Zheng Xue Fei Teng | Wen

After entering the year end, major express delivery companies have closed down one after another. For hands-chopping people, who is used to "shipping in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai" and "ordering immediately and delivering on the same day", the express delivery suddenly closed down, and life seems to be extremely inconvenient. If you want to buy something online, you have to wait for years before it can be delivered.

This inconvenience often makes people think, perhaps before the rise of express delivery, what kind of logistics system did our parents experience? Twenty years ago, what kind of material transfer did people need to go through to get their favorite items? Even further back, in ancient China, how did the ancients achieve efficient logistics?

The "Luhe Duyun Map" painted by Jiang Xuan, a painter in Qing Dynasty (partially), shows the grand occasion of Tongzhou water transport.

Reasonable organization of transportation

China’s ancient thought of "logistics" has a long history. Although the so-called "logistics" here is very different from today’s concept, literally, for the effective flow of "things", various governments have designed a series of systems.

Due to the great differences in scenery in different regions within the unified empire, as Sang Hongyang said in the Western Han Dynasty: "The bamboo of wuyue, the material of Sui and Tang Dynasties, cannot be used … while Zou, Lu, Zhou, Han, and Chenopodium are not unique, and the few are not unique." In order to balance the products in different regions of China, rich logistics means came into being.

In ancient Chinese, the logistics capacity was improved mainly from the aspects of transportation tools, checkpoint roads, transportation organization, transportation system and goods storage. The first two are easy to understand, and we mainly focus on them today.Transportation organization, system and storage.

The ancient people only had two modes of transportation: water transportation and land transportation. Among them, land transportation certainly existed, otherwise the golden sentence "Riding a princess in the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi" could not be written. Different from this small and refined transportation, more often the transportation scale is extremely large, so it is necessary to carry the task by the caravan camel team that shuttles between mountains and rivers and deserts.

Generally speaking, water transport actually played a more important role in ancient times. Especially in the farming era, grain, as a very important resource, is often located in the capital and grain-producing areas.

A ride to the smoke and smoke billowing smile, no one knew that the south sent the fresh fruit of litchi.

In order to transport grain effectively, the ancients also designed a set of transportation organization, in which important strategies such as setting up warehouses along the river and transporting in sections were adopted. During the period of Tang Gaozong, when transporting grain to Chang ‘an, all localities had to cross the Huaihe River into the Yellow River via Bianshui, and finally arrived in Chang ‘an. However, the Yellow River is dangerous and difficult to sail, especially in Sanmenxia area. According to the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, in order to solve this problem, in the late Kaiyuan period, Prime Minister Pei Yaoqing changed direct transportation to feeder transportation, and set up river warehouses in various river sections. "The general principle of water runs with the proximity, and it is accommodated in the warehouse when it is impassable. It does not delay the ship far away, and it does not worry about long-term consumption, which is more than twice as beneficial as long-term transportation in the open year."

The scene of the Qing Dynasty post station exhibited in the Postal Museum.

Sectional transportation took place after the Anshi Rebellion. According to the different water potentials of the Canal, Huaihe River, Bianhe River, Yellow River and Weihe River, Prime Minister Liu Yan adopted different sizes of ships for sectional transportation. This situation is recorded in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty: "River boats don’t enter the Bian River, Bian boats don’t enter the river, and river boats don’t enter the Weihe River; The transportation of the south of the Yangtze River accumulates in Yangzhou, the transportation of the Bianhe River accumulates in the shade of the river, the transportation of the river boat accumulates in Weikou, and the transportation of the boat into Taicang. At the age of one, 1.1 million stones were transferred, and no one was drowned. " At that time, in order to facilitate the loading and unloading during transshipment and salvage in the water, the goods were also changed to bags.

Oriental IC Data Map of Tongxing Escort Agency in Pingyao Ancient City

Transportation system

In addition to the effective organization of transportation behavior on the transportation distance, the ancient government was also very good at mobilizing private forces to join the transportation and formulating corresponding institutional measures to promote transportation. The system of each dynasty was complicated and varied, and it was often further improved on the experience of the previous generation.

In Salt and Iron Theory, it is recorded that Sang Hongyang’s "equal loss" system in the Western Han Dynasty, that is, all the tributes should have been sent to Beijing, and the central government sent equal loss officials to all the places. After checking the tributes that must be delivered, all the other tributes were sold at market prices. In this way, it not only eliminates the need for freight transportation, but also enables the government to earn profits from it, thus forming an effective government-run commercial network throughout the country.

Part of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. In ancient times, pack transportation was an important mode of transportation.

When Zhou Chen, a famous minister of Yongle Dynasty in Ming Dynasty, became the governor of Jiangnan, there were both military and pro-democracy movements when Jiangnan grain was transported to Beijing. The government set a certain amount of "rice consumption" in addition to the "rice consumption" (grain and rice levied to make up for transportation losses and expenses). Because rats and birds eat rice, float in the water and rot in the process of transportation, the losses often exceed the given amount of "rice consumption", which makes the burden of the people carrying husbands heavy.

To this end, Zhou Chen reformed the transportation system, replacing the original three grain chiefs and deputy grain chiefs from each township with one grain chief and one deputy grain chief to take turns to transport grain to Beijing. Further change the original separation of military transport and democracy movement into military-civilian exchange transport. Jiangnan rice was transported to Huai ‘an or Guazhou by the people’s movement, and then transported to Tongzhou by the army, thus reducing the consumption of rice in water transportation.

With the increase of population, demand and the development of water transport in the capital, there were also professional transport households and specialized transport intermediaries in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which were called "tooth people". According to scholars’ research, in order to find reliable shippers to deliver goods, shippers at that time needed to be introduced by people, otherwise, it would be easy to steal goods and even steal them to escape. Tooth people act as middlemen for water transport professionals and shippers.

Goods storage

Efficient logistics, on the one hand, depends on the convenience of transportation, and on the other hand, it is inseparable from the nearby goods storage. "Nearby storage" has become another important part of China’s ancient logistics thought. It is worth noting that the so-called "warehouse" and "warehouse" have a special distinction. The warehouse is used for storing grain, while the warehouse keeps other materials.

In Mozi’s era, due to the consideration of war, the perennial accumulation in the city was emphasized. In Mozi Banner, there are "all the methods of guarding the city, stones have accumulated, firewood has accumulated, management has accumulated, reeds have accumulated, wood has accumulated, charcoal has accumulated, sand has accumulated, pines and cypresses have accumulated, Peng Ai has accumulated, hemp has accumulated, and gold and iron have accumulated."

This is in view of the preparations for the war in the city. Due to the status of the royal family and "just need", the initial storage was concentrated in the capital. Geng Shouchang, a senior farmer in the Western Han Dynasty, clearly opposed this arrangement. He suggested that "all the border counties should build warehouses" and opposed the grain storage being too concentrated in the capital and leading to the establishment of warehouses.

Founded in the 23rd year of Qianlong (1758), Jichang granary in Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang.

In Zi Zhi Tong Jian, there is also Emperor Yangdi’s idea that "it is better to accumulate in people than to have a treasury". By the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong, a politician who laid the foundation for the Yuan system and today’s capital city of Beijing, put forward the idea that "it is better to take advantage of the near warehouse and lose" in view of the phenomenon that "grain is far away from the warehouse, and there is one waste of ten".

Looking at the warehouses scattered all over the country, we can also find that three principles were basically valued when building warehouses in ancient dynasties: convenient transportation, setting up nearby, and relying on mountains and rivers.

references

Su Kewu: China’s Ancient Logistics Thought (Historical Monthly, No.3, 1998).

In 2019, the Central Rural Work Conference, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee and the spirit of the National "Two Sessions" will be implemented, and the structural reform of the agricultural supply side will be further promoted around the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. The state will continue to increase investment in supporting agriculture, strengthen overall planning and integration of projects, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In order to facilitate the broad masses of farmers and all sectors of society to understand the national policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and give play to the role of policy guidance, the key agricultural support policies implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance in 2019 are hereby released as follows.

I. Development and circulation of agricultural production

1. Cultivated land fertility protection subsidies. In principle, the subsidy object is farmers who have the right to contract cultivated land. Subsidy funds are directly paid to households through the form of "one card (discount)". All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) continue to determine the subsidy object, subsidy method and subsidy standard in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture on Comprehensively Pushing Forward the Reform of "Three Subsidies" in Agriculture (Cai Nong [2016] No.26) and in combination with local conditions, so as to maintain the continuity and stability of policies and ensure the direct benefit of farmers. Encourage all localities to innovate ways and means, take green ecology as the guide, explore the mechanism of linking subsidy distribution with the implementation of farmland protection responsibility, and guide farmers to consciously improve farmland fertility.

2. Agricultural machinery purchase subsidies. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall select and determine the items of subsidized machines and tools in the province within the category of subsidized machines and tools purchased by the central government, and the machines and tools within the scope of subsidies shall be supplemented, giving priority to ensuring the subsidies for machines and tools needed for the production of major agricultural products such as grain and supporting the green development of agriculture, and increasing the items of machines and tools for the resource utilization of livestock manure. Treat the purchase of agricultural machinery products at home and abroad equally. The amount of subsidy is calculated according to the average market sales price of the same product in the previous year, and the calculation ratio is not more than 30% in principle.

