Xinhua News Agency, Kunming, November 19th (Reporter Lin Bifeng, Ceng Wei) The China Seismological Network officially determined that at 1: 27 on November 19th, an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 occurred in Honghe County, Yunnan Province, with a focal depth of 8 kilometers. According to the Propaganda Department of Honghe County Committee, when the earthquake felt strong, no reports of casualties have been received yet, and all towns and villages and fire rescue departments are organizing disaster investigation.

　　According to the person in charge of the Propaganda Department of Honghe County Committee, Honghe County has a strong sense of earthquake. At present, no casualties have been received. All towns and villages are organizing disaster investigation, and local fire rescue departments have rushed to the epicenter area to organize disaster investigation.

　　The reporter learned from the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province that the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province is urgently organizing consultation and judgment to further collect the disaster situation. According to China Seismological Network, the focal depth of the earthquake is 8 kilometers, the epicenter is located at 23.37 degrees north latitude and 102.26 degrees east longitude, and the epicenter is 16 kilometers away from Honghe County and 192 kilometers away from Kunming City.

Editor’s note: There is only one flight between civilization and virus. A dangerous virus from the tropical rain forest can fly to any city on earth within 24 hours. Air routes connect all cities in the world to form a network. Ebola has entered the network and started to travel around the world. This article is taken from Blood Epidemic and serialized in three times.　 　 　　

January 15th, 1980

Nurses and paramedics came running with a gurney, lifted Charles Monet onto the gurney and pushed him into the intensive care unit of Nairobi Hospital. The announcement of calling the doctor sounded on the radio: there was a patient bleeding in ICU. A young doctor named Shem Musoke rushed to the scene. Dr. Musoke is recognized as the best physician in the hospital. He is energetic, enthusiastic and humorous. He often works for many hours in succession and has a good intuition about emergency treatment. He saw Monet lying on the gurney. He didn’t know what happened to the man, only that the patient was obviously bleeding heavily. There is no time to study the cause of bleeding. The patient has difficulty breathing-then stops: blood is inhaled into the lungs, causing respiratory arrest.

Dr Musoke felt his pulse: the heartbeat was weak and weak. The nurse ran to get a laryngoscope, which is a catheter that can be used to clear the patient’s trachea. Dr. Musoke tore off Monet’s shirt and observed the ups and downs of his chest. He stood at the top of the gurney, bent over Monet’s face and looked Monet’s eyes upside down.

Monet’s red eyes looked at Dr. Musoke, but his eyes were still and his pupils were dilated. Brain injury: loss of consciousness. His nose and mouth are covered with blood. Dr. Musoke lifted the patient’s head backward, opened the tracheal opening, and inserted the laryngoscope. He didn’t wear rubber gloves. He swept his finger around the patient’s tongue to clean up dead cells, mucus and blood. Slippery black blood clots stained his hands. The patient smelled of vomit and blood, but it was not unusual for Dr. Musoke, who concentrated on his work. He lowered his head, and his face was only a few inches away from Monet’s face. He looked into Monet’s mouth to locate the laryngoscope. The laryngoscope slid over Monet’s tongue. He pushed it open and looked at the trachea at the back of epiglottis. This black hole leads to the lungs. He inserted the laryngoscope into the hole and looked close to the eyepiece. Monet suddenly shook and lifted his body.

Monet vomited again.

Black vomit poured through the laryngoscope and gushed out of Monet’s mouth. Black and red liquid splashed into the air and fell on Dr. Musoke. The liquid got into his eyes and spilled on the white uniform and his chest, leaving several red mucus mixed with black patches. The liquid fell into his mouth.

The doctor straightened the patient’s head and cleaned the blood in his mouth with his fingers. Blood stained the doctor’s hands, wrists and forearms. Blood stains are everywhere: on the gurney, on the doctor’s body and on the ground. The nurses in the intensive care unit couldn’t believe their eyes. Dr Musoke looked down the trachea and inserted the laryngoscope deeper into the lungs. He saw bleeding in the trachea.

It seems that the patient went into shock due to blood loss. He lost so much blood that he began to dehydrate. Blood gushed out from every hole in the body. The blood left in the body is not enough to maintain circulation, so the heartbeat is so weak and the blood pressure is almost dropped to zero. He needs a blood transfusion.

