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　　"Cloud Office", "Cloud Learning", "Cloud Shopping", "Cloud Appreciation of Spring" and "Cloud Variety" … … Recently, various online activities have enriched people’s home life, brought people new experiences and opened up more possibilities for future life. What "cloud life" projects have you experienced recently?

　　Last week, the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper conducted a survey on 3,004 respondents, which showed that "working in the cloud", "learning in the cloud", "buying vegetables in the cloud" and "enjoying spring in the cloud" were several cloud life projects that people experienced more, and 86.8% of the respondents felt that their recent "cloud life" was more fulfilling than before. 68.1% of the respondents believe that "cloud life" has enhanced people’s confidence in fighting the epidemic, and 65.9% of the respondents believe that it will accelerate people’s consumption habits from offline to online.

　　86.8% of the respondents feel that their recent "cloud life" is more fulfilling than before.

　　Zhang Yuxuan (pseudonym) works in a public institution in Beijing. She usually likes to visit scenic spots, but she has not been able to go out to play since the outbreak. "Recently, many scenic spots have opened panoramic online tour services. Two days ago, I watched the live broadcast of Longmen Grottoes in Henan Province. I had a professional tour guide to explain it in detail, and I could also answer questions online. The experience was very good. "

　　"At the worst of the epidemic, my husband and I were worried that there were too many people going to the supermarket to shop. Every night, we would place an order to buy ingredients on the e-commerce platform and deliver them early the next morning. Once we really wanted to eat hot pot, and the restaurant didn’t open, so we went from the bottom of the pot to fresh food, on the e-commerce platform ‘ One-stop ’ Buy everything. I ate it at noon the next day, full of happiness. " Zhang Yuxi said.

　　23-year-old Cheng Yunyun (pseudonym) has just started working. Recently, he has been cooking and eating alone, and he feels a little bored. Since the outbreak, he has often "cloud cooking" and "cloud gathering" with his friends. "Everyone is chatting and eating at the same time, which is very lively."

　　In the survey, 86.8% of the respondents felt that the recent "cloud life" was more substantial than before.

　　Cloud Office (57.8%), Cloud Enjoying Spring (53.4%) and Cloud Learning (52.5%) are several cloud life projects that people experience more. Others include: Cloud Shopping (41.3%), Cloud Variety Show (38.2%), Cloud Travel (21.2%) and Cloud Party (20.8%).

　　Benson Liu (pseudonym) is an employee of a private enterprise in Beijing. Recently, the whole family is in a "cloud" mode: his daughter is studying in the cloud, and he and his lover are working in the cloud. "The company opened several times ‘ Cloud conference ’ . For the first time, everyone was not skilled in the operation and did not adapt to the online scene. Now, after adapting, the effect is good. ‘ Cloud office ’ During this period, I have only been to the company three times to deal with things that must be done offline, such as sending documents, signing and stamping. "

　　"I used to go to the gym twice a week, and I couldn’t go to the gym during the period before and after the Spring Festival, which made me very uncomfortable. Now I watch online fitness videos every day to exercise, have enough time to exercise, and feel that my physical condition is better than before. " Jiang Qiming (a pseudonym), an employee of a public institution in Beijing, said that he bought dumbbells, elastic ropes and other convenient fitness equipment online.

　　68.1% of the respondents believe that "cloud life" has enhanced people’s confidence in fighting the epidemic.

　　Zhang Yuxuan feels that "cloud life" is convenient, fast, efficient and time-saving, "‘ Cloud shopping ’ It saves me time to visit the supermarket and the road. Just make a list and buy it directly on the platform. Because it is purchased nearby, it is basically delivered within one hour, and the experience is very good. "

　　"Working from home can avoid commuting pressure, which is low-carbon and environmentally friendly." Benson Liu believes that "cloud office" reduces the commuting cost of employees and improves the efficiency of time utilization, which is very humanized.

　　Cheng Yunyun said that the "cloud gathering" and "cloud variety show" during this period allowed her to live a full life without feeling lonely, and also deepened her feelings with her friends.

　　According to the survey, the respondents’ main evaluations of "cloud life" are convenience (68.4%) and intelligence (60.0%), and others are: low carbon (47.0%), high efficiency (46.2%), economical (40.1%), rich and diverse (39.3%) and so on.

　　Zhang Yuxuan said that "cloud life" didn’t make her feel monotonous and boring during her stay at home. "Eating food, shopping and visiting scenic spots didn’t delay, and she could enjoy the scenery across regions with one click. It was very interesting to visit several scenic spots in one day."

　　"I used to feel that online office couldn’t match my work. This time I experienced a telecommuting. " Benson Liu said that in the past, he often worked overtime and spent less time with his family, so he couldn’t help his family. He felt very guilty about his wife. "During this time, I often did housework and walked with my family in the community, and my life was full of fireworks."

　　"When the epidemic just broke out, the situation was more serious, and my heart was actually quite scared. Later, various ‘ Cloud life ’ Let me live a colorful life every day. ‘ Cloud supervisor ’ ‘ Cloud gathering ’ Let me feel that I am not alone, and I feel that the people of the whole country are together, United as one, and fighting the epidemic. " Cheng Yunyun said.

　　What does "cloud life" bring to people? 68.1% of the respondents believe that the enriched "cloud life" has enhanced people’s confidence in fighting the epidemic, 57.4% of the respondents believe that it has created a new mode for family members to get along with each other, 53.2% of the respondents feel that it has added color to home life, and 51.2% of the respondents believe that it has broken through the space limitation and enriched people’s various experiences.

　　Schumann, executive vice president of the Institute of Psychological Quality Education of East China Jiaotong University, believes that, first of all, "cloud life" can play a psychological support role. "In this epidemic, our usual life order was broken, ‘ Cloud life ’ Let people avoid becoming an island and can produce the same frequency resonance. This has played a role in preventing and controlling the epidemic ‘ A shot in the arm ’ The role of ". Secondly, "cloud life" makes people feel emotionally in control. "When individuals realize various demands and wishes, they will have a sense of autonomy in the surrounding environment and living conditions, which is very important for stabilizing emotions. At the same time, because ‘ Cloud life ’ Make people communicate, study and work as usual, and this sense of stability will promote psychological security. "

　　56.6% of the respondents said that they would continue to "live in the cloud" when the epidemic passed.

　　"If merchants and platforms continue to provide ‘ Cloud service ’ I will continue to try. " Zhang Yuxuan believes that "cloud life" has brought great changes to people’s lifestyles and consumption patterns. "In the past, online consumption was more popular among young people. Recently, more people are accepting and trying online consumption. Moreover, with the improvement of science and technology, online services will get better and better. "

　　"Online office is suitable for more and more industries and jobs. During this period, more enterprises have tried ‘ Cloud office ’ I think it can provide new ideas for business operations in terms of office model innovation and resource allocation. " Benson Liu believes that online education with "cloud classroom" as the main form has attracted much attention recently, which has also opened up a new way for education.

　　Cheng Yunyun feels that "cloud life" is very interesting, which can not only meet people’s needs of buying food, traveling, seeing a doctor and exercising, but also solve social needs, and has great potential.

　　Will people continue to "live in the cloud" after the epidemic? 56.6% of the respondents indicated that they would continue to live in the cloud, and 20.2% of the respondents would not. The interactive analysis shows that the post-80s generation (62.4%) shows higher interest in continuing the "cloud life" in the future, while the post-00s group has the highest proportion of "no", accounting for 35.2%.

　　Regarding the impact of the recent "cloud life" on the future, 65.9% of the respondents believe that it will accelerate the transformation of people’s consumption habits from offline to online, 58.2% of the respondents believe that it can promote enterprises to develop telecommuting mode, 58.0% of the respondents believe that it will force offline merchants to improve their services and experiences and innovate their business models, and 49.8% of the respondents believe that it will add new ways to entertainment and medical treatment.