3. Advantages and characteristics lead the development of industries. Focusing on the leading industries with regional advantages and characteristics, we will focus on developing a number of small but sophisticated characteristic industrial clusters, and demonstrate and guide the development of one village, one product, one town, one specialty and one county. Select 200 geographical indication agricultural products with distinctive geographical characteristics, development potential and high market recognition to carry out protection and promotion. We will implement green recycling, high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural promotion projects, and form a number of agricultural industrial clusters based on the industrial chain of production, processing, circulation and sales of green and high-quality agricultural products, integrating scientific and technological innovation, leisure and sightseeing, and planting and breeding. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

4. National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park. Based on advantageous and characteristic industries, we will build a modern agricultural industrial cluster with large-scale planting and breeding bases as the support, leading industrialized enterprises as the driving force, modern production factors as the gathering, and "production+processing+technology". In 2019, we will continue to create a number of national modern agricultural industrial parks, select a number of national modern agricultural industrial parks, and strive to improve the infrastructure conditions of industrial parks and enhance public service capabilities. The provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) are responsible for the creation work, and the central government will arrange part of the subsidy funds that meet the conditions for creation, and then arrange part of the bonus funds according to the situation after being recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance.

5. Demonstration of agricultural industry strengthening the town. Take the villages and towns with active local economy and obvious rural industrial characteristics as the carrier, take industrial integration and development as the path, cultivate local economy and rural industries, standardize and expand the main body of production and operation, innovate the mechanism of farmers’ interest connection and sharing, and build a number of strong agricultural towns with prosperous industries, economic prosperity, green beauty and livable industries. The central government supports it by arranging bonus funds.

6. Information enters villages and households to promote demonstrations throughout the province. In 2019, seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) including Tianjin, Hebei, Fujian, Shandong, Hunan, Guangxi and Yunnan were supported to carry out demonstrations. Accelerate the construction and operation of Yi Nong Information Society, and build and repair the "information superhighway" covering rural areas, based on agriculture and serving farmers as soon as possible. Information into the village to take market-oriented construction and operation, the central government to give a one-time award.

7. Dairy industry revitalization action. Focus on supporting the development of high-quality forage planting, family pastures and dairy cooperatives that restrict the development of dairy industry. Accelerate the development of grass and animal husbandry, actively promote grain to feed, vigorously develop the production of high-quality forage materials such as alfalfa, silage corn and oatmeal, and promote the increase of fresh milk output and quality improvement. Incorporate dairy farmers’ development of family farms and dairy cooperatives into the cultivation project of new business entities for priority support and support the construction of high-quality milk source bases. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

8. Promotion of improved livestock breeds. In eight major grassland and pastoral provinces, such as Inner Mongolia and Sichuan, subsidies will be given to beef cattle farms (communities and households) that use improved semen to carry out artificial insemination in the project area, as well as farmers who can breed ewes and yaks and cows. Encourage and support the popularization and application of excellent breeding pigs and semen, and accelerate the improvement of pig varieties. In 10 provinces where bee owners produce bees, such as Heilongjiang and Jiangsu, we will implement the action of improving the quality of bee industry and support the construction of high-efficiency and high-quality bee industry development demonstration zones. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

9. Green, high-quality and efficient actions for key crops. Taking key counties as units, we will highlight the three major grains of rice, wheat and corn and oil crops such as soybeans, rape and peanuts, integrate and promote the "all-link" green, high-quality and efficient technology model, explore the construction of "all-process" socialized service system and "all-industrial chain" production model, and promote the production level of "county-wide" by radiation to increase the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

10. Socialization service of agricultural production. Support rural collective economic organizations, specialized agricultural service organizations, service-oriented farmers’ cooperatives, supply and marketing cooperatives and other entities that have certain capabilities and can provide effective and stable services, and provide agricultural productive services such as agricultural technology promotion, land custody, farming and planting, unified prevention and control, drying and storage for farmers engaged in the production of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar. Appropriate financial subsidies will be given to reduce the service prices of farmers.

11. Agricultural machinery subsoiling. Support suitable areas to carry out subsoiling and soil preparation of agricultural machinery. The national working area is more than 140 million mu, and the working depth is generally required to reach or exceed 25 cm, breaking the bottom of the plow. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government. According to the actual needs of agricultural production, the four northeastern provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region can carry out subsidies for deep ploughing (deep ploughing) of agricultural machinery in suitable areas.

12 farmland rotation fallow system pilot. In 2019, the central government supported the pilot area of rotation fallow for 30 million mu. Among them, the pilot project of crop rotation is 25 million mu, which is mainly implemented in the soybean, peanut and rape producing areas in the cold northeast region, the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Yangtze River basin; The pilot project of fallow is 5 million mu, which is mainly implemented in groundwater overexploitation area, heavy metal pollution area, rocky desertification area in southwest China and serious ecological degradation area in northwest China.

13. Awards for major grain-producing counties. Rewards will be given to regular grain-producing counties, super-grain-producing counties, oil-producing counties, commodity grain-producing counties, seed-producing counties and provinces where the "Quality Grain Project" is implemented. As a general transfer payment, the incentive funds for conventional grain-producing counties are arranged by the people’s government at the county level as a whole; Other incentive funds are used to support the development of grain and oil industry in accordance with relevant regulations.

14 pigs (cattle and sheep) out of the county awards. Including pigs transferred out of big counties, cattle and sheep transferred out of big counties and provincial-level overall incentive funds. The county-level people’s government will make overall arrangements for the pig (cattle and sheep) production and circulation and industrial development in this county, and the provincial-level people’s government will make overall arrangements for the pig (cattle and sheep) production and circulation and industrial development in this province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government).

15. Subsidies for corn, soybeans and rice producers. Subsidies for corn and soybean producers were implemented in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. The central government will allocate subsidies for corn and soybean producers to provinces and regions, and local governments will formulate specific measures for the implementation of subsidies, clarify subsidy standards, subsidy targets, subsidy basis, etc., and be responsible for paying subsidy funds to corn and soybean producers. In order to support the deepening of the reform of rice storage system and price formation mechanism and ensure the basic stability of farmers’ income from grain production, the state continues to give appropriate subsidies to the major rice-producing provinces.

Second, the protection and utilization of agricultural resources

16 grassland ecological protection subsidies and awards. In Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other eight provinces (autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, subsidies for grazing prohibition and rewards for balancing grass and livestock were implemented; In Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Heilongjiang Provincial Land Reclamation Bureau, the "package" policy and performance evaluation awards will be implemented. The supplementary award funds can be used for grassland ecological protection construction in pastoral and semi-pastoral counties of the country as a whole, and the good practices of the first round of policies can also be continued.

17. Fishery proliferation and release. Carry out fishery proliferation and release in key water areas such as river basins, rivers and seas with serious resource degradation, promote the recovery or increase of fishery population, improve and optimize the fishery population structure in water areas, and realize the sustainable development of fishery.

18 fishery development and ship scrapping, dismantling and updating subsidies. In accordance with the requirements of balanced and coordinated development of marine fishing intensity and resource regeneration capacity, we will support fishermen to reduce ships and switch to production and build artificial reefs to promote the restoration of fishery ecological environment. In order to adapt to the new situation of modernization and specialization of fishery development, under the premise of strictly controlling the "double control" index of the number and power of marine fishing boats and not increasing the fishing intensity, there are plans to upgrade and transform standardized fishing boats with good selectivity, high efficiency, energy saving, safety and environmental protection. At the same time, support the promotion of deep-water cages, navigation AIDS in fishing ports and other public infrastructure to improve the basic conditions for fishery development.

19. Compensation for prohibited fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin. The central government adopts a combination of one-time subsidies and transitional subsidies to support the ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River basin, and promote the restoration of aquatic biological resources and the ecological environment of waters. Among them, the one-time subsidy is used by the local authorities to recover fishermen’s fishing rights and scrap special production equipment, and is directly distributed to eligible fishermen who have retired. Transitional subsidies are used by all localities as a whole for the work directly related to the ban on arrest, such as propaganda and mobilization, early withdrawal of rewards, strengthening law enforcement management, and emergency response to emergencies.

20. Action of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer for fruit, vegetable and tea. Select key counties, support farmers and new agricultural operators to use the organic fertilizer generated by the resource utilization of livestock manure, focus on popularizing the technical modes such as returning compost to the field, applying commercial organic fertilizer, returning biogas residue and biogas slurry to the field, and covering with natural grass, and explore a number of production and operation modes such as "fruit biogas livestock", "vegetable biogas livestock" and "tea biogas livestock" to promote the quality improvement and resource recycling of fruits, vegetables and tea.

21. Pilot project of comprehensive utilization of crop straw. Promote the whole county nationwide, adhere to agricultural priority and diversified utilization, cultivate a number of industrialized utilization subjects, and build a number of model counties with full utilization. Stimulate the vitality of market players in all aspects of straw returning, leaving the field, processing and utilization, and explore the technical route, model and mechanism of comprehensive utilization of straw that can be popularized and sustainable.

