Self-heating instant chafing dish becomes "online celebrity". Experts suggest to formulate corresponding standards and strengthen management.

　　You can eat a steaming hot pot with a glass of cold water without fire or electricity. Since the beginning of this year, "self-heating instant hot pot" with an average price around 35 yuan has mushroomed on various e-commerce platforms. Specific to the name, in addition to "self-heating instant hot pot", there are "portable pot", "micro hot pot", "light boiled hot pot" and "instant hot pot". What is a self-heating instant hot pot? Do you need a corresponding production license to produce this hot pot? How to ensure food safety? The reporter learned about the issues of public concern.

　　

　　Self-heating instant hot pot is popular now.

　　Low price, convenient use and monthly sales of more than 100,000 orders.

　　"An otaku is a must", "A must when traveling", "Spicy hot pot can be eaten if you want" and "4-8 people can have a party with friends and relatives just right" … Enter "self-heating convenient hot pot" on Taobao, and search for 1371 related stores and 20 brands. The manufacturers are mainly Sichuan and Chongqing, and the top seller is Chengdu catering hot pot brand. The price range of a single box is from 28 yuan to 38 yuan, and each box consists of a heating bag, a meat bag, a vegetarian bag, a wide flour bag and a butter bag. In an online store with high sales volume, the monthly sales exceed 100,000 orders.

　　According to a seller, self-heating instant hot pot means that you can enjoy steaming hot pot without fire or electricity, just with a cup of cold water. What is the principle of this? According to reports, the hot pot is divided into upper and lower layers. Before eating, you only need to put the ingredients with bottom materials into the upper layer, then put the heating bag composed of coke powder, activated carbon, salt and quicklime into the lower layer, and add cold water, which can immediately generate heat to heat the ingredients in the upper layer, so that the soup will boil and keep warm for 1 to 2 hours.

　　In addition to the hot online sales, there are also retail stores in many supermarkets. The reporter saw in a supermarket on Guanghua Avenue that the price of a brand of micro-hot pot was 35.8 yuan. A citizen who is choosing told the reporter that the self-heating instant hot pot is very convenient. After 15 minutes, you can eat it by pouring sesame oil. "It is simple, fast and has no smell of oily smoke. It is suitable for taking it on the road when traveling, and it tastes good!"

　　Favored by young people, the sales channel is mainly e-commerce

　　"Self-heating instant hot pot was produced in 2015, and it quickly became popular during the sugar and wine party this spring." Yuan Xiaoran, Secretary-General of Chengdu Catering Trade Association, introduced that it first rose in the circle of friends in Wechat business. As the self-heating technology is generally mature, more and more catering enterprises and food enterprises pay close attention to this field, and then gradually move towards e-commerce platforms and supermarkets such as Taobao and JD.COM.

　　At present, the consumer groups of convenient self-heating hot pot are mainly young people such as singles and office workers. Combined with young people’s consumption preferences, all manufacturers mainly use e-commerce channels. At present, well-known hot pot chains, including Dalongyi, Bashu Lazy, Xiaolongkan, Haidilao and Dezhuang, have "piled up" to launch various self-heating instant hot pot brand products. Most brands of instant hot pots can be bought on e-commerce platforms, and some can only be bought in physical stores or take-away platforms.

　　So, why is the self-heating instant hot pot so hot? The insiders believe that this "lazy hot pot" technology is relatively simple, easy to standardize and scale, and convenient for consumers to eat, so it suddenly became popular on social networks and quickly became a "online celebrity". In addition, according to the 2017 China Catering Report, every 10 yuan in China’s catering consumption comes from take-away. From the perspective of "lazy economy", the "decline" of instant noodles does not mean that the demand for instant noodles has decreased. As long as the products are iteratively upgraded in quality, they will naturally regain the favor of consumers.

　　"Follow the trend and trend. According to industry estimates, the convenient self-heating hot pot in the future will create an output value of 100 billion yuan a year. " The relevant person in charge of the Chengdu Food Chamber of Commerce said in an interview that the manufacturers of convenient self-heating hot pot in the market include hot pot catering enterprises, convenience food enterprises and condiment enterprises, among which there are nearly 100 "Made in Chengdu", and they are very optimistic about the prospect of convenient self-heating hot pot.

　　The industry is still in the initial stage, so it is necessary to ensure "safety and hygiene"

　　However, some insiders suggested that self-heating instant hot pot, as an innovative food category, is still in the initial stage. Due to the low threshold, most raw materials in actual production are assembled and produced in the form of OEM, and there is no industry standard to regulate it, resulting in the lack of standards for its production enterprises and self-heating hot pot products. A staff member in charge of food supervision of chenghua district Municipal Bureau of Market and Quality Supervision revealed that it is worrying that the self-heating instant chafing dish has not been included in the Catalogue of Food Production License. The reporter checked the 2016 edition of the Catalogue of Food Production Licenses issued by the State Food and Drug Administration and found that only fried instant noodles, instant rice, instant porridge, instant rice noodles, etc. were found in the catalogue of instant foods, and no self-heating instant hot pot was found in the whole catalogue. At the same time, reporters found on Taobao, JD.COM and other platforms that some buyers gave many bad reviews, such as "the meat in the hot pot bag stinks" and "a hair was found in the bag".

　　"As a category of innovative food, it basically showed a trend of barbaric growth when it first came out." Li Cheng, member of the Chengdu Food Safety Expert Committee and dean of the College of Food Science of Sichuan Agricultural University, told the reporter that hot pot is a special food in Chengdu and Chongqing, and it is necessary for relevant government departments to introduce relevant policies to ensure its healthy development while strengthening management.

　　Li Cheng suggested that the government should formulate a set of detailed rules on production, management and operation, and determine the standards, so that all self-heating instant chafing dish merchants can produce and operate according to the standards; At the same time, we should do more in-depth research, combine local characteristics, and try our best to ensure its characteristics; In addition, we must strictly implement the relevant food supervision regulations of the state, provinces and cities to ensure their safety, hygiene and reliability.

　　The reporter interviewed many hot pot merchants such as Huangcheng Mom and Xiaolongkan. Everyone agreed that self-heating hot pot, as an innovation and extension of hot pot food, is the crystallization of the wisdom of many hot pot merchants. Government departments should formulate relevant standards to protect and promote development and standardize the industry. "We will also proceed from ourselves and resolutely achieve food safety and hygiene." Kong Linglong, general manager of the administrative department of Huangcheng Mom, said.

　　"As far as I know, the relevant departments in Chengdu are formulating relevant regulations on the production license of self-heating instant hot pot." Lin He Yi, the media public relations officer of Xiaolongkan, told the reporter that it is expected that the introduction of the regulations will prevent unqualified manufacturers from disrupting the market, eliminate enterprises with poor quality and no food safety guarantee, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole hot pot industry.

　　Chengdu Evening News reporter Jerry Lee Intern Zhang Qiao Dong Ruizhou Photo Report

Graduation season is coming.

Recently, the Ministry of Education organized

"College graduates in 2023.

Employment and Entrepreneurship Policy Publicity Month "

A total of 1866 policies at all levels were collected.

What policies are there to promote employment?

Let’s watch ↓ ↓ ↓

01 national policy

one

Enterprises have subsidies to absorb graduates.

Enterprises employ unemployed college graduates in the graduation year or within 2 years after leaving school, and registered unemployed 16-mdash; 24-year-old youth can enjoy a one-time employment subsidy.

Shanghai provides a subsidy of 2,000 yuan/person to employers who recruit the 2023 college graduates.

