and is an illegal termination of the labor contract. " Han Xiao added.

　　It is understood that the four employees currently involved have terminated their labor contracts with the company, and the resignation procedures have been completed.

　　Text/reporter Zhang Ya

　　Cctv newsOn December 14th, the State Post Bureau issued a reminder about the service consumption of express delivery business in peak season. The website of China Meteorological Bureau showed that there were small to medium snow or sleet in many places in the north. Beginning on December 14th, snowfall will gradually move southward, with heavy snow in parts of central Inner Mongolia, eastern Jilin, eastern Liaoning, southeastern Shaanxi, most of Huanghuai and northwestern Hubei, among which there are heavy snow in parts of eastern Jilin, eastern Liaoning, southeastern Shaanxi, eastern and southern Henan.

　　Affected by the above weather, the express delivery operation is more difficult, and the road traffic in some areas is blocked, which may lead to the extension of the express delivery service. According to the State Post Bureau, due to the superposition of factors such as the "Double 12" delivery service and the rainy and snowy weather, the delivery pressure of express mail transportation in some areas has increased. Consumers are requested to be more tolerant of the courier brother and understand the express delay that may occur in some areas.

Today is a model. Let’s take a look at it together.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of Ruifeng M3 gives people a very unique feeling and looks more fashionable and concise. Coupled with the headlights of fashion sports, the shape is very eye-catching. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, etc. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 5145 mm * 1765 mm * 1900 mm. The car adopts simple lines, and the side wall presents a domineering and stylish design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is eye-catching. In the rear design, the overall shape of the rear of Ruifeng M3 echoes the front face, and the taillights look very cold. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, the sense of neatness is vivid.

Sitting in the car, the interior design of Ruifeng M3 is round and lovely, which makes it very comfortable. The steering wheel design of the car is very soft, and it is made of imitation leather, which is full of design sense. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a young touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design layered and gives people a clean feeling. The interior feels good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents an elegant design style, which is very eye-catching. The car uses a fabric seat, equipped with functions such as proportional reclining of the seat, and it is basically enough for daily use.

The car is equipped with rear wiper, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), Bluetooth /WIFI connection, cruise control, voice control and other configurations, which is quite rich in functions, which is undoubtedly very friendly to drivers.

What’s your main impression of this car after reading the whole article? This class of cars is usually the first choice for most people. First of all, the price is not expensive, and secondly, all the configurations are quite complete, which is still very worth starting with.