CCTV News:October 15th is an important day for third-party payment institutions in China, such as Alipay and Tenpay.

　　According to the requirements of the central bank, banks and payment institutions should complete the preparations for accessing the network platform and business migration before October 15. At present,More than 20 payment institutions and banks have completed the access work., including third-party payment institutions such as Tenpay and Alipay.

　　The central bank requires all third-party payment institutions to access the network.

　　On August 4th this year, the Payment and Settlement Department of the Central Bank issued the Notice of the Payment and Settlement Department of the People’s Bank of China on Transferring the online payment business of non-bank payment institutions from the direct connection mode to the online platform for processing.

　　The notice stated that,Since June 30, 2018,All online payment services involving bank accounts accepted by payment institutions are handled through the network platform. Banks and payment institutions shouldBefore October 15th, 2017Complete the preparatory work related to access to the network platform and service migration.

　　The networking platform is just a clearing platform and does not carry out payment business.

　　Netlink, also known as "Online UnionPay", is a unified clearing platform for online payment, which was organized and established by China Payment and Clearing Association under the guidance of the central bank to handle the payment business initiated by non-bank payment institutions and interacting with banks, and jointly initiated the preparation according to the principle of "co-construction, co-ownership and sharing".

　　Netlink is only a clearing platform, and it does not directly carry out payment business to maintain neutrality.

　　The establishment of the network link can, to a certain extent, correct the problem that third-party payment institutions engage in inter-bank clearing business in violation of regulations and change the multi-head connection between payment institutions and banks to carry out business. That is to say,The online payment channel of third-party payment institutions does not need and can no longer directly connect with banks, but directly connect with banks through the network platform.

　　Why promote the establishment of the network? Conducive to supervision

　　In fact, the intention of the central bank to promote the establishment of the network is very obvious:Conducive to supervision.

　　In recent years, the rapid development of the third-party payment industry has caused confusion in the payment and financial markets.The establishment of the network link can prevent and deal with risks such as fraud, money laundering, fishing and violations through trusted services and risk detection.

　　To some extent, networking can reduce the tedious process of direct connection between banks and many third-party payment institutions, especially some small and medium-sized banks. Network connection can make the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in payment gradually become more clear, clear and independent.

　　Prior to this, the fees between payment institutions and banks were drawn up by a number of third-party payment institutions and banks respectively, and the multi-party relationship was rather chaotic.

　　After the completion of the network link, the third-party payment companies and banks will face a change from "n" to "1", and all interfaces will lead to the network link, and the network link interfaces will have the same price.Can avoid the influence of the right to speak in the industry on fair competition; It also helps to make the flow of funds clear at a glance and is conducive to supervision.

　　What impact does the online connection have on the third-party payment industry?

　　At present, the major domestic third-party payment institutions have all obtained the qualifications to become shareholders in Netlink, including Tenpay, Online Banking, Kuaiqian, Baifubao, Alipay, Ping An Payment and Wing Payment. For third-party payment institutions, what are the effects of being "incorporated" on them?

　　Impact on large third-party payment institutions: deposited funds were denied.

　　The establishment of the network connection of the online payment and clearing platform aims to cut off the clearing mode of the third-party payment institution directly connected to the bank, solve the long-troubled problem of centralized management of reserve funds, and theoretically will no longer enjoy the control and income of the deposited funds.

　　A large number of third-party payment institutions, such as Alipay and Tenpay, have set up multiple reserve accounts, which are complicated and have low transparency. In a sense, the third-party payment institutions have their own payment and settlement systems, but they are outside the existing financial system.

　　Money laundering is not easy to wash.

　　Alipay and Tenpay will be "strictly controlled", and each of their transfer transactions will be clearly seen by the central bank. Prior to this, because the transaction was a "direct connection mode", the central bank could not see the "complete capital transfer chain" of third-party payment, which theoretically facilitated money laundering, bribery and tax evasion.

　　The central bank obtains more financial big data through the network.

　　The central bank has set up a "network link", which is equivalent to putting a data director between Alipay and users. All the payment and settlement data are finally summarized to the central bank through the network link.

　　The establishment of the network is not only a heavy blow to purify the financial environment, but also represents the first shot of the new credit system in China led by the state!

Seicho Matsumoto (1909-1992), a japanese mystery family, is famous for her portrayal of "evil women", and The Woman Who Bought a Local Newspaper is also a woman’s crime story. When writing three volumes of Seicho Matsumoto’s Short Stories, Miyuki Miyabe, who is also a representative of social school reasoning, classified this article as "my favorite", probably because he is a writer’s preference for the story of "the writer plays the detective".

Saya Longzhi, a writer, serialized The Legend of the Wild Thief in a local newspaper. She was very happy to learn from the newspaper that a female reader in Tokyo specially subscribed to this newspaper with a very small circulation in order to read her own novel. Soon after, I received a letter that "the novel has become unsightly and I want to unsubscribe", and I feel a little strange. This woman must want to get something else from the newspaper … Starting from this, she started some reasoning.

In the latest Japanese drama SP "The Woman Who Bought the Local Newspaper", the writer detective is played by Tamura Masakazu. The woman who claimed that "I want to subscribe to this local newspaper because I like the writer’s serial novels" is Ryoko Hirosue. Tamura Masakazu and Ryoko Hirosue (Stubborn Daddy (2000) and Father (2002)), who played the role of father and daughter twice more than a decade ago, have turned into an ambiguous relationship between imaginative writers and enigmatic readers.

Speaking, the origin of reasoning is the writer’s unwarranted confidence (how can my novel be unsubscribed if it is so beautiful! ), Orwell in Why Do I Write? The reason given in is "pure conceit"-some writers desperately want to hide it, but most people write because they want to be regarded as smart people and better be praised by later generations. Fortunately, this time, compared with the narrow-minded image of the writer in the 2007 TV series, Tamura Masakazu is obviously much wiser and cuter, with the elegance and pride of Shirzaburo. Ryoko Hirosue, who just helped Yuki Uchida kill her husband in Naomi and Kanako, once again appeared as a "wicked girl".

Plus the original writer’s assistant Mizukawa Asami in this remake, Watanabe Mayu, a guest geisha, and many other roles, Seicho Matsumoto SP drama is indeed more luxurious than the afternoon reasoning theater for middle-aged and elderly people.

Apart from the charm of the character itself, the charm of the story "The Woman Who Bought the Local Newspaper" originally came from the theme of "newspaper". Women worry about the news of "accident" by subscribing to newspapers, and writers speculate on women’s motives by unsubscribing letters. The connection maintained through paper reveals a kind of showiness, and if there is a blank space, it will give people room for reverie.

However, if the background of the times is moved to the present, the blank space will have to be filled. The development of clues in the story seems too far-fetched: in this age, you have to order newspapers to check the news, but you can’t check it on the Internet or on your mobile phone? Is it necessary to write "because I like reading your novels" when subscribing to newspapers? Isn’t it an invasion of privacy for newspapers to disclose the personal information of subscribers to writers?

Regarding whether newspaper subscription is an obvious bug, I specially asked my Japanese friends, and the answer is: local newspapers with a very small circulation will publish weddings, funerals and weddings as news, not necessarily online. But you can always find it in the library database, right? The accident that female readers care about has also held a press conference, and there is no reason why it can’t be found online. Japanese friends also agreed. So we come to a conclusion that we don’t want to admit, Seicho Matsumoto’s works, which have been remake and adapted countless times in the past 60 years, may be out of date.

From 1957 to now, this is the ninth time that The Woman Who Bought the Local Newspaper has been made into a TV series, plus a movie. I’m afraid it will be more and more difficult for the audience in the future to understand the unique romance of "newspaper", and it’s also difficult to understand the imagination of Seicho Matsumoto, a writer who is often serialized in newspapers, behind the seemingly serious type.

If a "woman" conceals the crime as a double suicide and then checks the news through the Internet, even if she subscribes to the newspaper, if the newspaper does not disclose her information to the writer, things will not be revealed. In the era we live in, cases are more likely to be detected through phone records, surveillance videos and DNA. Accurate and boring.