Guangdong province gives employment subsidies to start-ups that attract college graduates. Those who employ 3 people (including 3 people) or less will be subsidized according to the standard of 2000 yuan per person; Recruiting more than 3 people will be given a subsidy of 3000 yuan for each additional person.

On the Employment and Entrepreneurship of College Graduates

And these policies ↓ ↓ ↓

2

After the expiration of the service at the grassroots level, you can enjoy policies such as special recruitment.

College graduates can participate in the "three supports and one support" plan, the "special post plan" for rural teachers, and the plan for college students to volunteer for the western region. After the service expires, they can enjoy policies such as extra points for postgraduate entrance examination, targeted recruitment of civil servants, and special recruitment of public institutions.

Henan provides a living allowance of up to 2,700 yuan/month to volunteers who participate in the rural revitalization plan.

Guangxi’s living allowance standard for "three supports and one support" personnel is 36,000 yuan per person per year. Those who meet the requirements will enjoy a one-time resettlement fee of 0.3 million yuan, and will be given subsidies for hard areas and township work.

three

Increase the amount of self-employment loans

College graduates can apply for a business guarantee loan of up to 200,000 yuan for their own business, and the loan amount can be appropriately increased if they start a business in partnership.

Heilongjiang has raised the maximum loan amount to 3 million yuan for qualified small and micro enterprises established by college graduates.

In Anhui, if college graduates who have graduated within 2 years set up small and micro enterprises for the first time and have been operating normally for more than 3 months, the employment subsidy fund will give them a one-time business start-up subsidy of not less than 5,000 yuan.

four

There are subsidies for participating in skills training.

The state implements youth-specific skills upgrading actions, and college graduates can participate in youth apprenticeship training, skills training and other training contents according to their own conditions to upgrade their technical skills, and enjoy vocational training subsidies according to regulations.

The Ministry of Education implemented the "Central Special Lottery Public Welfare Fund Hongzhi Navigation Aid Plan" to carry out online and offline centralized training.

five

Join the army and enjoy the "four priorities" policy.

College graduates who enlist for compulsory military service enjoy the priority of registration, medical examination and political examination, examination and approval, and the priority of using the "four priorities" policy.

six

Who can apply for employment internship?

The state has implemented a plan to raise millions of employment trainee positions, and college graduates who have not been employed within 2 years of leaving school, 16-mdash; The 24-year-old unemployed youth can take part in 3-12 months’ employment probation, carry out post practice training, and be given basic living expenses by the probation unit to handle personal accident insurance.

Shanxi has implemented the "30,000 Employment Probation Post Recruitment Plan", and all the business handling such as employment probation post declaration, internship application, supply and demand docking, subsidy application, etc. have been realized through the "public service platform integrating people and society".

Gansu implemented the "Million Employment Trainees Recruitment Plan" and recruited a large number of trainees. For employers who provide internship positions, internship subsidies ranging from 1,200 yuan to 1,500 yuan per month will be implemented according to the policy.

seven

Poke the link to get employment service help

Unemployed college graduates can get help from public employment services through the following platform websites.

For recruitment information, you can log in:

Ministry of Education National Employment Service Platform for College Students

Official website, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

National recruitment platform

Zhongzhi recruitment platform

China human resources market network

China Public Recruitment Network

Employment service platform for college graduates

new jdbs

"Employment Online"

Tuantuan micro-employment

eight

No longer issue "employment registration card"

From 2023, the "employment registration card" will no longer be issued, and the employment registration card will no longer be used as a necessary material for handling the procedures of college graduates’ recruitment, settlement, and file reception and transfer.

02 local policies

Local governments have also introduced employment and entrepreneurship policies.

Graduates can log in

National employment service platform for college students

"College graduates in 2023.

Employment and Entrepreneurship Policy Publicity Month "column

View relevant policies

03 employment trap needs to be guarded against

Five precautions for job hunting

Yifanghei intermediary

Second, prevent arbitrary charges

Sanfang training loan

Four-prevention paid practice

Five prevention of illegal pyramid schemes

"three essentials" for job hunting

First, we must enhance our awareness of job security.

Second, we must use formal job search channels.

Third, we should use laws to safeguard employment rights and interests.

When applying for a job, you can go to the job fair in colleges and universities, local public employment talent service institutions, or honest and standardized business human resources service institutions to apply for a job.

After finding the information about the intended job, communicate with relatives and friends with certain social experience, and listen to their opinions or work experience in related fields calmly.

After receiving the recruitment invitation, check the relevant information online in time, especially to check the registration or filing of the employer on the official website of the market supervision department. If the relevant information is not found, it means that the unit may not exist.

If you encounter a job trap, please immediately complain to the human resources and social security department.

If personal safety is threatened, please call the police immediately.

Bless every graduate.

The job search is smooth and the future is bright

Producer Tang Yi

Producer Yi Fang Yi Ting Wen Fan

Planning Rongmengyan

Editor Sun Linxuan

Smoke billowed from the chimney. Zhang Xinyan’s information

　　　　　　　　On June 1st, the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Tort Liability Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation) was issued. There are 19 articles in the Interpretation, which mainly include: the principle of imputation and the reasons for exemption; The responsibility of several people to discharge pollutants; Liability for environmental pollution caused by the fault of the third party; Distribution of burden of proof; Provisions on evidence; Evidence preservation; The responsibility of the polluter; Responsibilities of relevant environmental service agencies; Scope of application and limitation of action.

　　　　　　　　What are the highlights of the Interpretation and what impact will it bring? The reporter interviewed Sun Youhai, former deputy director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office, now professor of Tianjin University and dean of law school on these issues.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsWhat is the imputation principle of environmental pollution tort liability in the Interpretation?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe essence of Article 1 of the Interpretation is whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution. In practice, there are two opinions on whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution.

　　　　　　　　One view is that in the past, some laws regarded "illegality" as one of the constitutive requirements of environmental pollution responsibility, so it should be adhered to. Another view is that Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law does not distinguish whether pollutants are discharged legally, but whether the polluter is at fault or not, and the polluter shall bear tort liability. In other words, even if the pollutant discharge behavior of the polluter meets the requirements of national or local pollutant discharge standards, it shall bear tort liability as long as it causes damage.

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation adheres to the "no-fault principle", that is, no matter whether the polluter is subjectively "intentional" about the pollutants discharged, as long as it discharges pollutants and causes damage, it should bear civil liability. This is the inevitable result of the development of international environmental law and the concrete embodiment of the development of China’s environmental law. According to this provision, the people’s court will not support the claim that the polluter does not assume responsibility on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards.

　　　　　　　　There are also many cases for reference in trial practice. For example, the People’s Court of Longtan District, Jilin City (2004) Long Min Yi Chu Zi No.1377 case.

　　　　　　　　The defendant is a chemical enterprise that produces sulfuric acid, and the vineyard planted by Wang is nearby. Wang sued the court for the defendant’s discharge of sulfur dioxide, which caused his grapes to be reduced due to pollution, while the defendant argued that it was a discharge unit that reached the standard through special environmental impact assessment.

　　　　　　　　The court held that the national or local pollutant discharge standards are only the basis for the environmental protection department to decide whether the pollutant discharge unit needs to pay sewage charges and carry out environmental management, rather than the boundary for determining whether the pollutant discharge unit is liable for compensation. The legal discharge of pollutants by enterprises may also lead to dangerous results of damage to others, and there should be relief if there is damage. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution does not regard illegality as a necessary condition for the actor to bear civil liability, which shows that the constitution of environmental civil liability does not require the actor’s behavior to be illegal.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow should several polluters bear the responsibility for causing damage by polluting the environment?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiSeveral polluters commit environmental pollution, including two situations: first, several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution; Second, several polluters commit environmental pollution behaviors respectively. Articles 2 and 3 of this Interpretation respectively stipulate these two situations.