The nurse brought a bag of whole blood. Dr Musoke hung the blood bag on the drip stand, picked up the needle and inserted it into the patient’s arm. There seems to be something wrong with the patient’s blood vessels; Blood poured out around the needle. Dr Musoke tried again, inserting the needle into another position of the patient’s arm and sticking it into the blood vessel. Failure. Still bleeding like a spring. No matter where he sticks the needle into the patient’s arm, the blood vessels will burst like cooked macaroni and blood will gush out; Blood emerges from the pinhole in the patient’s arm and cannot be coagulated. There is obviously something wrong with his blood. Dr. Musoke gave up the idea of blood transfusion because he was afraid that the patient would bleed to death because of the pinhole in his arm. The patient’s internal organs are still bleeding and black as asphalt.

Monet fell into a deeper coma and never regained consciousness. The next morning, he died in the intensive care unit. Dr. Musoke is always at the bedside.

Nobody knows what killed him. Cause of death is unknown. The doctor dissected the body and found that the kidney had been damaged, as had the liver. The liver is yellow and even liquefied in some places-just like the liver of a dead body; As if Monet had turned into a corpse before he died. Mucosal decay, that is, the shedding of intestinal wall tissue, is also common in Fang Chen’s corpse a few days later. What was the cause of death? I can’t say clearly, because there are too many possibilities. Everything in the patient’s body is not right, it is really "everything", and any one of them is fatal: blood clot, massive internal bleeding, liver turning into paste, intestines filled with blood. No words, classifications or even words can describe what happened to him. Doctors finally called it "explosive liver failure". His body was put into a waterproof bag-according to a client’s description, it was buried locally. Many years later, when I visited Nairobi, no one remembered where the grave was.

January 24th, 1980

The patient’s vomit splashed into Dr. Shem Musoke’s eyes and mouth. After nine days, his back gradually felt sore. He doesn’t know much about back pain-to be honest, he has never experienced severe back pain-but after all, he is nearly 30 years old and feels that he is approaching the age of low back injury. He has worked very hard in the past few weeks. First, he stayed with a patient with heart problems all night, and the next day he stayed with a bleeding patient from somewhere inland for nearly one night. So he didn’t sleep for several days. He didn’t take vomiting to heart, and the pain gradually spread all over his body, but he still didn’t think much. Then, when he looked in the mirror, he found his eyes turned red.

Eyeball turns red: he suspects that he is infected with malaria. At this time, he began to have a fever, so he must be infected with something. The back pain continues to spread, and the muscles all over the body ache badly. He took antimalarial drugs, but it was useless, so he asked the nurse to inject him with antimalarial drugs.

The nurse gave him an intramuscular injection in his arm. The pain of acupuncture is extremely severe. He has never felt such terrible pain because of a mere needle; This situation is abnormal and deserves attention. He began to wonder why an ordinary injection could bring that level of pain. Next, his abdomen began to ache. He suspected that he was infected with typhoid fever, so he took a course of antibiotics, but his condition did not ease. On the other hand, patients need him, so he is still busy in the hospital. The pain in the stomach and muscles became more and more unbearable, and he began to have jaundice.

The pain made him unable to treat himself, and his work had to be put down temporarily. He went to see Antonia Bagshaw, a physician in Nairobi Hospital. She finished the examination for him and confirmed fever, red eyes, jaundice and abdominal pain, but she couldn’t get a clear conclusion, only suspected that he had gallstones or liver abscess. Acute attack of gallstones or liver abscess can cause fever, jaundice and abdominal pain (but it can’t explain the redness of the eyeball). The doctor gave his liver an ultrasound examination. It can be seen from the imaging that the liver is a little swollen, but there is nothing unusual other than that. At this time, Musoke was seriously ill. The doctor put him in a private ward, and the nurses took turns to look after him 24 hours a day. His face became expressionless.

Acute attack of gallstones can be fatal. Dr. Bagshaw suggested an exploratory operation on Dr. Musoke. A team of surgeons led by Dr. imre loffler opened his body in the main operating room of Nairobi Hospital. The incision was located above the liver, and the doctor pulled open the abdominal muscles. The strange sight seen in Musoke was shocking, and no one could explain it: the liver was swollen and red, showing pathological symptoms, but the doctor could not find the symptoms of gallstones. On the other hand, he was bleeding. Surgery will definitely cut off blood vessels, and the cut blood vessels will bleed for a while and then coagulate; If the bleeding does not stop, the doctor will use a gelatin sponge to stop the bleeding. Musoke’s blood vessels kept bleeding: his blood couldn’t clot, as if he had hemophilia. The doctor put a gelatin sponge on his whole liver, but the blood continued to ooze. The doctor had to suck a lot of blood from the incision, but after cleaning it up, the blood would fill the incision again. Just like digging a hole under the waterline, the speed of water accumulation is as fast as drainage. A surgeon later told others that the surgical team was "soaked in blood". They cut a small piece from the liver for biopsy, soaked the tissue in a fixed solution, and sewed up the incision as quickly as possible.