　　Schumann said that under the epidemic, "cloud life" has brought new hope to people. The online virtual market has shown a prosperous image, which has spawned and developed online teaching, online office and other formats. "In the long run, I think, ‘ Cloud life ’ The lifestyle brought will not only continue, but also be continuously improved to meet the needs of people at different stages and in different situations. "

　　Among the respondents, 7.7% were born after 00, 38.2% after 90, 40.1% after 80, 10.4% after 70 and 3.1% after 60.

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Du Yuanchun

　　Local governments are short of money, so they can borrow money by issuing local government bonds. How did 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) issue bonds and borrow money in the first half of this year?

　　On July 26th, the Ministry of Finance released the issuance of local government bonds in 31 provinces in the first half of this year. In the first half of the year, 31 provinces in China issued a total of 3,341.1 billion yuan of local government bonds.

　　Judging from the scale of issuing bonds and borrowing money in the first half of the year, Shandong (including Qingdao) temporarily ranked first with 259.9 billion yuan, Guangdong (including Shenzhen) followed closely with 253.3 billion yuan, and Sichuan ranked third with 215.5 billion yuan. The scale of bond issuance in other places is less than 200 billion yuan.

　　Among them, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other 16 places issued bonds between 100 billion yuan and 200 billion yuan. The remaining provinces and cities issued less than 100 billion bonds, of which Shanghai did not issue local government bonds in the first half of the year, and Shanghai officially issued bonds in July.

　　Of course, due to the different amount of bonds issued by different places and the different progress of issuing bonds, the scale of bonds issued by different places may change in the end.

　　Judging from the situation of last year, the top five bond issuance scales were Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Sichuan and Zhejiang.

　　A number of local debt experts told CBN that local government bonds are divided into new bonds and refinancing bonds according to their purposes, in which refinancing bonds can only be used to repay existing debts, that is, borrowing new ones and returning old ones. At present, the total amount of new bonds and refinancing bonds of local governments in China is decided by the National People’s Congress, and the Ministry of Finance distributes this total amount to 31 provinces and cities.

　　Generally speaking, the Ministry of Finance will take into account local financial strength, debt risk, financing demand, project maturity, national macro-control needs and other factors when allocating new bond issuance quotas. Generally speaking, the stronger the local government’s financial strength, the lower the debt risk, the more it undertakes major central project expenditures, and the greater the financing demand, the greater the amount of debt issued, and vice versa. The quota allocation of refinancing bonds pays more attention to the maturity scale of local bonds.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Finance, of the 3,341.1 billion yuan of government bonds issued by local governments in the first half of this year, 1,480 billion yuan of new bonds were issued and 1,861.1 billion yuan of refinancing bonds were issued.

　　Judging from the scale of new bond issuance in 31 provinces in the first half of this year, it is still the top three in Shandong, Guangdong and Sichuan. However, in the ranking of the issuance scale of refinancing bonds in the first half of the year, Jiangsu ranked first with 158.4 billion yuan, Guizhou ranked second with 109.7 billion yuan, and the issuance scale of Shandong, Liaoning, Guangdong and Sichuan also slightly exceeded 100 billion yuan.

　　Where did all the money borrowed by local governments in the first half of the year go? Obviously, the above-mentioned 1.86 trillion yuan refinancing bonds are used to repay the government’s stock debts. Then where is the other 1.48 trillion yuan of new bond funds used? At present, the Ministry of Finance has disclosed the investment of about 1 trillion yuan of new special debt funds.

　　Xiang Zhongxin, deputy director of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance, recently said at the press conference of fiscal revenue and expenditure in the first half of the year that according to the unified deployment of the State Council, major national regional strategic projects such as coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction have been included in the key support scope of special bonds of local governments in 2021. According to the preliminary summary, about half of the new special bonds issued by local governments in China from January to June were invested in major projects in transportation infrastructure, municipal and industrial parks; About 30% invested in affordable housing projects and major projects in social undertakings such as health, education, old-age care and cultural tourism; About 20% invested in major projects in agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, energy, urban and rural cold chain logistics and other fields.

　　Therefore, the new bond funds are mainly used for major livelihood infrastructure construction projects. In the first half of the year, due to the strengthening of local debt supervision and the small pressure of steady growth, the progress of local bond issuance was slow, and the scale of new bond issuance in the first half of the year was almost "waist-cut" compared with the same period of last year. However, the issuance of local bonds has accelerated recently. According to the annual budget, the new limit of local bonds is 4.47 trillion yuan, and the scale of local new bonds issued in the second half of the year is close to 3 trillion yuan.

　　India C17 transport plane returned 35 tons of medical supplies from Germany.

　　Overseas Network May 9 thThe epidemic situation in COVID-19, India is out of control, and there is a serious shortage of medical materials such as oxygen. India has accelerated the pace of transporting anti-epidemic materials from abroad. According to India Today, Mark Rand Lanad, Deputy Marshal of Indian Air Force, said on the 8th that 42 transport planes have been sent to various countries to transport anti-epidemic materials, including 12 large transport planes and 30 medium transport planes.

　　Shipped back six oxygen storage tanks from Dubai.

　　Shipped back 4 oxygen storage tanks from Singapore.

　　Earlier, the Indian navy also sent nine warships to four countries to transport oxygen.

　　Back to the oxygen storage tank from Thailand

　　According to the latest data released by the Indian Ministry of Health on the 8th, the number of confirmed cases in COVID-19, India rose to 21,892,676. In the past 24 hours, there were 401,078 new confirmed cases in India, which exceeded 400,000 for three consecutive days. There were 4,187 new deaths and 238,270 cumulative deaths. (Overseas network Liu Qiang)

Editor’s Note: This article is from WeChat WeChat official account "Shenrancaijing" (ID:shenrancaijing), written by Jin Jin Tang Yahua, Zhou Jifeng, Wei Jie Su Qi, and edited by Jia Wei. 36Kr is authorized to publish.

Those who work during the day and those who pay the last payment at night, November 1 is the "death period" of those who work the last payment.

With the "OMG, buy it" and "Don’t sleep, wake up" in Li Jiaqi, how many migrant workers who try hard to support their families during the day accidentally turn into the last payment people who stay up late to spend money at night, that is, the double 11 pickpockets who pay a lot of deposits and owe a lot of money.

In the early morning of November 1, hundreds of millions of "tail money people" poured into Taobao to place orders. The opening time was 1 hour and 51 minutes, and the turnover of 100 brands exceeded 100 million yuan.

Yes, the iron will is not only used to get up early for work, but also to buy a deposit in advance at night to contribute to double 11.

This year’s double 11 came earlier than in previous years. The pre-sale started on October 21st, and consumers can pay the final payment of the pre-sale goods in two waves, the first wave is November 1st-3rd, and the second wave is November 11th. The rules are the same. Pay the deposit first and then the final payment. Many products in double 11 need to pay the deposit to enjoy the discount, and if the final payment is not made later, the deposit will not be returned.

In the first wave, many migrant workers have felt that paying the down payment means owing the final payment debt, so this happy and sad new stalk-the final payment person was born. If the core of migrant workers is to have fun in pain, then the last payment is to buy with tears.

In this issue of the pub, we interviewed five "tail-payers". To sum up in a word, the deposit is cool for a while, and the last payment is in the crematorium. When paying dozens of deposits, I feel that I can afford everything, and I am crazy about placing an order. When it is my turn to pay the last payment, I tell myself, Come on, migrant workers, try to move bricks to earn back the last payment.

However, under the complicated pre-sale rules of double 11, an e-commerce platform, migrant workers have also developed their own philosophy of survival. For example, paying a deposit is only for screening goods, and most goods will still be returned; Make excel tables and calculate carefully, and control the total amount of chopped hands; 7-10 hours a week in the live broadcast room to grab the lowest price …

Listen to their stories, from which we may get a glimpse of the consumer psychology reflected behind double 11.

John young | 34-year-old Internet company business

In double 11 this year, I bought a total of 90 items, with a down payment of 5,479 yuan and a final payment of 47,817.5 yuan. With the full discount and discount for live broadcast, I actually have to pay the final payment of more than 30,000 yuan.

