CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a weather bulletin. During the day, there was snowfall in Yantai and Weihai, Shandong Province. In the next three days, the national temperature will continue to be low, paying attention to the impact of strong cold air on the central and eastern regions from the 18th to 20th. The high altitude areas in western Guizhou pay attention to the icing effect of freezing rain on transmission lines, wind farm fans and other facilities. China’s offshore waters are windy, and we are concerned about the harm of strong winds at sea.

　　First, the weather situation

　　Snowfall weather in Yantai and Weihai, Shandong Province;During the day, there were small to medium snows in Yantai and Weihai, Shandong Province, and there was a local snowstorm in Yantai, with a precipitation of 12 mm; There is freezing rain in the western part of Guizhou. There are 6 ~ 8 gusts in Fujian and Zhejiang coastal areas, and the local level is 9 ~ 11.

　　Second, the key weather forecast

　　1. The temperature will continue to be low in most parts of China.

　　In the coming week, the temperature in most parts of China will continue to be low. It is estimated that from 20: 00 on December 17 to 20: 00 on December 20, the daily minimum temperature in parts of northern Xinjiang, central and eastern Northwest China, Inner Mongolia, North China, Northeast China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, northern Jiangnan and Guizhou will be more than 5℃ lower than the historical period, and the daily minimum temperature in parts of eastern Northwest China, Inner Mongolia, North China, Northeast China, central and eastern Huanghuai and eastern Jianghuai will be 7℃ lower than the historical period.centreThe Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a low-temperature yellow warning at 18: 00 on December 17.

　　In addition, from 20: 00 on December 17 to 20: 00 on the 18 th, there will be strong winds of 5~6 and gusts of 7~8 in southern Xinjiang, central and northern Tibet, central and western Inner Mongolia and Hexi, Gansu; There will be strong winds of magnitude 7-8 and gusts of magnitude 9 in the southwestern part of the East China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the bashi channel, and the northern and central parts of the South China Sea, with winds of magnitude 9 and gusts of magnitude 10 in some parts of the central and eastern South China Sea (see Figure 3).The Central Meteorological Observatory at 18: 00 on December 17Continue to issue a gale blue warning.

　　It is estimated that from 18th to 20th, a new strong cold air will affect the central and eastern regions from north to south, and the temperature will drop by 4 ~ 8℃ in parts of central and western Inner Mongolia, eastern Northwest China, North China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, eastern Jiangnan and central and eastern South China, and the temperature will drop by more than 10℃ in parts of northwestern Shanxi, eastern Liaoning and eastern Jilin.

Figure 1 Forecast chart of national average temperature anomaly (from 20: 00 on December 17 to 20: 00 on December 20)

Figure 2 National lowest temperature forecast map (20: 00 on December 17 -20: 00 on December 20)

Figure 3 National Gale Forecast Chart (20: 00 on December 17th-20: 00 on December 18th)

　　There is rain and snow in the south.

　　From the night of 17th to 19th, there will be rain and snow in most parts of the south, sleet or snow in some areas such as Jianghuai area, light rain and local rain in Jiangnan and South China. From the night of 17th to 18th, there was freezing rain in high altitude areas such as north-central and eastern Guizhou, western and southern Hunan.

　　Third, the specific forecast for the next three days

　　From 20: 00 on December 17 to 20: 00 on December 18,There is light snow or sleet in parts of southeastern Tibet, southern Qinghai, southeastern Northwest China, western Huanghuai, northern Sichuan Plateau, Jianghuai and Jianghan, among which there is moderate to heavy snow (5 ~ 7 mm) in parts of southeastern Tibet, north-central Anhui and north-central Jiangsu. There are small to moderate rains in parts of the eastern part of Southwest China, the central, eastern and southern parts of Jiangnan, northern South China, Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Island. There are 4 ~ 6 winds in parts of central and western Inner Mongolia, Hexi in Gansu, Liaodong Peninsula and central Zhejiang, and there are 7 ~ 8 winds locally (see Figure 4).

Figure 4 National Precipitation Forecast Chart (from 20: 00 on December 17th to 20: 00 on December 18th)

　　From 20: 00 on December 18 to 20: 00 on December 19,There is light snow or sleet in parts of central and eastern Liaoning, southeastern Jilin, central and southern Jiangsu and Anhui, western Jiangxi, northeastern Hunan and central and eastern Guizhou, among which there is moderate to heavy snow (5 ~ 6 mm) in central Liaoning and other places. There is light rain in parts of south-central Jiangnan, southern Guizhou, western and northern Fujian, most of Guangxi and Hainan Island. There are 5 ~ 6 winds in parts of Liaodong Peninsula, northern Hebei, Shandong Peninsula and northern Zhejiang (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 National Precipitation Forecast Chart (20: 00 on December 18th-20: 00 on December 19th)

　　From 20: 00 on December 19 to 20: 00 on December 20,There is light snow in parts of Ili Valley in Xinjiang, eastern Jilin and Shandong Peninsula. There is light rain in most parts of Zhejiang, Fujian, southwestern Guizhou, central, eastern and southwestern Yunnan, southeastern Guangxi, southwestern Guangdong, and northwestern Hainan Island. There are 5 ~ 6 winds in parts of Liaodong Peninsula, northern Hebei, Shandong Peninsula, northern Zhejiang and southeastern Guangxi (see Figure 6).

Figure 6 National Precipitation Forecast Chart (20: 00 on December 19 -20: 00 on December 20)

First, the development process of China’s medical beauty industry

According to Article 2 of the Measures for the Administration of Medical Beauty Services, medical beauty refers to the repair and reshaping of human appearance and the morphology of various parts of the human body by surgery, drugs, medical devices and other traumatic or invasive medical techniques. Medical beauty is divided into surgical and non-surgical medical beauty according to whether surgery is needed, which are all carried out by registered professional doctors and medical experts.

Compared with the United States, South Korea and other big countries, China’s medical beauty industry started late, and its development process can be roughly divided into three stages:

Figure 1: The development course of China’s medical beauty industry

According to public information

From 1949 to 2008, marked by the establishment of plastic surgery for the first time, the domestic medical beauty industry began to sprout. In 1949, plastic surgery was established for the first time in China, which marked the germination of medical beauty industry in China. Since then, many public hospitals have set up plastic surgery departments, such as the Plastic Surgery Hospital of China Medical College. During this period, the main demand for medical beauty comes from passive plastic surgery such as post-injury repair and correction.

2008-2014 was the initial stage of the industry, and the upstream raw material manufacturers developed well, which led to the emergence of private medical institutions. This stage has three characteristics. First, a number of related companies are listed or listed, such as the listing of Huaxi Bio in Hong Kong in 2008 and the establishment of Huahan Plastic in 2010. Second, industry integration and mergers and acquisitions are frequent, and Langzi, suning universal and Fosun all deploy the medical and beauty industry through mergers and acquisitions; Third, the cooperation between China and South Korea has been further deepened, with Langzi and Evergrande as the representatives, and Korean technology and doctors have been continuously introduced and promoted.

Since 2014, with the help of capital, the industry has prospered and developed, and the "internet plus" wave has given birth to the Internet medical beauty platform. Driven by the mobile Internet and consumption upgrading, the Internet medical beauty platform has developed and gradually become the hub of the medical beauty industry chain. Since 2014, Internet medical beauty platforms such as New Oxygen, More Beauty and Yuemei.com have been favored by the capital market and have won several rounds of financing.

Second, the general situation of medical beauty industry chain

According to the relationship between the upstream and downstream of medical beauty products from manufacturing to serving consumers, the medical beauty industry chain can be divided into upstream raw material equipment manufacturers and downstream medical beauty institutions. The upstream raw material equipment, including instruments and equipment, injections and auxiliary materials, reach downstream private or public institutions through direct sales or consignment by manufacturers to provide corresponding services for medical beauty consumers. In addition, with the development of Internet technology and the penetration of consumer groups, the Internet medical beauty platform helps upstream manufacturers simplify distribution links by linking medical beauty institutions, and on the other hand, it can help consumers make efficient decisions. Related service providers include medical beauty industry information service providers, medical beauty APP, medical beauty insurance and so on.

Figure 2: Medical Beauty Industry Chain, compiled and drawn by the author.

Third, the status quo of China’s medical beauty industry

With the improvement of economic conditions, the continuous improvement of living standards, and at the same time, China consumers are influenced by the new trend of international medical beauty, and their awareness of medical beauty consumption is gradually awakening, and the medical beauty market is showing a rapid development trend. In 2019, the medical beauty market in China reached 176.9 billion yuan, and the CAGR was 28.54% in 2015-2019, which was higher than the same period in the world.

Figure 3: Global and China Medical and Beauty Industry Market Scale in 2015-2019

Source: Lemon Aimei, iResearch, etc.