22. Resource treatment of livestock manure. Support large animal husbandry counties to carry out the resource utilization of livestock manure, and realize the full coverage of the whole county governance for the resource utilization of livestock manure in large animal husbandry counties. In accordance with the principle of government support, enterprise as the main body and market-oriented operation, taking local and nearby use of rural energy and agricultural organic fertilizer as the main utilization mode, new (expanded) treatment facilities for livestock manure collection and utilization, as well as regional centralized manure treatment centers and large-scale biogas projects will be built, so that all large-scale farms can realize manure treatment and resource utilization, and an industrial pattern of combining agriculture with animal husbandry and recycling development will be formed.

23. Plastic film recycling. Support 100 counties in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang to promote the recycling of waste plastic films, and encourage other regions to carry out independent exploration. Support the establishment of a sound recycling and processing system for waste plastic films, establish recycling mechanisms in various ways, such as handing in business entities, organizing recycling by specialized organizations, recycling by processing enterprises, and exchanging old ones for new ones, and explore the extended responsibility system for plastic film producers who produce and recycle.

24. Comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation. Taking Heilonggang River Basin in Hebei Province as the focus, we will carry out the adjustment of planting structure with fallow as the focus, popularize agronomic water-saving measures such as water and fertilizer integration, rainwater harvesting on greenhouse surface, moisture measurement irrigation, drought-resistant and water-saving varieties, and establish a semi-fallow system for dry farming and rain-fed planting.

25. Comprehensive management of cultivated land polluted by heavy metals. Focusing on Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area in Hunan Province, strengthen the monitoring of heavy metals in producing areas and products, popularize VIP (variety substitution, irrigation water source purification, pH value adjustment) and other technical models for the safe utilization of polluted farmland, and explore replicable and scalable models for the safe utilization of polluted farmland. Carry out the adjustment of planting structure and implement the pilot project of fallow of cultivated land.

Third, farmland construction

26. Construction of high-standard farmland. In 2019, in accordance with the five unified requirements of "unified planning and layout, unified construction standards, unified organization and implementation, unified acceptance and assessment, and unified warehousing", more than 80 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built nationwide, and it will be tilted to grain production functional areas and important agricultural products production protection areas. In terms of construction content, in accordance with the General Rules for the Construction of High-standard Farmland, focusing on land leveling, soil improvement, farmland water conservancy, mechanized roads and farmland power transmission and distribution equipment, we will promote the "mechanized" transformation of cultivated land, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and implement the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology".

27. Protection and utilization of black land in Northeast China. It will be implemented in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, and a centralized contiguous demonstration zone will be established to showcase a number of black land protection and utilization models. Support the development of technical and engineering measures such as controlling black soil loss, increasing soil organic matter content, conserving water and fertilizer, raising black soil, and monitoring and evaluating cultivated land quality. Encourage new agricultural business entities and social service organizations to undertake implementation tasks.

Fourth, agricultural science and technology personnel support

28. Capacity-building of farmers’ cooperatives and family farms. Support the high-quality development of demonstration cooperatives and farmers’ cooperative unions at or above the county level, and cultivate a large number of family farms with moderate scale. Support farmers’ cooperatives and family farms to build primary processing facilities such as cleaning, packaging, cold storage and drying, and carry out "three products and one standard" and brand building to improve product quality and safety and market competitiveness.

29. Agricultural credit guarantee service. Focus on serving family farms, farmers’ cooperatives, agricultural socialized service organizations, small and micro agricultural enterprises and other agricultural moderate-scale business entities. Give full play to the role of the national agricultural credit guarantee system, focusing on agricultural and forestry advantageous industries such as grain production, animal husbandry and aquaculture, vegetable and fruit tea, agricultural socialized services such as agricultural materials, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology, farmland infrastructure, and new rural formats such as the integration and development of rural primary and secondary industries, precision poverty alleviation projects, family leisure agriculture and sightseeing agriculture. Support all localities to adopt ways such as guarantee fee subsidies and business awards to reduce the financing cost of moderate-scale business entities and solve the problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing for agricultural business entities.

30. Cultivation of new professional farmers. Focus on agricultural professional managers, modern young farmers, rural practical talents leaders, the backbone of new agricultural business entities, and the poverty alleviation targets of agricultural industries, and improve their production skills and management level. Support capable farmers’ cooperatives, professional and technical associations, leading agricultural enterprises and other subjects to undertake training work.

31. Reform and construction of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system. Support agricultural counties with high willingness to implement and good tasks to undertake the task of system reform and construction, strengthen the construction of rural service system for agriculture, improve the service ability and level of grassroots agricultural technicians, and popularize and apply a number of major technical models that meet the requirements of high quality, safety, cost saving and efficiency improvement and green development. In poverty-stricken areas, we will fully implement the special appointment plan for agricultural extension services, and recruit a group of special agricultural technicians from local agricultural experts, experts in planting and breeding, technical backbones of new agricultural business entities, and front-line service personnel of scientific research and teaching units to provide strong support for industrial poverty alleviation.

V. Agricultural disaster prevention and reduction

32. Agricultural production for disaster relief. The central government gives appropriate subsidies to the prevention and control of major agricultural natural disasters and biological disasters, emergency relief and post-disaster recovery. The scope of support includes subsidies for materials needed for the prevention and control of major natural disasters and biological disasters in agriculture, subsidies for materials needed for measures to restore agricultural production, harmless treatment fees for dead animals after disasters, and subsidies for straw sheds (warehouses), livestock greenhouses and emergency forage materials needed for disaster prevention and livestock protection in pastoral areas.

33. Prevention and control of animal diseases. The central government grants subsidies for compulsory immunization, compulsory culling and harmless treatment of animal diseases. Compulsory immunization subsidy funds are mainly used to carry out the purchase, storage, injection (feeding) of animal compulsory immunization vaccines (anthelmintics) such as foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, small ruminant plague, brucellosis and echinococcosis, as well as related prevention and control work such as monitoring and evaluation of immune effect and personal protection, and to subsidize the implementation and purchase of animal epidemic prevention services. In the process of preventing, controlling and exterminating animal epidemics, the state shall compensate the owners of animals that have been forcibly culled, and the subsidy funds shall be jointly borne by the central finance and local finance. The state supports the harmless treatment of dead pigs in the breeding process, and all localities should improve the subsidy policy for harmless treatment according to relevant requirements and local conditions, and earnestly do a good job in the harmless treatment of the breeding process.

34 agricultural insurance premium subsidies. On the basis of local finance independently developing and voluntarily assuming a certain proportion of subsidies, the central finance gives premium subsidies to rice, wheat, corn, cotton, potatoes, oil crops, sugar crops, fertile sows, cows, fattening pigs, forests, highland barley, yaks, Tibetan sheep and natural rubber, as well as seed production insurance for rice, wheat and corn, and the proportion of premiums paid by farmers is generally not more than 20%. Continue to carry out and expand the agricultural catastrophe insurance pilot, the level of protection covers "direct materialization cost+land rent", and the protection targets cover moderate-scale business entities and small farmers in the pilot areas; In Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei and other six provinces (autonomous regions), four major grain-producing counties were selected to continue to carry out the three major grain crop full cost insurance and income insurance pilot projects, and the level of protection covered "direct materialization cost+land rent+labor cost"; The central government launched a pilot program to reward and supplement local agricultural products insurance with local advantages and characteristics.

VI. Rural Construction

35. The improvement of rural human settlements was promoted as a whole. We will implement the Three-year Action Plan for Rural Human Settlements Renovation, focus on supporting the central and western regions to promote rural human settlements renovation in counties as a unit, promote the tasks of rural domestic garbage, domestic sewage, toilet manure treatment and village appearance improvement, and speed up the completion of the shortcomings in rural human settlements infrastructure construction.

36 advanced county awards for rural human settlements improvement. Implement the spirit of "Three-year Action Plan for Rural Human Settlements Renovation" and "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening Incentive Support in Areas with Significant Achievements" (Guo Ban Fa [117] No.2018), and evaluate the rural human settlements renovation work in various provinces according to the Implementation Measures for Rural Human Settlements Renovation Incentive Measures, and determine the list of counties to be recommended. When allocating the annual transfer payment funds for comprehensive rural reform, the central government will give appropriate tilt support to the counties that have achieved remarkable results in the improvement of rural human settlements.

37. The "toilet revolution" in rural areas was promoted throughout the village. The central government arranged special award funds to support and guide all localities to take administrative villages as units, make overall planning and design, organize and launch as a whole, simultaneously implement household toilet renovation and public facilities supporting construction, and establish and improve the later management and protection mechanism. In principle, the popularization rate of sanitary toilets in administrative villages should reach more than 85%. The award funds mainly support the construction of facilities such as manure collection, storage, transportation and resource utilization, and the subsequent improvement of management and protection capabilities, taking into account the renovation of household toilets. The standards and methods of award and compensation are determined by local conditions.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, April 22nd Question: High-end car sales are exposed again "hidden rules": Is it compliant to increase the price by several hundred thousand yuan in addition to the price tag?