After the operation, his condition deteriorated rapidly and his kidneys began to fail. He seems to be dying. His doctor Antonia Bagshaw happened to be going abroad, and a doctor named David Silverstein took over. Dr. Musoke may suffer from renal failure, and he can only live on dialysis, which gives the hospital an unusual color: colleagues love him very much and absolutely don’t want to lose this partner. Silverstein suspected that Dr. Musoke was infected with some rare virus. He collected blood samples from patients and extracted serum. Serum is a transparent golden yellow liquid, which can be obtained by removing red blood cells from blood. He submitted several test tubes of frozen serum to major laboratories for testing, including the National Institute of Virology in Sandringham, South Africa, and the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He began to wait for the result.

This article is excerpted from "Blood Epidemic" by [America] Richard Preston, published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House, translated by Yao Xianghui, published in March, 2016.

　

Released today"model of the times"figure

It’s kind of cool.

He not only likes reading martial arts novels.

I also practiced iron sand palm.

Not only playing the violin,

He is also a "romantic expert" who has spoiled his wife for more than 30 years.

He is.Wanbuyan

Not only is the name like "Wulin Master"

True identity is in the field of seabed exploration.

Top player!

We all know

The ocean is rich in resources.

As early as the 1980s.

When developed countries have "raced around" on the high seas,

However, China is backward in marine technology

Can only look at the ocean and sigh

In 2003, Chinese developed it himself.

The first deep-sea shallow formation core sampling drilling rig

Turned out

It not only completely broke the seabed geological exploration drilling rig

The history of monopoly by developed countries

More creative and refreshing

The drilling depth in the world has laid the foundation.

It has realized China’s exploration in the field of seabed.

Major technological breakthrough

Many people can’t believe it.

Ordinary as you and me.

Like singing, walking and watching the stars.

It turned out to be the one who drilled in the deep sea of more than 2,000 meters.

The "peerless master" who took out the seabed core — —

Chief scientist of China Manatee Project.

01

1964

Wan Buyan was born in the countryside of Huarong County, Hunan Province.

Because grandpa is a revolutionary martyr.

Even in the years when food is scarce and life is difficult.

Wanjia receives a gift from the state every year.

Relief grain for 600 Jin of millet

At that time, Wan Buyan, who was still young.

I don’t understand that grandpa can put it into life

What exactly are ideals and beliefs?

But this 600-pound relief food is actually real.

Give him a man who can fill his stomach,

A childhood that can fully release one’s nature

Wan Buyan’s mischievousness is famous in the village.

Go down the river, climb trees and dig out bird’s nests.

His intelligence and practical ability are strong.

Is to let the adults cooing:

Homemade slingshots, small pistols

Even use the village scrapped.

Telephone and flashlight bulbs

Set up a small lighting grid.

I once went to the supply and marketing cooperative with my mother.

See the Xinhua Dictionary in the window.

He just lay on the ground and rolled around and insisted on buying it back.

This Xinhua Dictionary is like a fan.

The gateway to a new world

Let him fall in love with reading and astronomy.

Thinking about things that can fly to the sky all day.

In 1978, Wan Buyan, who just turned 14.

With excellent results

Entered the Geology Department of Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

Prospecting engineering specialty

In 1985, Wan Buyan graduated from graduate school.

I heard Changsha Mining Research Institute.

To set up the first marine mining laboratory in China

And go to the bottom of the sea to mine

At the age of 21, he was the first to sign up.

that’s it

Wan Buyan who failed to "take the moon for nine days"

With the opportunity of "going to the five oceans to catch turtles"

And this is more than 30 years!

02

In 1992, Wan Buyan

Invited to Japan to carry out marine technology cooperation research.

Facing the situation of being far behind others.

Japanese personnel often mercilessly.

Expressing disapproval of Chinese

My heart is like an inflammation with a thorn.

Study hard with all one’s strength

A year later.

He was not only highly praised by the Japanese side.

But also received it.

A high-paying invitation of $2,500 a month

Faced with wages nearly 100 times higher than those in China.

Wan Buyan is very proud inside.

This proves the ability of China technicians.

Not worse than foreigners at all.

But his choice to return to China is even more firm:

The progress of science and technology, the strength of the country

It is inseparable from everyone’s efforts and struggles.

In 1998, 34-year-old Wan Buyan

Finally boarded the ocean research ship for the first time.