1. Upstream: the overall concentration of raw materials and equipment is relatively high, and the domestic substitution is accelerated.

Medical cosmetology can be divided into surgical category (plastic surgery) and non-surgical category (Light medical cosmetology), in which the market capacity of Light medical cosmetology, China has steadily expanded, accounting for a stable proportion of the overall medical beauty market. Surgical medical beauty projects include eyelid plastic surgery, nose plastic surgery, oral orthodontics, hair transplantation and other head and face projects, breast enhancement and other chest projects, as well as liposuction and other physical projects. Non-surgical medical beauty projects include injection projects such as botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, facial rejuvenation projects such as photon rejuvenation, and other projects such as tooth beauty. China’s Light medical cosmetology market accounts for a much higher proportion of the overall medical beauty market than the surgical cosmetic plastic surgery market, and has been stable at around 65%-70% in recent years. In 2018, the market size of China Light medical cosmetology was 102.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.62%; In 2019, the market size of China Light medical cosmetology was 119.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.86%.

Table 1: Classification of Medical Beauty Projects

According to public information

Figure 4: The market scale of China Light medical cosmetology accounts for a high proportion of the overall medical beauty project scale.

Source: iResearch.

Figure 5: China Light medical cosmetology market size

Source: iResearch.

In terms of raw materials in Light medical cosmetology, hyaluronic acid and botulinum toxin are the main injection fillers. According to ISAPS data, the plastic surgery projects using botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid reached 5.03 million and 3.3 million respectively, accounting for a total of 66%. According to the new oxygen big data, hyaluronic acid and botulinum toxin accounted for 66.59% and 32.67% respectively, accounting for a total of 99.26%.

Figure 6: Distribution of Injection Medicine Beauty in China

Source: New Oxygen Big Data

Upstream products have high technical barriers and strict listing approval, resulting in a high concentration of upstream manufacturers. In China, it takes 3-5 years to get the certificate of hyaluronic acid class III medical devices, and it takes 5-8 years to get the registration certificate of botulinum toxin drugs. Therefore, the upstream medical machinery link in the United States has a high moat advantage with strict policies and technical barriers. Up to now, a total of 16 enterprises in China’s mainland market have the registration certificate of hyaluronic acid class III medical devices issued by NMPA, while only 4 enterprises have the registration certificate of botulinum toxin biological drugs, of which only one is domestic.

Table 2: List of Domestic Approved Hyaluronic Acid and Botulinum Toxin Products

Source: NMPA, flint creation

Hyaluronic acid (commonly known as hyaluronic acid) is a kind of natural macromolecular mucopolysaccharide with N- acetylglucosamine and D- glucuronic acid as structural units, which widely exists in vertebrate connective tissues and body fluids, and has unique viscoelasticity and excellent water retention properties. At present, medical grade hyaluronic acid terminal products mainly cover three application fields: medical beauty, orthopedic treatment and ophthalmic treatment. In 2018, the medical beauty market was larger than other application fields, reaching 3.70 billion yuan, and the growth rate was higher than other fields, with a compound growth rate of 32.3% from 2014 to 2018. In 2020, it is estimated that the market scale of medical beauty hyaluronic acid terminal products in China will reach 4.82 billion yuan.

Figure 7: Market size of medical-grade hyaluronic acid end products in China (100 million yuan)

Source: Frost & Suliivan

China’s hyaluronic acid market is dominated by imports, and there is a large room for domestic substitution. At present, there are more than 20 kinds of hyaluronic acid products subdivided by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). In terms of sales, the top four companies in the hyaluronic acid market are all foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for 68% of the total in 2019, and imported products dominate. In terms of sales volume, the sales volume of domestic hyaluronic acid has exceeded 40% in 2018, and domestic brands have gradually emerged. With the continuous improvement of cross-linking method and production technology of domestic hyaluronic acid products, the gap between domestic products and imported products in terms of concentration, degree of cross-linking, particle size, hardness and cohesiveness is gradually narrowing, and the domestic substitution process of hyaluronic acid will be deepened.

Figure 8: China Medical Beauty HA Product Sales Ranking in 2019

Source: Frost & Suliivan

Figure 9: Sales ranking of HA products of China Medical Beauty in 2018

Source: Frost & Suliivan

Botulinum toxin (commonly known as botulinum toxin): It is a toxic protein secreted by botulinum in the process of reproduction and has strong neurotoxicity. Botulinum toxin, as a nerve agent, can inhibit the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings by irreversibly cutting the neurotransmitter conduction complex, thus causing muscle relaxation and paralysis. However, its biggest application scenario is not in the medical field, but for medical beauty needs such as dynamic wrinkle correction, face-lifting and stovepipe. The overall market scale of botulinum toxin in China is in the stage of rapid growth. According to Limu Information Consulting, the market scale of botulinum toxin sold through formal channels in China has accelerated since 2015, reaching 3.92 billion yuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 32%.

Because the product is highly toxic, it is strictly regulated by the state. At present, there are only four official certifications in China (Hengli made in China, BOTOX imported from the United States, Dysport made by Ipsen in Britain and Letty Bo developed by Hugel in Korea). There are still seven botulinum toxin products in the process of applying for qualification. Looking around the world, the United States is the dominant company, Korean botulinum toxin producers all have the layout in China, and other manufacturers are researching botulinum toxin products, and Britain, Germany, Russia and India all have product layouts.

Laser beauty equipment: There are many kinds of equipment in the medical beauty equipment market, among which laser beauty equipment achieves the effect of plastic surgery through "light intervention" and becomes the backbone of the beauty medical market. Laser beauty instrument can be used in the fields of skin softening, nevus removal, wrinkle removal, hair removal and so on. According to public information, China’s laser beauty instrument market has developed rapidly. In 2019, the market scale was 2.84 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.73%.

Laser beauty instrument depends on imports, and domestic products are gradually recognized in the market. Although there are many laser medical beauty equipment enterprises in China, the mainstream equipment is mostly imported products. In the photoelectric equipment industry, foreign giants and local dominant enterprises are relatively mature, and the industry concentration is high. At present, the common suppliers of imported laser medical equipment include Alma in Israel, Lumenis in the United States, and Cynosure in the United States, accounting for 80% of the regular equipment and occupying a dominant position. The domestic medical and beauty equipment industry started late, and the technical foundation of enterprises is relatively weak. Domestic laser medical beauty enterprises have continuously enhanced their R&D capabilities, improved product quality, and gradually increased their market share through extension investment, mergers and acquisitions, and independent research and development. In terms of specific products, Wuhan Qizhi Laser’s photon therapeutic instrument and semiconductor laser depilation instrument, Shenzhen Peninsula Medical acne therapeutic instrument, Shenzhen GSD’s multi-element rf beauty instrument and other products are gradually recognized in the market.

2. Downstream: the entry barrier of cosmetic and plastic surgery hospital industry is low, and the distribution is unbalanced; The trend of "internet plus" is expected to reconstruct the ecology of medical beauty industry.

At present, in the market of medical beauty hospitals in China, service terminals are mainly divided into public plastic surgery hospitals and private beauty hospitals. Generally speaking, private specialized beauty hospitals and their clinics occupy most of the market space. However, due to the concentration of top experts, scholars and surgeons in the industry, the most advanced medical beauty resources and technologies in China, standardized management and high trust, public hospitals are still a very important part of the domestic medical beauty industry. In the future, with the advancement of medical reform, public hospitals are expected to regain their vitality in the market competition of medical beauty and jointly promote the rapid development of China’s beauty industry with private capital.

At present, medical and aesthetic institutions and professionals are mainly concentrated in the developed areas in the east. Although the market coverage has been extended to the central cities in the central and western regions, the market space of the second, third and third tier cities in the central and western regions with greater market breadth is still blank, and there is still a lack of channels for product promotion and business expansion, and it will take time to expand downward. On the whole, China’s medical beauty market has formed a layout with Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing and Chengdu as the center of gravity, which can be roughly divided into four sectors: East China, North China, South China, Central China and West China, among which North China, East China and South China account for the vast majority.

Figure 10: Regional Distribution of China’s Medical Beauty Market

According to public information

Open up the relationship between medical and aesthetic institutions and consumers, and the Internet platform is expected to lead the reform of medical and aesthetic institutions. The main problem faced by private beauty hospitals is the high cost of sales and customer acquisition, and consumers are also faced with the embarrassment of asymmetric supply and demand information of medical beauty. The medical beauty APP platform mainly gathers users through the form of content+community+e-commerce or appointment referral, and builds a bridge for communication between B-end institutions, doctors and C-end customers, which improves the decision-making efficiency of users and reduces the marketing cost of institutions. From 2011 to now, dozens of medical beauty apps such as New Oxygen, Yuemei and Meituan Medical Beauty have emerged. Medical beauty App has purified the industry to a certain extent, promoted the medical beauty industry to transparency and standardization, and to some extent disintegrated the phenomenon of using the information of buyers and sellers to collect fees unequally. However, from the current point of view, the relevant medical beauty apps have not found a sustainable and stable profit model, and they still focus on business exploration in the short term.