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Zhao Yihe, Lu Wenjun and Wang Chenyang

　　If the vehicle is clearly marked with a price of more than 770,000 yuan, an additional price increase of 300,000 yuan is required to pick it up, and you can’t buy a car without the price increase … … "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter recently visited a number of automobile 4S stores and found that the price increase of some high-end models has become a "hidden rule" in the market. Is the price increase sales compliant and legal? Whose pocket did the extra money go into?

　　Mr. Wu of Shanghai recently bought two top-selling Toyota cars. In addition to the price of more than 770,000 yuan, he increased the price of each car by about 180,000 yuan. "The price increase of high-end hot-selling cars is the market ‘ Unspoken rules ’ 。” Mr. Wu said.

　　Mr. Tian from Luoyang, Henan Province, recently had a similar experience. "I bought a Japanese LX570(5-seat version) car with an original price of 1.417 million yuan and a price increase of 300,000 yuan. After going to several dealers, you need to increase the price. If you don’t increase the price, you can’t get the car. " Mr. Tian said.

　　The reporter visited several dealers in Shanghai on the spot and consulted the quotation of a hot-selling car of Toyota. A seller in Minhang District provided a quotation to the reporter. The column of "car price" on the quotation showed that the price was 774,000 yuan, and the column of "price increase" marked "208,000 yuan". On the quotation given by another dealer, the column of "original car price" says "77.4", and the car price after discount says "77.4+28.5". The salesperson said that 285,000 yuan is a fare increase.

　　The reporter also consulted several other dealers, and the price increase of this model ranged from 250 thousand yuan to 350 thousand yuan. The reporter asked a salesperson of a Toyota store in Minhang District, Shanghai if he could wait a little longer without increasing the price. The salesperson said that "all of them have to increase the price".

　　The reporter’s investigation found that at present, it has become a "hidden rule" for some high-end models to raise the price in addition to the clearly marked price. For example, in some areas, a high-end off-road vehicle of Mercedes-Benz needs to increase the price by about 500,000 yuan.

　　The new automobile sales management measures implemented in July 2017 stipulate that dealers should clearly state the price of selling automobiles, accessories and other related products and the charging standards for various services in an appropriate form at the business site, and may not increase the price or charge extra fees beyond the marked price.

　　According to industry insiders, in fact, dealers also know that price increase is an improper act. Therefore, when selling cars, most of them will not let the word "price increase" clearly appear in relevant sales agreements and bills.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that some dealers increase their prices without issuing invoices to consumers. Mr. Henan Tian said: "I paid a total of more than 1.7 million yuan in two times, but I only got an invoice of 1.417 million yuan. I don’t want to invoice the money that was increased." Mr. Dong, who bought a Japanese LX570 car in Henan, also confirmed to the reporter that the car was paid, but the dealer only invoiced the price of the car, and the price increase was not shown on the invoice.

　　Some dealers said that if the fare increase part needs an invoice, they need to pay additional tax points. A Toyota salesperson in Minhang District, Shanghai told the reporter that if the fare increase part is invoiced, it needs to bear 13% of the tax point. The reporter counted the quotations of many dealers and found that the tax points increased ranged from 13% to 17%. Part of the invoice for the fare increase can be issued on the car price, which means that consumers have to pay more purchase tax. If the price increase part is invoiced separately, only service fees, decoration fees, maintenance fees and accessories can be invoiced.

　　Whose pocket did the fare increase go into? A number of salespeople told reporters that this part of the income mainly went into the pockets of dealers. A variety of models sold at a higher price are "tight goods" in the market. After dealers get the goods, they will naturally raise the prices.

　　Jia Xinguang, executive director of china automobile dealers association, said that automobile dealers have formed a price alliance to some extent, and consumers are in a weak position when buying cars, which is one of the reasons for the phenomenon of dealers increasing their prices.

　　Because most of the dealers’ price increases are high-end cars, some voices on the Internet believe that the price increase of high-end cars is purely "one is willing to fight and one is willing to suffer". In this regard, industry experts believe that, in fact, this kind of price increase behavior infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and must be taken seriously, otherwise it will eventually hurt all consumers. Liu Chunquan, a lawyer of Shanghai Duanhe Duan Law Firm, said that according to the Consumer Protection Law, consumers have the right to fair trade. Dealers charge after the retail price is announced, which infringes on consumers’ right to fair trade.

　　The person in charge of the automobile office of the Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee said that the price increase without express indication and the consumers could not make a choice obviously infringed on the consumers’ right to choose independently.

　　According to the provisions of the automobile sales management measures, dealers are not allowed to increase sales or charge extra fees beyond the price tag. In violation of the provisions, the local competent commerce department at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and may give a warning or a fine of not more than 30,000 yuan.

　　Zhang Wenbin, a lawyer of Beijing Hairun Tianrui Law Firm, said that the warning and the fine of less than 30,000 yuan stipulated in the automobile sales management measures are relatively light compared with the price increase of several hundred thousand yuan, so it is difficult to really play a warning role. Dealers don’t make out invoices or open tax receipts of other names at will, which is suspected of tax evasion.

　　It is worth noting that in recent years, in several disputes between consumers and dealers caused by increasing the price of cars, the court supported consumers’ demands for rights protection. In 2016, Beijing Baideli Star Automobile Sales Company was sued by consumers for selling a high-end off-road vehicle of Mercedes-Benz at a price increase of 145,000 yuan. The Haidian District People’s Court of Beijing ruled in the first instance that Baideli Company returned 145,000 yuan to consumers. Subsequently, Baideli Star Automobile Sales Company refused to accept the appeal. In 2018, the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court rejected the appeal in the second instance and upheld the original judgment.

　　Industry insiders suggest that the relevant regulatory authorities should urge dealers to clearly mark the prices of vehicles and related services, and disclose the specific service items contained in them to prevent the behavior of "boring the package"; Support consumers to complain about price increase sales and defend their rights through legal channels. In addition, consumers should also resolutely say "no" to fare increases, not blindly follow the trend, rationally consume, and cut off the "black hand" of fare increases from the source. (Participating in reporters Zhang Mengjie and Zhou Rui)

Original title: Taiwan Province paparazzi reveals the entertainment circle: when the paparazzi skin is thick enough, the heart should be good enough.

"If you want to be a paparazzi, the skin on your body should be thick enough and the skin on your face should be thick enough!" Taiwan Province’s "famous mouth" Xu Shengmei claimed to be "the first paparazzi in Taiwan Province", and once photographed Jerry Yan, Zhang Ziyi and other big stars. In her view, relying on selling the privacy of stars in exchange for money, wandering in the border between law and morality, although paparazzi can always bring readers the first news, but this job is really not done by people.

Today, we will experience the "inhuman life" of paparazzi through the personal experience of Xu Shengmei and Taiwan Province host Ricky.

The skin should be thick enough

An actress asked the underworld to beat the paparazzi.

"The paparazzi in Taiwan Province can be regarded as a’ high-risk industry’, because you should be careful to be beaten every minute." Ricky, the host of Taiwan Province, broke the news that when the actress S, who played Taiwan Province’s hit drama "The Bad Wife", just made her debut, she had a good relationship with a paparazzi in Next Weekly, and a lot of news came from Next Weekly.

Later, Actress S gradually became popular. The paparazzi began to report the news of a female artist in the same company, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Actress S. Finally, the actress even wanted to invite the "underworld" she knew to beat the paparazzi. Fortunately, the paparazzi knew it in advance, but she broke up with the paparazzi and Next Weekly.

Good acting, paparazzi playing pregnant women as "undercover"

In addition, if you want to be a paparazzi, you should not only wait for a long time, but also try your best to get close to the stars, and sometimes you must have superb acting skills. A few years ago, in order to conceal her pregnancy, Taiwan Province actress Ji Qin hired two VIP delivery rooms in the hospital, asked nurses to sign confidentiality clauses, and used anti-pinhole devices to check the whole floor to keep her daughter from being exposed. But unexpectedly, the paparazzi in Taiwan Province went even further, sending pregnant women as "undercover" and specifying that they would live next door to Ji Qin.

Ji Qin’s agent said, "It’s really an exaggeration. A pregnant woman suddenly moved into this hospital, but she hasn’t given birth yet. The reason for staying in the hospital is that everyone at home has a cold, so she stayed in the hospital for a few days to avoid being infected and treated the hospital as a hotel. After the news came out, Wang Renfu and Ji Qin asked the hospital to change rooms for the pregnant woman on the grounds of safety. "

In good health, paparazzi carry water pipes just to shoot Zhang Ziyi

And Xu Shengmei’s colleague once played a plumber for Zhang Ziyi. Xu Shengmei told the reporter that Zhang Ziyi was filming "House of Flying Daggers" at that time, and the crew wrapped her tightly, and some modeling and shooting conditions were not allowed to be leaked. This colleague of hers pretended to be a plumber and tied a bunch of water pipes on his shoulder in order to hide his camera in them. It was snowing heavily that day, and he walked all the way into the set, and no one stopped him. He walked along the built shelf to the roof of the studio and climbed the roof beam, hanging upside down like a martial arts novel with a camera. The crew thought that he was repairing a water pipe, and Zhang Ziyi was filming a very important scene in House of Flying Daggers, that is, jumping up and encouraging, and he successfully photographed Zhang Ziyi from the roof.