Since last year, I have been hoarding enough skin care products for one year in double 11, and the cost is about 20,000 yuan. The difference is that I didn’t have any repayment pressure last year, and my economic situation was relatively good. I bought mainly big brands, and basically closed my eyes. This year, we are more careful in calculating and buying more cost-effective categories.

I watched the live broadcast announcements of Viya and Li Jiaqi in advance, and chose the products that meet my current consumption ability from their lists. I only pay attention to them because I feel that they should get a lower discount. When the pre-sale started on October 21, I switched back and forth between the two live broadcast rooms. I paid by credit card, and I couldn’t pay it later. Later, I learned that because I paid too many pens, the bank suspended my credit card and reopened it two days later.

When I bought it, I first bought some of the more expensive explosions in the list. Later, these two live broadcasts were accompanied by some cheap goods, and I also bought them. My philosophy is that paying the deposit doesn’t mean that I will definitely buy it. I have to occupy the pit first, so I have the initiative to choose, and I don’t have to worry about not grabbing what I want to buy.

After I bought it, I counted it, and compared with my budget this year, I chose which ones I wanted to return immediately after I paid the balance, and which ones I wanted to keep. Because I bought too much, I made an excel list of things I wanted to leave behind, and there are nearly 40 pieces at present. But I’m not sure whether they will live to the end yet.

I’m going to return the remaining 50 items as soon as I pay the final payment. Be sure to pay the final payment and return it immediately, otherwise the logistics delivery will be very fast and it may arrive the next day. I spent about 14,000 yuan in double 11 this year.

Among the things I bought, the most expensive ones are hotel vouchers of nearly 3,000 yuan, skiing for three days and two nights, and more than 1,000 medical examination cards and smart door locks. There are many masks, about 460, because I use them every day, and I use them with my mother.

The purpose of doing this is to screen out the supplies that I can afford for a whole year. Anyway, this is my annual fixed consumption. In fact, I didn’t dare to ask for skin care products that surpassed 300 yuan’s this year because of the decline in income. My daily expenses are paid by the same credit card, which is convenient for me to count my monthly expenses, but I will keep the expenses within my tolerance.

My feeling in double 11 this time is that we should work hard to make money, and I hope we won’t have to bother like this year next year.

Su Li | 25-year-old teaching and training practitioner

Every year when I arrive in double 11, my family will think that I am crazy, as if the money was blown by the strong wind. But in fact, I have done my homework seriously and won’t spend money indiscriminately.

Before double 11 this year, I basically spent 1-2 hours doing my homework every day, and generally planted grass through beauty bloggers on platforms such as Weibo, bilibili and Xiaohongshu. Moreover, I usually list the things I have to buy early, squat down the rest of the products, look at the word of mouth, and buy them if necessary and really save money.

Most of the things I buy are beauty cosmetics, clothing and daily necessities, which are basically for myself and my parents. The most expensive thing is the Estee Lauder small brown bottle micro-essence set.

In fact, since last year, I have been squatting in the live broadcast room every day, about 7 to 10 hours a week, so I know more about the discount routines in the live broadcast room.

But the attraction of double 11 to me has declined this year. On the one hand, I bought a lot of things in the duty-free shop in the middle of the year, and I didn’t have a strong desire to shop. On the other hand, I feel that the proportion of the deposit has increased this year. In the past, the deposit was paid in 20 yuan -30 yuan, and this year the deposit was frequently paid in 50 yuan -100 yuan. But it’s true that things are hard to grab. The most difficult thing to grab this year is that in the live broadcast room in Li Jiaqi, there was a zero-point pre-sale of Dabai Bowl Body Lotion, and the result was really not a second.

For me, the last payment pressure is good, because I basically buy things within my own budget, and I have saved a sum of shopping funds for double 11 in recent years. At present, the down payment is about ten orders, which may increase, and the final payment is about 5000 -10000 yuan. There are some things that don’t need to be pre-sold, so you can buy them directly then.

I have given up paying the final payment, but not many times, mainly because of impulsive shopping, and later I found that it was not suitable for me, or the product had various problems that could not meet my psychological expectations. The general solution was to pay the final payment before returning it.

But I am very dissatisfied with paying the final payment in the early morning, mainly because I have to stay up late, so I am too sleepy. At night, I am prone to impulsive consumption and buy some unnecessary or repetitive goods. It may be because of this that the merchants set the time for paying the final payment in the early morning.

Last year, I was embarrassed and anxious when I paid the final payment. I accidentally fell asleep before I paid the final payment. When I woke up, there were only a few minutes left from zero. I thought I would pay the final payment soon, but I didn’t pay it until one o’clock. I hope I can get rid of the mentality of the last payer this year, and I can be more rational in shopping.

Susu | 33-year-old mutual gold platform practitioner

After the 11th, WeChat official account, the anchor I paid attention to, began to brainwash me: double 11 is coming.

Because I am on maternity leave now, two mothers and Yueyue take care of the children, so I have plenty of time, so my daily routine is to visit Taobao.

Now, a month later, I feel that I have a small alarm clock in my heart. After breakfast, remind me to go for a stroll, and then go for a lunch break every day. At eight o’clock in the evening, my baby went to bed, and it was time for my live broadcast.

The most direct feeling is that switching between various live broadcast rooms is really too tired. Sometimes I really don’t want to go shopping, but I can reluctantly open Taobao and enter the live broadcast room. At first glance, it will be two or three hours. The professionalism of these anchors makes you unable to stop. Some goods that are just an idea, as long as the anchor says "the last 20 thousand copies, the last 10 thousand copies", will basically start. In addition to daily shopping in buy buy, I will also compare in my mind which anchor pushes more reliable things.

When you want to have a good stroll, you should carefully screen the shopping cart. On the one hand, you should do elimination to see what is completely unnecessary. On the other hand, you should pay close attention to whether these things will increase in price.

Why are you so crazy? Because I am too idle, and I have too many things to buy. My baby’s consumption in the past six months, my various skin care products, mother’s products, large-size clothes for rework, things for both parents, etc. These are all very small things that need to be done.

I will participate heavily in double 11 every year. When I am not busy, I will prepare in advance. When I am busy, I will take time off for lunch break and buy more, because buying in buy buy is one of the few life adjustments outside my work.

In fact, in previous years, I was very happy no matter how much I bought or how little I bought, but this year’s happy feeling disappeared, and most of them were upset caused by anxiety. In the early stage, I was worried that I didn’t do my homework properly, and I felt lost if I didn’t buy it right. Later, I felt that I spent too much time and energy on it, but my psychological expectations were not met, so I was depressed. In fact, the biggest pressure on me is not to buy in buy buy, but to stroll around, hoping that the world will cancel the fatigue of double 11.

I told my family what I thought, and they said, then you can uninstall Taobao. My first reaction was, of course not, so my time this month was not wasted. Should I buy it or not? I will shop less after I buy it.

At present, there are more than 120 items to be paid in my Taobao order, including the full reduction and so on, and I need to pay the final payment of about 70 thousand. However, I may choose to refund a quarter of orders after paying the final payment, especially skin care products. Because the deposit in the live broadcast room is not waiting for people, some of them do their homework online after paying, and they find that they are not suitable for their skin. Besides, I usually stock up on goods. Recently, I found that a batch of skin care products at home are approaching.

What worries me now is that I can’t "rest" after the first wave on November 1. On November 11th, the second wave, I didn’t want to participate any more, and I didn’t know if my body was honest.

Little demon | 25-year-old Internet company employee

Because of the nature of my work, I often stay up until one or two in the morning to write PPT, feeling that the collagen on my face is losing at a speed visible to the naked eye, so I will buy a lot of skin care products. Coupled with the change of seasons in autumn and winter, there is reason to buy more skin care products.

According to my habit, if I am sure I need to buy a lot of things, I will spend at least one afternoon studying them, but I seldom study discount routines, because I know that no matter how hard I calculate them, I can’t beat the merchants.