Fourth, the future development prospects

At present, China’s medical beauty market is in the process of rapid development, and it faces the following outstanding problems: (1) The market is chaotic: raw materials and drugs of medical beauty are chaotic, and there are over-packaging of items and over-consumption of drugs; (2) The industry concentration is very low: the market share of head enterprises can only reach about 5%, and most of the markets are concentrated in some enterprises in the middle and long tail; (3) Medical resources can’t meet the demand: experts such as doctors and nurses, as well as hospital management talents are in short supply. With the rapid expansion of the medical beauty market, the medical resources in the industry will become more and more tense; (4) The supervision of the industry is still lacking: many medical and aesthetic supervision systems and policies are still in the process of exploration and improvement.

Since 2002, China’s supervision of medical beauty industry has become increasingly strict. The state has successively promulgated the management methods, institutional standards and classified management catalogue of medical beauty services, and promulgated the evaluation standards and detailed rules of medical beauty institutions. In 2016, China Plastic Surgery Association was established, and medical beauty service institutions officially entered the era of compliance. In 2020, eight ministries and commissions, including the Health and Health Commission, jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Comprehensive Supervision and Law Enforcement of Medical Beauty to crack down on illegal medical cosmetology and further rectify the medical beauty industry. With the increase of non-surgical items in the beauty market and the popularity of injection filling items, consumers’ complaints about after-sales service, quality and contract of medical beauty institutions have increased. Relevant departments should supervise medical beauty services and drugs in a targeted manner according to the development trend of the industry market, further promote the structural reform of the medical beauty industry, and improve the bad phenomenon of regaining customer marketing and neglecting professional medical care in the industry.

Table 3: Supervision Policy of Medical Beauty Industry in China

According to public information

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In the wave of "Yan value economy", everyone has a love of beauty, and the increase of per capita disposable income is an important factor to quickly enlarge the "love of beauty". In the medical and beauty industry chain, the domestic substitution of upstream raw materials and equipment has accelerated, while the downstream industries are more chaotic. However, the trend of "internet plus" is expected to reconstruct the ecology of medical beauty industry. At the same time, the state has issued a series of policies to continuously guide the industry to develop in a standardized and healthy way, and drive the industry to develop healthily.

* Disclaimer: This article is an original article for Flint, written by Xin Mingyu, and may not be reproduced without authorization.

　　Reference News Network reported on February 18, On February 15th, the website of the French newspaper Echo published an article entitled "Where is the end of protectionism? The author is Christian Desbois Searle, emeritus professor at the University of Paris I and vice president of the French Economists Association. The content is compiled as follows:

　　At the end of January this year, the first Washington economic talks jointly sponsored by the French Institute of Economists and the French Embassy in the United States were officially held. The main topics discussed in the talks are the development trend of globalization and the challenges faced by international cooperation.

　　Are we going to "go global"? Most of the globalization process has been difficult to reverse, and high-tech is a good example. The so-called "de-globalization" is just a split trend involving global trade or capital flow.

　　It is in this case that the American Inflation Reduction Act has also become a topic of discussion. Because of this bill, the United States has made most of its major trading partners respond one after another.

　　The signal given by the bill brings at least one positive aspect: the United States has begun to pay attention to the response to climate change again. But Europe will also be directly affected, because the attractiveness of funds in the United States has obviously increased. The position of many European companies has pointed to this.

　　Europe is no longer as naive as it used to be, and responds by increasing government subsidies. Europe’s strategic thinking is clear: strike back at the subsidy policy of the United States and other unreasonable policies that make competition go astray. However, there is a real challenge behind this: if the subsidy policy is used too much, will there be problems in the European unified market? Many EU member States are hesitant to increase subsidies, because it is very beneficial to those big countries (especially Germany and France).

Different attitudes between small countries and big countries remain an important factor of division. However, the dominant "non-cooperation" situation in public opinion is actually far from being formed. Adam Posen, director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics in the United States, suggested that Europeans "go to the World Trade Organization to launch actions against the United States". In the face of rampant protectionism, this is a good opportunity to rethink how the WTO works and its power.

　　When it comes to trade, everyone is used to targeting big trading countries. However, emerging countries and developing countries will be directly affected by the Inflation Reduction Act and other countries’ counter-measures The trade logic of the United States is to distinguish friendly countries from other countries, while Africa and many southern countries are listed as "other countries".

　　However, the southern countries have been affected by the tightening of monetary policy in developed countries, and are facing capital flight, currency war and forced interest rate hikes.

　　The Washington economic talks also mentioned a topic that the French Economists Association has been talking about for two years: the redistribution of the re-created SDR share, and the transfer of developed countries to southern countries. At present, Africa is expecting, France is pushing, and the US Senate is freezing.

　　[Test Drive] Today’s article is not so much a test drive as an appreciation of a giant car model in various backgrounds. Although there is no change in the technology and configuration of the upcoming new Black Orange version, a brand-new color matching also changes the feeling of the whole vehicle, which is the most direct effect achieved by the simplest method. When you drive slowly in the car with this color and personality, the high turn-around rate may make you a little nervous, but when you get used to being noticed, you will find that this is fun.

　　This test drive is the hard top version of the new Beetle AT Black Orange, which is the version painted in black and orange. The engine is still the old 1.8T I believe many friends have heard a little about the performance of this engine, even if you haven’t driven it. The old model 1.8T is the first engine that makes Chinese people have a concept. The advantage is that the cast iron cylinder block is very solid, and the modification potential is high. The disadvantage is that the low torque of 5 is very poor, and the power is lacking before the turbine intervention. The feeling after driving is similar to that of domestic models equipped with this model.

　　The only change that the performance of the Black Orange version of the Beetle can match is that the height of the car body is reduced by 10 mm. This little change is still practical, and lowering the center of gravity of the car body will also decrease, which will enhance the stability of the car to a certain extent. In addition, for users who pursue sports style, the small ground clearance feels more harmonious in visual effect.

"This color combination seems to be more masculine."

　

　　Today, I don’t want to describe the performance of this black orange version of the beetle in too many words, because if you drive 1.8T, racing and showing off its power may be the most effective way, but if you drive a beetle with a personality color, between the power of 1.8T and its personality color, if I have to choose, I will choose to show off its color. When I drive through the lane, passers-by observe my car, and I observe the smiles of passers-by, which is enough …

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The following four pictures are the four main differences between the Black Orange version and the normal version of the new beetle:

　　A large area of orange, the rest are all decorated with black, so the contrast of color matching is too big and conspicuous, which attracted many passers-by to watch when shooting. Plus this black+orange bug is lying in the 798 art factory in Beijing, which is simply a piece of personality. Not much to describe, look at the pictures.

"The new Beetle may be the best production car with the front and rear echoing …"

　　I didn’t PS too many words on the picture because I really didn’t want to spoil the overall feeling of the picture, but I still want to emphasize here that the main difference between the Black Orange version of the new beetle and the ordinary version is that in addition to the large area of orange paint on the car body, the Black Orange version also uses black 17-inch wheels, black exterior mirrors, black roof and color stickers with the word "Black Orange" on the side of the car body. The ink version uses silver 17-inch wheels and silver exterior mirrors.

Chinese restaurants, tea restaurants and overseas Chinese food in Britain are included in the topic # Afternoon Tea 1 Content # Life Bookstore New Book Recommended 31 Contents #2021 New Book 43 Contents.

▲ Beijing Restaurant, the oldest famous Chinese restaurant in Leicester, England.

Image source: www.163.com

The taste of Chinese restaurants in Britain has changed from the traditional Cantonese flavor to the Hong Kong flavor. Especially in China City, the center of London, there are hundreds of very good Chinese restaurants, all of which can basically cook authentic Cantonese food, as well as dazzling hot "Cantonese dim sum", and Cantonese-style porridge with different flavors is also available. Overseas Chinese food seems to have the right style.