Concluding remarks

The joys and sorrows of ordinary people become real privacy when they are put on stars. In fact, all stars have their own A-side and B-side. If it weren’t for paparazzi, where could we have a glimpse? With this, I also want to praise the paparazzi! (Straits reporter Xu Qiaona Lin Jingxian Intern Chen Zui)

Deepen the battle against pollution, promote the treatment of new pollutants, and continuously improve the quality of the ecological environment.

　

Central Committee of Democratic National Construction Association: Perfecting the scientific and technological support and control system of new pollutant treatment

The sources of new pollutants are complex and varied, and they are easy to migrate and accumulate in various environmental media with airflow and water. They have the characteristics of environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity, and pose a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. China’s "Action Plan for the Treatment of New Pollutants" puts forward the overall working ideas and specific requirements, but it is found that there are still some shortcomings in the treatment process of new pollutants. To this end, it is suggested that:

Strengthen the publicity and guidance of new pollutant control. Intensify publicity on prevention and control of environmental risks of new pollutants, carry out publicity and education on science popularization of new pollutant control, raise people’s awareness of environmental risks brought by new pollutants, and build a pluralistic co-governance pattern of "enterprise subject, government supervision and public participation". Actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation on environmental health standardization of new pollutants, absorb and learn from effective practices and advanced experience, and promote the standardization process of new pollutants.

Strengthen scientific and technological support for the treatment of new pollutants. Find out the source, type and distribution of new pollutants in China, provide support for the coordinated management of multi-environmental media, establish a database of new pollutants, strengthen the application of data science and artificial intelligence technology, identify and predict the diffusion trend of new pollutants and give early warning in time. Optimize and integrate key laboratories, technology centers and scientific research bases in professional fields, increase key technical research on new pollutant control, and achieve innovative breakthroughs in new pollutant hazard identification, environmental monitoring, risk assessment, green substitution, emission reduction technology, treatment and restoration as soon as possible, so as to enhance the scientific and technological support capacity in the whole process.

Improve the management and control system for new pollutants. First, accelerate the legislation of new pollutants, add relevant contents of control and treatment of new pollutants to the existing laws and regulations, strengthen the connection with the management rules and regulations of related industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and pesticides, and provide legal protection for the treatment of new pollutants. Second, establish a new pollutant discharge standard system as soon as possible, carry out systematic environmental risk screening and assessment, formulate new pollutant discharge limits, quality standards and other indicators, introduce a new pollutant priority list, develop new pollutant standards for key industries and products, and carry out regional pilot projects as soon as possible to form generalizable experience. The third is to strengthen the whole process control of new pollutants. Strictly control the source, strengthen the management, registration, supervision and assessment of relevant producers, importers and processing users, and implement the main responsibility of prevention and control; Strengthen process control, continue to promote clean production and green manufacturing, and promote harmless substitution; Strengthen terminal management, conduct a comprehensive investigation on the consumption and use of new pollutants under key control, and clarify the main body responsible for environmental risks. Strengthen the construction of new pollutant control talents, especially increase technical support and guidance to the grassroots.

　

Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee: Fight the tough battle of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control with the spirit of nailing.

In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and successively issued a series of policies and measures to promote remarkable progress in the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. At the same time, we should also be soberly aware that the infrastructure of agricultural non-point source pollution control is still weak, the awareness of agricultural producers is not strong, the problem of disconnection between farming and breeding is still outstanding, the integrated technology is relatively lacking, the market participation is insufficient, the monitoring of pollutant migration process is lacking, the control standards such as farmland backwater and aquaculture tail water need to be formulated, and the virtuous cycle mechanism combining "dredging" and "blocking" needs to be established, which has become a prominent difficulty in the current ecological environment protection work. In addition to the spirit of nailing nails, we should further promote various key tasks, improve the investment mechanism, long-term management mechanism, low-carbon development mechanism, scientific and technological innovation mechanism, and carry out systematic governance. To this end, it is suggested that:

Improve the policy and mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control. We will promote legislation on the protection of agricultural and rural ecological environment, study and formulate regulations on the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and improve supporting policies and standard systems. Improve the management mechanism and promote agricultural production and rural life pollution control as a whole. Improve policy standards, establish input limit standards, fixed-point sales real-name purchase mechanism, improve the agricultural subsidy system oriented to ecological environment objectives, supplement agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring technology and index system, and farmland backwater water quality standards, and establish scientific standards and policy basis for agricultural non-point source pollution assessment and responsibility determination.

Strengthen long-term monitoring of agricultural non-point source pollution sources. In typical irrigation areas and key areas around Poyang Lake, Danjiangkou and black soil areas in Northeast China, long-term joint observation and research of agricultural ecological environment were carried out. Through long-term field observation of meteorology, hydrology, water quality, soil and groundwater, combined with remote sensing technology, the temporal and spatial evolution law of agricultural non-point source pollution was mastered. Strengthen the interconnection or unified management of monitoring data, connect the general survey of agricultural pollution sources, comprehensive utilization information of livestock manure, pollution discharge permit management platform, ecological environment statistics, etc., and build a multi-technology and multi-agent collaborative agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring "one network". Accelerate the application of new monitoring technologies and equipment, strengthen the research and development of traceability analysis technology for agricultural non-point source pollution in river basins, and explore the monitoring of new pollutants.

Strengthen the research and development and popularization of adaptive control technology. Facing China’s agricultural modernization, rural ecosystem protection and restoration, we will strengthen technical reserves and implement technological innovations with multiple objectives such as food security, water environment improvement, carbon neutrality and rural revitalization. The key technologies of agricultural non-point source pollution control will be included in the key core technologies of agriculture, and technology research and development, application promotion and personnel training will be continuously strengthened. We will implement measures such as "source reduction-process interception-recycling-terminal treatment" by region, speed up the establishment of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technology library, form a number of typical prevention and control models, build a number of comprehensive management demonstration projects, and expand the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products in China.

Deepen the popularization of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought. Improve public awareness of ecological civilization and form a good atmosphere for the whole society to protect the agricultural ecological environment. Strengthen the popular science propaganda of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, stimulate the green development vitality of agricultural business entities, encourage farmers to participate and supervise, and continuously promote the green and low-carbon transformation of production methods and lifestyles.

　

Central Committee of the Agricultural Workers’ Party: Continue to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, and strive to build a beautiful China with sky blue, green water and clean soil.

At present, China’s economic and social development has entered a high-quality development stage of accelerating greening and low carbonization. However, the structural, root and trend pressures of ecological environmental protection have not been fundamentally alleviated, and the turning point of improving the quality of ecological environment from quantitative change to qualitative change has not yet arrived. The construction of ecological civilization is still in a critical period of pressure superposition and weight bearing. Therefore, we must maintain strategic strength, continue to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, continue to improve the quality of ecological environment, and continue to enhance the "face value" of beautiful China construction. To this end, it is suggested that:

Continue to deepen the blue sky defense war. Since the first half of this year, under the influence of comprehensive factors, the pressure of basically eliminating heavy pollution weather is still enormous. It is suggested that PM2.5 control should be taken as the main line to strengthen the coordinated emission reduction of PM2.5 and ozone and the coordinated governance of key areas, pay close attention to structural adjustment and promote the in-depth governance of key industries; Focusing on the basic elimination of heavy pollution, the national PM2.5 concentration will be stabilized at "20+" level from point to area, and the national air quality will be continuously improved.

Continue to deepen the defense of clear water. At present, the problem of unbalanced and uncoordinated water ecological environment protection in China is more prominent. The main streams of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are under great pressure to reach Class II water quality, and the urban and rural environmental infrastructure, especially the urban sewage pipe network, is in debt. Some rivers and lakes are short of water resources, and the water ecosystem is seriously unbalanced. It is suggested that the Yangtze River should be protected and restored, pollution control in industry, agriculture, life and shipping should be promoted as a whole, and pollution control such as phosphorus and manganese should be strengthened, and water ecological restoration should be carried out according to local conditions. Promote the tough battle of ecological management of the Yellow River, effectively guarantee the ecological flow of the main stream and main tributaries, further promote the deterioration of polluted water bodies and the utilization of sewage resources, and implement ecological restoration projects for damaged rivers and lakes; Promote the tough battle of comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea, focus on the Haihe River Basin and the Bohai Sea, strengthen the control of total nitrogen and phosphorus in rivers entering the sea, and strengthen the control of pollutants in coastal cities; We will push forward the battle against urban black and odorous water bodies, coordinate the upstream and downstream, left and right banks, trunk tributaries, cities and villages, comprehensively improve the supervision level of investigation, measurement and retrospective treatment of sewage outlets entering the river, focus on strengthening the construction and transformation of sewage pipe networks in urban villages, old urban areas and urban-rural junctions, and carry out endogenous pollution control and restoration of water bodies according to local conditions.