Today, the image of "evil girl" still dominates the Japanese screen and occupies half of the mystery novels. Even if the background of Qing Zhang’s story is gone, the tradition of evil girl still exists.

Some people say that the theme of evil women reflects the author’s inner disgust and suspicion of women, but on the other hand, it may be seen that men are more attracted to the image of evil women than pure ladies. Beautiful women meet people who are unlucky, and do not hesitate to kill them in order to change their miserable situation … Whether it is Seicho Matsumoto’s Black Handbook, House of Beasts or Keigo Higashino’s The Relief of the Saint, such a routine seems to be inexhaustible for a long time.

Perhaps the social school’s point of view is not in reasoning. Even if the reasoning is weak and the clues are far-fetched, Tamura Masakazu’s Showa amorous feelings drama makes this work still worth seeing. Nowadays, newspapers are dying. Even if The Woman Who Bought the Local Newspaper is remake in the background of Seicho Matsumoto’s era, it is difficult for young people who keep their mobile phones to understand the interest.

This Spring Festival in 2018, Liu Mingzhu, who usually works in Beijing, did not return to his hometown, but spent it in Lhasa. She was not with her family, but with two female friends of the same age, and nine donkey friends contacted on the Internet.

On the afternoon of New Year’s Eve, Liu Mingzhu and his party arrived in Lhasa at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters by 38-hour train. The sunshine in Lhasa at 6 o’clock in the afternoon was still strong, and the excitement of the three people even made them forget the dizziness caused by altitude sickness. When they saw the mountains opposite the railway station, they whispered "Lhasa, I am coming".

For 28-year-old Liu Mingzhu, arriving in Lhasa is like escaping from a cage. The pressure of urging marriage makes it difficult for her to return home. Now, after the New Year, Liu Mingzhu has returned to Beijing, and life remains the same.

Leave home for the New Year to avoid the pressure of urging marriage.

In December 2017, Liu Mingzhu’s sister-in-law gave birth to a baby, and she returned to her hometown in Henan from Beijing. On the second day after the banquet, my parents quarreled at the dinner table. The focus of their argument was why she didn’t have a boyfriend at the age of 28.

Liu Mingzhu’s younger brother and sister almost all got married just after the legal age, and both got married by blind date when they returned home during the Spring Festival. Now that my brother and sister have children, the focus of the family naturally falls on the "older sister".

Liu Mingzhu’s previous growth process once met all the expectations of rural parents for their children: excellent academic performance, admission to prestigious schools, graduate studies, and staying in Beijing after graduation. But now, Liu Mingzhu is out of the expectation of her parents at this stage of marriage.

Although Liu Mingzhu only lived in his hometown for a few days at the end of last year, his parents took separate actions. Liu’s father dug out the paper phone book and called his friends one by one, asking them to worry about their daughter’s marriage with shyness and embarrassment. Liu’s mother went to her neighbor’s house, pretending to ask others casually if there were any young men of the right age who could be introduced to her daughter.

The parents’ performance doubled the pressure on Liu Mingzhu. When she told her friends about her experience of being forced to get married at home, she received the same feedback. "It turns out that this happened not only to me." Liu Mingzhu said. Thinking of the upcoming Spring Festival, I may face a lot of embarrassment after returning home. Several friends who were urged to get married hit it off and decided to go to Lhasa for the New Year in order to escape the marriage.

Elders often arrange blind dates during the Spring Festival.

Liu Mingzhu’s two friends are sisters. Sister Xu Lan is 29 years old and sister Qing Xu is 28 years old. They also suffered from their parents’ urging to get married.

The two sisters’ plan to go to Lhasa during the Spring Festival was opposed by their parents. Two days before the departure, the family started a cold war for this, but the two sisters did not compromise. "This is a trip that goes away." Xu Lan works in her hometown and gets along with her parents every day. In her opinion, the Spring Festival is not a reason to be with her family.

In the hometown of the Xu sisters, during the Spring Festival, there is a fixed meeting place in the town. In a few days near the end of the year, interested parents will take their children there for blind date. In order to avoid embarrassment, many people bought and sold things at the rally in those days, taking the opportunity to chat with others about their family background, work, personality, etc., and then entrusted the matchmaker to act as matchmaker.

In order to avoid blind date, Xu Lan tried to avoid it by various excuses, while her parents always attributed her refusal to "too high a vision". Once, my father was drunk and talked to her. He earnestly advised her to lower her eyes and asked her daughter to "evaluate her own conditions".

Despite her elder sister’s support, Qing Xu, who is currently working as an intern in Beijing, is constantly told by her parents that she wants to find a boyfriend to get married early. Regarding the criteria for choosing a spouse, the two sisters and their families have had numerous disputes. Their parents said that they could not see the situation clearly and they were distressed that their parents did not understand themselves. "I still have time and energy to fight with my family. I don’t want to go against my own ideas." Xu Lan didn’t disclose her specific thoughts. She felt that age was not a weapon for her to compromise.

Everest base camp meets a couple to propose marriage

In addition to Liu Mingzhu and his party, there are nine other donkey friends on this trip to Tibet. They joined the team through a post posted by Liu Mingzhu, and all 12 of them were single young men and women.

Yang Peng is the only child in his family. Born in 1991, he has no girlfriend. Parents have helped him find several girls at home, just waiting for him to have a blind date during the Spring Festival holiday. Yang Peng struggled for a long time before leaving, and finally made up his mind to escape from home and choose to travel for the New Year.

On the day of departure on February 18th, Liu Mingzhu finally chose to stay in Lhasa because of the serious rebellion. In the WeChat group they formed, teammates kept sending her beautiful scenery on the road, but her high reaction has not been completely eliminated. Although it is regrettable, her heart is insufficient. "I really wanted to go to a higher place, but after the driver knew the situation, I was not allowed to get on the bus first, and then I just sat on it, but the driver drove the car directly to the hospital and let me get off there."

On February 20, teammates arrived at Everest base camp. During the break, these single men and women who want to escape the urge to marry saw an unexpected scene: the boy took out his ring and knelt down to propose to the girl. Qing Xu captured a complete video and sent it to Liu Mingzhu, where the onlookers cheered.

After watching the video, Liu Mingzhu returned a message to his teammates: "I didn’t expect that even if I walked to the roof of the world, I couldn’t escape the crit of dog food."

On February 21st, a group of people who ended the tour around Mount Everest shared anecdotes on the road in the group. Some people asked whether they should continue to leave during the Spring Festival next year, and many people raised their hands to respond. To Liu Mingzhu’s surprise, several pairs of people on this train became lovers. "Everyone seems to believe that they will get a chance to find the other half when they come here. Many people start to know each other’s situation on the station wagon, especially when some girls have altitude sickness. At this time, interested boys will take care of them wholeheartedly."

Recently, Liu Mingzhu also returned to Beijing. Although he failed to complete the tourism project as planned, Liu Mingzhu thought that he had figured out many things in Tibet. "I will still stick to my own standards in choosing a boyfriend, but I will also communicate with my family to reassure them."

(The interviewees in this article are all pseudonyms)

Peninsula reporter Wang Yue

Valentine’s day and sweet pet drama are more suitable!

When I was at home, I watched "fancy sprinkling sugar", the atmosphere was romantic and warm, the picture was pink, the plot was sweet and greasy, and the face was high, which made people feel concerned!

In recent years, online drama has become a large-scale "sugar factory", and it has also won a lot of new actors. Here, instead of Amway’s new sweet pet dramas, eight classic sugar-sprinkling dramas are selected. Some overbearing presidents fall in love with me, some simply cure Xiao Qingxin, some demonstrate the best boyfriend, and some cute girlfriends, such as cups of warm tea in winter, warm your heart and my heart.