　　　　　　　　First, if several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution and cause damage to the infringed, they shall be jointly and severally liable in accordance with Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　Second, if several polluters respectively commit environmental pollution and cause the same damage, the Interpretation stipulates that three situations should be distinguished.

　　　　　　　　It should be noted that Articles 2 and 3 of the Interpretation stipulate how several polluters should be held responsible for the damage caused by environmental pollution. If it is necessary to determine how to share the responsibility among several polluters, the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation shall apply.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to bear the responsibility for environmental pollution damage caused by the fault of the third party?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiIn practice, some environmental pollution behaviors are caused by the fault of a third person other than the polluter and the infringed. In this case, in order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed, Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law stipulates that the infringed may choose to request the polluter or a third party to compensate.

　　　　　　　　However, the Tort Liability Law does not clarify the litigation status of the polluter and the third party. If the polluter is also at fault for polluting the environment, how should the third party bear the responsibility and whether the polluter can claim to reduce or exempt the responsibility on the grounds of the third party’s fault. To this end, the fifth article of this Interpretation stipulates three aspects.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsThe Interpretation stipulates the burden of proof of the infringer and the polluter respectively. How should the parties give evidence?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 6 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of the infringed, which is based on Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law. In practice, there is no dispute that the infringed should bear the burden of proof for the pollution behavior and the damage facts. However, there are two opinions on whether the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage results.

　　　　　　　　One view is that according to Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law, the principle of inversion of the burden of proof of causality applies to environmental pollution liability disputes, and the polluter should bear the burden of proof for the absence of causality, and the infringed should not bear any burden of proof for causality; Another view is that the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage. After research, the second opinion was adopted.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of polluters, which is based on the provisions of Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law. According to Article 66 of Tort Liability Law, polluters should bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between behavior and damage. However, under what circumstances, the people’s court can determine that the polluter has completed the burden of proof, which is not clearly stipulated in the law and has different practices in practice. After repeated research, Article 7 of the Interpretation stipulates four situations.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsIt is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in some cases. How should we deal with it?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe trial of civil cases of environmental pollution often involves specialized issues such as pollutant identification, loss assessment, causal relationship identification, etc., and the judicial appraisal institution needs to issue appraisal opinions. However, at present, there are few institutions with environmental pollution appraisal qualifications, long appraisal period and high cost, which are difficult to meet the practical needs of handling cases.

　　　　　　　　In view of this, the Interpretation refers to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution, which clearly stipulates that if it is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in the case, it may entrust a judicial appraisal institution with relevant qualifications to issue an appraisal opinion or an institution recommended by the environmental protection department of the State Council to issue an inspection, testing or monitoring report.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to play an expert role in the trial of environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiEnvironmental tort liability disputes involve many technical and professional issues, and the parties often can’t meet the needs of litigation according to their own knowledge. Judges and litigation agents entrusted by the parties are generally expert in law, but they are not necessarily clear about the technical problems in the facts of the case.

　　　　　　　　In order to fully protect the litigation rights of the parties, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and help the judge to judge in the middle and correctly identify the facts, the Interpretation clearly stipulates the procedures and functions of people with specialized knowledge to appear in court according to Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　First, the procedure for people with specialized knowledge to appear in court. If it is necessary for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court, the parties concerned shall apply to the people’s court and explain the reasons. If a party fails to apply, the people’s court may explain it to him if it deems it necessary;

　　　　　　　　Second, the role of people with specialized knowledge in court. People with specialized knowledge appear in court, mainly to give opinions on expert opinions or professional issues such as pollutant identification, damage consequences and causality. Moreover, the opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What civil liabilities should the polluter bear in environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiAccording to Article 15 of Tort Liability Law, the main ways to bear tort liability are: stop the infringement; Remove obstacles; Eliminate danger; Return property; Restore to the original state; Compensation for losses; Apologize; 8 kinds, such as eliminating influence and restoring reputation. Among them, "returning property" belongs to the typical right of claim, and "eliminating influence and restoring reputation" belongs to the typical category of personality right. According to the characteristics of environmental damage, returning property, eliminating influence and restoring reputation generally do not apply to environmental tort liability disputes.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Interpretation stipulates that the people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringed person and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Among them, "restitution" mainly requires the infringer to bear the responsibility of pollution control and ecological restoration, including in-situ restoration and off-site restoration. If the infringer fails to control or repair or is unable to control or repair, the people’s court may entrust the relevant unit to perform it on his behalf, and the expenses shall be borne by the polluter. "Compensation for losses" includes the property loss and personal loss caused by the infringed party’s pollution behavior and the expenses incurred by necessary and reasonable measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminate pollution.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What responsibilities should environmental service agencies bear?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 65 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that environmental impact assessment institutions, environmental monitoring institutions and institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment and pollution prevention facilities, if they resort to deception in relevant environmental service activities and are responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage, they shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and shall also be jointly and severally liable with other persons responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　　　　　　　In order to enhance the practical operation of this article and unify the applicable standards of the law, Article 16 of the Interpretation stipulates that if one of the circumstances is met, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to understand the relationship between the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe newly revised Civil Procedure Law and Environmental Protection Law both stipulate environmental civil public interest litigation and private interest litigation. These two types of litigation have commonalities in ascertaining the facts of the case and taking responsibility, while public interest litigation is different from private interest litigation in the aspects of litigation subject, litigation purpose and litigation request.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Supreme People’s Court drafted the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases. Among them, the Interpretation applies not only to environmental civil public interest litigation, but also to environmental civil private interest litigation, stipulates the general rules applicable to both types of litigation, and focuses on regulating substantive issues such as how polluters bear responsibility; The Interpretation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation only provides special rules applicable to public interest litigation, focusing on standardizing procedural issues such as parties and jurisdiction of environmental public interest litigation.

What impact does the Interpretation bring?

　　　　　　　　1. To the people’s court

　　　　　　　　In view of the problems existing in the environmental trial, the Interpretation clarifies the boundaries of civil liability that all relevant subjects should bear, which will greatly improve the quality and effectiveness of the trial and help improve the judicial credibility.

　　　　　　　　2. To the environmental protection department

　　　　　　　　In the process of drafting the Interpretation, the opinions of the competent department of environmental protection were fully solicited, and the relationship between the trial work of the people’s court and the administrative management of the competent department of environmental protection was clarified, which greatly reduced the pressure of letters and visits to environmental protection, and was bound to help improve the work efficiency of the competent department of environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　3. For polluters

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the polluter’s no-fault principle for his own pollution behavior, and also clarifies how to bear the burden of proof when several polluters commit environmental pollution and a third person causes damage. Therefore, it will play a positive role in distinguishing right from wrong and distinguishing responsibilities, thus increasing the compensation of polluters and promoting environmental improvement.

　　　　　　　　4. For pollution victims

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the responsibilities of relevant subjects such as polluters, polluters and victims, and between them and third parties, which greatly facilitates polluters to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law. At the same time, it also clarifies some of the burden of proof that pollution victims should bear, which is objectively conducive to preventing the occurrence of indiscriminate complaints.