Continue to deepen the defense of the pure land. The prevention and control of soil pollution in China started late, and the foundation is weak. The progress varies significantly from place to place. The task of prevention and control of pollution sources is generally arduous. Soil pollution continues to accumulate in some areas, and the risk of safe use of soil still exists. It is suggested to continuously strengthen the prevention and control of soil pollution sources, promote the green and low-carbon transformation of soil pollution risk management and restoration, attach importance to the whole process of soil pollution control in large and complex sites, and jointly improve soil health and soil carbon sequestration capacity; Deepen the comprehensive management of solid waste, speed up the filling of shortcomings in medical waste and hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities, prohibit foreign garbage from entering the country, and build a "waste-free city"; Further speed up the filling of the outstanding shortcomings of rural human settlements, coordinate production and lifestyle, and build beautiful countryside with the goal of creating a "clean, orderly, beautified and green" rural environment.

　

Central Committee of Jiu San Society: Attach importance to and strengthen the treatment of new pollutants in agricultural soil environment

New pollutants refer to toxic and harmful chemicals with the characteristics of biotoxicity, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. The new pollutants have a variety of biotoxicity, and the risks are hidden. They can accumulate in the environment and organisms for a long time, and have the characteristics of extensive sources and complex treatment, which is difficult to treat and poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. At present, new pollutants have been detected in various environmental media. The research on new pollutants in China is mostly concentrated in the field of water environment, but new pollutants have entered the soil through various channels. Studies have shown that soil has become a potential long-term environmental pollution source of new pollutants and an important link for their migration and transformation.

At present, the main challenges in the prevention and control of new pollution in China’s soil field are: the current situation of new pollutants in soil environment is unclear, the management system of new pollutants is imperfect, and the scientific research related to pollution is lagging behind. To this end, it is suggested that:

Re-investigate and find out the base of new pollutants in soil. Carry out environmental investigation and monitoring of new agricultural pollutants in China, find out the list of chemicals such as drugs and personal care products, perfluorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, disinfection by-products of drinking water, nanomaterials, microplastics, etc., and carry out detailed information investigation on production, processing and use, quantity and ways of environmental discharge, and hazard characteristics. Establish a new pollution environmental investigation and monitoring system, establish a pollution characteristic database according to pollution characteristics, and dynamically update it according to the investigation. All localities carry out risk assessment on the pollution status of new agricultural pollutants, classify the risk levels, and make full use of modern mapping technology to make a map of the current situation of new agricultural pollutants in the whole region.

Establish a mechanism and establish a sound governance management system. Establish a coordination mechanism. The control of new pollutants is a systematic project, which needs the coordination of multiple departments. It is suggested to establish a coordination mechanism for the control of new pollutants, which is led by the ecological and environmental departments and involves science and technology, finance, housing and urban and rural construction, agriculture and rural areas, market supervision and other departments, hold joint meetings regularly, strengthen joint investigation, joint law enforcement and information sharing among departments, and promote the control of new pollutants as a whole. The establishment of new pollutant control expert database at all levels, to provide policy advice, management support, technical guidance and services for new pollutant control work. Establish the whole process management system of new pollutants, strengthen the source control, process control and terminal treatment of new pollutants, and reduce the environmental risks of new pollutants. Strengthen supervision and law enforcement on the production, processing and use of toxic and harmful chemicals and related products, establish a credit scoring system, and increase penalties for untrustworthy subjects.

Build a platform to strengthen basic research and capacity building. Increase financial input, set up special scientific and technological projects to tackle new pollutants, face the society, and guide scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions to actively participate in the research and treatment of new agricultural pollutants. Build a research platform, cultivate and create a regional key laboratory of new pollutants. Cultivate professional and technical personnel related to the prevention, monitoring and supervision of new pollutants, strengthen the construction of professional personnel and special training, and strengthen the skills training of existing professional and technical personnel.

　

Standing Committee member Zhang Quan: Deepening the control of new pollutants and continuously improving the quality of ecological environment

At present, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics and other new pollutants have attracted more and more attention. The treatment of new pollutants is difficult and complicated, and it is still in its infancy in China as a whole. It is still necessary to further strengthen the work and lay a good combination of laws, regulations, policies, science and technology, and markets. To this end, it is suggested that:

In accordance with the national deployment, accelerate the construction of local laws and regulations on new pollution control. At present, the state is studying and promulgating regulations on environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals. At the same time, all localities should follow up the local legislative work in a timely manner according to the actual situation, and make a good connection with the existing pesticide, veterinary drug, drug management and other related systems and the environmental risk management related systems of toxic and harmful chemicals, further clarify the responsibilities and management requirements of various departments, promote departmental coordination and linkage, fully implement the territorial responsibility for new pollutant control, and establish and improve the mechanism system for new pollutant control.

Focus on key chemical substances and key industries to carry out investigation and monitoring, and do a good job in the whole process of source control, process emission reduction and end treatment. All localities should find out the base as soon as possible, and establish and improve the environmental information database of new pollutants and the environmental risk assessment database. First, strict source control. The relevant state departments should dynamically release the list of new pollutants to be controlled, fully implement the control measures of "one product, one policy", and implement the environmental management registration of new chemicals and the environmental management of toxic chemicals import and export. The second is to strengthen process emission reduction. Promote the supply of local policies, pay attention to the combination of dredging and blocking, implement in stages, encourage clean production and green manufacturing, standardize the management of antibiotic use in human, veterinary and aquaculture, and continue to carry out pesticide reduction and efficiency increase. The third is to deepen terminal governance. Strengthen the collaborative treatment of new pollutants with multiple environmental media, strengthen the management of pollutant discharge permit related to new pollutants, the pilot project of antibiotic treatment in aquaculture, and the pollution control in microplastics. At the same time, strengthen the law enforcement inspection and democratic supervision of people’s congresses and CPPCC at all levels.

Strengthen scientific and technological research to provide technical support for comprehensive management of the whole chain. We will speed up the establishment of an expert committee on the treatment of new pollutants in the region to provide decision-making consultation and technical support for the treatment of new pollutants. Increase investment in research, focus on strengthening the basic research of new pollutants, and strive to form a system of product standards, emission standards, environmental monitoring technical standards and environmental quality standards for key industries related to new pollutants.

Promote regional synergy and incorporate new pollutant control into the Yangtze River Delta regional eco-environmental protection cooperation mechanism. Explore the establishment of regional joint investigation, risk assessment and information sharing mechanisms on new pollutants, formulate a list of new pollutants (chemicals) to be jointly controlled in the region, gradually open up the collaborative control of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain of new pollutants and the upstream and downstream of the river basin, and bring key new pollutants into the "three unifications" (unified monitoring, unified standards and unified law enforcement) management scope of the regional ecological environment.

Extensive publicity and guidance will be carried out to form a strong joint force for the whole society to participate in the treatment of new pollutants. Carry out publicity and education on science popularization of new pollutant treatment, guide the public to scientifically understand the environmental risks of new pollutants, and establish the concept of green consumption. Encourage the public to report environmental crimes involving new pollutants, and give full play to the role of public opinion supervision. Promote enterprises to implement the main responsibility and guide social capital to participate in the construction of new pollutant control system.

　

Standing Committee member Cheng Hong: Face up to the pollution around us and strengthen the management of express garbage

According to the survey, the stock ratio of express garbage in some cities is 1/3, and the increase ratio of domestic garbage in megacities is as high as 93%. It has increasingly become a new polluter of solid waste, a new contributor to the siege of garbage, and a new problem in white pollution control since the "plastic limit order". To this end, it is suggested that:

Compulsory elimination of toxic and harmful materials, basically harmless. In view of the universality, rapid growth and harmfulness of express garbage, it is suggested that the State Council should formally bring express garbage into the scope of "plastic limit order" on a larger scale. First of all, speed up the formulation of clear and specific national mandatory standards for express consumables, forcibly eliminate and severely crack down on the production and supply of toxic and harmful express materials, strictly limit non-degradable and environmentally friendly materials, and resolutely control the source. Secondly, we should actively take comprehensive legal, administrative and economic measures to promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s express delivery and embark on the road of green development. These include the comprehensive calculation of big accounts, the huge amount of pollution control expenses after the event will be used for pre-treatment, which will be converted into tax reduction and even rewards, and enterprises will be encouraged to strengthen the research and development of key technologies of green express delivery such as materials, systems and processes, and take a proactive green development path of express delivery.

Contain and reduce excessive packaging, and promote the reduction of express packaging. When formulating relevant laws and regulations in China, we should comprehensively consider economic, social and environmental costs, take into account the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and enterprises, and make specific provisions not only in terms of volume, weight and value, but also in terms of environmental degradation of materials. In actual operation, market supervision and other relevant departments should further integrate their functions after institutional reform, strengthen law enforcement in e-commerce and express logistics, and carry out special rectification of over-packaging of express delivery, so as to urge e-commerce, express delivery enterprises and consumers to establish correct packaging concepts and habits, form a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and independently realize "slimming" of packaging. At the same time, we should also eliminate violent sorting in the express delivery industry, advocate civilized sorting, take the initiative to eliminate complexity and seek simplicity, and form a virtuous circle of reduced packaging.