1, "love, chitose adult’s first love"

"Next Stop is Happiness" got the face value and acting skills of Miss Victoria Song. In fact, as early as "Making Love", Victoria Song was already impressive! And with this drama Su Fantian’s male host design and exquisite performance, Johnny captured the hearts of countless girls in one fell swoop. The drama tells the love story of Guan Pipi, an ordinary and kind social newspaper intern, who met the mysterious and affectionate right priest Helan Jingting of the fox family. Douban scored 7, creating a benchmark for domestic fantasy love online drama, which is a well-deserved explosion.

2. Summer of the Fox

Marisu out! The eccentric female host "abuses" the president, which is king. The drama is divided into one season and two seasons, which tells the funny love story of the lie transmitter "Miss Fox" and the human flesh polygraph "President of the White Rabbit", from incompatibility to closeness. Break through the conventional interesting people’s design, the youth idol lineup with the coexistence of acting skills, and the light comedy performance form of self-release. Seven’s and Jo Jiang’s interpretations of strength are in contrast, with a bursting sense of CP and a full heart value. The Thai version of the drama has just started, starring top-class Yan value mai and push, and its influence in Asia can be seen.

3. To Our Warm Hour Light

As a youth drama with Douban score of 8 last year, the drama is adapted from Zhao Qianqian’s novel of the same name, and tells a sweet and funny love story that happened after the oxygen girl Situmo and the physical genius Gu Weiyi accidentally shared a room. Cooking, getting sick, washing sheets, listening to cross talk and other details get to a fairy love with fireworks. Love should last forever, but also day and night. Lin Yi and Fair Xing, two newcomers, also went out of the circle with the popularity of the drama.

4. "The world owes me a first love"

It’s another anti-routine sweet drama. After watching it, everyone said it was poisonous. What is the first love? It’s a heart-pounding, a deer bumping into each other, and it’s the purest sweetness. Then this is the experience of watching the drama. In addition to all kinds of famous scenes in which men and women are fond of each other, there are also all kinds of tricks of men and women who majored in positive results and their predecessors in green tea. However, this is not suitable for CP! This is called hard-core sweetness. You can chase it all at once and lose nothing.

5. "I only like you"

Janice, a popular couple in the classic cp, and Zhang Yujian, the younger brother of the abstinence department, performed a story of "from campus to wedding dress" with the sweetest love, the warmest story and the most long-lasting confession. Interestingly, "I only like you" continues the original fragmented memory style. At the beginning of each episode, there will be eggs, Qiao Yi (Janice) and Yan Mo (Zhang Yujian)’ s sweet "little theater after marriage" and their interesting QA, which is a legend in the Jianghu. This is a reality for cp.

6, "Meng Wife Gourmet"

As a four-in-one drama of crossing, food, palace fighting and love, Meng Wife Gourmet can be described as "full of color, flavor and taste". It tells the story that Ye Jiayao and Jing ‘an Hou Shizi, who returned to ancient times by chance, became husband and wife, and they stumbled to re-recognize and accept each other. The all-round heroine’s domineering and anti-teasing, her heart warming and her stomach sustained high energy, and the ancient entrepreneurial brain hole opened wide, and the eye-catching index burst.

7. "Two-time Spoil"

From the perspective of the title of the play alone, it contains a high-sweet warning, and it is a dark horse for the summer file that year. "Sweet pet", "high sugar" and "girl’s heart" have everything. It’s a long story to serve the drama, and it’s all because of the high energy of the plot lines that the male and female cp plays don’t inject water. Xing Zhaolin and Liang Jie were both unknown when they appeared in the play, but they quickly gathered popularity after the broadcast. After the first one, the second one was broadcast, which shows how many fans there are.

8. Alien Girl Chai Xiaoqi

Although "Xiaoqi" is not as famous as the above plays, the sweetness index is even worse. It tells the story that Chai Xiaoqi, an alien girl, stayed on the earth and met Fang Leng, the overbearing president, and started a high-energy hilarious and romantic cross-star love story. The monotony of "silly white sweetness" rarely allows girls to substitute themselves, but Chai Xiaoqi, the heroine, not only has a special function, but her infatuation and boldness satisfy the fantasies of the girls watching the drama. It’s not a big production without traffic blessing. The reason why "Xiaoqi" can reach the popularity of online drama top1 when it is broadcast is all due to the sweet, high-energy and funny plot, an episode of into the pit, and it is also chased after staying up late.

First, the development process of China’s medical beauty industry

According to Article 2 of the Measures for the Administration of Medical Beauty Services, medical beauty refers to the repair and reshaping of human appearance and the morphology of various parts of the human body by surgery, drugs, medical devices and other traumatic or invasive medical techniques. Medical beauty is divided into surgical and non-surgical medical beauty according to whether surgery is needed, which are all carried out by registered professional doctors and medical experts.

Compared with the United States, South Korea and other big countries, China’s medical beauty industry started late, and its development process can be roughly divided into three stages:

Figure 1: The development course of China’s medical beauty industry

According to public information

From 1949 to 2008, marked by the establishment of plastic surgery for the first time, the domestic medical beauty industry began to sprout. In 1949, plastic surgery was established for the first time in China, which marked the germination of medical beauty industry in China. Since then, many public hospitals have set up plastic surgery departments, such as the Plastic Surgery Hospital of China Medical College. During this period, the main demand for medical beauty comes from passive plastic surgery such as post-injury repair and correction.

2008-2014 was the initial stage of the industry, and the upstream raw material manufacturers developed well, which led to the emergence of private medical institutions. This stage has three characteristics. First, a number of related companies are listed or listed, such as the listing of Huaxi Bio in Hong Kong in 2008 and the establishment of Huahan Plastic in 2010. Second, industry integration and mergers and acquisitions are frequent, and Langzi, suning universal and Fosun all deploy the medical and beauty industry through mergers and acquisitions; Third, the cooperation between China and South Korea has been further deepened, with Langzi and Evergrande as the representatives, and Korean technology and doctors have been continuously introduced and promoted.

Since 2014, with the help of capital, the industry has prospered and developed, and the "internet plus" wave has given birth to the Internet medical beauty platform. Driven by the mobile Internet and consumption upgrading, the Internet medical beauty platform has developed and gradually become the hub of the medical beauty industry chain. Since 2014, Internet medical beauty platforms such as New Oxygen, More Beauty and Yuemei.com have been favored by the capital market and have won several rounds of financing.

Second, the general situation of medical beauty industry chain

According to the relationship between the upstream and downstream of medical beauty products from manufacturing to serving consumers, the medical beauty industry chain can be divided into upstream raw material equipment manufacturers and downstream medical beauty institutions. The upstream raw material equipment, including instruments and equipment, injections and auxiliary materials, reach downstream private or public institutions through direct sales or consignment by manufacturers to provide corresponding services for medical beauty consumers. In addition, with the development of Internet technology and the penetration of consumer groups, the Internet medical beauty platform helps upstream manufacturers simplify distribution links by linking medical beauty institutions, and on the other hand, it can help consumers make efficient decisions. Related service providers include medical beauty industry information service providers, medical beauty APP, medical beauty insurance and so on.

Figure 2: Medical Beauty Industry Chain, compiled and drawn by the author.

Third, the status quo of China’s medical beauty industry

With the improvement of economic conditions, the continuous improvement of living standards, and at the same time, China consumers are influenced by the new trend of international medical beauty, and their awareness of medical beauty consumption is gradually awakening, and the medical beauty market is showing a rapid development trend. In 2019, the medical beauty market in China reached 176.9 billion yuan, and the CAGR was 28.54% in 2015-2019, which was higher than the same period in the world.

Figure 3: Global and China Medical and Beauty Industry Market Scale in 2015-2019

Source: Lemon Aimei, iResearch, etc.

1. Upstream: the overall concentration of raw materials and equipment is relatively high, and the domestic substitution is accelerated.