This year in double 11, it was the first time I bought something in the live broadcast room. I used to think that this method was a waste of time. I had to listen to the anchor’s chatter before I could buy it. I would rather go to a purchasing agency I know around me or buy it online at the counter. This year, I read the list of live broadcast announcements of Li Jiaqi and Viya in advance, and felt that the discount was very strong. I discussed with my colleagues what I planned to buy, and I squatted in the live broadcast room on time on October 20th.

During the live broadcast, I kept telling myself to spend rationally. Although I was also very moved when the anchor introduced some products that I didn’t plan, I thought I really didn’t need them, so I restrained myself and only paid the deposit for the helena rubinstein Eye Cream and Estee Lauder Cream that I had selected before.

Both of them are difficult to grab. When Viya introduced the product, I was so nervous that I was worried that I couldn’t grab it. So as soon as I got online, I clicked the link immediately, and it didn’t take two seconds, but fortunately, I grabbed it and was very happy.

In addition to skin care products, this year I have added Chinese medicine foot bath powder to my shopping cart. Because I usually have no time to exercise because of my busy work, and my physical strength is very poor, I can only stay up late and soak my feet for health, at least to promote blood circulation.

Although I restrained myself from buying indiscriminately, most people around me regretted buying it. One way is that if she grabs something that others don’t, she will pay the balance and let the person who takes over transfer the money to her. More likely, it is to return the goods immediately after paying the final payment.

I feel that women are naturally afraid of missing the bargain. The live broadcast room creates a sense of tension that everyone is grabbing. If you don’t buy someone else, you will buy it. At this time, you feel very much like the aunt you saw in the supermarket. Whether it is useful or not, you will rush to see the discounted things and grab them first. For example, one bottle of cream is actually enough, but when my friend saw the discount, he bought three bottles at once. After buying it, he asked me if I bought too many. I joked that it might take you several days to finish wiping your face.

Merchants are also very good at designing. The node where the deposit is paid is just in the early hours of the morning, and women are more prone to emotional and impulsive consumption.

In the final analysis, the "working girl" still has the mentality of being greedy for petty gain. If she is really rich, she doesn’t care about which anchor is more favorable and whether to send samples or not. One of my colleagues is like this. She usually buys them in official website at the original price, but a working person like us can only calculate who is the most cost-effective, gives the most and has the highest cost performance.

Do you feel that your income can’t satisfy your desire for consumption when you buy something? I thought it was nonsense. I think it’s better to buy 10 very cheap things than one that is not out of date. I will feel that the speed of making money is not as fast as the price increase.

If I have enough income, the things that appeal to me are luxury bags, earrings, necklaces, mobile phones, headphones and watches. ……

Sissy | 29-year-old cultural media practitioner

This time, because I was moving, I bought nearly 8,000 yuan without paying attention. I feel that if I didn’t buy it in double 11 this time, I would miss a lot of money.

I got all the electrical appliances when I moved this time. The biggest thing I bought was an oven, which was planted by a Vlog blogger. I always wanted to buy it. After this move, I lived alone as a gift for myself. I also bought an air fryer, so that my friends can cook French fries when they come home.

Of course, I also bought a lot of small things to enhance the interest of life. Because I like drinking more, I bought a set of wine mixing equipment, red wine glasses with a particularly nice sound when they collide, some beautiful porcelain and a lot of wine.

To my surprise, during this time in double 11, some homestays and tourist platforms began to sell coupons at a discount. This coupon can be redeemed until around May next spring, and I will still spoil this wool.

In fact, I didn’t grab these things in the live broadcast room. Maybe I am the life of the legendary 2G network. I hardly watch the live broadcast room. The only time I saw it was when I wanted to grab a white down jacket from Beichen, Canada Goose. I squatted there from the beginning of the live broadcast. I didn’t expect her live broadcast sequence to be out of order. When I was tired of watching it, the down jacket was gone when I planned to place an order, so I couldn’t grab it quickly, and the experience was very bad.

Many of my selections come from some grass planting platforms instead, and I will buy them according to what bloggers wear. This year, I bought a pearl necklace with a black turtle neck in double 11, and bought it on a special sale platform, which was both economical and beautiful.

Anyone who knows me well knows that I am a bag maniac. In my eyes, bag is a stage of transition in girls’ lives. I basically collected all the basic models of big brands, but later I found that many of them were completely idle and would not be carried out. Because I had to carry a computer all day, I sold them all. Now I only have three, and then I wear different clothes. Basically, these three are enough.

As we all know, big-name bags in double 11 are hardly discounted. On the contrary, Black Five offers more discounts. Moreover, these brands are basically not broadcast in the live broadcast room. Even if there are third-party sellers, the quality is difficult to guarantee, which is one reason why I don’t watch live broadcasts to sell goods.

I will also spend on impulse, which is basically a large amount of money. In fact, it is not easy for fall in price to buy large amounts of things. Everything I buy on impulse is particularly expensive, but it is easy to change it into money later, or it is easy to make it continue to generate more value on me.

I think what annoys me about double 11 is that Jiang Fan (president of Taobao Tmall) said impassioned at the press conference that this year’s double 11 will be divided into two sections. This is obviously because merchants and platforms want to make more money, but it seems to be a carnival with consumers. In fact, the longer double 11 dragged on, the less interested everyone was.

I used to be a moonlight clan, and I have no savings at all. I’ve always felt that it’s better to make more money than to spend so much time on raiders. People are driven by a sense of security. As I get older, I start to spend 1/10 of my salary on fixed investment, and I believe I will earn more money in the future.

* The title map comes from the network. At the request of the interviewee, john young, Su Li, mr.zhou, Xiao Yao and Qian Qian are pseudonyms.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 11th, New Media Specialist According to Reuters’s report on January 8th, when American social media companies took measures against users and organizations that incited the siege of Capitol Hill, and finally blocked the account of US President Trump, their actions were too small and it was too late.

　　The report pointed out that in the past few weeks, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other technology giant platforms and some emerging marginal social networks have predicted the impact on Capitol Hill that killed five people.

　　According to the report, the online lobbying group "Voice" found a post on Facebook website with an illustration of Trump standing in front of the White House with a machine gun and the text "Come and occupy it". Another illustration depicts Trump as Uncle Sam with his words: "I hope you will come to Washington, D.C. on January 6th. The scene will be very crazy at that time. "

　　Some experts who study false information say that platforms allow radical racists, violent enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists to gather a large audience, and online celebrity people know what they can gain from it.

　　The report also said that Alex Stamos, the former chief security officer of Facebook and the current head of the false information disclosure project at Stanford University, said: "What you finally see is that the content on mainstream social media platforms has been seriously diluted, and other platforms are full of more radical content."

　　Stamos said, "It is difficult to assert that there is something wrong with mainstream content, because it is all about ‘ Come to the rally ’ . ‘ Get ready for a fight ’ It is the content on the websites of 8Kun and Paler, and the content that incites the implementation of the action is in ‘ Telegraph ’ On the software. "

　　On Wednesday, local time, a tweet turned "My fellow Americans, a storm is coming" sent by anonymous Q organization three years ago into a call to action. This tweet was forwarded 16,000 times.

　　According to the report, before Facebook closed the page of "Red State Separation" organization on Tuesday night local time, the organization had been urging nearly 8,000 fans to find the home address of officials who "helped steal the election victory".

　　Jared Holt, a false information researcher at the Atlantic Council, said that the far-right groups that appeared at the scene of the riots were very active on platforms such as Paler, Chat, MeWe, Zello and Telegraph, and sometimes they discussed using crowd tactics to enter the Capitol.

Zheng Xue Fei Teng | Wen

After entering the year end, major express delivery companies have closed down one after another. For hands-chopping people, who is used to "shipping in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai" and "ordering immediately and delivering on the same day", the express delivery suddenly closed down, and life seems to be extremely inconvenient. If you want to buy something online, you have to wait for years before it can be delivered.

This inconvenience often makes people think, perhaps before the rise of express delivery, what kind of logistics system did our parents experience? Twenty years ago, what kind of material transfer did people need to go through to get their favorite items? Even further back, in ancient China, how did the ancients achieve efficient logistics?