Establish an effective mechanism to improve the recovery and recycling of express packaging. Incorporate express packaging into the compulsory recycling package catalogue. We will implement the producer’s responsibility charge system for pollution discharge, and study the introduction of environmental tax on packaging or garbage tax on waste disposal, which will be specially used for the regular recovery, centralized transfer, special treatment and scale reuse of such express garbage. Strengthen law enforcement inspection in the field of recycling and recycling, adopt blacklist publicity system for producers and sellers who violate the regulations, and implement credit management of joint punishment. Vigorously carry out research and development and promotion of recyclable materials and systems in the express delivery industry. Support industry organizations to carry out demonstration projects and cultivate green packaging brands. Competent departments and industry chambers of commerce should also urge enterprises in the express chain to solve problems and adopt innovative mechanisms such as points and mortgages to stimulate and attract consumers and e-commerce to actively participate in the recycling of express packaging.

CCTV News:At 9: 00 am on March 5, the first meeting of the 14th National People’s Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People. After the opening ceremony, a "ministerial channel" interview was held, and some responsible persons of relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council were invited to attend the meeting.

Reporter of Central Radio and Television General Station:The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to enhance the position and competitiveness of traditional industries in the global industrial division of labor. May I ask Minister Jin, what measures has the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology taken to upgrade and transform traditional industries?

Minister of Industry and Information Technology Jin Zhuanglong:China’s traditional industries are large, accounting for more than 80% of the manufacturing industry. Traditional industry is the base of modern industrial system, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industry is directly related to the overall construction of modern industrial system. We are conscientiously implementing the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, strengthening top-level planning, and studying and formulating guiding opinions for accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The general direction is to focus on high-end, intelligent and green, so that China’s traditional industries will move from low-end to high-end.

The next step focuses on the following three aspects. In terms of high-end, we should pay attention to basic support and high-end equipment guidance, that is to say, we should focus on implementing two major projects. The first is the industrial base reengineering project, which was deployed by the Central Economic Work Conference. We have to break through a number of basic components, basic parts, basic software, basic materials and basic processes. The second is to implement major technical and equipment research projects, and to break through a number of landmark key products in key areas such as large aircraft, industrial machinery, deep-sea equipment, medical equipment and agricultural machinery and equipment. In terms of intelligence, we have a top-level plan to implement the "14 th Five-Year Plan" for intelligent manufacturing development. Focus on key manufacturing industries, take intelligent manufacturing as the main direction, build a number of smart factories and a number of smart supply chains. In terms of greening, it is generally "1+4", and "1" is the general plan, the peak carbon dioxide emissions plan in the industrial field; "4" refers to four industries, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, petrochemical and chemical industries, all of which have formulated the peak carbon dioxide emissions Plan. Through the top-level design, we have defined the objectives, tasks, ways and measures of industrial peak carbon dioxide emissions, and the next step is to implement them one by one.

Here are several measures: First, implement major projects and projects of energy conservation and carbon reduction, and build a number of green factories, green parks and green supply chains. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the application of energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies and expand the green environmental protection industry. In addition, it is necessary to improve the comprehensive utilization level of resources, such as the comprehensive utilization level of new energy vehicle power batteries and scrap steel and waste paper, which everyone cares about.

In the first 11 months of this year, the total import and export value of goods trade in Sichuan was 922.05 billion yuan, ranking eighth in the country, with an increase of 8.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate ranked fourth among the top ten foreign trade companies in China. Among them, exports were 565.85 billion yuan, up 11.9% year-on-year; Imports reached 356.20 billion yuan, up 2.9% year-on-year. This is what the reporter learned from Chengdu Customs on December 12th.

Since the beginning of this year, Sichuan’s foreign trade has overcome many unstable and uncertain factors and maintained steady growth. Among them, the import and export volume in November was 95.49 billion yuan, up 4.1% from the previous month. This is the second time that our province has exceeded 90 billion yuan in a single month this year after October, and the monthly import and export scale has reached a new high in the year.

In the first 11 months, the market vitality of private enterprises in Sichuan was further stimulated, with import and export of 308.43 billion yuan, up 34.7% year-on-year, 26.5 percentage points higher than the growth rate of the whole province, and the proportion of Sichuan’s foreign trade increased to 33.4%. The number of private enterprises engaged in import and export has also increased significantly. In the first 11 months, there were 6,244 private enterprises with import and export performance in Sichuan, an increase of 704 over the same period of last year, and the endogenous power of trade has been continuously enhanced.

It is worth mentioning that the import and export scale of Leshan and Meishan exceeded the 10 billion mark for the first time this year. In the first eleven months, driven by their respective advantageous industries, the import and export scale of Meishan and Leshan reached 10.52 billion yuan and 10.15 billion yuan respectively, up by 41.1% and 27.6% respectively. So far, the number of foreign trade cities in our province has increased to seven.

In terms of industry, in the first 11 months, driven by the rapid development of lithium battery industry, Sichuan’s import and export to South Korea and Australia grew rapidly. Among them, the import and export to South Korea was 59.51 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 33.4%; The import and export to Australia was 31 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.2 times. (Reporter   Chen bihong)

　　Overseas Network March 30thAccording to WeChat WeChat official account of the Chinese Embassy in Kenya, on March 27th, Kenya’s Star published a commentary by Ken Ndegewa, an expert on media relations, refuting the smear and slander about China’s policy concerning Xinjiang, arguing that this is another black hand of the United States for geopolitical influence, but a lie is a lie after all, and the truth will always prevail over a lie.

　　The article indicates that the United States and other western countries have recently fabricated lies about Xinjiang, China for ulterior motives, or absurdly accused China of "genocide" against the Uighurs in Xinjiang, or fabricated the existence of forced labor on cotton farms in Xinjiang. Behind the lies is actually an attempt by the United States to discredit China and destroy China. After former US President Trump’s trade war with China suffered a fiasco, Xinjiang became the "last straw" of the US game against China. Biden, the current president of the United States, recently threw out that "China will not become the most powerful country in the world during his term of office", further exposing the true intention of the United States.

　　The article lists the development data of Xinjiang in economy, population, education and other aspects one by one, and quotes the statements made by State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi of China, Deputy Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations Dai Bing and the recent press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China on Xinjiang-related issues, pointing out that 64 countries have issued a joint statement at the UN Human Rights Council to support China’s position on Xinjiang-related issues, but western countries are obviously unwilling to accept first-hand information about Xinjiang facts and are more willing to believe false reports. Their real purpose is to create problems in Xinjiang and undermine China’s economic development and stability.

Original title: Resume A shares in 2018

Image source: vision china

Text | Suning Wealth Information, Author | Wang Chen, Gu Huijun

Looking back on 2018, under the influence of a series of internal and external factors, such as "deleveraging" and "US dollar interest rate hike", A shares began to fall all the way from February to the end of the year, which can be described as miserable (see Figure 1). Below, this paper makes a resumption of the stock market in 2018 from four aspects: valuation, performance, capital and market sentiment, to help investors take care of the present and future of A shares.

Valuation: Looking at the historical low vertically, looking at the global depression horizontally.

We analyze the valuation of A shares based on a dimension of 2 (index, industry) ×2(PE, PB).

PE of main index of a shares:By analyzing the historical PE data of Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Stock Exchange Index, Shanghai Stock Exchange 50, Shanghai Stock Exchange 300, Shanghai Stock Exchange 500 and Growth Enterprise Market Index (the data of Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Stock Exchange Index since 2002, and the data of other indexes since their release), it can be found that the current valuation levels of each index are in a low position: the PE of Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 and Shanghai Stock Exchange Index are 10% and 12% respectively; The PE of Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 and Shenzhen Component Index are relatively high, accounting for 25% and 30% respectively in history. CSI 500 and GEM refer to PE at the bottom of history.

PB of main index of A shares:According to PB data, the indexes are also at historical lows. The PB of Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, Shanghai 50, Shanghai and Shenzhen 300, CSI 500 and Growth Enterprise Market Index are located at 1%, 9%, 0%, 15%, 1% and 13% respectively in history.

CITIC’s first-class industry PE (see Figure 2):PE valuation of all industries is at the bottom of history. Among them, the PE level of defense, military industry, communication, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries is relatively high, but it only exceeds the historical 2.7%, 2.3% and 2.3%, while the PE valuation of banks, steel, real estate, coal and other industries with relatively low PE level has not reached the historical level of 0.5%.

PB of CITIC’s Tier 1 industry (see Figure 3):Compared with PE, the historical percentage of PB in CITIC’s tier-one industries is relatively lower, and the PB valuation of food and beverage, catering tourism and pharmaceutical industries with higher rankings has not exceeded the historical 0.2%, and all PB levels are at the bottom of history.

On December 26, 2018, the PE of S&P 500 was 18.70, the PE of Hang Seng Index was 9.53, and the PE of Shanghai and Shenzhen 300PE was 10.22. The PE of Nasdaq is 39.9, while that of GEM is 28.2. Therefore, from the horizontal comparison, the valuation of A shares is close to the level of global valuation of Hong Kong stocks.