　　　　　　　　5. Environmental service agencies

　　　　　　　　In order to implement the new environmental protection law, the Interpretation clearly stipulates that environmental service agencies shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation for fraud that may occur in their service work. This will objectively promote them to improve their integrity and do their due diligence in environmental services within their own scope according to law.

Attached to the original interpretation:

　　　　　　　　In order to correctly hear environmental tort liability disputes, this interpretation is formulated in accordance with the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tort Liability Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Procedure Law and other laws, combined with trial practice.

　　　　　　　　the first No matter whether the polluter is at fault or not, the polluter shall bear tort liability for damage caused by environmental pollution. The people’s court shall not support the claim that the polluter is not liable on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards..

　　　　　　　　Where the polluter does not bear the responsibility or reduces the responsibility, the provisions of the marine environmental protection law, the water pollution prevention law, the air pollution prevention law and other separate laws on environmental protection shall apply; Where there are no provisions in the specific law on environmental protection, the provisions of the Tort Liability Law shall apply.

　　　　　　　　the second If two or more polluters jointly commit pollution acts and cause damage, and the infringed party requests the polluters to bear joint liability according to Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law, the people’s court shall support it.

　　　　　　　　Article If two or more polluters commit pollution acts separately and cause the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is enough to cause all damage, the people’s court shall support the infringer’s request that the polluters bear joint liability according to Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case that two or more polluters have committed pollution acts respectively, causing the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is not enough to cause all the damage, and the infringed party requests the polluter to bear the responsibility according to Article 12 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case where two or more polluters respectively commit pollution acts that cause the same damage, and some polluters’ pollution acts are enough to cause all the damage, while some polluters’ pollution acts only cause part of the damage. In accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law, the infringed party requests the polluter that causes all the damage and other polluters to bear joint and several liability for all the damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 4 The people’s court shall determine the extent to which two or more polluters are responsible for polluting the environment according to the types, emissions, harmfulness of pollutants, whether there is a discharge permit, whether it exceeds the pollutant discharge standard, whether it exceeds the total discharge control index of key pollutants and other factors.

　　　　　　　　Article 5 The people’s court shall accept the case where the infringer sued the polluter and the third party separately or simultaneously according to the provisions of Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　If the infringed party requests the third party to bear the liability for compensation, the people’s court shall determine the corresponding liability for compensation according to the degree of the third party’s fault.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall not support the polluter’s claim that he will not bear the responsibility or reduce the responsibility on the grounds that the fault of a third party has caused damage to the environment.

　　　　　　　　Article 6 Where the infringed party requests compensation according to Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, it shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

　　　　　　　　(1) The polluter has discharged pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(2) the damage caused by the infringer;

　　　　　　　　(3) There is a correlation between pollutants discharged by polluters or secondary pollutants and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 If the polluter proves one of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall determine that there is no causal relationship between the pollution behavior and the damage:

　　　　　　　　(a) the discharged pollutants did not cause the damage;

　　　　　　　　(2) The discharged pollutants that can cause the damage have not reached the place where the damage occurred;

　　　　　　　　(three) the damage occurred before the discharge of pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(4) Other circumstances in which it can be determined that there is no causal relationship between pollution behavior and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 8 For the specialized problem of finding out the facts of environmental pollution cases, you can entrust a judicial authentication institution with relevant qualifications to issue an expert opinion or an institution recommended by the competent department of environmental protection of the State Council to issue an inspection report, test report, evaluation report or monitoring data.

　　　　　　　　Article 9 If a party applies to notify one or two persons with specialized knowledge to appear in court and put forward opinions on expert opinions, pollutant identification, damage results, causality and other professional issues, the people’s court may grant permission. If the parties fail to apply, the people’s court may interpret it if it deems it necessary.

　　　　　　　　The opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 10 The investigation report, inspection report, inspection report, evaluation report or monitoring data of environmental pollution incidents issued by the department responsible for environmental protection supervision and management or the agency entrusted by it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 11 For sudden or short-lasting environmental pollution, if the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain later, the people’s court shall allow the parties or interested parties to apply for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 12 If the respondent has one of the circumstances stipulated in Article 63 of the Environmental Protection Law, and the parties or interested parties apply for preservation according to Article 100 or Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court may order the respondent to immediately stop the infringement or take pollution prevention measures.

　　　　　　　　Article 13 The people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring to the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringer and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Article 14 If the infringer requests restitution, the people’s court may judge the polluter to bear the responsibility of environmental restoration according to law, and at the same time determine the environmental restoration expenses that the defendant should bear when he fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration.

　　　　　　　　If the polluter fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration within the time limit determined by the effective judgment, the people’s court may entrust others to carry out environmental restoration, and the expenses required shall be borne by the polluter.

　　　　　　　　Article 15 The people’s court shall support the infringer in suing the polluter for compensation for property losses and personal injuries caused by pollution and the reasonable expenses incurred by taking necessary measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminating pollution.

　　　　　　　　Article 16 Under any of the following circumstances, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law:

　　　　　　　　(a) the environmental impact assessment agency issued a seriously inaccurate evaluation document knowing that the materials provided by the client were false;

　　　　　　　　(two) environmental monitoring institutions or institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment deliberately conceal the fact that the client has exceeded the pollutant discharge standards or exceeded the total emission control indicators of key pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(3) Institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of pollution prevention facilities intentionally fail to operate or abnormally operate environmental monitoring equipment or pollution prevention facilities;

　　　　　　　　(four) other cases of fraud in the environmental service activities of the relevant institutions.

　　　　　　　　Article 17 Where the infringer brings a lawsuit and requests the polluter to stop the infringement, remove the obstruction and eliminate the danger, it is not subject to the limitation period stipulated in Article 66 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 18 This interpretation is applicable to the trial of civil cases that cause damage due to environmental pollution and ecological destruction, except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations for environmental civil public interest litigation cases.

　　　　　　　　This interpretation does not apply to disputes over adjacent pollution infringement and disputes over workers’ pollution damage in their professional activities.

　　　　　　　　Article 19 After the implementation of this interpretation, the provisions of this interpretation shall apply to cases of first and second instance that have not been concluded by the people’s courts. This interpretation does not apply to cases that have already made effective judgments before the implementation of this interpretation, and if they are retried according to law after the implementation of this interpretation.

　　　　　　　　After the implementation of this interpretation, if the judicial interpretation previously promulgated by the Supreme People’s Court is inconsistent with this interpretation, it will no longer apply.　 　 　　

　　Cctv news(Reporter Xu Hui): On January 23, Gaoyang County Office of the Leading Group for Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic released a briefing on the handling of illegal behaviors of Li Moumou, a cold chain employee. Li Moumou in this county repeatedly altered his and his wife’s the State Council client nucleic acid test certificate. Gaoyang County Public Security Bureau detained Li Moumou for 11 days and fined 600 yuan.

　　According to the report, according to the relevant regulations of provinces and cities, cold chain practitioners should conduct nucleic acid testing every week. After investigation by the police, it was found that Li Moumou, the person in charge of an aquatic product store in Gaoyang County, repeatedly altered his and his wife’s the State Council client’s nucleic acid test certificate from January 4 to January 18, 2022, and reported the altered certificate, so it was assumed that the two had carried out the nucleic acid test on schedule. Li’s behavior belongs to "forging, altering or buying and selling official documents, certificates, supporting documents and seals of state organs, people’s organizations, enterprises, institutions or other organizations". According to the first paragraph of Article 52 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment, Gaoyang County Public Security Bureau detained Li for 11 days and fined 600 yuan.