Afternoon Tea, Tea Restaurant and Hong Kong Pavilion

Author: Zhou Songfang

After Chinese arrived in England, he was not used to the food itself, but also to the time and way of eating. Chinese gets up early and goes to bed early, and has three meals a day, but Britain gets up early and goes to bed late, and it is divided into four or five meals. Students are no exception, and international students can only do as the Romans do. Some international students wrote down the meal schedule at that time:

As a rule, I get up at about 7: 30, and have breakfast after 8: 00. The food is milk cereal, ham and eggs, bread jam, cheese and tea. The earliest class time starts at 9: 00, and it is customary for British people to have lunch around 1: 00 pm, so the latest class time in the morning is from 12: 00 to 1: 00. In the afternoon, classes are held from 2: 00 to 5: 00, and about 5: 00 is Teatime for English people. English tea is eaten regularly (from 4: 00 to 5: 00, it is called High Tea), and it must be accompanied by bread jam, milk oil, cake cheese and fruit. We regard it as a meal, or at least it should be called refreshment. In the past, this kind of habit was only used by middle-class families, but it has been popular in the general society in recent decades. Although the food materials are different, few people don’t eat tea. Self-study time for students after tea. Dinner is served at about 9 o’clock, and the food is usually simpler than lunch, probably a cold dish, bread and cream, cheese and fruit and a few biscuits. After dinner, you can talk freely, or read soft words, or listen to the radio and phonograph. The usual bedtime is around eleven o’clock.

From this point of view, English dinner is like our midnight snack, and afternoon tea is like our dinner, and it is also as important as us. There is a saying that can show this degree of attention: "English people are used to having tea at five o’clock in the afternoon as usual." A pot of black tea, two pieces of bread, a plate of snacks and a plate of lettuce. Sometimes add an egg or a small fish. " In Chinese’s view, it’s not grand, but in Britain, "it’s better to be a housewife, and guests must watch a movie or eat China rice as a reward". Invite you to have afternoon tea. You should invite her to a movie or even a China meal, just like inviting someone to a western meal on the beach in the early days. That’s simply too much! Mr. Zhu Ziqing also said:

Europeans eat three meals a day, and the weight is quite different. Like Germany, there is only coffee and bread in the morning and cold food in the evening, only lunch is heavier. In France, coffee, moon cake, lunch and dinner seem to be average in weight. Britain pays equal attention to breakfast and dinner, and its lunch is lighter. Britain pays attention to breakfast, just like Chengdu in China. There are porridge, ham and eggs, bread, tea, and sometimes salted fish and fruit. Lunch is simple, you can just eat a piece of toast and a cup of coffee; Some small restaurants sell lunch boxes, such as cold fish and meat, but no dinner boxes.

However, no matter how much attention is paid to rich afternoon tea, it is afternoon tea after all, and it can’t be compared with dinner or dinner. Therefore, Zhu Ziqing probably regarded China’s "little man" as a "gentleman" in Britain, and thought that they often treated people with cheap and simple afternoon tea instead of expensive dinners: British people drink tea once a day at about 4: 30 pm, with toast and butter. When you invite a tea party, there are naturally other things, such as ham with bread, raw pea seedlings with bread, tea steamed bread and so on. They attach great importance to afternoon tea, which is almost indispensable. You can take this opportunity to treat people, which is much simpler and cheaper than inviting dinner. He also said: English people prefer tea to coffee, contrary to French people; They can’t make coffee well either. Most of the tea we drink now is Indian tea; Although China tea is sold in the tea and rice shop, there are few customers. It certainly has something to do with not allowing the profits to spill over, but it is not conducive to the publicity of China tea (for example, it is not clean when fried), and the main reason is that the tea taste is too weak. Indian tea is thick and bitter, and milk and sugar are just right; China black tea is not strong enough, but it smells good. It is strange that the tea sold in the tea and rice shop is so light in color, smell and fragrance that it is inexplicable how that kind of tea can be shipped out. Actually, that’s right. Tea restaurants focus on rice, tea is not important, what is the taste? Just like drinking tea in Guangdong, it is important to eat, and the taste of tea is not counted; Also like the popular tea restaurant, who knows that it is not from tea restaurants?

▲ Bun House Tea Room Teahouse in London.

(Source: sohu.com)

Tea restaurants are everywhere in Britain, and they are relatively cheap, so when Zhu Ziqing visited Britain in May and June 1932, he had a lot of experience and many observation records:

There are three cheap tea restaurants: Lyons, Express Milk Room and ABC Bakery. Each family has opened many stores, all over the city and outside; ABC is less and more expensive, and Laaynes is the most. The fried veal, veal liver and braised duck pieces in the express dairy are also delicious; They burn duck pieces with charcoal fire, so it has a China flavor. ABC fried beef liver can also be eaten, but it’s almost impossible to get old in a hurry; The dim sum is well baked, and several of them are comparable to the French bakery in Beiping. There doesn’t seem to be anything outstanding in Laaynes; But there are two "corner shops" in his house, both at the corner of downtown, but there are delicious foods there. The corner shop has two large rooms, one is upper and lower, and the other is three floors and three large rooms, which can accommodate about 1,500 people. There is a band playing in the evening. As soon as I entered, I saw it was dark and full of people. The corridor was narrow enough, but the weather was quite wide (a British student ridiculed it as "the palace of the poor", which might be good); There, I often find and stand for a long time before waiting for an empty seat. All the stores in these three stores use waitresses, but only two corner stores use some waiters-waiters are more expensive. The waiters and waitresses all wore black uniforms, and the women even wore white hats to entertain the guests in layers. Only in corner shops do you have to tip (although the door is marked "no tip"), and there is no need to tip in these three shops elsewhere. I have been to a corner shop, and the roast chicken is still delicious; But a chicken leg is one yuan and fifty cents in China, and it is more expensive to eat chicken wings. Tea restaurants sometimes have dominoes, etc. for guests’ entertainment, but they rarely ask the waiter for fun; Where there are many guests,There are always people waiting for seats, so there is no need to prepare them. In addition, there is an oyster shop, which specializes in oysters and is not cheap; A landlady told me that it was "unsanitary", but there were no fewer people to eat. Eating oysters is not suitable in summer, so the British say that oysters are out of order if the name of the month is not "R" (May, June, July and August).

▲ SALLY LUNN’S, an ancient bakery in Bath, England.

(Source: ctrip.com)

Through observation, Zhu Ziqing believes that tea restaurants are the true colors and can represent British cooking: "Old city restaurants and tea restaurants are the local flavors. Tea restaurant and frying shop are actually nicknames for small restaurants. The’ rice’ in the tea restaurant originally refers to lunch, but the things sold are not simple, and dinner is full; In addition to frying beef ribs and mutton ribs, the frying shop also sells other things. " There is a kind of sweet sesame cake (Muffin) and Crumpet in the tea and rice shop, which makes Zhu Ziqing never forget:

Sweet sesame seed cake is like our fire, but it has no stuffing, soft and slightly sweet, as if it were made with rice flour. There are many small nests on the cake surface, which are like beehives, relatively thin and like rice noodles. Both of them are about from France; But the sweet biscuits came early, at least 200 years ago. Chefs mostly live in Drury Lane, the place where the famous theater is located. I used to sell it with a plate on my head and a bell in my hand. At that time, people loved to eat, bought them, spread more butter on them, and baked them on the fireplace in the living room or dining room, so that the oil could be soaked in them and bitten off in one bite, or they would get stuck in the quarrel on both sides. This kind of leisure life is very interesting. However, the later Woer cakes were easier to soak in oil, more fragrant, not too thick, too soft, chewy and stylish; People like it gradually, so they buy less sweet biscuits. A lady was sad when she saw this situation, so she wrote to The Times to express her grievances for the sweet biscuits. The Times specially made a small editorial to persuade people to eat sweet biscuits to preserve the ancient style. However, I would rather keep the bad things that the lady said about Woer’s cakes. About that commentator also likes to eat Woer’s cakes.

This kind of English tea restaurant is quite similar to the tea restaurant that rose in Hong Kong later. I wonder if there is any origin between the two, and if so, what kind of origin? Although there are no more materials to explain at present, it is quite intriguing; The influence of Hong Kong diet on Britain increased day by day.

Due to the blockade of the newly established People’s Republic of China (PRC) by the western world, the number of overseas Chinese dropped sharply after 1950s, and it didn’t pick up until 1980s after China’s opening-up and reform. Therefore, the development of overseas Chinese restaurants over the past 30 years has formed a relatively unique form. In 1936, there were more than 8,000 overseas Chinese in Britain, and by 1955, there were only more than 4,000 overseas Chinese, a decrease of half. However, with the influence of the ultra-left trend in the mainland in the 1960s, Hong Kong immigrants joined in one after another, rising to 43,000 in 1971, more than 100,000 in 1981 after the reform and opening up, and reaching 150,000 in the mid-1990s. The same is true of Germany. In the 1930s, there were only over 800 people, and by 1991, there were over 50,000 people. Among them, at the end of December 1986, the Federal Statistical Office of West Germany announced that there were 7730 people from Hong Kong and Southeast Asia who went to Germany to run restaurants.