Performance: both year-on-year and quarter-on-quarter declines.

Since the A-share annual report has not been published, we use the data of the National Bureau of Statistics to look at the revenue and net profit by industry (see Table 1). In terms of revenue, about 80% of the industries’ revenue growth rate is negative year-on-year. Among them, only the YOY of oil, coal and other fuel processing industries, mining professional and auxiliary activities, and oil and gas mining industries exceeds 10%, with year-on-year growth rates of 17%, 13% and 12% respectively, while the operating income of non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industries and ferrous metal mining and dressing industries has dropped significantly year-on-year, dropping by 40% and 43% respectively.

From the perspective of net profit, the growth rate of net profit of over 80% of industries is negative, among which the net profit of ferrous metal mining industry and other mining industries has fallen by a large margin, down by 72% and 50% respectively.

From the perspective of industrial added value, both the year-on-year growth rate and the chain growth rate have declined. In November 2018, the growth rate of industrial added value was 0.36% (see Figure 4), the lowest since August 2015. In November 2018, the year-on-year growth rate of industrial added value was 5.4% (see Figure 5), the lowest since March 2018, and it also showed a downward trend.

Capital: overall substantial net outflow, net inflow of foreign capital.

Investigating the daily main capital flow of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets since 2018, it is found that the main capital of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets is mainly in the state of capital outflow. According to the statistics of capital flow in the fourth quarter of 2018, it is found that over 80% of the time, A shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets are in a state of net outflow of main funds. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the net outflow of A shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets exceeded 600 billion yuan (Figure 6).

Judging from the flow of funds northward, most of the time the funds are in a state of net inflow. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the net purchase of northbound funds was about 60 billion yuan (Figure 7). Although it was in a state of net inflow, it was significantly lower than the net purchase of 81.5 billion yuan in the third quarter.

Market sentiment: trading is sluggish.

We measure the market sentiment of A shares from three aspects: trading behavior, index products and the views of market participants.

Margin ratio is an important indicator to observe market sentiment from the perspective of trading behavior. Since the end of January 2018, the margin ratio has been declining all the way, and it was not until December that the downward trend was changed. Since December 2018, the ratio of margin financing to securities lending has shown a slight upward trend (see Figure 8).

From the perspective of index products, since 2018, the discount rate of closed-end funds has been positive and shows a fluctuating upward trend (see Figure 9). By mid-October, the discount rate reached the highest level. At present, the discount rate has declined from October and remained at around 10%.

Among many market participants, we choose the most rational data of two types of participants (researchers and block traders) to observe investor sentiment (see Figure 10 and Figure 11). Judging from the seller’s recommendation index, the seller’s recommendation index in the fourth quarter reached the top of nearly three months at the end of October, and after October, the seller’s recommendation index showed a straight decline and is still at a low level. From the perspective of bulk transactions, the current transaction volume has slightly increased compared with the third quarter, and the discount rate has dropped first and then increased.

2018 Trend Summary and 2019 Prospect

Looking higher, we believe that the downturn of A shares in 2018 is inseparable from the overall macroeconomic situation.

Affected by factors such as deleveraging, the performance of industrial enterprises declined in 2018, and the year-on-year growth rate declined. Coupled with external factors such as trade frictions and the Fed’s interest rate hike, A-share confidence was insufficient, and funds in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets flowed out significantly. The main indexes of A-shares and industry valuation are also at a historically low level.

Looking forward to 2019, we believe that the three carriages (export, investment and consumption) that drive the economy will show this trend with great probability:

(1) Exports will fall back, mainly due to the impact of international trade and the economic slowdown in Europe and America, so we need to focus on the progress and results of Sino-US trade negotiations.

(2) Real estate investment in fixed investment will fall back, but the possibility of loosening the strict control policy on real estate will not be ruled out; Infrastructure will increase slightly, but the extent is limited, mainly depending on whether the space of China’s monetary policy can be opened with the peak of the US interest rate hike cycle, and whether the central and local governments can break through the debt ceiling.

(3) Consumption may improve slightly, which mainly depends on the influence of the leverage of the residential sector. In addition, the policies that may have a general and long-term impact on the macro-economy are tax reduction, fee reduction and the principle of competition neutrality of state-owned enterprises. If the above two policies can make substantial progress beyond expectations, it will greatly boost investors’ mood and fundamentally change the fundamentals of the macro-economy.

In general, it is expected that the probability of market volatility bottoming out in the first half of 2019 is high, and the positive effect of follow-up policies on the stock market remains to be seen. Investors should be alert to the risks brought by market fluctuations. (This article does not constitute any investment advice)

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　　When the giant panda was found, it could not move.

　　On March 14th, the staff of the Forestry Bureau of Baoxing County, Sichuan Province confirmed to the media that a wild giant panda suspected of being ill in this county died after being rescued. On February 20th, the giant panda was found in the wild and sent back to the county for treatment.

　　On March 15th, the reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Baoxing County Committee that because there was no rescue center in the county forestry bureau, the giant panda was found and sent to chengdu research base of giant panda for treatment the next day. At present, they are also waiting for the test results to determine the specific cause of death.

　　An industry insider who has been engaged in wildlife-related work for more than 20 years said that it was a bit surprising that the news said that the giant panda was only in his teens. The wild giant panda can live to be around 20 years old, and his teens are in their prime. At the turn of winter and spring, the death of wild animals is relatively concentrated, but the natural elimination is mainly the old, weak and sick wild animals.

　　He was sent to Chengdu Panda Base for treatment.

　　Currently waiting for the test results.

　　According to previous media reports, on February 20th, a wild giant panda in Baoxing County, Ya ‘an stayed in a mixed forest for several hours and remained motionless. After observation, the giant panda has no trauma on its body surface, but it has been running nose and is in poor spirits. It is initially suspected that it is sick. After receiving the news, the staff of local forest public security and forestry departments rushed to the scene, put the giant panda into a cage and transported it back to Baoxing County, where the local forestry department treated the giant panda.

　　On the 14th, the staff of Baoxing Forestry Bureau confirmed to the media that the wild giant panda died after being rescued. According to its introduction, the giant panda was found in the wild and sent back to the county for treatment. The giant panda is over 10 years old, and the specific cause of death is still unclear. "I haven’t got the test report yet," but judging from the effusion found in the giant panda’s chest at that time, it is preliminarily inferred that it was due to illness.

　　On the 15th, the reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Baoxing County Committee that the county forestry bureau did not have a treatment center because of the insufficient treatment conditions in the county. The giant panda was found and sent to Chengdu Panda Base for treatment the next day. They are also waiting for the test results. For some online speculations, the other party said that there is no basis for judgment without the test report. I hope everyone can wait patiently and the test results will prevail.

　　In his teens, he is in his prime.

　　Pleural effusion or caused by inflammation

　　For the news that the wild giant panda died after being rescued, an industry insider who has been engaged in wildlife-related work for more than 20 years said that in terms of time, it is more difficult for wild animals to find food in winter, and at the same time, in order to keep out the cold, the energy demand is greater, which is a hurdle for many animals, so the turn of winter and spring is a time when wildlife deaths are concentrated. Many old, weak and sick wild animals will be eliminated naturally. During this period, when he was in the field, he also saw the bodies of many animals by the river, including pronghorn and rock sheep.

　　"According to the current news report, the giant panda is most likely ill." According to the insiders, the giant panda is in his teens, in the prime of life, and has almost no natural enemies in the wild. In terms of large mammals, besides giant pandas, there are also some bears and snow leopards in Baoxing County, which pose a certain threat to adult giant pandas. However, it’s really hard to tell the winner when the two sides fight, so people rarely hear the news that adult giant pandas are attacked by other animals. At the same time, the giant panda was found to have no trauma, indicating that it had not experienced a fight.

　　The insider said that as far as he knows, various parasitic diseases are one of the diseases that wild giant pandas are prone to, typically including roundworms in the body and scale mites on the body. Ascaris is familiar to everyone, but animals can’t take medicine like people. Regarding the discovery of hydrops in the chest mentioned in the news, he said that hydrops indicates inflammation, and the chest cavity is the heart, lungs and pleura, some of which may be diseased. Of course, the final exact cause of death still needs to wait for the test report.

　　Injured pandas have been found before.

　　Suspected of being attacked by other wild animals

　　The reporter noted that due to the large number of wild giant pandas in China, it is not the first time that Baoxing County has found a giant panda that needs help because of illness and injury.

　　According to media reports on May 6, 2016, villagers in Baoxing, Ya ‘an found a wild giant panda with obvious injuries on its ears, back, right hind legs and tail. The staff rescued him from the mountain. The injured giant panda was a male, 4 years old, weighing 44 kilograms. After that, he was sent to Ya ‘an Base of China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center for treatment. After consulting with surgical experts in Ya ‘an People’s Hospital and trying all possible rescue methods, the giant panda died at 14: 50 on the same day because of his injuries and ineffective rescue. According to experts’ analysis, this giant panda may have been injured because it was attacked by other wild animals.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Zheng Ran Lin Cong

　　Comprehensive Sichuan news