Medical cosmetology can be divided into surgical category (plastic surgery) and non-surgical category (Light medical cosmetology), in which the market capacity of Light medical cosmetology, China has steadily expanded, accounting for a stable proportion of the overall medical beauty market. Surgical medical beauty projects include eyelid plastic surgery, nose plastic surgery, oral orthodontics, hair transplantation and other head and face projects, breast enhancement and other chest projects, as well as liposuction and other physical projects. Non-surgical medical beauty projects include injection projects such as botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, facial rejuvenation projects such as photon rejuvenation, and other projects such as tooth beauty. China’s Light medical cosmetology market accounts for a much higher proportion of the overall medical beauty market than the surgical cosmetic plastic surgery market, and has been stable at around 65%-70% in recent years. In 2018, the market size of China Light medical cosmetology was 102.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.62%; In 2019, the market size of China Light medical cosmetology was 119.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.86%.

Table 1: Classification of Medical Beauty Projects

According to public information

Figure 4: The market scale of China Light medical cosmetology accounts for a high proportion of the overall medical beauty project scale.

Source: iResearch.

Figure 5: China Light medical cosmetology market size

Source: iResearch.

In terms of raw materials in Light medical cosmetology, hyaluronic acid and botulinum toxin are the main injection fillers. According to ISAPS data, the plastic surgery projects using botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid reached 5.03 million and 3.3 million respectively, accounting for a total of 66%. According to the new oxygen big data, hyaluronic acid and botulinum toxin accounted for 66.59% and 32.67% respectively, accounting for a total of 99.26%.

Figure 6: Distribution of Injection Medicine Beauty in China

Source: New Oxygen Big Data

Upstream products have high technical barriers and strict listing approval, resulting in a high concentration of upstream manufacturers. In China, it takes 3-5 years to get the certificate of hyaluronic acid class III medical devices, and it takes 5-8 years to get the registration certificate of botulinum toxin drugs. Therefore, the upstream medical machinery link in the United States has a high moat advantage with strict policies and technical barriers. Up to now, a total of 16 enterprises in China’s mainland market have the registration certificate of hyaluronic acid class III medical devices issued by NMPA, while only 4 enterprises have the registration certificate of botulinum toxin biological drugs, of which only one is domestic.

Table 2: List of Domestic Approved Hyaluronic Acid and Botulinum Toxin Products

Source: NMPA, flint creation

Hyaluronic acid (commonly known as hyaluronic acid) is a kind of natural macromolecular mucopolysaccharide with N- acetylglucosamine and D- glucuronic acid as structural units, which widely exists in vertebrate connective tissues and body fluids, and has unique viscoelasticity and excellent water retention properties. At present, medical grade hyaluronic acid terminal products mainly cover three application fields: medical beauty, orthopedic treatment and ophthalmic treatment. In 2018, the medical beauty market was larger than other application fields, reaching 3.70 billion yuan, and the growth rate was higher than other fields, with a compound growth rate of 32.3% from 2014 to 2018. In 2020, it is estimated that the market scale of medical beauty hyaluronic acid terminal products in China will reach 4.82 billion yuan.

Figure 7: Market size of medical-grade hyaluronic acid end products in China (100 million yuan)

Source: Frost & Suliivan

China’s hyaluronic acid market is dominated by imports, and there is a large room for domestic substitution. At present, there are more than 20 kinds of hyaluronic acid products subdivided by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). In terms of sales, the top four companies in the hyaluronic acid market are all foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for 68% of the total in 2019, and imported products dominate. In terms of sales volume, the sales volume of domestic hyaluronic acid has exceeded 40% in 2018, and domestic brands have gradually emerged. With the continuous improvement of cross-linking method and production technology of domestic hyaluronic acid products, the gap between domestic products and imported products in terms of concentration, degree of cross-linking, particle size, hardness and cohesiveness is gradually narrowing, and the domestic substitution process of hyaluronic acid will be deepened.

Figure 8: China Medical Beauty HA Product Sales Ranking in 2019

Source: Frost & Suliivan

Figure 9: Sales ranking of HA products of China Medical Beauty in 2018

Source: Frost & Suliivan

Botulinum toxin (commonly known as botulinum toxin): It is a toxic protein secreted by botulinum in the process of reproduction and has strong neurotoxicity. Botulinum toxin, as a nerve agent, can inhibit the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings by irreversibly cutting the neurotransmitter conduction complex, thus causing muscle relaxation and paralysis. However, its biggest application scenario is not in the medical field, but for medical beauty needs such as dynamic wrinkle correction, face-lifting and stovepipe. The overall market scale of botulinum toxin in China is in the stage of rapid growth. According to Limu Information Consulting, the market scale of botulinum toxin sold through formal channels in China has accelerated since 2015, reaching 3.92 billion yuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 32%.

Because the product is highly toxic, it is strictly regulated by the state. At present, there are only four official certifications in China (Hengli made in China, BOTOX imported from the United States, Dysport made by Ipsen in Britain and Letty Bo developed by Hugel in Korea). There are still seven botulinum toxin products in the process of applying for qualification. Looking around the world, the United States is the dominant company, Korean botulinum toxin producers all have the layout in China, and other manufacturers are researching botulinum toxin products, and Britain, Germany, Russia and India all have product layouts.

Laser beauty equipment: There are many kinds of equipment in the medical beauty equipment market, among which laser beauty equipment achieves the effect of plastic surgery through "light intervention" and becomes the backbone of the beauty medical market. Laser beauty instrument can be used in the fields of skin softening, nevus removal, wrinkle removal, hair removal and so on. According to public information, China’s laser beauty instrument market has developed rapidly. In 2019, the market scale was 2.84 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.73%.

Laser beauty instrument depends on imports, and domestic products are gradually recognized in the market. Although there are many laser medical beauty equipment enterprises in China, the mainstream equipment is mostly imported products. In the photoelectric equipment industry, foreign giants and local dominant enterprises are relatively mature, and the industry concentration is high. At present, the common suppliers of imported laser medical equipment include Alma in Israel, Lumenis in the United States, and Cynosure in the United States, accounting for 80% of the regular equipment and occupying a dominant position. The domestic medical and beauty equipment industry started late, and the technical foundation of enterprises is relatively weak. Domestic laser medical beauty enterprises have continuously enhanced their R&D capabilities, improved product quality, and gradually increased their market share through extension investment, mergers and acquisitions, and independent research and development. In terms of specific products, Wuhan Qizhi Laser’s photon therapeutic instrument and semiconductor laser depilation instrument, Shenzhen Peninsula Medical acne therapeutic instrument, Shenzhen GSD’s multi-element rf beauty instrument and other products are gradually recognized in the market.

2. Downstream: the entry barrier of cosmetic and plastic surgery hospital industry is low, and the distribution is unbalanced; The trend of "internet plus" is expected to reconstruct the ecology of medical beauty industry.

At present, in the market of medical beauty hospitals in China, service terminals are mainly divided into public plastic surgery hospitals and private beauty hospitals. Generally speaking, private specialized beauty hospitals and their clinics occupy most of the market space. However, due to the concentration of top experts, scholars and surgeons in the industry, the most advanced medical beauty resources and technologies in China, standardized management and high trust, public hospitals are still a very important part of the domestic medical beauty industry. In the future, with the advancement of medical reform, public hospitals are expected to regain their vitality in the market competition of medical beauty and jointly promote the rapid development of China’s beauty industry with private capital.

At present, medical and aesthetic institutions and professionals are mainly concentrated in the developed areas in the east. Although the market coverage has been extended to the central cities in the central and western regions, the market space of the second, third and third tier cities in the central and western regions with greater market breadth is still blank, and there is still a lack of channels for product promotion and business expansion, and it will take time to expand downward. On the whole, China’s medical beauty market has formed a layout with Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing and Chengdu as the center of gravity, which can be roughly divided into four sectors: East China, North China, South China, Central China and West China, among which North China, East China and South China account for the vast majority.