The richness of a car configuration is related to the user’s car experience, so many people are concerned about its configuration today. Let’s take a look at it together.

First of all, from the appearance, Magotan’s front face design takes an elegant route and adopts a strip net, which makes people unforgettable. At the same time, the headlights present a beautiful design style, which has promoted a certain level. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4866 mm * 1832 mm * 1479 mm. The car adopts dignified lines, and the side wall looks very sporty. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very spiritual. In the design of the rear end, the rear end looks full, and the taillights give people a very full feeling. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, the shape is relatively simple.

Sitting in the car, the interior design is very domineering and full of fighting atmosphere. The steering wheel of the car is well designed, made of genuine leather, and the visual effect is good. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a comfortable touch-control LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered, and the overall design of the central control is remarkable. The dashboard and seats are equally eye-catching. The car is equipped with a deep dashboard and its shape has taken a sports route. The car adopts imitation leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats, and seat proportion tilting, and it is very comfortable to ride.

Magotan is matched with a wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 137KW and a maximum torque of 320N.m, with good power performance.

In addition, the car is equipped with driving mode selection, remote control key, interior ambient light, engine start and stop, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) and other configurations.

After reading the above introduction, let’s make a summary. The car introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also has reached the mainstream level in various configurations, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience.

Established in January, 2001, Shanghai Education Newspapers and Periodicals General Agency is a direct unit of the Shanghai Education and Health Working Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shanghai Education Commission. It is the main media organization in Shanghai specializing in educational news propaganda and quality education for students, and it is the "main position, main channel and main force" to publicize and serve the educational reform and development in Shanghai.

At present, Shanghai Education Press Headquarters owns three kinds of newspapers, such as Oriental Education Times, Juvenile Daily and Shanghai Middle School Student Newspaper, seven kinds of periodicals, such as Shanghai Education, Modern Teaching, Shanghai Kindergarten, Success and Employment, modern students, Good Child Pictorial and Rehabilitation, and digital new media such as Shanghai Education News Network and First Education APP. There are dozens of WeChat WeChat official account such as Shanghai Education, First Education, First Education Professional Circle, Shanghai Education News Network, Youth Daily, Shanghai Kindergarten, Oriental Education Times, Oriental Parent-child Online, Science Selling, Shanghai Education Expo, Shanghai Education News Network, China Good Homework, Success and Employment. In addition, it also co-organized New Reading and Writing magazine with Shanghai Newspaper Group, and managed Shanghai Education Press and Publicity Center, China Education News Shanghai reporter station, World Mind Olympics Shanghai Association, etc. Shanghai Education Newspapers and Periodicals General Office has formed a brand-new pattern of deep integration and joint development of various media, and was rated as one of the first batch of "digital publishing transformation demonstration units" in China by the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television.

Shanghai Education Press General Office has long adhered to the core concept of "loyalty education, dissemination of value, education first and reader-oriented" and attached great importance to the construction of media content quality. Oriental Education Times, Youth Daily, Shanghai Middle School Student Daily, Shanghai Education, Shanghai Kindergarten, Good Children Pictorial, modern students and New Reading and Writing have been successively awarded the National Excellent Children’s Newspaper Gold Award, Double-effect Periodical and Chinese Core Periodical by the State Press and Publication Administration. In the comprehensive editing and proofreading quality inspection carried out by Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau, all three newspapers of Shanghai Education Press and Publication Corporation were rated as "excellent" and seven magazines were rated as "excellent" or "good". Among them, Oriental Education Times ranked first in editing and proofreading quality among 97 newspapers in Shanghai.

Shanghai Education Press Head Office has always adhered to the principle of "rooted education and service education", actively expanded modern education services such as exhibitions, consultation, training, activities and publishing around the main business of the media, and gradually cultivated more than 30 kinds of educational services, such as World Mind Olympics innovation activities, Shanghai Education Expo, parent-child carnival, Shanghai Education News Person of the Year selection, Lu Xun Youth Literature Award, middle school students’ ancient poetry reading contest, and Shanghai citizens’ lifelong learning and humanistic walk, to become educational media services.

Shanghai Education Press General Office has set up new air culture center, computer typesetting center for collecting articles, a printing center, Xueyou advertising company, New Age advertising company, new young reporter training school, reader service department, audio-visual studio and other economic entities, striving to provide richer and better services for education and society.

Shanghai Education Press Headquarters insists on scientific development, deepening connotation construction, changing development mode, striving to build a national first-class education media group, running a satisfactory education for the party and the people in Shanghai, taking the lead in realizing overall educational modernization, taking the lead in basically building a learning society, and constantly making new and greater contributions.

No.40 [2002] of Hangzhou Zhengban

　

District and county (city) people’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated units:

　　The "Measures for the Identification and Management of Famous Brand Products in Hangzhou" formulated by the Hangzhou Famous Brand Strategy Promotion Committee have been approved by the municipal government and are hereby forwarded to you. Please implement them carefully.

　

General Office of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 September 13th, 2002

　　

　　 Measures for the identification and management of famous brand products in Hangzhou

　　Hangzhou Famous Brand Strategy Promotion Committee

　　(July 18th, 2002)　

　

　 In order to promote the implementation of the famous brand development strategy, improve the popularity and market share of Hangzhou products, enhance market competitiveness and promote Hangzhou’s economic development, according to the Product Quality Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Notice of the municipal government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of Hangzhou’s Quality Revitalization (1999-2010) (Hang Zheng [1999] No.15), the measures for the identification and management of famous brand products in Hangzhou are formulated.

　　First, the scope and principles of identification

　　(1) The term "famous brand products in Hangzhou" as mentioned in these Measures refers to industrial and agricultural products produced within the territory of our city and recognized by the Hangzhou Famous Brand Strategy Promotion Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Famous Brand Selection Committee) in accordance with these Measures.

　　(two) the Municipal Selection Committee unified organization and implementation of Hangzhou famous brand product identification and management. The member units of the Municipal Selection Committee are composed of the municipal government and its relevant departments and social organizations. The Municipal Selection Committee has an office composed of members of the Municipal Selection Committee and relevant industry departments, and is responsible for the daily affairs of the Selection Committee. The office of the Municipal Selection Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Famous Brand Office) is located in the Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.

　　(3) According to the product classification, the Municipal Selection Committee consists of several professional evaluation groups, which are mainly composed of quality management, standardized management, technological progress, marketing and industry associations (societies), and determines the evaluation scheme of famous brand products in Hangzhou according to the product categories and conducts evaluation. Experts participating in the review shall be appointed by the Municipal Selection Committee, and a rotation system shall be implemented.

　　(four) the identification of famous brand products in Hangzhou, adhere to the principles of science, justice, openness and voluntary application by enterprises, implement total control, and choose the best. Give priority to market evaluation, user evaluation and quality evaluation, and do not engage in lifelong system. The identification of famous brand products in Hangzhou is carried out once a year.

　　(5) The cultivation and development of brand-name products are guided by the national industrial policy, agricultural policy and market demand, with emphasis on: the whole machine products and final products of leading industries, traditional pillar industries and high-tech industries, high-tech products, high-value-added products and high-export products; Planting, breeding and agricultural and sideline products, special and excellent products.

　　(six) Hangzhou famous brand product identification work does not charge the applicant enterprises, and does not increase the burden on enterprises. The required expenses shall be arranged by the municipal finance.