The "Luhe Duyun Map" painted by Jiang Xuan, a painter in Qing Dynasty (partially), shows the grand occasion of Tongzhou water transport.

Reasonable organization of transportation

China’s ancient thought of "logistics" has a long history. Although the so-called "logistics" here is very different from today’s concept, literally, for the effective flow of "things", various governments have designed a series of systems.

Due to the great differences in scenery in different regions within the unified empire, as Sang Hongyang said in the Western Han Dynasty: "The bamboo of wuyue, the material of Sui and Tang Dynasties, cannot be used … while Zou, Lu, Zhou, Han, and Chenopodium are not unique, and the few are not unique." In order to balance the products in different regions of China, rich logistics means came into being.

In ancient Chinese, the logistics capacity was improved mainly from the aspects of transportation tools, checkpoint roads, transportation organization, transportation system and goods storage. The first two are easy to understand, and we mainly focus on them today.Transportation organization, system and storage.

The ancient people only had two modes of transportation: water transportation and land transportation. Among them, land transportation certainly existed, otherwise the golden sentence "Riding a princess in the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi" could not be written. Different from this small and refined transportation, more often the transportation scale is extremely large, so it is necessary to carry the task by the caravan camel team that shuttles between mountains and rivers and deserts.

Generally speaking, water transport actually played a more important role in ancient times. Especially in the farming era, grain, as a very important resource, is often located in the capital and grain-producing areas.

A ride to the smoke and smoke billowing smile, no one knew that the south sent the fresh fruit of litchi.

In order to transport grain effectively, the ancients also designed a set of transportation organization, in which important strategies such as setting up warehouses along the river and transporting in sections were adopted. During the period of Tang Gaozong, when transporting grain to Chang ‘an, all localities had to cross the Huaihe River into the Yellow River via Bianshui, and finally arrived in Chang ‘an. However, the Yellow River is dangerous and difficult to sail, especially in Sanmenxia area. According to the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, in order to solve this problem, in the late Kaiyuan period, Prime Minister Pei Yaoqing changed direct transportation to feeder transportation, and set up river warehouses in various river sections. "The general principle of water runs with the proximity, and it is accommodated in the warehouse when it is impassable. It does not delay the ship far away, and it does not worry about long-term consumption, which is more than twice as beneficial as long-term transportation in the open year."

The scene of the Qing Dynasty post station exhibited in the Postal Museum.

Sectional transportation took place after the Anshi Rebellion. According to the different water potentials of the Canal, Huaihe River, Bianhe River, Yellow River and Weihe River, Prime Minister Liu Yan adopted different sizes of ships for sectional transportation. This situation is recorded in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty: "River boats don’t enter the Bian River, Bian boats don’t enter the river, and river boats don’t enter the Weihe River; The transportation of the south of the Yangtze River accumulates in Yangzhou, the transportation of the Bianhe River accumulates in the shade of the river, the transportation of the river boat accumulates in Weikou, and the transportation of the boat into Taicang. At the age of one, 1.1 million stones were transferred, and no one was drowned. " At that time, in order to facilitate the loading and unloading during transshipment and salvage in the water, the goods were also changed to bags.

Oriental IC Data Map of Tongxing Escort Agency in Pingyao Ancient City

Transportation system

In addition to the effective organization of transportation behavior on the transportation distance, the ancient government was also very good at mobilizing private forces to join the transportation and formulating corresponding institutional measures to promote transportation. The system of each dynasty was complicated and varied, and it was often further improved on the experience of the previous generation.

In Salt and Iron Theory, it is recorded that Sang Hongyang’s "equal loss" system in the Western Han Dynasty, that is, all the tributes should have been sent to Beijing, and the central government sent equal loss officials to all the places. After checking the tributes that must be delivered, all the other tributes were sold at market prices. In this way, it not only eliminates the need for freight transportation, but also enables the government to earn profits from it, thus forming an effective government-run commercial network throughout the country.

Part of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. In ancient times, pack transportation was an important mode of transportation.

When Zhou Chen, a famous minister of Yongle Dynasty in Ming Dynasty, became the governor of Jiangnan, there were both military and pro-democracy movements when Jiangnan grain was transported to Beijing. The government set a certain amount of "rice consumption" in addition to the "rice consumption" (grain and rice levied to make up for transportation losses and expenses). Because rats and birds eat rice, float in the water and rot in the process of transportation, the losses often exceed the given amount of "rice consumption", which makes the burden of the people carrying husbands heavy.

To this end, Zhou Chen reformed the transportation system, replacing the original three grain chiefs and deputy grain chiefs from each township with one grain chief and one deputy grain chief to take turns to transport grain to Beijing. Further change the original separation of military transport and democracy movement into military-civilian exchange transport. Jiangnan rice was transported to Huai ‘an or Guazhou by the people’s movement, and then transported to Tongzhou by the army, thus reducing the consumption of rice in water transportation.

With the increase of population, demand and the development of water transport in the capital, there were also professional transport households and specialized transport intermediaries in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which were called "tooth people". According to scholars’ research, in order to find reliable shippers to deliver goods, shippers at that time needed to be introduced by people, otherwise, it would be easy to steal goods and even steal them to escape. Tooth people act as middlemen for water transport professionals and shippers.

Goods storage

Efficient logistics, on the one hand, depends on the convenience of transportation, and on the other hand, it is inseparable from the nearby goods storage. "Nearby storage" has become another important part of China’s ancient logistics thought. It is worth noting that the so-called "warehouse" and "warehouse" have a special distinction. The warehouse is used for storing grain, while the warehouse keeps other materials.

In Mozi’s era, due to the consideration of war, the perennial accumulation in the city was emphasized. In Mozi Banner, there are "all the methods of guarding the city, stones have accumulated, firewood has accumulated, management has accumulated, reeds have accumulated, wood has accumulated, charcoal has accumulated, sand has accumulated, pines and cypresses have accumulated, Peng Ai has accumulated, hemp has accumulated, and gold and iron have accumulated."

This is in view of the preparations for the war in the city. Due to the status of the royal family and "just need", the initial storage was concentrated in the capital. Geng Shouchang, a senior farmer in the Western Han Dynasty, clearly opposed this arrangement. He suggested that "all the border counties should build warehouses" and opposed the grain storage being too concentrated in the capital and leading to the establishment of warehouses.

Founded in the 23rd year of Qianlong (1758), Jichang granary in Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang.

In Zi Zhi Tong Jian, there is also Emperor Yangdi’s idea that "it is better to accumulate in people than to have a treasury". By the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong, a politician who laid the foundation for the Yuan system and today’s capital city of Beijing, put forward the idea that "it is better to take advantage of the near warehouse and lose" in view of the phenomenon that "grain is far away from the warehouse, and there is one waste of ten".

Looking at the warehouses scattered all over the country, we can also find that three principles were basically valued when building warehouses in ancient dynasties: convenient transportation, setting up nearby, and relying on mountains and rivers.

references

Su Kewu: China’s Ancient Logistics Thought (Historical Monthly, No.3, 1998).

　　BEIJING, Beijing, January 24 (Xinhua) Affected by strong cold air, a new round of large-scale rain and snow in the central and eastern regions kicked off. According to the weather forecast, it will enter the strongest snowfall period today and tomorrow, and there will be heavy snow in Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu.

　　In response to the blizzard weather, many notices of suspension of classes in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools were issued. The National Disaster Reduction Committee, the National Defense General, the Ministry of Agriculture and other departments have also made emergency arrangements to deal with the large-scale low-temperature rain, snow and freezing weather.

　　The "freezing" in the central and eastern regions continued to hit a new low this winter.

　　In the past few days, the central and eastern regions have suffered from a wide range of cold wave weather, and many places have continuously hit a new low this winter. According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the temperature will continue to be "diving" in the next few days.

　　From the night of the 23 rd to the 26 th, there are still 4 ~ 5 northerly winds in parts of the central and eastern regions, with gusts of 6 ~ 7; The temperature in Huanghuai and most parts of the south has dropped by 6 ~ 8℃, and the temperature drop in some areas can reach 10 ~ 12℃. The average daily temperature in most parts of central and eastern China is 2 ~ 5℃ lower than normal, and in some areas it is more than 6℃ lower.