Figure 10: Regional Distribution of China’s Medical Beauty Market

According to public information

Open up the relationship between medical and aesthetic institutions and consumers, and the Internet platform is expected to lead the reform of medical and aesthetic institutions. The main problem faced by private beauty hospitals is the high cost of sales and customer acquisition, and consumers are also faced with the embarrassment of asymmetric supply and demand information of medical beauty. The medical beauty APP platform mainly gathers users through the form of content+community+e-commerce or appointment referral, and builds a bridge for communication between B-end institutions, doctors and C-end customers, which improves the decision-making efficiency of users and reduces the marketing cost of institutions. From 2011 to now, dozens of medical beauty apps such as New Oxygen, Yuemei and Meituan Medical Beauty have emerged. Medical beauty App has purified the industry to a certain extent, promoted the medical beauty industry to transparency and standardization, and to some extent disintegrated the phenomenon of using the information of buyers and sellers to collect fees unequally. However, from the current point of view, the relevant medical beauty apps have not found a sustainable and stable profit model, and they still focus on business exploration in the short term.

Fourth, the future development prospects

At present, China’s medical beauty market is in the process of rapid development, and it faces the following outstanding problems: (1) The market is chaotic: raw materials and drugs of medical beauty are chaotic, and there are over-packaging of items and over-consumption of drugs; (2) The industry concentration is very low: the market share of head enterprises can only reach about 5%, and most of the markets are concentrated in some enterprises in the middle and long tail; (3) Medical resources can’t meet the demand: experts such as doctors and nurses, as well as hospital management talents are in short supply. With the rapid expansion of the medical beauty market, the medical resources in the industry will become more and more tense; (4) The supervision of the industry is still lacking: many medical and aesthetic supervision systems and policies are still in the process of exploration and improvement.

Since 2002, China’s supervision of medical beauty industry has become increasingly strict. The state has successively promulgated the management methods, institutional standards and classified management catalogue of medical beauty services, and promulgated the evaluation standards and detailed rules of medical beauty institutions. In 2016, China Plastic Surgery Association was established, and medical beauty service institutions officially entered the era of compliance. In 2020, eight ministries and commissions, including the Health and Health Commission, jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Comprehensive Supervision and Law Enforcement of Medical Beauty to crack down on illegal medical cosmetology and further rectify the medical beauty industry. With the increase of non-surgical items in the beauty market and the popularity of injection filling items, consumers’ complaints about after-sales service, quality and contract of medical beauty institutions have increased. Relevant departments should supervise medical beauty services and drugs in a targeted manner according to the development trend of the industry market, further promote the structural reform of the medical beauty industry, and improve the bad phenomenon of regaining customer marketing and neglecting professional medical care in the industry.

Table 3: Supervision Policy of Medical Beauty Industry in China

According to public information

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In the wave of "Yan value economy", everyone has a love of beauty, and the increase of per capita disposable income is an important factor to quickly enlarge the "love of beauty". In the medical and beauty industry chain, the domestic substitution of upstream raw materials and equipment has accelerated, while the downstream industries are more chaotic. However, the trend of "internet plus" is expected to reconstruct the ecology of medical beauty industry. At the same time, the state has issued a series of policies to continuously guide the industry to develop in a standardized and healthy way, and drive the industry to develop healthily.

* Disclaimer: This article is an original article for Flint, written by Xin Mingyu, and may not be reproduced without authorization.

In fact, the fuel consumption or battery life of the same class models are not much different now, so the high configuration is often more attractive to consumers. What xiaobian wants to introduce to you today is. Let’s take you to appreciate its style.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Touruiou first. The front shape of Touruiou looks very young and fashionable, and looks very young. Coupled with the avant-garde headlights, the overall look has a certain sense of hierarchy. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, and automatic opening and closing. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4974 mm * 2095 mm * 1986 mm. The car adopts soft lines, and the side of the car feels very avant-garde. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very avant-garde. Looking back, the rear of the car looks very angular, and the taillights are very simple. Overall, it is quite elegant.

In terms of interior, the interior looks very avant-garde and has a high overall recognition. The steering wheel of the car is very in line with the interior style, made of genuine leather and has an atmospheric shape. Let’s take a look at the central control, decorated with a 12.3-inch central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks simple and generous. The interior feels good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a clean dashboard and its design is relatively stable. The car uses leather seats, the seats are wrapped in place, and the overall ride feels soft and comfortable.

Touruiou matched automatic (AT) gearbox, with an acceleration time of 10.6s per 100 kilometers, has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

The performance of the trunk space of Turion Europe is relatively good, the opening size is in line with its positioning, and the family’s storage needs can be met. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

I wonder if you are excited about this car introduced today? You must also have a look at this car, which will definitely bring you unexpected surprises.

Recently, an open letter inside the ultra-Vietnamese car has aroused widespread concern. This letter was sent by Xia Yiping, CEO of Jiyue Automobile, in which he frankly stated that the company was facing unprecedented challenges, and announced that the company would enter the stage of entrepreneurship 2.0 and must take immediate measures to make adjustments.

Xia Yiping emphasized in the letter that the entire automobile industry is experiencing a storm of efficiency improvement. In order to cope with this change, the management of the company will go all out to tide over the difficulties with its employees. He pointed out that the company must do four things well in the new venture period: first, insist on long-term investment in core technologies to maintain a leading position; The second is to strengthen the construction of sales and service capabilities to cope with fierce market competition; The third is to merge departments and posts with overlapping functions and reform inefficient internal workflow; The fourth is to cut projects that cannot improve financial performance in the short term.

It is understood that Jiyue Automobile is a high-end smart car robot brand jointly built by Baidu and Geely Holding Group. It was officially released in August 2023, and the first model was also launched in October of the same year. However, despite being backed by two industry giants, the performance of Extreme Vietnam in the market is not satisfactory. Since the beginning of this year, both brand influence and sales have failed to enter the ranks of mainstream brands.

According to the data, in the first six months of 2024, the sales volume of Extreme Yue vehicles was 218, 147, 511, 362, 1,001 and 461 respectively, and the cumulative sales volume in half a year was less than 3,000. In contrast, the sales volume of the same brand in June reached 20,106 units, and the monthly sales volume was more than six times that of the half-year sales volume. Although the new car 07 went on the market in the second half of the year, the sales volume of Extreme Vietnam has improved, but there is still a big gap from the "10,000 clubs".

Facing the severe market situation, the internal adjustment of the ultra-Vietnam automobile is also quietly carried out. According to insiders, the adjustment measures mentioned by Xia Yiping in the open letter actually mean that the company will start to lay off employees and cut projects. In fact, as early as the beginning of December, there were rumors that the extreme Vietnam would start a large-scale layoff, with a ratio as high as 40%. Although the company’s legal department subsequently denied it, since the release of the open letter, many netizens said on social media that they had been abolished, most of them were front-line salespeople.

In addition to layoffs, Extreme Vietnam Auto was also exposed to the problem of arrears in supplier cooperation funds. According to the scientific and technological media "Tech Planet" report, Jiyue Automobile defaulted on the payment of 360,000 yuan to the communication supplier, which was overdue and refused to pay the reminder letter for many times. In response to this matter and the delivery of new cars, Jiyue released a situation statement in the evening, indicating that the delivery of new cars is normal, and all parties are coordinating to fully promote the delivery of new cars and arrange payment in an orderly manner.

With the fermentation of public opinion, the live broadcast room of Extreme Yue Automobile has also been affected. Some netizens found that the official live broadcast room of Extreme Vietnam did not start broadcasting today, while the live broadcast rooms of other stores were normally opened, but the anchors were worried by the repeated questions from netizens and could not introduce the products normally. Some anchors even started to apply for jobs online, expressing their worries about their future career development.

Extreme Yue Auto also plans to make large-scale adjustments to offline stores. According to a salesperson, the clock-in time of its store has expired on the 16th of this month, when the company will inform the whole country how many stores to stay and which region to stay. It is reported that the best situation is to leave 50 stores. Another salesperson in Beijing said that all the stores in Beijing may be removed.

According to public information, as of the end of November, there were 140 offline stores, covering more than 40 mainstream cities across the country. Earlier, Xia Yiping publicly stated that he planned to open more than 250 stores in 2024. However, in the face of the current market situation and internal adjustment, this plan seems to be difficult to achieve.