　　Second, the reporting conditions

　　(1) Industrial products

　　1, in line with national laws, regulations and industrial policies;

　　2. The enterprise has a registered trademark registered and approved by the State Trademark Office, and has high visibility and reputation in related industries;

　　3, the market share, export earnings in the forefront of similar products in the province or the city, good after-sales service, high user (consumer) satisfaction, good market evaluation;

　　4. The technical level and physical quality of products have reached the advanced level of similar products at home and in the province, and they are in a leading position;

　　5. Mass production has been completed for three years, and a certain economic scale has been formed. The annual sales income of machinery, chemicals, building materials, metallurgy, light industry and food products is more than 50 million yuan, and the annual sales income of medicine, electronics, clothing products and high-tech products is more than 30 million yuan. The sales of daily consumer products rank among the top in the province or the city.

　　6, the enterprise has advanced and reliable production technology and equipment, technological innovation, new product development ability in the forefront of the industry in the city, and has a good development prospect;

　　7. Established a relatively perfect measurement guarantee system and standardization system (level 3 or above);

　　8. The enterprise has passed the quality system certification and operated effectively, and the total quality management has achieved results, and the product quality has been steadily improved for a long time and can be continuously improved.

　　(2) Agricultural products

　　1, in line with the development direction of agricultural industrial policy, production and operation behavior in accordance with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations;

　　2. The enterprise has a registered trademark registered and approved by the State Trademark Office, and has a high visibility and reputation;

　　3. Batch production has been completed for 3 years, and there is a fixed production base for agricultural raw materials, forming a larger breeding scale or production scale;

　　4, high-tech products, product quality in the province or the city in the advanced level of similar products;

　　5, advanced production technology, in strict accordance with product standards or local agricultural standards, the implementation of standardized management before, during and after delivery, with a quality management system to ensure the stable improvement of product quality;

　　6. Strong market competitiveness, high market share and high user (consumer) satisfaction;

　　7. Good economic benefits. In principle, the sales revenue of the previous year must reach more than 10 million yuan, and it has good development prospects.

　　(three) any of the following circumstances, does not belong to the scope of Hangzhou famous brand products:

　　1, nearly three years by the national, provincial and municipal quality supervision and spot checks were identified as unqualified, or major quality accidents, major claims;

　　2, users and consumers generally reflect the existence of quality problems;

　　3, included in the scope of compulsory management of the state has not been certified;

　　4, does not have the independent legal personality of the enterprise production;

　　5. Other serious violations of laws and regulations.

　　Three, the declaration and identification procedures

　　(a) before the end of March each year, the Municipal Famous Brand Office accepts the declaration of famous brand products in Hangzhou.

　　(2) On the basis of voluntary declaration, the enterprise shall truthfully fill out the Application Form for Famous Brand Products in Hangzhou. Municipal enterprises approved by the competent department, submitted to the municipal famous brand office. Other enterprises must be signed by the local industrial authorities and reported to the local, county (city) Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (sub-bureau). Among them, agricultural products must be signed by the local agricultural comprehensive department and reported to the district and county (city) Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (sub-bureau).

　　(three) District, county (city) Bureau of quality and technical supervision (branch) after receiving the "application form" of the enterprise, according to the conditions of brand-name products for preliminary examination, and solicit opinions from relevant departments. To agree to recommend, after signing and sealing, report to the municipal famous brand office within the specified time.

　　(IV) The Municipal Famous Brand Office shall, after qualification examination of the submitted materials, organize relevant professional review groups to comprehensively evaluate the operation of the reporting enterprise, supervision and spot check of the reporting products, product performance indicators, consumer complaints, user (consumer) satisfaction and quality management, and put forward review opinions respectively.

　　(five) according to the evaluation opinions of the professional evaluation group, the Municipal Famous Brand Office puts forward a list of suggestions, and after soliciting the opinions of the relevant departments, it shall report to the Municipal Selection Committee for review. City famous brand office will review the list of suggestions and publicize it to the public for comments through the news media. On the basis of soliciting opinions, it shall be submitted to the Municipal Selection Committee for deliberation and confirmation.

　　(six) the Municipal Selection Committee identified Hangzhou famous brand products, there must be more than two-thirds of the members to vote, more than half agreed.

　　(seven) the famous brand products in Hangzhou, awarded the title of "Hangzhou famous brand" by the Municipal Selection Committee, awarded the certificate of Hangzhou famous brand products, and announced to the public.

　　IV. Encouragement and protection measures

　　(a) the validity of the title of Hangzhou famous brand products is three years. During the validity period, the product logo or words of "Hangzhou Famous Brand" can be used in the nameplate, label, packaging, manual, decoration and advertising of its products, but the year of obtaining Hangzhou famous brand products should be indicated.

　　(two) Hangzhou brand-name products within the validity period, exempt from municipal quality supervision and spot checks. In the activities of rectifying and standardizing the market economic order and "combating counterfeiting and protecting famous brands" in our city, it was listed as a key protection object.

　　(3) Famous brand products in Hangzhou are the basic conditions for recommending famous brand products in Zhejiang, and enjoy the support policies of governments and departments at all levels for famous brand products, and give priority to the technical transformation, technical development and other projects, funds and energy.

　　(four) support the establishment of enterprise groups with brand-name product manufacturers as the core, and give full play to the brand-name effect. Vigorously promote brand-name products and their production enterprises, and improve the visibility, competitiveness and market share of brand-name products and their production enterprises.

　　V. Management

　　(a) Hangzhou famous brand products expire, should be in accordance with the relevant procedures of these measures, apply for re evaluation.

　　(two) products that have not won the honorary title of famous brand products in Hangzhou shall not use the logo of famous brand products in Hangzhou; Those who fail to re-apply or re-apply after the expiration of the validity period shall not continue to use the Hangzhou famous brand product logo.

　　Anyone found to have one of the above-mentioned acts will be punished by the quality and technical supervision department in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Product Quality Law on fraudulent use of quality marks.

　　(III) For those who have won the title of famous brand products in Hangzhou, but the product quality is unstable, and consumers (users) strongly reflect it, or major quality accidents occur in enterprises and major problems occur in the operation of the quality management system of enterprises, the Municipal Selection Committee shall give a warning and order them to make rectification within a time limit. If the product still fails to meet the requirements upon expiration, it shall be suspended until the product title of "Hangzhou Famous Brand" is revoked.

　　(four) the data provided by the enterprise and the relevant departments shall be true, and any fraud shall be disqualified once it is discovered; To take improper methods to obtain the title of "Hangzhou Famous Brand" products, to be removed, to recover the certificates and medals, and to be informed throughout the city.

　　(5) Personnel and relevant departments involved in the examination and identification of famous brand products in Hangzhou shall strictly abide by relevant regulations and work discipline, be fair and honest, and abuse power for personal gain is strictly prohibited. At the same time, consciously and conservatively declare the commercial and technical secrets of brand-name product manufacturers and protect intellectual property rights. Those who violate the regulations will be dealt with severely according to the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.　　

　　　 VI. Others

　　(a) in addition to the identification of famous brand products in Hangzhou according to these measures, any unit or organization in the city will no longer carry out similar activities such as identification, recommendation and appraisal of famous brand products.

　　(2) These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. The original "Recommended Measures for Famous Brand Products in Hangzhou" issued in June 1997 (No.50 [1997] of Hangzhou Zhengban Fa) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　(3) The Hangzhou Famous Brand Strategy Promotion Committee shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.