　　During this period, the lowest temperature 0℃ line will be pressed south to the northeast of Jiangnan to the northeast of Guangxi and the south of Guizhou, and the -10℃ line is located in the eastern part of Huanghuai-the southern part of North China-the eastern part of Northwest China.

　　From 27th to 31st, due to the influence of supplementary cold air, the temperature in the central and eastern regions will drop from north to south, and will remain low.

　　According to the meteorological department, this will be the most extensive, longest-lasting and most serious freezing weather process in China since this winter.

　　A new round of blizzard is coming! Today and tomorrow are the strongest snowfall periods.

　　In addition to the great cooling, the "rain and snow" in this round of low-temperature rain, snow and freezing weather will show its power in the next few days.

　　According to the forecast, the strongest snowfall period is from the day of the 24th to the night of the 25th, and from 20: 00 on the 24th to 20: 00 on the 25th. There are blizzards in Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, and the local snow can reach more than 40cm.

　　There are moderate to heavy snow or sleet in the southeastern part of the northwest, southwestern Shanxi, western and southern Huanghuai, Jianghan, Jianghuai, western and northeastern Jiangnan, among which there are blizzards in southeastern Shaanxi, southern Henan, most of Anhui, western Jiangsu and central and northern Hubei, and there are local blizzards.

　　From 20: 00 on the 25th to 20: 00 on the 26th, the snowfall area moved eastward, and the intensity was slightly weakened. There are moderate to heavy snow and local snowstorms in southern and eastern Hubei, south-central Anhui, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang.

　　Reporter Zhong Xinshe

　　Deploy in many places to deal with blizzard weather: kindergartens, primary and secondary schools are closed

　　It is worth mentioning that some of the above-mentioned areas that will be swept by snowstorms have already experienced a round of heavy snowfall at the beginning of this month. When the blizzard comes again, many places have also deployed prevention and response work in advance.

　　In Anhui, the office of Anhui Disaster Reduction and Relief Committee issued an urgent notice, requiring all localities to investigate various hidden dangers, and people in dangerous areas should be transferred in advance and properly resettled.

　　The education departments of Huangshan, Hefei, Chizhou and other cities in Anhui announced that from January 24 to 28, schools, kindergartens and rural high schools in the compulsory education stage in the city were suspended, and the final exams were suspended.

　　In Jiangsu, Suzhou Education Bureau informed all primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) in the city to suspend classes on the 25th and 26th. Wuxi Education Bureau informed all primary and secondary schools (including vocational schools) and kindergartens in the city to suspend classes for two days on 25th and 26th, and the final examination time for primary and secondary schools was arranged on January 29th-30th.

　　In Hubei, the official of the Emergency Office of Wuhan Municipal Government issued a message, asking all levels of government departments and relevant enterprises and institutions to properly purchase and reserve some snow melting agents, brooms, shovels and other snow removal materials and tools to prepare for snow melting and sweeping.

　　Multi-sector emergency deployment to minimize disaster losses

　　A few days ago, the office of the National Disaster Reduction Committee issued an urgent notice in response to the freezing weather with the widest range, the longest duration and the most serious impact after winter.

　　The National Disaster Reduction Committee requires that all localities should take effective measures, co-ordinate resources of all parties, focus on solving practical difficulties caused by disastrous weather to people’s production and life, do a good job in disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, ensure the safety of people’s lives and property, and minimize disaster losses.

　　In addition, the National Defense General issued a notice to the flood control and drought relief headquarters of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Shaanxi and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the flood control and drought relief headquarters of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Pearl River and Taihu Lake on the 22nd, urging all localities to effectively strengthen emergency duty and consultation analysis, closely monitor changes in freezing rain and snow, strengthen monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and implement various preventive measures in advance.

　　In view of the impact of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather on agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture has also urgently deployed prevention and response work, requiring agricultural departments at all levels to consciously take prevention of low temperature, rain, snow and freezing disasters as an urgent task at present.

　　The Ministry of Agriculture requires that all localities should thoroughly analyze the impact of low temperature, rain and snow weather on the supply of agricultural products, pay close attention to market trends, release supply and demand information in a timely manner, guide farmers to harvest mature agricultural products in a timely manner, and strive to increase the market supply. (End)

In 2019, the Central Rural Work Conference, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee and the spirit of the National "Two Sessions" will be implemented, and the structural reform of the agricultural supply side will be further promoted around the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. The state will continue to increase investment in supporting agriculture, strengthen overall planning and integration of projects, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In order to facilitate the broad masses of farmers and all sectors of society to understand the national policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers and give play to the role of policy guidance, the key agricultural support policies implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance in 2019 are hereby released as follows.

I. Development and circulation of agricultural production

1. Cultivated land fertility protection subsidies. In principle, the subsidy object is farmers who have the right to contract cultivated land. Subsidy funds are directly paid to households through the form of "one card (discount)". All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) continue to determine the subsidy object, subsidy method and subsidy standard in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture on Comprehensively Pushing Forward the Reform of "Three Subsidies" in Agriculture (Cai Nong [2016] No.26) and in combination with local conditions, so as to maintain the continuity and stability of policies and ensure the direct benefit of farmers. Encourage all localities to innovate ways and means, take green ecology as the guide, explore the mechanism of linking subsidy distribution with the implementation of farmland protection responsibility, and guide farmers to consciously improve farmland fertility.

2. Agricultural machinery purchase subsidies. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall select and determine the items of subsidized machines and tools in the province within the category of subsidized machines and tools purchased by the central government, and the machines and tools within the scope of subsidies shall be supplemented, giving priority to ensuring the subsidies for machines and tools needed for the production of major agricultural products such as grain and supporting the green development of agriculture, and increasing the items of machines and tools for the resource utilization of livestock manure. Treat the purchase of agricultural machinery products at home and abroad equally. The amount of subsidy is calculated according to the average market sales price of the same product in the previous year, and the calculation ratio is not more than 30% in principle.

3. Advantages and characteristics lead the development of industries. Focusing on the leading industries with regional advantages and characteristics, we will focus on developing a number of small but sophisticated characteristic industrial clusters, and demonstrate and guide the development of one village, one product, one town, one specialty and one county. Select 200 geographical indication agricultural products with distinctive geographical characteristics, development potential and high market recognition to carry out protection and promotion. We will implement green recycling, high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural promotion projects, and form a number of agricultural industrial clusters based on the industrial chain of production, processing, circulation and sales of green and high-quality agricultural products, integrating scientific and technological innovation, leisure and sightseeing, and planting and breeding. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

4. National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park. Based on advantageous and characteristic industries, we will build a modern agricultural industrial cluster with large-scale planting and breeding bases as the support, leading industrialized enterprises as the driving force, modern production factors as the gathering, and "production+processing+technology". In 2019, we will continue to create a number of national modern agricultural industrial parks, select a number of national modern agricultural industrial parks, and strive to improve the infrastructure conditions of industrial parks and enhance public service capabilities. The provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) are responsible for the creation work, and the central government will arrange part of the subsidy funds that meet the conditions for creation, and then arrange part of the bonus funds according to the situation after being recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance.

5. Demonstration of agricultural industry strengthening the town. Take the villages and towns with active local economy and obvious rural industrial characteristics as the carrier, take industrial integration and development as the path, cultivate local economy and rural industries, standardize and expand the main body of production and operation, innovate the mechanism of farmers’ interest connection and sharing, and build a number of strong agricultural towns with prosperous industries, economic prosperity, green beauty and livable industries. The central government supports it by arranging bonus funds.

6. Information enters villages and households to promote demonstrations throughout the province. In 2019, seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) including Tianjin, Hebei, Fujian, Shandong, Hunan, Guangxi and Yunnan were supported to carry out demonstrations. Accelerate the construction and operation of Yi Nong Information Society, and build and repair the "information superhighway" covering rural areas, based on agriculture and serving farmers as soon as possible. Information into the village to take market-oriented construction and operation, the central government to give a one-time award.