On the History of Cars, No.10:From the initial conception, to the ROAD ROVER test drive, and finally to the original RANGE ROVER () as we know it, more than ten years have quietly flown by. By June 1970, this car series, which had a considerable influence in automobile history, finally appeared.Past Review: Click to view the 9th article — — History of Range Rover Cars (Prequel)

To some extent, it has many similarities with the earlier International Scout, Jeep Wagoneer or Bronco. They all provide better road driving performance and more comfortable interior while maintaining most of the off-road capabilities of the contemporary purebred off-road vehicles — — In other words, they are all the earliest SUV models, although no one had heard the word at that time.

But I have to say that they are quite different.

2Steel-aluminum mixed car body

Steel-aluminum mixed car body

Today’s vast majority of car fans, even today’s vast majority of Land Rover fans or riders, will probably think that the fourth-generation Range Rover, which was officially mass-produced in 2012, is the first model in the history of Range Rover to use a lot of aluminum alloy materials. However, this is not the case. The original Range Rover, which was put into production in 1970, has actually started to use aluminum alloys on a large scale.

△ The fourth generation Range Rover is the first Range Rover that uses a lot of aluminum alloy materials? No, all wet. The one behind her is.

When it comes to the whole Land Rover brand, aluminum alloy has been widely used since its birth. This was largely because it was difficult for ROVER Motor Company to buy enough steel — — In the early postwar period, Britain continued to maintain the rationing system during the war for quite a long time because of insufficient materials. At that time, there was a great gap in steel production in Britain, and because of the war, a large number of aluminum alloys, even magnesium-aluminum alloys, prepared for the aviation industry had a lot of redundancy — — Therefore, the engineers of ROVER used the magnesium-aluminum alloy body that looks extremely tall today on the original model of Land Rover, Land Rover Series I, with a steel chassis.

△ Land Rover has a long tradition of using aluminum alloy. The original Land Rover Series I was already a magnesium-aluminum alloy body with a steel chassis — — Of course, it must be said that the early Land Rover used magnesium-aluminum alloy, which was somewhat helpless.

On the other hand, this last resort has no adverse effect on Land Rover: compared with all kinds of steel that are more common in mass production vehicles, all kinds of aluminum alloys, including magnesium-aluminum alloys, are relatively low in density, so they are lighter in the same volume. At the same time, aluminum alloys are good in plasticity, easy to be processed into various shapes, excellent in strength and stronger in corrosion resistance than ordinary steel. If the supply is abundant and the price is low, aluminum alloy is simply the best choice as the body material of off-road vehicles.

△ The sectional view of the previous model of the original Range Rover, which is made of steel frame with aluminum alloy sheet metal installed outside.

Good plasticity means easy repair, light weight means that the high center of gravity of off-road vehicles can be reduced somewhat, while corrosion resistance and high strength mean more adaptability in the wild. Yes, all these are advantages. However, the premise is that the cost is not too sensational. Land Rover Series I directly uses magnesium-aluminum alloy used in the aviation industry, in fact, more because it is war surplus materials during World War II, and the price is quite low. If it is the usual material supply, the price of magnesium-aluminum alloy for aviation is simply shocking, which will definitely make Land Rover Series I become a complete luxury from such a "returning weapon".

By the time of the first generation of Range Rover, although it was no longer possible to obtain cheap materials such as aluminum-magnesium alloy by using the surplus materials of World War II, Land Rover still maintained its original tradition and used a large number of aluminum alloy materials. On the original Range Rover, except the rear door and engine compartment cover, the whole body sheet metal is made of aluminum alloy.

△ Until the Land Rover Series III in the 1970s, its body was still made entirely of aluminum alloy.

However, unlike the ordinary Land ROVER in the same period, the whole body is basically made of aluminum alloy. Because of its large body size, Range Rover used the "Safety Frame" structure that was previously used on ROVER P6 series cars (which was one of the most acclaimed and best-selling cars in Rover at that time). That is to say, the frame is mainly made of steel, and the aluminum plate is mainly used for sheet metal. Under the technical conditions at that time, this design provided better rigidity and durability, and at the same time, the characteristics of easy repair and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy were maximized.

△ The original Range Rover used the "Safety Frame" structure first used in ROVER P6 car series — — Combining the main structure of steel frame with aluminum alloy sheet metal (the picture shows ROVER 2000, the first mass production model of ROVER P6).

The steel frame of the car body was naturally designed by Range Rover’s team of engineers. In order to carry out the road test, the team of engineers added sheet metal to the trial steel frame to simply protect the occupants and internal mechanical structure of the car, and at the same time, let the trial car meet the requirements of legal road driving in the UK. However, these casual designs were recognized by the designers inside the team, so that the designer team headed by the famous British automobile designer David Bache didn’t make too many changes at all, and only perfected the headlights and front grille on the trial car, which were too simple and unsightly, and completely determined its styling design.

The shape of the original Range Rover is basically no different from that of the early test car. The designer team appreciates this shape very much, only changing the headlights and the front air intake grille.

Obviously, the judgment of the designer team headed by David Bache is completely correct. The shape of the original Range Rover is really neat and classic. Later, the second and third generation Land Rover Range Rover, as well as previous generations of Land Rover, also inherited many design elements of the original Range Rover, and have been well received by fans.

threeFrom gate three to gate five

From gate three to gate five

In the early years, the Land Rover Range Rover only had three doors, namely two side doors and a tailgate facing up and down, although the Range Rover was originally a five-seat car (of course, there are four-seat versions of the Range Rover today to provide maximum comfort for the back seat). The design of the three doors makes it as inconvenient to enter the back seat as to enter those sports cars with 2+2 seats. Moreover, the design of the three doors also makes the two side doors too big and overweight.

At the beginning of mass production, Range Rover only provided three-door models, and the design of the three-door model actually brought some inconvenience to quite a few consumers.

As a result, in order to solve this problem, in the late 1970s, some small car factories began to produce some five-door models based on the original Range Rover. One of the most famous works comes from Monteverdi, a Swiss car factory specializing in luxury cars and sports cars. This car factory began to develop a five-door Range ROVER in 1978, and the development work was greatly assisted by Rover Motor Company. The five-door Range Rover produced by this car factory — — This car is called RANGE ROVER MONTERDI— — It has been greatly welcomed by the market, which naturally makes ROVER Motor Company unable to do nothing.

After seeing this business opportunity, some third-party manufacturers began to provide five-door models based on self-modification, the most famous of which is RANGE ROVER MONTEVERDI. The development of this car itself has also been greatly assisted by Land Rover.

As a result, in 1981, the five-door version of Range ROVER made by Rover Motor Company was born. This car quickly swept the world, almost completely replacing the original three-door version of the original Range Rover in most markets. Even in some markets, ROVER Motor Company soon stopped selling the original three-door version of the original Range Rover. For example, in Britain, the three-door version of the Range Rover was no longer available since 1984.

RANGE ROVER MONTEVERDI

However, it should be noted that although the sales volume and output of the three-door original Range Rover were greatly reduced after the launch of the five-door model, in order to meet the needs of some markets, it was still produced in 1995, that is, the year when the original Range Rover stopped production, but it was only sold in a few markets such as the French market.

After determining that there is a huge demand for the five-door Range ROVER in the market, Rover also put into production its own five-door Range Rover in 1981.

In 1984, in addition to not selling the three-door version of the original Range Rover in many markets such as Britain, Range Rover began to be upgraded, and leather materials were used in cars, and automatic gearboxes could be selected to meet the needs of the market led by the United States, which hated manual gearboxes. In 1985, its interior was further changed. The instrument panel was changed into a newer style, modified from Austin Maestro, and the door interior panel was changed into a style modified from Austin Metro (with some walnut decoration).

In 1986, the appearance of the original Range Rover was changed for the first time. Since then, the most obvious distinguishing feature of the models produced is that the horizontal air intake grille has been changed.