▲ Chinese restaurant in Chinatown, London

Image source: lushang.sdnews.com.cn

With the increasing number of overseas Chinese, the number of Chinese restaurants has increased even faster, because the early overseas Chinese had a low starting point and it was difficult to accumulate the original capital for opening restaurants, which was much easier to open than the later immigrants, especially those from Hong Kong. Take Britain as an example. In 1940, there were about 30 Chinese restaurants in Britain, but after the 1950s, 150 Chinese restaurants were opened every year. By the end of 1960s, there were 3,000 Chinese restaurants in Britain. According to its basic composition, the overseas Chinese who were the first to invest in the British Chinese food industry after the war can be divided into the following three categories: the first category is the staff of the former national government in Britain. After Britain recognized People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1950, they made a living and mostly invested in the Chinese food industry; The second category is Chinese immigrants from the former British colonies; The third category is immigrants from Hong Kong, especially the New Territories, who are the most successful. According to a survey, from June 1963 to April 1964, of the 150-200 Chinese restaurants in London, only four were run by overseas Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia, and the rest were run by Hong Kong people. As most of the practitioners come from Hong Kong, Cantonese cuisine is the main dish. In his book "American Overseas Chinese Restaurant Industry" published in 1970, Dr. Chen Benchang said that there were 100,000 overseas Chinese and about 6,000 Chinese restaurants in Britain at that time, and particularly emphasized that "90% of the owners and employees were visitors from the New Territories of Hong Kong in recent years".

Since then, the taste of Chinese restaurants in Britain has changed from the traditional Cantonese flavor to the Hong Kong flavor. Even in the provinces and ports, "food in Hong Kong" has gradually surpassed "food in Guangzhou". Thanks to the contribution of Hong Kong people, China restaurants in Britain finally got rid of the suspicion of chop suey and surpassed American chop suey. When a scholar went to Harvard University in the United States to attend a short course one year, the school took good care of them and arranged for them to eat in a Chinese restaurant called Dashenglou. For twenty days in a row, there were only a few dishes, and there was no change. Almost all the dishes were sweet and creamy, and there were still many fried foods. There was absolutely no hot soup. Everyone had a large glass of cold ice water, which really hurt people and ate them every day. Relatively speaking, Chinese food in London is very delicious, especially in China City, the center of London, where there are hundreds of very good Chinese restaurants, all of which can basically cook authentic Cantonese food, dazzling hot "Cantonese dim sum" and Cantonese-style porridge with different flavors. Because of the development of the catering industry and the status of Hong Kong practitioners, a restaurant owner named Deng Zhuting from the New Territories of Hong Kong was also honored as the president of the Chinatown Chamber of Commerce in London and the overseas consultant of the China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, and was invited to attend the National Day ceremony in Beijing many times. Overseas Chinese food seems to have the right style.

▲ Zhongtai Restaurant in Leeds, England.

(Source: bangli.uk)

In addition, in the process of independence, a large number of Chinese immigrants from British colonies in Southeast Asia, such as Singapore, brought with them the flavor of Southeast Asia, adding to the charm of London Chinatown. Although the number of overseas Chinese in London Chinatown decreased from 1,000 to 200 in 1946, it did not prevent it from becoming a block where tourists concentrated again, because small restaurants with cheap and delicious Southeast Asian flavor "chicken with Chili sauce and China food, can attract customers the most".

This article is taken from Diet Journey to the West by Zhou Songfang.

The copyright of the article is owned by Life Bookstore Publishing Co., Ltd.

* The pictures in this article are taken from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete them.

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-Zhiwei Book Department-

Diet Journey to the West: History and Culture of Overseas Chinese Restaurants in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

↑ Click on the picture to buy now.

By Zhou Songfang

32 paperbacks, 272 pages, 48.00 yuan

ISBN：9787807683193

Life Reading Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore Life Bookstore Publishing Co., Ltd

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Recommendation language

Make a statement based on massive historical data

Collage a picture of Chinese people eating overseas.

Look at Chinese food culture

How to take root in Europe and America in the era of "cultural deficit"

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brief Introduction of the content

Since the Opium War, the western powers have knocked on the door of China with their guns. Since then, the trend of western learning spreading to the east has prevailed. From science and technology to ideology and culture, China has played a learner everywhere, and even admired others. In the history of communication between China and foreign countries for nearly a hundred years, only one item, "Chinese cuisine", spread from the east to all parts of the world with the pace of Chinese’s learning from the west, and staged a unique drama with oriental flavor flowing from east to west.

This book traces its roots and combs the unique course of the spread and development of Chinese cuisine in the western world since modern times. The anecdotes from the popularity of Li Hongzhang chop suey in the United States to the Flower House in Paris, from the unique flavor of the Mariner’s Pavilion in London to the historical change of "Eating in Saigon" in Vietnam, lead readers to relive the "Journey to the West" of Chinese cuisine, led by Cantonese cuisine.

This book is a history of food traveling to the west, which reflects all aspects of life history, social history and political history. It is full of interest and historical significance.

#

Related topics

Original title: "Chinese restaurants and tea restaurants in Britain, overseas Chinese food, it is right to be right"

Read the original text

Mosaic Elizabeth

1905 movie network news Directed by Y? Ichi Fukuda and co-starring Oguri Shun, Suda Masaki, Kanna Hashimoto, Masami Nagasawa, Okada Masaki and Tsuyoshi Domoto, the live-action "Silver Soul" is being shown in Japan. The location of this film is Taiying Taiqin Yinghua Village in Tokyo, which has been transformed into a Silver Soul Village. From May 27th to September 3rd, fans from all walks of life will be welcomed to the "Holy Land Tour". In the exposed video of Silver Soul Village, fans can follow the camera and enjoy the original "Silver Soul World". And you can also enjoy the surprise of "official spit", and you can feel the strong "gunpowder smell" through the screen.

Oguri Shun is in charge of everything, and God restores the second element of seiyuu to participate in the live-action version of "Silver Soul"

Meng Xi Elizabeth

　 　　

Real-life construction, one to one "God restores" everything house, and dream fans enter the world of silver souls. The organizer carefully arranged and displayed the classic elements in the Silver Soul. Fans can enjoy the "fun of being chewed" under the head of Dingchun, and they can also feel the most authentic "official spit". The organizer specially invited the animated version of "Silver Soul" with seiyuu, Kensei Muguruma (voiced by Sakata Gintoki), Daisuke Sakaguchi (voiced by Shimura Shinpachi) and Kugimiya Rie (voiced by Shen Le) to break through the dimensional wall and immerse fans in the world of silver soul with a voice with a sense of bringing in. The "official buzz" spoke in a very intimate voice: "I heard that I had to make a movie before I came to the Silver Soul Village. After I came, the movie was finished, and we have to participate in the movie!" . In such an interesting form, it brings the familiar sound of "Silver Soul", which perfectly shows the setting that "Silver Soul" likes to break the dimension and surprise the audience. Finally, the anime "Silver Soul" and the live-action version of "Silver Soul" reached a "reconciliation". As long as the live-action version of "Silver Soul" was vigorously promoted, they would be released. Such a funny setting brought a strong sense of participation and made glad you came, a fan who came to Silver Soul Village.

Shenyuan neighborhood

Self-destructive image can also shine brightly. The real-life version of Silver Soul is a bit wild.

The live-action version of "Silver Soul" has been released in Japan, and won a double harvest at the word-of-mouth box office, which was well received by fans. Within four days of its release, it won more than 980 million yen at the box office, becoming the well-deserved NO.1 of this year’s live-action Japanese local film. After 23 days of release, the number of people watching movies exceeded 2 million, and the box office accumulated 2.73 billion yen. In the film, the actor’s interpretation of "self-destruction" is even more recognized by fans. Oguri Shun, Suda Masaki and Kanna Hashimoto played the role of the Trio of Everything House, giving full play to the seemingly unreliable but reliable temperament. In the world that can’t be changed, I still live freely and protect my original heart. This is also the attractive core value of "Silver Soul", "I am invincible in this way", always young and always in tears.

Build a house of everything in real life

The live-action version of Silver Soul is being shown in Japan.

　　Big data is the product of the development of informatization to a certain stage. With the deep integration of information technology and human production and life, the Internet is rapidly popularized, and global data is characterized by explosive growth and massive aggregation, which has had a great impact on economic development, social progress, national governance and people’s lives. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out in the second collective study on the implementation of the national big data strategy in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee that big data is developing with each passing day. We should assess the situation, carefully plan, advance the layout, strive for initiative, deeply understand the current situation and trend of big data development and its impact on economic and social development, analyze the achievements and existing problems in China’s big data development, promote the implementation of the national big data strategy, accelerate the improvement of digital infrastructure, promote the integration and open sharing of data resources, ensure data security, and accelerate the construction of digital China. The spirit of this important speech has pointed out the direction and tasks for promoting the implementation of the national big data strategy.