　

Jinyang. com reporter Fu Yi

Affected by Typhoon Ai Yunni on the 4th this year, heavy rain fell all over Guangdong Province. On the afternoon of the 8th, the reporter learned from the Guangdong Provincial Fire Corps that as of 7: 00 on the 8th, six red rainstorm warning signals were hoisted in Guangdong, including Foshan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Zhaoqing, Yunfu and Yangjiang. From 0: 00 on June 6th to 11: 00 on the 8th, the province’s fire forces received 172 flood fighting and rescue reports, and dispatched 845 fire engines, 19 assault boats (boats) and 1,218 firefighters, evacuating and rescuing 1,504 trapped people, with no casualties.

Yunfu: The chicken farm exit was flooded by the river, and 38 people were trapped.

On the evening of the 7th, due to continuous rainfall, the river surged, and the only small bridge communicating with the outside world in a chicken farm in Liuzu Town, Xinxing County, Yunfu City was flooded by the river, causing 38 people to be trapped in the chicken farm.

Yunfu Xinxing Fire Department received an order from the police at 19: 50, and immediately dispatched 2 fire engines and 13 officers and men to the scene at 20: 12, and quickly launched rescue and disposal. At that time, the river was nearly 50 meters wide and the water was rushing. Seven fire officers and soldiers ventured into the trapped chicken farm in two batches. In the face of the rising river, fire officers and soldiers finally decided to rescue each other one by one. At one o’clock in the morning of June 8, after more than four hours of efforts by emerging fire officers and soldiers, all the trapped people were safely rescued.

Shaoguan: The bus flooded, trapping 23 students.

At 7: 45 on the 8th,  Ruyuan Fire Department received an order from the Fire Department 119 Command Center that a bus in Ruyuan County was turned off due to too deep water on the road, and 23 students (no college entrance examination candidates) were trapped.

After receiving the alarm, Ruyuan Fire immediately dispatched a fire truck and seven combatants to the scene for disposal. Arriving at the scene at 7: 48, the fire commander, after understanding the surrounding situation, asked the fire driver to drive the multifunctional city main battle fire truck to a suitable position, and then towed the bus to a safe area, successfully rescuing all the trapped passengers.

Zhaoqing: The road leading to the test center was flooded, and the fire truck rubber boat came to take the test.

At 6: 50 on the 8th, the fire department of Zhaoqing City received an alarm that the road leading to the examination room of No.2 Middle School in Gaoyao District was flooded, which affected more than 200 invigilators and candidates to enter the examination room. Gao Yao responded quickly to the fire, immediately launched emergency rescue measures, dispatched more than 40 fire officers and soldiers, and mobilized 5 fire engines and 3 rubber boats to rescue. Fire officers and soldiers picked up the trapped teachers and students along the street leading to the test sites and quickly sent them to the examination room. None of the candidates missed the test, and the college entrance examination papers were safely sent to the examination room.

Zhuhai: The construction site became an island and more than 200 workers were trapped.

At 7: 32 on the 8th, the fire department of Zhuhai received an alarm from the masses: more than 200 people were trapped at the Nanwan Garden site of Coral Sea in Sanzao Age, Jinwan District. Sanzao Firefighters quickly dispatched 3 fire engines and 15 commanders to the scene for disposal. After arriving at the site, I saw a piece of Wang Yang at the site, and the flood depth was waist-deep, completely isolating the construction site from the residential area, forming an isolated island. After on-site investigation, the fire commander quickly set up two search and rescue teams to transport the trapped people to the safe area in batches. After more than five hours of rescue, 21 batches of more than 200 trapped people were successfully transported to a safe area, and no one was injured.

As of press time, fire officers and soldiers all over the province are still struggling in the front line of rescue.

Johnny Chen

Under the background of the rapid development of platform economy and digital technology, do the new professional groups represented by selling riders face the risk of technical unemployment? This issue of "Investigation and Research" is based on interviews and investigations on the rider’s labor process, and at the same time, it organizes multi-perspective discussions in the industry and academia to explore more topics about the development of intelligent society.

According to the data of "China Sharing Economy Development Report 2021" released by the National Information Center, there will be about 84 million sharing economy service providers in China in 2020, with a year-on-year increase of about 7.7%. The sharing economic service providers here mainly include new employment forms such as take-away riders, online car drivers and couriers. At the beginning of 2023, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions released the results of the ninth national survey on the status of the workforce. The data shows that there are currently 84 million workers in the new employment form in China. The number of take-away riders reached 13 million, accounting for 15% of the total workers in the new employment form. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the number of take-away riders increased sharply. Take Meituan as an example. From 2020 to 2022, the number of riders increased from 4.7 million to 6.24 million, an increase of 32.8%.

The large-scale rise of workers with new employment forms is closely related to the prosperity and development of platform economy. The rapid development of platform economy is inseparable from the rapid progress of artificial intelligence technology. As the core driving force of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence technology is setting off a global wave of science and technology, which not only becomes the strategic commanding height of scientific and technological competition between countries, but also profoundly changes all aspects of human social production and daily life. However, the wide application of artificial intelligence technology in the platform economy not only promotes the production progress and the convenience of life, but also causes people’s worries about the "skills removal" and "technical unemployment" caused by technological progress.

In July 2021, Meituan revealed at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference that unmanned delivery vehicles will develop into large-scale applications in 3-5 years. UAV service is also expected to appear in more cities within 3-5 years. The rapid development of unmanned distribution inevitably makes people worry about "de-skilling" and being replaced. However, the relevant personnel of the US Mission also said that unmanned distribution and non-contact economy are an ecological concept. Only scale and normalization can solve the cost problem, and manpower is still needed before all the advantages of innovation and technological iteration appear, so a large number of unemployment is unlikely. This can’t completely eliminate people’s worries about "de-skill" and "technical unemployment" caused by technological progress. In view of the huge scale of take-away riders, automation, digitalization and unmanned are imperative, it is necessary for us to go back to the problem that worries us and re-understand the labor process of "de-skill" and take-away riders.

The Essence of "De-skilling" and Tacit Knowledge in Labor Process

The idea of "de-skilling" originated from American economist harry braverman. In his view, Taylor’s scientific management is to concentrate scattered handicraft knowledge on employers, and then distribute it to workers in the form of detailed instruction books. Braverman described it as "separation of concept and implementation". Therefore, the essence of "de-skill" is the separation of concept and execution, that is, the separation of hand and brain in work.

"De-skilling" means the degeneration of workers. With the mechanization and automation of industrial production process, especially the infinite subdivision of work, workers in specific positions have less and less skills to master, and then become part of the production line instead of a complete person. Workers no longer use their brains at work, but execute orders like parts or tools of machines. As a result, workers become more and more stupid.

Back to the labor process of the takeaway rider. A large number of studies at home and abroad have revealed the trend of artificial intelligence, big data and algorithms in strengthening platform supervision ability, reducing workers’ autonomy and "de-skill". As mentioned above, "de-skill" is essentially the separation of hands and brains at work, and the result is the degradation of workers’ cognitive ability; However, in actual observation, the performance of takeaway riders is not the case. One of the important reasons is that the rider’s "tacit knowledge" in his work is ignored.

"Tacit knowledge" means "we know more than what we can express and formulate". For a long time, the "tacit knowledge" of workers is hard to find, but it plays a huge role. The advantage of "tacit knowledge" is that it comes from a specific situation rather than a general situation, so it can judge the causes of specific problems in the labor process more quickly and directly and find solutions. This characteristic, which originates from a specific situation and is inseparable from human intuition and judgment, makes the rider’s labor process unable to be simplified into "rules, regulations and formulas" according to the requirements of scientific management. The process of using "tacit knowledge" is precisely the process of combining hands and brains. Therefore, food delivery will not make takeaway riders stupid, but will make them "gain certain growth": "It has not only changed the situation in my family, but also changed my life, and also changed my personality, making me a lot more mature and stable, and also become much stronger."