In 1986, the appearance of Range Rover was slightly changed. The most significant change was the replacement of the front air intake grille. The original vertical air intake grille was replaced by a new horizontal plastic grille, which greatly strengthened the ability of pedestrian protection. In addition, the fog lamp (installed on the front bumper) has also become an optional configuration since then. At the same time, the installation position of the front seat is also reduced, which optimizes the ergonomic characteristics and makes the front driver and passengers more comfortable.

Two long wheelbase versions of the original Range Rover: Range Rover LSE (above) and Range Rover County LWB (below).

In order to improve the comfort of the rear passengers, in 1992, Range Rover introduced a long wheelbase version. The wheelbase of this car is 108 inches, which is 2743mm, which is 8 inches longer than that of the ordinary version — — Whether it is a three-door model or a five-door model, it adopts a wheelbase of 100 inches, that is, 2540 mm. This long wheelbase model is called "LSE" in the UK market and "County LWB" in the US market. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the standard 100-inch wheelbase version of the Range Rover chassis became the basis of the chassis discovered by the original Land Rover in 1989.

Note 2:At that time, both ROVER and Austin belonged to Austin Rover Group, so the original Range Rover used parts from Austin.

fourSuspension and control system

Continuously optimized suspension and control system

A great innovation of the original Range Rover is that it is different from all kinds of off-road vehicles using leaf springs at the same time. At the beginning of the birth of Range Rover, its suspension system — — The suspension form is very hard-core front and rear axle suspension — — Long-stroke coil springs were used, and the rear axle even adopted the design of separating the machine spring, which was extremely rare at that time, to provide good off-road performance and highway driving comfort at the same time.

The original Range Rover took the lead in adopting long-stroke spiral springs among similar models, which gave it quite good off-road performance.

Of course, at that time, this design caused many off-road enthusiasts to question, but the first generation of Range Rover immediately proved itself through off-road performance, and when many years later, other off-road vehicles began to introduce this design on a large scale to provide a larger suspension stroke, the advanced nature of this design was once again proved.

At the same time, it also has the road driving comfort without losing the contemporary family car.

However, the chassis of the original Range Rover can’t be said to be perfect. One disadvantage brought by this set of very soft long-stroke spiral springs (although each of them has a bearing capacity of 1600 pounds) is that the Range Rover will roll when turning at high speed on the highway. Because of this problem, the suspension stroke of the original Range Rover produced in 1980 was reduced by 20mm to improve the stability when driving on the road. Later, the anti-roll bar was added to further improve this performance.

On top of the original Range Rover of the 1993 model released at the end of 1992, it was further equipped with an air suspension system that was almost impossible to see in off-road vehicles at that time — — The air suspension system was first used on large trucks, and in the early 1990s, a few luxury cars began to be used — — At the same time, the road performance and off-road performance are improved.

fivepower-driven system

power-driven system

At the beginning of its publication in June, 1970, the original Range Rover model had only one power unit to choose from. The ROVER V8 engine with a displacement of 3.5L (maximum power of 135ps) was equipped with a 4-speed manual transmission and a full-time four-wheel drive system. This power plant can accelerate the original Range Rover to 100km/h in 15 seconds, and the top speed can reach more than 150 km/h.. Of course, this is not worth mentioning at all today, and it can even be said that it is very bad. However, when it was published in 1970, this performance had completely surpassed the vast majority of family cars in Europe at that time.

3.5L displacement ROVER V8 engine used in the early days of the original Range Rover.

Coupled with the excellent off-road performance and ride comfort of the original Range ROVER model, Rover Motor Company promoted it as "A Car For All Reasons", which is indeed true. In the product cycle of a quarter century, its power has naturally been upgraded: in 1982, a 3-speed automatic gearbox from was added; In 1985, this 3-speed automatic transmission was replaced by a more advanced ZF 4-speed automatic transmission. The 4-speed manual gearbox is gradually replaced by the 5-speed manual gearbox.

At the beginning of publication, the original Range Rover only provided 4MT gearbox.

As for the engine, in 1986, the Zenith-Stromberg carburetor was replaced by the electronic fuel injection system provided by Lucas, which improved the power output, fuel efficiency and emission performance. Since then, with the change of time, its electronic fuel injection system has been improved, and in the final version produced in 1990-1995, it has been updated to Lucas 14CUX. However, in relatively backward and hard areas, Range Rover continues to provide a carburetor-supplied version. In the later carburetor version, the carburetor was changed from the original Zenith-Stromberg carburetor to the version provided by Skinners Union.

The combination of 3.5L V8 engine and +4MT gearbox can make the early model of the original Range Rover complete 0-100km/h acceleration in 15 seconds, and the top speed is more than 150 km/h.

In addition, the displacement of the later Range Rover is also different. In 1990, the displacement of the original Range Rover was expanded to 3.9L, and in 1992 it was further expanded to 4.2L. The acceleration time from 0-100km/h has been shortened to 11 seconds, and the top speed has been increased to about 180km/h for the later models using the ROVER V8 engine with 4.2L displacement and the 4-speed automatic gearbox made by ZF.

In 1990, the engine displacement of the gasoline version of the original Range Rover was increased to 3.9L

Of course, as an off-road vehicle, besides gasoline power, a diesel engine is also essential. Since 1979, ROVER and Perkins have cooperated to implement a project called "Iceberg" (meaning "iceberg"). This project aims to develop a diesel version of the 3.5L V8 engine. At that time, two diesel engines based on 3.5L ROVER V8 were developed, which were naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions.

The 3.9L engine of the original Range Rover produced in 1990-1992.

However, because the diesel engine operates in a compression ignition mode different from that of the gasoline engine, the all-aluminum cylinder block of ROVER V8 — — The early all-aluminum engine strength was not so good — — Can’t bear this high pressure for a long time, so the project failed. However, the efforts to develop the diesel version of ROVER V8 engine were not completely in vain. The 4.2L displacement version of ROVER V8 gasoline engine mentioned earlier used the high-strength crankshaft developed for the "Iceberg" project at that time.

△ The acceleration time from 0-100km/h of the last gasoline version of the original Range Rover has been reduced to 11 seconds, and the top speed has reached about 180 km/h.

After the failure of the "Iceberg" project, ROVER did not give up his efforts to match a diesel engine for the original Range Rover, and finally this wish was realized by outsourcing the engine. Since 1986, Range Rover has produced a practical 2.4L inline four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine provided by VM Motori, an Italian diesel engine manufacturer. The models equipped with this engine are mainly aimed at several European countries with high emission taxes. In 1989, the diesel engine of the original Range Rover was updated to a 2.5L inline four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine also provided by VM Motori.

Not long after that, in 1992, the diesel engine developed by Land Rover, that is, the 2.5L inline four-cylinder turbocharged 200Tdi engine, was put on the original Range Rover, and then it was replaced by the newer 300Tdi engine with the same 2.5L inline four-cylinder turbocharged at the end of 1994.

However, although diesel engines are an indispensable option for off-road vehicles, the markets including Britain did not recognize these diesel vehicles at first — — Obviously, the quieter and smoother V8 gasoline engine sounds more trustworthy — — In order to prove the capability of diesel engine models, Land Rover broke several records in 1987: they used a Range Rover with a 2.4L inline four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine provided by VM Motori to drive continuously for 24 hours at a speed of over 160km/h to prove the performance and reliability of diesel vehicles.

sixA quarter-century classic

A quarter-century classic

As the beginning of Range Rover, the original Range Rover has been marketed all over the world for a quarter of a century. It can be said that with its forward-looking design, this model did not fall behind in the same period until it was delisted. The first use of long-stroke coil springs and air springs, the continuous improvement of suspension and power system, and the first attempt of luxury models and long-wheelbase versions have made this car a pioneer in many fields.

The original Range Rover, the previous model, three-door version.