　　China’s big data development has unique advantages.

　　Looking at the world, China’s big data development has unique advantages. Although many countries regard economic digitalization as an important kinetic energy to realize innovation and development, and make forward-looking layout in cutting-edge technology research and development, open data sharing, privacy and security protection, personnel training and other aspects, some developed countries have also introduced big data development plans one after another, but no country can promote the development of big data as a national strategy like China, and continue to promote it in depth. In 2015, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed "Implementing the National Big Data Strategy"; In 2016, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" outlines the directional goals and tasks for comprehensively promoting the development of big data; In 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "promoting the deep integration of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and real economy". This continuous direction guidance and top-level design have made China in the forefront of the world in terms of big data development planning and layout, policy support, capital investment, technology research and development, innovation and entrepreneurship. Moreover, China has the advantages of scale and diversification in data resources, and a late-comer advantage in Internet and mobile Internet data applications, and a number of innovative enterprises based on big data applications have emerged. All these show that China has a good foundation and conditions for using big data to promote innovation and development, and also shows the extreme importance and correctness of the implementation of big data strategy by the party and the state.

　　But we must also see that the development of big data in China is still in its infancy as a whole. Although the pattern of rapid development has basically taken shape, it faces many challenges in terms of open sharing of data, breakthroughs in core technologies, and development driven by big data. In promoting the implementation of the national big data strategy, the practice path is still not clear enough, and the cognition of demand is still vague; The open sharing of data lags behind, and the data resource dividend has not been fully released; The profit model of enterprises is unstable, and the toughness and integrity of the industrial chain are insufficient; The core technology has not made a major breakthrough, and its application is still at a low level; There are loopholes in security management and privacy protection, and the system is still not perfect; The market activity is not enough and the supply of talents is seriously insufficient. These outstanding problems are the main factors that restrict the development of big data in China. At present, the development of big data is entering a critical period from concept promotion to application landing. It is very important and necessary to scientifically understand big data and enhance the ability to grasp the development law of big data.

　　Accurately grasp the law of big data value generation

　　Fundamentally speaking, the problems that restrict the development of big data in China largely stem from the level of understanding and thinking, that is, from the unclear understanding of the connotation of big data and the mechanism and law of the generation of big data value. The value of big data has its inherent laws. Only by deeply understanding and mastering these laws can we improve our ability to use big data scientifically.

　　A large amount of data is a prerequisite for the value of big data. When the amount of data is not large enough, they are just discrete "fragments", and it is difficult for people to understand the stories behind them. With the increasing amount of data, after reaching and exceeding a certain critical value, these "fragments" will show regularity on the whole and reflect the nature of things behind the data to some extent. This shows that a large amount of data is the premise of data value, and big data has great value. The "big" of big data is relative and related to the issues of concern. Generally speaking, the more macroscopic the problem to be analyzed and solved, the greater the amount of data needed.

　　Data association is the basis of realizing the value of big data. The problems solved by using big data usually involve multi-departments, multi-fields, multi-individuals and multi-perspectives. The accumulation of pure data may not necessarily make people understand the overall situation of things. Only by gathering and correlating data from different sides and different parts can we have a holistic and essential understanding of things. Data aggregation makes data possible to generate value, and data association makes data realize value, so it is necessary to promote open sharing of data. Governments and enterprises are the main owners of big data. To promote the transformation of big data into development momentum, it is necessary to ensure data supply and reasonable, legal and open sharing.

　　Computational analysis makes big data ultimately generate value. Big data is usually of great value but low value density, so it is difficult to extract value by direct reading. Only through the comprehensive use of mathematics, statistics, computers and other tools for big data analysis can big data generate value and complete the transformation from data to information to knowledge and decision-making. The big data value chain includes data collection, circulation, storage, analysis and processing, application and other links, among which analysis and processing are the core. If you only store it without analyzing it, it is equivalent to buying rice without cooking, which will not produce practical benefits. At present, China’s big data industry is too concentrated in some links (such as storage) and there is a danger of overcapacity, but the production capacity in the analysis and processing links is seriously insufficient, which should attract attention. We should also see that the traditional statistical methods and data mining methods used to analyze data are not applicable to big data, and we must rebuild the statistical basis, calculation basis and data mining method basis of big data.

　　Widespread use has multiplied the benefits of big data. Big data and its products have the characteristics of easy replication, low cost, superimposed appreciation and spread appreciation, and can be widely, repeatedly and superimposed, with high marginal utility and positive externalities. The same set of data can not only be provided to different users at a lower cost under the premise of rationality and legality, so that a single data can serve multiple subjects; But also for different purposes, using different methods for analysis, so that a single data can produce diverse values. Therefore, big data can be put into use once and used repeatedly, resulting in multiple benefits, which is conducive to improving the ability of all walks of life to apply data to solve difficulties and problems.

　　Big data is a new production factor and an important basic strategic resource, which contains great value. After deep excavation and application, it can effectively promote economic transformation and development, reshape the country’s competitive advantage, and improve the modernization level of national governance. Big data can be instigated by system, accumulation and technology, so it can become a driving force for the development of underdeveloped areas. Big data has universal technology, which can be widely and deeply applied in various fields such as enterprise production, government management and social governance, and improvement of people’s livelihood, resulting in incalculable value and benefits. Leading cadres at all levels, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs and even the whole people should form big data thinking, raise their awareness of using big data consciously, legally and effectively, enhance their ability to use data to promote various tasks, and make big data play a greater role in economic and social development.

　　Break through the bottleneck and implement the national big data strategy in depth

　　Comrade Supreme Leader’s important exposition on "analyzing the achievements and existing problems in China’s big data development and promoting the implementation of the national big data strategy" shows that to promote the implementation of the national big data strategy, we must adhere to the problem orientation, size up the situation, carefully plan, advance the layout, strive for initiative, and strive to break through the bottleneck of big data development.

　　Solve the problem of macro-planning landing. The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" and the important speech made by the Supreme Leader in the second collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee have made macro-planning and top-level design for the implementation of the big data strategy. Government departments at all levels should formulate detailed implementation rules as soon as possible to solve the problems of macro-planning and top-level design. First, it is necessary to fill in the shortcomings of gathering data and analyzing data, but also to guard against overcapacity in storage and other links, prevent heavy storage and light analysis, and promote the healthy development of the big data industry. Second, guide the rational layout of data centers, give full play to the role of national engineering laboratories for big data, integrate scattered data resources, and promote the efficient collection and effective integration of big data in key areas. Third, promote the integration and open sharing of data resources to ensure the supply of data resources. Fourth, seize the opportunity of "One Belt, One Road" construction and promote the cross-border flow of data in an orderly manner.

　　Strengthen core technology research. We should concentrate on collaborative research and break through the top ten technical bottlenecks of big data, including blockchain technology and data exchange technology at the data supply level, big data storage management technology, distributed computing technology and programming language technology at the data processing level, big data basic algorithm, machine learning and data intelligence technology at the data analysis level, and big data visualization and authenticity determination technology at the big data application level. Strengthen the research on the basic problems of big data science, and make a forward-looking layout around major basic research such as the theoretical system of big data science, big data computing system and analysis theory, and big data-driven subversive applications. Strengthen the comprehensive application of modern information technology, promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy, and guard against the isolation and conceptualization of modern information technology.

　　Achieve breakthroughs in key areas. To consolidate the advantages of China’s big data development, in addition to promoting the innovation and development of the big data industry, we must also achieve breakthroughs in key areas. First, encourage a number of industries, such as electric power, transportation, finance, Internet and manufacturing, which have a great impact on the national economy, are rich in data and are relatively easy to share, to take the lead in using big data to accelerate development, and play a demonstration and driving role. The second is to promote big data to achieve key breakthroughs in government governance and people’s livelihood services, such as promoting the active application of big data technology in courts and petition systems, improving the level of government decision-making and risk prevention, promoting the prevention of social contradictions from the source, and improving the accuracy and effectiveness of social governance. The third is to deploy a number of big data application projects in the areas of education, medical care, housing, transportation and other people’s livelihood services, promote the transformation and upgrading of related fields, significantly improve the level of public services, and enhance people’s sense of happiness.

　　Accelerate the construction of talent team. At present, there is a strong demand for talents related to the development of big data, and it is urgent to accelerate the construction of talent teams in related fields. First, by setting up a big data service center, activating the big data industry market and strengthening education and training, we will encourage talents in the fields of mathematics, computer science and information technology to transform into the field of big data. Second, according to the development needs, improve supporting measures, encourage overseas high-end talents to return to China, and actively introduce high-level talents and leading talents of big data. The third is to build a multi-level big data talent training system, encourage universities to set up data science and data engineering related majors, and encourage cross-school joint training to carry out interdisciplinary big data comprehensive talents training. The fourth is to implement collaborative education among industries, societies and universities, and cultivate innovative talents in big data technology and application.