Simply put, the rider’s tacit knowledge in the process of food delivery is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the brain map, second, the situational experience and third, the communication skills.

The first is the "brain map". Most riders’ distribution route planning recommended by the external selling platform App has experienced a transition from full compliance to independent planning. At the beginning of food delivery, new riders will deliver food in strict accordance with the delivery route recommended by the takeaway platform App because they are unfamiliar with the food delivery process, area and time. But when they are familiar with it, they will deliver food according to the distribution route accumulated in their own minds, because they know how to plan the distribution route faster: "We started to deliver food according to the systematic planning, and after three months of familiarity, we followed the planned route in our brains."

Followed by "situational experience." Riders can make good judgments on specific situations because they repeatedly deal with people and things in the process of delivering food, which enables them to continuously accumulate various typical "situational experiences". This kind of experience, like the "brain map" and the "communication skills" mentioned later, can’t be clearly expressed, but they all play a key role: "We will encounter all kinds of problems in the process of delivering food. For example, if some merchants are slow to deliver food, you can take it from other homes first, or the customers are close. It is ok for me to deliver it to him in a few minutes and then come back to pick up his meals."

Finally, there is "communication skills". Riders need to practice superb communication skills, because one of the skills they use most in the process of food delivery is communication, such as communication with the front desk of merchants, communication with security guards at the entrance of supermarkets and communities, and communication with customers. Good communication can not only improve the efficiency of food delivery, but also get favorable service comments: "Because it is a service industry, it is better to communicate with guests. If you have a bad temper, it is easy to have language disputes with guests … If you don’t communicate well, you will definitely be complained. Communication in our business is more important than food delivery. "

Therefore, from the perspective of using "tacit knowledge" in the process of food delivery, that is, the combination of hand and brain is needed in the work, the delivery of take-away food is not "de-skilled". Good communication with merchants/security guards/customers, human brain planning of distribution routes, and "situational experience" needed in each link of meal taking/delivery all require takeaway riders to use their hands and brains and make good use of the "tacit knowledge" they have accumulated in their work. The cognitive ability of riders has not deteriorated at work, and they have not become "more and more stupid".

The factory that can’t go back and the desire of "complete workers"

During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in 2022, Zhang Xinghai, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Xiaokang Group, said that in recent years, industries such as take-away, e-commerce and webcasting have attracted a large number of young people to find jobs; Express delivery and take-away industry "involution" to graduate students to compete; Young people are no longer willing to go to work in factories, which leads to the increasingly serious problem of hollowing out industrial workers. Zhang Xinghai suggested that the government, enterprises and all walks of life should make joint efforts to encourage young people to become industrial workers, so as to alleviate the difficulties in recruiting and employing workers in the manufacturing industry. However, the main reason why riders are unwilling to enter the factory and are willing to deliver takeout is that the delivery of takeout is not "unskilled" compared with factory workers, but requires them to use their hands and brains.

While there is a "blowout" of employment on various Internet platforms, the traditional manufacturing industry is indeed experiencing a "labor shortage". Cao Dewang, the founder of Fuyao Group, also expressed his feelings for this: "Nowadays, young people would rather send takeout than go to work in a factory. This is the current dilemma facing the manufacturing industry." In this regard, Professor Wen Xiaoyi of China Institute of Labor Relations pointed out: "In the past, young and middle-aged laborers who were active in factory production lines are constantly moving from offline to online, which has made great changes in China’s economic structure and situation. In the past, going to work in coastal factories was the first choice for countless young people to realize their urban dreams. Nowadays, sending express delivery and take-away in big cities is becoming a career priority. "

For the phenomenon that young people "prefer to take delivery rather than go to work in factories", most studies take the high salary return of the platform economy and the strict management of the manufacturing industry as the main reasons. Indeed, the income return of takeaway riders is no less than that of traditional manufacturing. It is reported that most workers in factories in coastal areas earn 4,000-8,000 yuan a month. In contrast, riders can get 7000-8000 yuan per month, and many people can even exceed 10,000 yuan. More importantly, although it is equally hard, being a takeaway rider is rarely controlled, more free, and can also take time off: "The factory is too strict and has no rest. Except for legal holidays, the state can’t deduct (punish) it, so I will give you a day off. It’s more than 6 thousand yuan a month, which is similar to here. But in comparison, it is free here. "

The "local workers" described by Marx may be the original prototype of "de-skill", that is, "workers who have been engaged in the same simple operation all their lives turn their whole bodies into automatic one-sided organs of this operation". The production line invented by Henry Ford shows more intuitively that modern factories no longer need the "whole body" of workers, but "one-sided organs". The design principle of the assembly line invented by Ford is to "arrange tools and people according to working procedures so as to complete the assembly of spare parts in the shortest possible time". Obviously, people are reduced to tool-like existence on the assembly line. Therefore, the workers on the assembly line will inevitably encounter the problem of hand-brain separation and the cognitive degradation caused by it.

However, Marx also pointed out that "conscious life activities directly distinguish people from animal life activities" when distinguishing people from animals. The difference between people and animals lies in that people can engage in free and conscious conscious activities, and the difference between people and tools lies in that people have valuable cognitive and creative abilities. Therefore, people are more willing to take delivery than those jobs that make people stupid on the assembly line, precisely because people naturally want to use their hands and brains at work. Because of the existence of "tacit knowledge", delivery can make riders feel that they are "complete workers" rather than "one-sided organs" than entering the factory. This may also be the reason why riders feel "freedom" at work.

Although the take-away rider does not really face the dilemma of "de-skill", it is undeniable that the rider engaged in take-away distribution may not have high academic qualifications and high skills. According to the results of the ninth survey on the status of the national workforce released by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the academic qualifications of couriers and take-away distributors are concentrated in high school and below. It is not difficult to find out from the employment report of Meituan riders during the epidemic period released by Meituan that the ranking of riders’ sources from high to low is factory workers, salespeople, entrepreneurs or self-employed small businesses or catering industry employees. Among them, factory workers, salespeople, and catering employees may also be low-skilled workers. How to let more people accumulate "tacit knowledge" in their work, show free and conscious labor and realize the coordinated development of man and machine is the key issue in the era of artificial intelligence.

(The author is an associate professor at the School of Humanities and Development, China Agricultural University)

China Social Sciences Journal, August 24, 2023.

　　BEIJING, Sept. 24 (Xinhua) According to reports from Sputnik, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Zacharova told the media on the 23rd local time that Russia decided to expand the "blacklist" of EU countries banned from entering Russia, and said that the move was based on the principle of reciprocity in response to the EU confrontation line.

　　Data map: Moscow, the capital of Russia. China News Service reporter Wang Xiujun photo

　　According to reports, Zacharova said, "Recently, the EU has taken a series of unfriendly measures towards Russia and Russian citizens. As in the past, the EU has bypassed the existing international rules, continued to expand sanctions, and often imposed sanctions for far-fetched or even absurd reasons. "

　　Zacharova said, "In response to the EU’s move, Russia has decided to expand the list of representatives of EU member States and EU institutions who are prohibited from entering Russia, and the number of sanctions targets in the list will be equal to that in the European sanctions list."

　　Zacharova pointed out that the above restrictions are based on the Law of the Russian Federation on Exit and Entry Administration.