However, the story of the original Range Rover is not just that. Because of its good reliability and excellent design rationality, this car has been transformed into a multi-purpose work car including ambulances and fire engines by many manufacturers, and it can be said to be the most SUV of its generation from all angles. Well, once again, at the beginning of the birth of Range Rover, there was no such word, and the original Range Rover was undoubtedly one of the models that defined the word.

Original Land Rover Range Rover, later version, five-door model.

Due to the changes of the times, the development of technology and the changes of consumers’ preferences, there may never be a Range Rover that can achieve such great success in so many fields again. Yes, maybe that’s why the original Range Rover is often called RANGE ROVER Classic. She is really such a classic.

　　　　

　　　　Jay Chou

　　　　Jay Chou Announces Record Sales

　　　　Jay Chou celebrates record sale

　　　　Jay Chou’s new song MV

　　　　Sina Entertainment News, Jay Chou (listening to songs) (Zhou Dong) held an all-Asian press conference on his new album "I’m Busy" in Taipei yesterday (November 1). Referring to the recent scolding battle with Chen Zeshan, the managing director of EMI Records, which belongs to Jolin Tsai, Zhou Dong directly admitted that he was the one who pointed out that he bought the chart, and even pointed out that the other party was not a good thing. He was even more angry to the point of bursting out. But he described Jolin Tsai as a smart person and believed that it would not damage the friendship between the two.

　　　　At the press conference, Yang Junrong, general manager of Jewell Music, announced that Zhou Dong’s pre-order number in Taiwan was 48,011. He bluntly stated that he would only release the real number, but since Zhou Dong’s new album has been downloaded online, the record company released it one day ahead of schedule and released the latest album of Zhou Dong’s "I’m Busy" yesterday.

　　　　Zhou’s mother, Ye Huimei, especially told him not to talk about the record industry buying the charts. However, Zhou Dong insisted that this was the truth and was not afraid at all. He also pointed out that Chen Zeshan was not a good thing, but he definitely did not target anyone, including Jolin Tsai. But when it came to Cai Yilin’s support for Chen Zeshan, Zhou Dong said: "There is nothing she can do if she wants to be friends with him. Forget it, don’t care about her, you can’t save her." Regarding the accusation of Chen Zeshan, Zhou Dong was not afraid, and he also counted that 6 artists and 4 record companies supported him, proving that his statement was correct. Zhou Dong admitted that he fired at Chen and testified against the buying of the charts, and when he said that he was angry, he was even more foul!

　　　　Honest numbers should be published

　　　　In addition, at the press conference, Sony’s general manager announced that the first batch of Jay Chou’s album shipments in the Asian market was 1,079,980, and even joked that this figure was not too large, supporting other companies to make public the figures. Zhou Dong pointed out that reputation is the most important thing, he is a competitive person, and he should publish honest figures and not suppress newcomers.

　　　　In addition, the press conference broadcast "I don’t deserve" MV, Zhou Dong admitted that 80% of the content is correct, telling about the artist’s love affair being followed by paparazzi, laughing that when he gets old, he will scold the paparazzi like Xie Xian and Song God, and he believes that he will not live a dull life until he gets married, but it is too early to say, because he is only 28 years old this year, but the content of the MV, the four kings will not help but cry when they see it. singtao/cfp/picture

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Editor in charge: Wang Yuxi

　　　 Movie Network News(Photo/Qian Jia Yiwen/Xie Yawei) On June 27, the children’s film "Looking for Jackie Chan" held its grand world premiere in Beijing. The red carpet of this premiere can be said to be full of stars, inviting four generations of young and middle-aged people, and more than 100 famous filmmakers to join in. Among them, there are popular stars such as Fan Wei, Zhang Hanyu, Xu Fan, Huang Lei, Gao Yuanyuan, Ma Yili, Zhang Jizhong, Huo Jianqi, Huang Jianxin, Ning Hao, Chen Hong and other famous directors and producers, as well as old artists such as Yu Yang, Tian Hua, Tao Yuling, Yu Lan, and even "non-film people" such as Jiang Kun, Feng Gong, Yang Lan, and Dong Qing came to join in the fun, and Jackie Chan led the appearance of the old and new generations of "Seven Xiaofu", which became the climax of the entire red carpet ceremony.

Jackie Chan and the old and new "Qixiaofu" group photo


Jackie Chan

Jackie Chan reunited with the old "Seven Xiaofu" and praised "Finding Jackie Chan"

　　　　On the same day, Jackie Chan led the old "Seven Xiaofu" members such as Yuan Hua and Yuan Qiu, as well as the new "Seven Xiaofu" composed of Ji Tao, Yi Yang, He Xiang, Wang Haixiang, Xu Dongmei, Yang Zheng, and Tu Shengcheng to make a collective appearance, setting off a climax on the scene. In the heyday of Hong Kong kung fu films, the films starred in or served as martial arts instructors by the old "Seven Xiaofu" members occupied more than half of the kung fu films at the Hong Kong Academy Awards and Taiwan Golden Horse Awards, becoming the mainstay of the golden age of kung fu films. In the film "Looking for Jackie Chan", not only Jackie Chan, Yuanhua, and Yuanqiu starred, but also Yuan Wu and Yuanbin. The executive producers and martial arts directors of the film were Yuan Ting and Yuanbao respectively. It was a rare scene for all seven members of the old "Seven Xiaofu" to reunite after 30 years.

　　　　"Looking for Jackie Chan" tells the story of Zhang Yishan, a Chinese child who lives with his parents in Indonesia. Because he likes martial arts, he comes to Beijing to look for Jackie Chan to be his teacher. After going through all kinds of ups and downs, he finally meets his idol. The film is humorous and entertaining. Not only do many popular stars join in, but also many old artists are invited to make cameos. Jackie Chan, who plays the "Big Green Leaf" in the film, praised the film. "At first, I decided to act in this drama because I felt that there were too few good children’s movies in China. Although I played myself, it was more like a’spiritual prop ‘throughout the film. I hope we can make more inspirational children’s films in the future."

Ma Yili and the article wear "couple’s clothing"

Dong Xuan and the nursery "collide shirts"

Ma Yili, article "Women sing and husband follow" Nursery, Dong Xuan "Collision shirt"

　　　　On the red carpet, there were more than 30 female celebrities present, and they all dressed in different styles and were radiant. Although she had been upgraded to a mother, Ma Yili’s knee-length purple suspender skirt made her look lively and agile, with the same short hair, a refreshing look. I don’t know if it was intentional or not, there was no article about walking with her wife, a black shirt on her upper body, pants are also purple, standard "couple clothes", and the whole "woman sings and husband follow".

　　　　The nursery wore a silver suspender tight skirt that day, highlighting her curvy figure, especially the design of the pattern and the bright fabric material, which is quite individual. Coincidentally, Dong Xuan’s knee-length dress has the same color and fabric selection as the nursery, but the style is different, from a suspender tight skirt to a tube top skirt.

High circle

Jiang Hongbo

Gao Yuanyuan’s white clothes and blue dress are pure, and Jiang Hongbo’s red clothes are dazzling

　　　　Gao Yuanyuan’s appearance in public has always been relatively low-key and casual. On that day, she still continued her own style, wearing a loose white shirt with a dark blue skirt below, and her hair was cut short, showing purity. Yan Bingyan also appeared in a white dress, but the V-neck on the back was open to the waist, which was sexy and enchanting. Xue Jianing, who is mostly a cute image, wore a white princess dress, which was fresh and pleasant.

　　　　The most eye-catching ones of the day were Jiang Hongbo and Shen Aojun, both of whom wore long red dresses with strong colors and close-fitting designs, making them sexy and charming, but also noble and elegant. Che Yongli’s dress could be called the most avant-garde, a tube top dress with a golden armor design on the upper body, and a string of golden flowers of the same texture on the left shoulder, which was full of metal, like a "female soldier". Another actress, Wang Yajie, was also very maverick. She gave up the dress that female stars must wear on the red carpet and appeared in a military uniform, looking cool and capable.

For more exciting events, please look forward to the world premiere of "Looking for Jackie Chan" on 19:35 CCTV6 on July 3.