　　Effectively protect national data security. Big data contains a huge amount of information. With the wide application of big data, national data security has gradually become an important part of national security. The fundamental policy to ensure national data security is to build an independent and controllable big data security system. We should take the construction of various important national information infrastructures as a breakthrough, promote the large-scale application of domestic chips, domestic network equipment, domestic operating systems, domestic databases, domestic cloud platforms, cloud storage, cloud security and other key software and hardware products, and realize the autonomy of key software and hardware by stages. Strengthen the innovative application of big data technology in the field of information security, strengthen the research and development of key security technologies, seize the opportunities of security technologies based on big data, form the advantages of independent core technologies, improve the level of China’s big data security technology, and gradually form a pattern of transmission, storage, mining and publishing of big data based on independently controllable technologies and equipment. We should also speed up the construction of laws and regulations, clarify the data rights and interests of the state, collectives and individuals under the legal framework, formulate relevant systems for the confirmation, opening, circulation and transaction of data resources, improve the data property protection system, and effectively safeguard people’s interests, social stability and national security. (Author: Xu Zongben China Academy of Sciences, Zhang Hongyun, Associate Professor, School of Management, Xi ‘an Jiaotong University)

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The exterior design of the car system Xingyue L Zhiqing shows a unique modern style. The front face design lines are smooth, and the large-area air intake grille is decorated with chrome, which is exquisite without losing the sense of strength. The overall body contour is full, showing the perfect combination of luxury and dynamic, and the details show the sense of advanced and technological charm, which can attract everyone’s attention whether it is close-up or distant.

With its exquisite body proportion, Xingyue L Zhiqing shows an elegant profile. The body size is 4795mm*1895mm*1689mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2845 mm. This size design not only provides sufficient internal space, but also ensures the driving stability. The lines on the side of the car are smooth, and the exquisite lines outline strength and movement, highlighting its sense of advanced. Tyre size adopts 235/50 R19, with the same specifications of front and rear wheels and dynamic rim design, which further enhances the visual impact and shows its unique side aesthetics without losing movement.

The interior design of Xingyue L Zhiqing draws on the elements of luxury and technology, showing the style of paying equal attention to exquisiteness and comfort. The steering wheel wrapped in leather provides a good grip and support, supports manual up and down+front and rear adjustment, and ensures the best operating position of the driver. The 12.3-inch central control screen stands on the instrument panel, clearly displaying multimedia information, navigation and vehicle data, and integrating voice recognition system, which is convenient for users to control many functions of vehicles.

In terms of seats, Xingyue L Zhiqing adopts imitation leather material to ensure the touch and texture. The main driver’s seat supports front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (4-way) and lumbar support (4-way), providing multi-directional comfort. At the same time, it is also equipped with heating and ventilation functions, so that drivers can enjoy exclusive care in different seasons. The driver’s seat is also equipped with electric seat memory function, which increases convenience. The co-pilot seat also provides fore-and-aft adjustment and backrest adjustment, while the second row of seats supports backrest adjustment, making the space layout flexible. Seats are designed and configured to create a comfortable and practical riding environment.

Xingyue L Zhiqing is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine with an output of 163 HP and a maximum torque of 255 N m.. Matching the 3-speed DHT transmission not only ensures the smooth transmission of power, but also brings a high-efficiency driving experience.

Summarizing the evaluation of the owner, the design of Xingyue L Zhiqing has undoubtedly won many eyes for it. Its domineering air intake grille and sharp headlights show unique charm, and the smooth lines of the body complement the sense of strength. The penetrating taillights at night are the crowning touch, which undoubtedly improves the recognition of vehicles. This design undoubtedly brought a visual feast to drivers and passers-by, and lived up to its remarkable turn-around rate on the road.

Data picture mapping/Yang Hong

　　Total fundraising decreased by nearly 80% year-on-year.

　　According to the statistics of our data center, including Shanghai Electric’s non-financing IPO, 77 companies have appeared in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets through IPO since 2008 (6 main board companies in Shanghai stock market and 71 small and medium board companies in Shenzhen stock market). Except for Shanghai Electric, 76 companies raised a total of about 103.4 billion yuan, with an average price-earnings ratio of 27 times.

　　Since the beginning of this year, due to the deep adjustment of the stock market, the number of IPO companies and the total amount of funds raised have been greatly reduced compared with last year. The industry believes that the IPO is less likely to open in the remaining ten trading days of the year. Optimists predict that if the market is optimistic, it is expected to restart the IPO； in January or the first quarter of next year; However, pessimists said that the current market expansion pressure is still great, and it will take time to open the gate.

　　77 new faces appeared

　　Since January 1, 2008, the Shanghai Composite Index has dropped from a high of 5,522 points to 1,954 points on December 12, with a drop rate of more than 60%. The deep adjustment of the market not only makes investors "suffer huge losses", but also greatly reduces the scale of IPO.

　　According to the statistics of our data center, in 2007, a total of 123 companies were listed on the A-share IPO, including 23 main board companies and 100 small and medium-sized board companies in Shanghai. The total amount of funds raised was about 477 billion yuan, with an average price-earnings ratio of 30 times.

　　Compared with 2007, the number of companies listed through IPO in 2008 decreased by 38%, the total amount of funds raised decreased by 78%, and the average P/E ratio decreased by 10%.

　　In addition to the sharp slowdown in the pace of issuance, there have been few large-cap IPOs this year, with only five companies issuing more than 500 million shares, accounting for 6% of the total number of IPOs, compared with 17% last year. However, although the number is small, large-cap stocks still play a major financing role. The five companies raised a total of 73.3 billion yuan, accounting for 70% of the total IPO funds raised this year.

　　Among the 76 IPO companies this year, China Coal Energy raised the highest amount of funds, reaching 25.6 billion yuan; China South Locomotive issued the largest number of shares, with 3 billion shares; The number of shares issued by Chuanda Zhisheng, which was listed on June 23rd, is the smallest, only 13 million shares. Teerjia, which went public on February 1st, raised the least amount of funds, amounting to 122.2 million yuan.

　　At the same time, due to the continuous decline of the market, the increase of IPO on the first day of listing is also very different. Huarui Cast Steel, which was listed on January 16th, issued 54 million shares, raising 580 million yuan, with an opening increase of 206% and a closing increase of 189%. Huachang Chemical, which was listed on September 25th, issued 51 million shares and raised 510 million yuan, with an opening increase of only 75% and a closing increase of 85%.

　　From the industry point of view, in 2007, 10 financial and insurance companies went public through IPO, while in 2008, the number was 0; Among the IPO companies this year, the two industries with the largest proportion are machinery, equipment, instrumentation and petrochemical plastics, with 16 and 14 companies respectively.

　　Judging from the month of IPO issuance, there were at least four in March this year; At the peak in May, 18 companies were issued and listed. Up to now, no company has listed on the IPO in the fourth quarter.

　　It is worth noting that although Shanghai Electric, which landed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on December 5, was also in the form of IPO, it adopted the method of exchanging shares to absorb the shares of Shanghai Power, and did not raise funds from the market.

　　The IPO has not been reviewed in the past three months.

　　Since Huachang Chemical landed in Shenzhen Small and Medium-sized Board on September 25th, the domestic A-share IPO has been at a standstill. Not only that, the IPO audit has also entered a "frozen period". Since the initial application of Hunan Boyun New Materials Co., Ltd. was approved by the Audit Committee of China Securities Regulatory Commission at its 135th meeting in 2008 on September 16, 2008, the Audit Committee has not conducted IPO audit for nearly three months by December 12, 2008.

　　According to the data of Wind, there are 33 companies that have "passed the meeting" but are still waiting in line for listing, including China Construction, Everbright Securities and China Merchants Securities. Among them, the first application for China Building was approved on June 5th, and it has been more than six months since then.

　　However, it is not just domestic A-shares that are stagnant in IPO. In the context of the global financial crisis and the sharp turmoil in the stock market, the global IPO process has slowed down significantly, especially in the United States. According to reports, since the last IPO on August 8, the US IPO market has been completely frozen, and there has been no harvest for several months, setting a record for the longest "vacuum period" of US IPOs since Thomson Reuters tracked statistics in 1980. Some people joked that American IPO entered the hibernation period ahead of schedule, and many bankers and investors have basically begun to pay attention to IPO activities next year, but no longer care about the rest of 2008.

　　When will the gate open?

　　Although there are still 13 trading days left in December, the industry believes that the possibility of restarting IPO this year is very small.