However, what I saw on the boat

It stung him deeply again — —

"All instruments and equipment,

Even a small steel pipe for this sample.

They are all imported. "

What makes him even more distressed is that

It costs hundreds of thousands of yuan for a scientific research ship to run at sea for one day.

Can work at sea for several months.

None of the samples were successfully obtained.

At that time, China has been from the International Seabed Authority.

Applied for an area in the Pacific Ocean.

If the information cannot be submitted within the time limit

You lose priority.

Facing the needs of the country and the unwillingness of others

Wan Buyan made up his mind:

We must develop our own in five years.

Deep sea drilling equipment

At that time, many experts thought that

China can take the "foreign road" step by step.

It’s already very good

Wan Buyan put forward:

If you want to do it, do the best!

In the face of foreign technology blockade

Wan Buyan bites his teeth.

Take the team to tackle technical problems one by one.

April 2003

Wan Buyan finally led the team to create

Chinese’s own.

Deep-sea shallow formation core sampling drilling rig

On the day of the sea trial, he personally operated the drilling rig.

Almost hold your breath.

Put the rig on the seabed bit by bit.

The process of tripping in lasted for half an hour.

Everyone stared nervously at the data in the control room.

Although only 0.7 meters.

But this isChinese’s own deep-sea drilling rig

The first hole in the Pacific Ocean!

At that moment, everyone hugged and cried and laughed.

Wan Buyan, who seldom drinks alcohol at ordinary times.

Drunk as a fiddle

For this moment

For the 0.7 meters drilled under the sea floor

He struggled for 18 years.

Start from scratch again and again

Return to zero and restart again and again

Finally at the bottom of the dark sea

Out of a

China road that no one has ever taken.

03

From the seabed surface to a depth of several hundred meters.

There is a kind of strategic significance in it.

Future energy — — combustible ice

however

The storage conditions of combustible ice are extremely harsh.

At that time, because there was no relevant technology.

China can only rent foreign drilling ships.

Not only is it expensive to go to sea

It also faces the distribution of combustible ice reserves in China’s high seas.

The huge risk first mastered by foreign countries

"The resources of our country,

But I don’t have my own technology to mine! "

In order to get rid of the dilemma as soon as possible

Wan Buyan made another bold decision:

If you want to do it, make it represent the wisdom of China.

Equipment that can really lead the world!

In order to explore a set of innovative paths

Wan Buyan is holding a malicious strength.

In the factory with team members

Control every detail to the extreme

Test over and over again

For six years.

He led the team to try hundreds of methods.

26 materials have been tested.

Five iterative upgrades have been made.

Finally created one for the deep sea of China.

An unparalleled "underwater beast" — —

7.6 meters high, 10 meters around the waist and weighing 12 tons

"Manatee II"

March 2021

Wan Buyan took his "Manatee II"

Send a gauntlet to the 2000-meter deep sea

As long as this manatee can show its great power at the bottom of the sea.

Deep-sea exploration in China can really be technically

Leading the world and overtaking in corners

However, just as the test went smoothly.

Suddenly there was a loud noise at sea — —

The reducer of marine winch was seriously damaged.

At this point, "Manatee II"

Suspended in the deep sea of nearly 1000 meters

Can’t put it away, can’t put it down.

Seeing that 48 hours later,

A strong typhoon is about to pass

If the winch can’t be repaired in time

You have to cut the cable.

Had to spend years researching and developing,

The manatee II, worth tens of millions of yuan, was buried at the bottom of the sea.

Watch the time pass by.

Everyone tried every means to declare failure.

There is only silence on the whole scientific research ship.

At this time, the distance from the typhoon arrived.

There are less than 30 hours left.

When everyone is ready to give up.

Wan Buyan walked out of the room with a drawn drawing.

Say to everyone:

We can temporarily build a hydraulic system.

Wan Bu Yan stood on the deck.

Facing the strong wind, personally direct the operation.

Finally, from the arrival of the typhoon

In less than two hours.

The manatee beast was finally successfully recovered.

April 7, 2021

Wan Buyan took "Manatee II"

Challenge the 2000-meter deep sea again.

With everyone watching.

"Manatee II" slowly entered the sea and did not enter the deep blue.

Two and a half hours later

It reached the bottom of the sea at a depth of 2060 meters.

"1m, 60m, 100m … …”

Wan Buyan concentrated on controlling the drilling rig.

Drill down deeply

For more than 20 hours

Wan Buyan, 57, hardly slept a wink.