7. Dairy industry revitalization action. Focus on supporting the development of high-quality forage planting, family pastures and dairy cooperatives that restrict the development of dairy industry. Accelerate the development of grass and animal husbandry, actively promote grain to feed, vigorously develop the production of high-quality forage materials such as alfalfa, silage corn and oatmeal, and promote the increase of fresh milk output and quality improvement. Incorporate dairy farmers’ development of family farms and dairy cooperatives into the cultivation project of new business entities for priority support and support the construction of high-quality milk source bases. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

8. Promotion of improved livestock breeds. In eight major grassland and pastoral provinces, such as Inner Mongolia and Sichuan, subsidies will be given to beef cattle farms (communities and households) that use improved semen to carry out artificial insemination in the project area, as well as farmers who can breed ewes and yaks and cows. Encourage and support the popularization and application of excellent breeding pigs and semen, and accelerate the improvement of pig varieties. In 10 provinces where bee owners produce bees, such as Heilongjiang and Jiangsu, we will implement the action of improving the quality of bee industry and support the construction of high-efficiency and high-quality bee industry development demonstration zones. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

9. Green, high-quality and efficient actions for key crops. Taking key counties as units, we will highlight the three major grains of rice, wheat and corn and oil crops such as soybeans, rape and peanuts, integrate and promote the "all-link" green, high-quality and efficient technology model, explore the construction of "all-process" socialized service system and "all-industrial chain" production model, and promote the production level of "county-wide" by radiation to increase the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government.

10. Socialization service of agricultural production. Support rural collective economic organizations, specialized agricultural service organizations, service-oriented farmers’ cooperatives, supply and marketing cooperatives and other entities that have certain capabilities and can provide effective and stable services, and provide agricultural productive services such as agricultural technology promotion, land custody, farming and planting, unified prevention and control, drying and storage for farmers engaged in the production of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar. Appropriate financial subsidies will be given to reduce the service prices of farmers.

11. Agricultural machinery subsoiling. Support suitable areas to carry out subsoiling and soil preparation of agricultural machinery. The national working area is more than 140 million mu, and the working depth is generally required to reach or exceed 25 cm, breaking the bottom of the plow. The relevant provinces that undertake the task will make overall arrangements to support them from the budget issued by the central government. According to the actual needs of agricultural production, the four northeastern provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region can carry out subsidies for deep ploughing (deep ploughing) of agricultural machinery in suitable areas.

12 farmland rotation fallow system pilot. In 2019, the central government supported the pilot area of rotation fallow for 30 million mu. Among them, the pilot project of crop rotation is 25 million mu, which is mainly implemented in the soybean, peanut and rape producing areas in the cold northeast region, the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Yangtze River basin; The pilot project of fallow is 5 million mu, which is mainly implemented in groundwater overexploitation area, heavy metal pollution area, rocky desertification area in southwest China and serious ecological degradation area in northwest China.

13. Awards for major grain-producing counties. Rewards will be given to regular grain-producing counties, super-grain-producing counties, oil-producing counties, commodity grain-producing counties, seed-producing counties and provinces where the "Quality Grain Project" is implemented. As a general transfer payment, the incentive funds for conventional grain-producing counties are arranged by the people’s government at the county level as a whole; Other incentive funds are used to support the development of grain and oil industry in accordance with relevant regulations.

14 pigs (cattle and sheep) out of the county awards. Including pigs transferred out of big counties, cattle and sheep transferred out of big counties and provincial-level overall incentive funds. The county-level people’s government will make overall arrangements for the pig (cattle and sheep) production and circulation and industrial development in this county, and the provincial-level people’s government will make overall arrangements for the pig (cattle and sheep) production and circulation and industrial development in this province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government).

15. Subsidies for corn, soybeans and rice producers. Subsidies for corn and soybean producers were implemented in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. The central government will allocate subsidies for corn and soybean producers to provinces and regions, and local governments will formulate specific measures for the implementation of subsidies, clarify subsidy standards, subsidy targets, subsidy basis, etc., and be responsible for paying subsidy funds to corn and soybean producers. In order to support the deepening of the reform of rice storage system and price formation mechanism and ensure the basic stability of farmers’ income from grain production, the state continues to give appropriate subsidies to the major rice-producing provinces.

Second, the protection and utilization of agricultural resources

16 grassland ecological protection subsidies and awards. In Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other eight provinces (autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, subsidies for grazing prohibition and rewards for balancing grass and livestock were implemented; In Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Heilongjiang Provincial Land Reclamation Bureau, the "package" policy and performance evaluation awards will be implemented. The supplementary award funds can be used for grassland ecological protection construction in pastoral and semi-pastoral counties of the country as a whole, and the good practices of the first round of policies can also be continued.

17. Fishery proliferation and release. Carry out fishery proliferation and release in key water areas such as river basins, rivers and seas with serious resource degradation, promote the recovery or increase of fishery population, improve and optimize the fishery population structure in water areas, and realize the sustainable development of fishery.

18 fishery development and ship scrapping, dismantling and updating subsidies. In accordance with the requirements of balanced and coordinated development of marine fishing intensity and resource regeneration capacity, we will support fishermen to reduce ships and switch to production and build artificial reefs to promote the restoration of fishery ecological environment. In order to adapt to the new situation of modernization and specialization of fishery development, under the premise of strictly controlling the "double control" index of the number and power of marine fishing boats and not increasing the fishing intensity, there are plans to upgrade and transform standardized fishing boats with good selectivity, high efficiency, energy saving, safety and environmental protection. At the same time, support the promotion of deep-water cages, navigation AIDS in fishing ports and other public infrastructure to improve the basic conditions for fishery development.

19. Compensation for prohibited fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin. The central government adopts a combination of one-time subsidies and transitional subsidies to support the ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River basin, and promote the restoration of aquatic biological resources and the ecological environment of waters. Among them, the one-time subsidy is used by the local authorities to recover fishermen’s fishing rights and scrap special production equipment, and is directly distributed to eligible fishermen who have retired. Transitional subsidies are used by all localities as a whole for the work directly related to the ban on arrest, such as propaganda and mobilization, early withdrawal of rewards, strengthening law enforcement management, and emergency response to emergencies.

20. Action of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer for fruit, vegetable and tea. Select key counties, support farmers and new agricultural operators to use the organic fertilizer generated by the resource utilization of livestock manure, focus on popularizing the technical modes such as returning compost to the field, applying commercial organic fertilizer, returning biogas residue and biogas slurry to the field, and covering with natural grass, and explore a number of production and operation modes such as "fruit biogas livestock", "vegetable biogas livestock" and "tea biogas livestock" to promote the quality improvement and resource recycling of fruits, vegetables and tea.

21. Pilot project of comprehensive utilization of crop straw. Promote the whole county nationwide, adhere to agricultural priority and diversified utilization, cultivate a number of industrialized utilization subjects, and build a number of model counties with full utilization. Stimulate the vitality of market players in all aspects of straw returning, leaving the field, processing and utilization, and explore the technical route, model and mechanism of comprehensive utilization of straw that can be popularized and sustainable.

22. Resource treatment of livestock manure. Support large animal husbandry counties to carry out the resource utilization of livestock manure, and realize the full coverage of the whole county governance for the resource utilization of livestock manure in large animal husbandry counties. In accordance with the principle of government support, enterprise as the main body and market-oriented operation, taking local and nearby use of rural energy and agricultural organic fertilizer as the main utilization mode, new (expanded) treatment facilities for livestock manure collection and utilization, as well as regional centralized manure treatment centers and large-scale biogas projects will be built, so that all large-scale farms can realize manure treatment and resource utilization, and an industrial pattern of combining agriculture with animal husbandry and recycling development will be formed.

23. Plastic film recycling. Support 100 counties in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang to promote the recycling of waste plastic films, and encourage other regions to carry out independent exploration. Support the establishment of a sound recycling and processing system for waste plastic films, establish recycling mechanisms in various ways, such as handing in business entities, organizing recycling by specialized organizations, recycling by processing enterprises, and exchanging old ones for new ones, and explore the extended responsibility system for plastic film producers who produce and recycle.

24. Comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation. Taking Heilonggang River Basin in Hebei Province as the focus, we will carry out the adjustment of planting structure with fallow as the focus, popularize agronomic water-saving measures such as water and fertilizer integration, rainwater harvesting on greenhouse surface, moisture measurement irrigation, drought-resistant and water-saving varieties, and establish a semi-fallow system for dry farming and rain-fed planting.

25. Comprehensive management of cultivated land polluted by heavy metals. Focusing on Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area in Hunan Province, strengthen the monitoring of heavy metals in producing areas and products, popularize VIP (variety substitution, irrigation water source purification, pH value adjustment) and other technical models for the safe utilization of polluted farmland, and explore replicable and scalable models for the safe utilization of polluted farmland. Carry out the adjustment of planting structure and implement the pilot project of fallow of cultivated land.

Third, farmland construction

26. Construction of high-standard farmland. In 2019, in accordance with the five unified requirements of "unified planning and layout, unified construction standards, unified organization and implementation, unified acceptance and assessment, and unified warehousing", more than 80 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built nationwide, and it will be tilted to grain production functional areas and important agricultural products production protection areas. In terms of construction content, in accordance with the General Rules for the Construction of High-standard Farmland, focusing on land leveling, soil improvement, farmland water conservancy, mechanized roads and farmland power transmission and distribution equipment, we will promote the "mechanized" transformation of cultivated land, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure, improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and implement the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology".

27. Protection and utilization of black land in Northeast China. It will be implemented in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, and a centralized contiguous demonstration zone will be established to showcase a number of black land protection and utilization models. Support the development of technical and engineering measures such as controlling black soil loss, increasing soil organic matter content, conserving water and fertilizer, raising black soil, and monitoring and evaluating cultivated land quality. Encourage new agricultural business entities and social service organizations to undertake implementation tasks.

Fourth, agricultural science and technology personnel support

28. Capacity-building of farmers’ cooperatives and family farms. Support the high-quality development of demonstration cooperatives and farmers’ cooperative unions at or above the county level, and cultivate a large number of family farms with moderate scale. Support farmers’ cooperatives and family farms to build primary processing facilities such as cleaning, packaging, cold storage and drying, and carry out "three products and one standard" and brand building to improve product quality and safety and market competitiveness.

29. Agricultural credit guarantee service. Focus on serving family farms, farmers’ cooperatives, agricultural socialized service organizations, small and micro agricultural enterprises and other agricultural moderate-scale business entities. Give full play to the role of the national agricultural credit guarantee system, focusing on agricultural and forestry advantageous industries such as grain production, animal husbandry and aquaculture, vegetable and fruit tea, agricultural socialized services such as agricultural materials, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology, farmland infrastructure, and new rural formats such as the integration and development of rural primary and secondary industries, precision poverty alleviation projects, family leisure agriculture and sightseeing agriculture. Support all localities to adopt ways such as guarantee fee subsidies and business awards to reduce the financing cost of moderate-scale business entities and solve the problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing for agricultural business entities.

30. Cultivation of new professional farmers. Focus on agricultural professional managers, modern young farmers, rural practical talents leaders, the backbone of new agricultural business entities, and the poverty alleviation targets of agricultural industries, and improve their production skills and management level. Support capable farmers’ cooperatives, professional and technical associations, leading agricultural enterprises and other subjects to undertake training work.

31. Reform and construction of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system. Support agricultural counties with high willingness to implement and good tasks to undertake the task of system reform and construction, strengthen the construction of rural service system for agriculture, improve the service ability and level of grassroots agricultural technicians, and popularize and apply a number of major technical models that meet the requirements of high quality, safety, cost saving and efficiency improvement and green development. In poverty-stricken areas, we will fully implement the special appointment plan for agricultural extension services, and recruit a group of special agricultural technicians from local agricultural experts, experts in planting and breeding, technical backbones of new agricultural business entities, and front-line service personnel of scientific research and teaching units to provide strong support for industrial poverty alleviation.

V. Agricultural disaster prevention and reduction

32. Agricultural production for disaster relief. The central government gives appropriate subsidies to the prevention and control of major agricultural natural disasters and biological disasters, emergency relief and post-disaster recovery. The scope of support includes subsidies for materials needed for the prevention and control of major natural disasters and biological disasters in agriculture, subsidies for materials needed for measures to restore agricultural production, harmless treatment fees for dead animals after disasters, and subsidies for straw sheds (warehouses), livestock greenhouses and emergency forage materials needed for disaster prevention and livestock protection in pastoral areas.

33. Prevention and control of animal diseases. The central government grants subsidies for compulsory immunization, compulsory culling and harmless treatment of animal diseases. Compulsory immunization subsidy funds are mainly used to carry out the purchase, storage, injection (feeding) of animal compulsory immunization vaccines (anthelmintics) such as foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, small ruminant plague, brucellosis and echinococcosis, as well as related prevention and control work such as monitoring and evaluation of immune effect and personal protection, and to subsidize the implementation and purchase of animal epidemic prevention services. In the process of preventing, controlling and exterminating animal epidemics, the state shall compensate the owners of animals that have been forcibly culled, and the subsidy funds shall be jointly borne by the central finance and local finance. The state supports the harmless treatment of dead pigs in the breeding process, and all localities should improve the subsidy policy for harmless treatment according to relevant requirements and local conditions, and earnestly do a good job in the harmless treatment of the breeding process.

34 agricultural insurance premium subsidies. On the basis of local finance independently developing and voluntarily assuming a certain proportion of subsidies, the central finance gives premium subsidies to rice, wheat, corn, cotton, potatoes, oil crops, sugar crops, fertile sows, cows, fattening pigs, forests, highland barley, yaks, Tibetan sheep and natural rubber, as well as seed production insurance for rice, wheat and corn, and the proportion of premiums paid by farmers is generally not more than 20%. Continue to carry out and expand the agricultural catastrophe insurance pilot, the level of protection covers "direct materialization cost+land rent", and the protection targets cover moderate-scale business entities and small farmers in the pilot areas; In Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei and other six provinces (autonomous regions), four major grain-producing counties were selected to continue to carry out the three major grain crop full cost insurance and income insurance pilot projects, and the level of protection covered "direct materialization cost+land rent+labor cost"; The central government launched a pilot program to reward and supplement local agricultural products insurance with local advantages and characteristics.

VI. Rural Construction

35. The improvement of rural human settlements was promoted as a whole. We will implement the Three-year Action Plan for Rural Human Settlements Renovation, focus on supporting the central and western regions to promote rural human settlements renovation in counties as a unit, promote the tasks of rural domestic garbage, domestic sewage, toilet manure treatment and village appearance improvement, and speed up the completion of the shortcomings in rural human settlements infrastructure construction.

36 advanced county awards for rural human settlements improvement. Implement the spirit of "Three-year Action Plan for Rural Human Settlements Renovation" and "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening Incentive Support in Areas with Significant Achievements" (Guo Ban Fa [117] No.2018), and evaluate the rural human settlements renovation work in various provinces according to the Implementation Measures for Rural Human Settlements Renovation Incentive Measures, and determine the list of counties to be recommended. When allocating the annual transfer payment funds for comprehensive rural reform, the central government will give appropriate tilt support to the counties that have achieved remarkable results in the improvement of rural human settlements.

37. The "toilet revolution" in rural areas was promoted throughout the village. The central government arranged special award funds to support and guide all localities to take administrative villages as units, make overall planning and design, organize and launch as a whole, simultaneously implement household toilet renovation and public facilities supporting construction, and establish and improve the later management and protection mechanism. In principle, the popularization rate of sanitary toilets in administrative villages should reach more than 85%. The award funds mainly support the construction of facilities such as manure collection, storage, transportation and resource utilization, and the subsequent improvement of management and protection capabilities, taking into account the renovation of household toilets. The standards and methods of award and compensation are determined by local conditions.