　　According to Wind data, the number of shares released in December reached 25.256 billion, second only to 27.55 billion in August, which was the second largest peak of lifting the ban in the year, and the financial pressure was still great.

　　Liu Jiazhang, a strategist at National Securities, said that the current market financing function depends entirely on the quality of the market. If there is a cross-year market, there may be some small and medium-sized board IPOs tentatively in January or the first quarter of next year.

　　Unlike Liu Jiazhang’s optimistic expectations, most people in the industry are relatively pessimistic. Xu Haiyang, chief strategist of Nisshin Securities, said that the current market environment does not have the conditions to restart the IPO, and there is no hope that the IPO will open for at least three months. The economy is located in the deceleration cycle, and the secondary market is expected to expand greatly, which greatly affects the market financing function.

　　Xu Wei, a strategic researcher at Guojin Securities, also said that it may be at the end of the first quarter and the beginning of the second quarter at the earliest, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed to maintain the stable and healthy development of the capital market, and the management will also consider the market situation more.

　　At present, the important problem to be solved in the stock market is not to promote more corporate financing, but to solve the "sequela" problem of share reform and expansion reasonably and smoothly. According to the statistics of brokers, the total number of "non-size" lifting the ban will reach 687.024 billion shares next year, which is the highest peak in the history of "non-size" lifting the ban, equivalent to 4.2 times the number of lifting the ban this year. After the lifting of the ban, the proportion of A-share tradable shares in the total share capital will soar from 37% at the end of 2008 to 74% next year.

　　Xu Haiyang pointed out that the focus of the macro-economy in the future is to maintain growth, and the focus of the capital market in one or two years is to solve the problem of expansion. Even if the newly listed stocks are not considered, the market value of tradable shares will expand by about three times in the next two years. Earlier, it was reported that the audit committee "dismissed" some companies that queued up for the meeting, which also reflected the management’s orientation. The capital needs of more companies may need to be realized through other channels than the stock market.

　　In addition, for the Growth Enterprise Market, Xu Wei analyzed that the Growth Enterprise Market will be launched when the market is stable, and it may take one or two hundred companies to launch at once when the Growth Enterprise Market is just launched, so that the market scale will rise and it is possible to trade and invest. However, the large-scale launch has great pressure on the market. Therefore, the management will first consider the opening of IPO in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets and slowly "release" the companies waiting in line for issuance. (Reporter Wang Jin)

Editor: Wang Jiaolong

　　"Drivers who feel that they are experienced and skilled, so they despise traffic rules, are the most prone to accidents." Even young people should improve their awareness of prevention.

　　Can the QR code of street strangers be scanned? Should I believe the winning text message with a link? What should I do if the staff who claimed to be a public security law asked for the bank card number and password?

　　Network security is around you and me, but there are many risks hidden behind these things that you and I may encounter in daily life. In the Internet age, network security is closely related to everyone. Some experts in the industry pointed out that if everyone can develop good security habits, the network security situation will also be greatly improved.

　　As one of the important activities of this year’s National Cyber Security Publicity Week, various streets, communities and business districts in Shanghai have launched the activities of "Cyber Security Entering Communities and Business Districts" to publicize the knowledge of cyber security to residents in various forms and raise their awareness of prevention.

　　They refused to pay quickly because of fear.

　　For a long time, the elderly are the favorite targets of fraudsters, because most of them "don’t know new technology" and "can’t help but be scared". In June this year, Yangpu Public Security Bureau cracked a telecom fraud case. Although the details of the case were disclosed, many netizens said that it was really an old-fashioned case without any "technical content", but the victim Tai Laobo was defrauded of more than 1.7 million yuan.

　　According to the police investigating the case, the reason why Tai Laobo was fooled was that on the one hand, the police officer who claimed to be "Guangzhou Zengcheng Public Security Bureau" made the honest Tai Laobo feel nervous; On the other hand, it is because Mr. Tai is not familiar with the transfer process of electronic banking, and he transferred the money to the liar without knowing it.

　　It turned out that Tai Laobo only opened online banking under the "guidance" of the swindler. After returning home, he logged into the designated webpage and filled in his bank account, password and other information according to the so-called "asset inventory requirements" of the other party. Mr. Tai inserted the U shield into the computer case as required, turned off the monitor, picked up the cipher and pressed the "OK" key. The website he logged in is actually a remote control software. The U shield and password device were originally the "double insurance" of online banking, but the scammer asked him to insert the U ton and transfer money, and then asked him to press the "OK" button when he needed to confirm. The "double insurance" failed to work.

　　"We are old, and now there are so many new technologies, what can we do if we don’t learn?" This morning, the words of Aunt Wang, a 67-year-old from Jiabei Community, resonated with many elderly people at the scene. In the eyes of many elderly people, fraud means still stays in telephone fraud, but with the popularity of fast payment, the methods of scammers have now become "increasingly sophisticated".

　　Residents of Yichuan Road Street have asked questions to telecom workers.　　

　　For fear of being cheated, many old people went to the other extreme and said "no" to all quick payments. Aunt Xu of Yichuan Road Street said that there is no other means of payment except the WeChat red envelope of up to 200 yuan in her mobile phone. Aunt Jin never used her mobile phone to pay and never dared to scan the QR code.

　　"Look at this QR code, even if it is posted at the door of the community cultural activity center, I dare not scan it. Who knows that what is scanned is not credible, is it put by a liar?" Aunt Jin pointed to the QR code on the side and said.

　　Multi-departments go into the community to answer residents’ questions

　　But even if it is as cautious as Aunt Jin, it seems inevitable that the trend of online shopping and mobile payment is now. "I went to the hospital two days ago to get medicine. When I saw some people scanning with their mobile phones, it was much faster to register and get medicine than to stand in line there." Aunt Jin told reporters that she planned to let her son teach herself after going back. "The most important thing is to know which QR codes can be scanned and which ones can’t."

　　"This is the reason why cyber security propaganda should enter the community." Luo Xin, a policeman from the Netan detachment of Jiading Public Security Bureau, said that most of the people who consulted him this morning were elderly people, most of whom were concerned about the security of online payment and personal information.

　　Luo Xin, a policeman from Netan Detachment of Jiading Public Security Bureau, is patiently answering questions for residents.　　

　　In order to help community residents improve their knowledge of network security, telecommunications, banking, public security and other relevant departments went into the community to answer residents’ questions face to face. At the same time, two booklets, "Pay attention to information security and enjoy smart life" and "Handbook of Financial Network Security Knowledge", were distributed to residents on the spot, with pictures and texts, which vividly answered the knowledge of how to identify fraudulent short messages and prevent counterfeit websites.

　　"Propaganda should also talk about strategy. The effect of special professional knowledge entering the community may not be good, but some wonderful stories are more popular with everyone." According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Network Information Office, during this year’s "Cyber Security into Communities and Business Circle" activities, various communities have carried out various publicity activities in light of their own realities.

　　This morning, Jiabei Community invited Huang Zhenliang, the story king of China, to walk into the community and tell a story about network security. Students from Tongchuan Primary School in Putuo District came to Yichuan Road Street Community Cultural Activity Center and performed a lively sitcom "Small Equipment, Great Security" to spread to the audience how to protect themselves in the online world.

　　Young people will also be deceived.

　　"We all think that the elderly are easy to be fooled. They are young people, Internet aborigines, and scammers can’t cheat, right?"

　　This afternoon, in Xujiahui hang lung plaza, the publicity activity of network security entering the business circle attracted many young people passing by. The policeman from the Netan detachment of Xuhui Public Security Bureau said, "This is like driving. Drivers who feel that they are experienced and skilled, so they despise traffic rules, are most prone to accidents."

　　On the night of August 28th this year in Chinese Valentine’s Day, a young woman, Liu, who lives alone, suffered a phone fraud. After the police monitored and reminded her through the anti-fraud center, she lied that she was on the phone with her "boyfriend" according to the liar’s instructions. Finally, the police and neighborhood cadres had to find a locksmith to open the door and take him to the police station. After some hard persuasion, Liu finally realized that he had encountered telephone fraud.

　　"In fact, the current means of fraud can’t be prevented. For example, before criminals posted the QR code of fraud on the QR code of bike-sharing, you might be fooled when you scan the code." The police said that even young people need to improve their safety knowledge and awareness of prevention.　　

　　At the scene, Xuhui Public Security Bureau also organized a question-and-answer activity on cyber security knowledge, and those who answered correctly could get a small gift. "Don’t think these questions are simple. Do you know which is the first incident in the world that paralyzed physical nuclear facilities through cyber attacks? Do you know the difference between Https protocol and Http protocol? "

　　Editor-in-Chief: Wang Xianle Photo Editor: Su Wei