When the depth of the drill bit reaches 228m and 229m … …

When it finally stays at 231 meters.

Wan Buyan couldn’t help blushing.

From 0.7 meters to 231 meters

From pushing open a crack in the deep sea

To open the deep sea door

From looking back to achieving technological transcendence

This 231 meters, Wan Buyan walked for more than 20 years.

It is also at this moment.

He finally pulled it out

Technological backwardness is a thorn deeply rooted in my heart for many years.

Others did it.

We can do it, too

What others haven’t done yet

We may do it before others!

04

All kinds of inflammation in life

Is a very romantic person.

Play a song "The Moon Represents My Heart"

Violin

It was his deepest confession to his wife.

Singing is his lifelong hobby.

Not only is karaoke installed at home.

Even the theory of music has been studied clearly by him.

When not busy

Take a walk and play table tennis with your wife.

Look at the stars in front of the telescope

It is the moment when he enjoys life the most.

Even with students.

In the days of offshore exploration

He often takes everyone with him.

Look up at the stars together

Immersed in the stars all over the sky together

And the depth of the sea

Whenever this time

He always can’t help but sigh:

One’s whole life

In fact, it is the moment when the stars blink.

Our eyes are on the sea of stars.

But every step we take

Be sure to keep your feet on the ground

Wan Buyan, who is 59 years old this year.

Although it is already gray at the temples.

The light in the eyes is brighter and firmer.

"Towards a deep blue ocean dream.

Is my Chinese dream.

The more difficult it is,

The more excited I am, the more I want to challenge it.

Every successful research and development has made me feel particularly fulfilled.

That kind of happiness and joy

Just like when I was a kid "

Speaking of dreams

Wan Buyan seems to have changed back to that.

Holding a copy of Xinhua Dictionary.

With dreams and curiosity

A teenager who longs for heaven and sea.

Yes, when you choose to go forward.

Dreams will eventually take you far away.

Love will definitely light up the future!

As Wan Buyan often says:

"Down-to-earth, look up at the stars!"

We in Chinese are capable and wise.

Can be a treasure house of knowledge for all mankind

Contribute our share of China’s strength!

At nine o’clock tonight

Pay attention together

CCTV-1 "Time Model Publishing Hall"

　　Cctv network eliminationInterest: Why are the cases of minors being violated increasing year by year? Recently, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate released several sets of data concerning the violation of minors. Taking the crime of child molestation as an example, it has been on the rise in the past five years.

　　With the approach of June 1st, in the past two days, judicial organs all over the country are doing the same thing: introducing to the public the work they have done in cracking down on crimes against minors in the past year through various means. For example, the Guangdong Provincial Procuratorate has specially published a white paper, while the Hangzhou Procuratorate has reported the current situation and trend of minors’ infringement in recent years through a press conference. The Beijing Higher People’s Court released relevant data specifically for cases of sexual assault on minors.

　　On the 29th, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate also held a press conference to inform that since 2017, procuratorial organs have punished crimes against minors and strengthened judicial protection of minors.

　　Groups of data released by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate reflect the grim situation of the protection of minors in China. Take the crime of child molestation as an example. In the past five years, criminal cases have been on the rise. From the point of view of crime types, sexual assault and injury cases account for a relatively large proportion in the cases of public prosecution; Among the crimes committed by adults against minors, rape, child molestation, forced molestation, organizing prostitution and other sexual assault cases are frequent.

　　In addition to the increasing number of crimes prosecuted, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate also emphasized another reality at the press conference on the 29th, that is, in addition to these data, there are actually a large number of juvenile crimes that have not been discovered.

　　The press conference of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate informed the public with detailed data that the protection of minors in China is facing great challenges at present.

　　To put it simply, there are two factors. The first aspect is the form of protection for minors, which is indeed more severe than before, that is, cases of infringement of minors’ rights and interests do occur more than they should have. There are various factors of social change, such as population mobility, which makes left-behind children vulnerable when their parents are not around, including some children who go to the city with their parents, and the children of these migrants are sometimes vulnerable. In addition, the Internet has also brought great influence, that is, the pornography, violence and other factors of the Internet make children hurt more and more easily to some extent. In other words, it is a fact that the situation of protecting minors is more severe. On the other hand, from the perspective of the judiciary, it has also paid more attention to the protection of minors and intensified the crackdown on similar crimes. Therefore, we have seen an increase in such cases.

　　At the meeting of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, a problem was raised, that is, when handling cases of crimes against minors, this case is more difficult than other cases, which is difficult to find, verify and accuse. This is an objective reality, that is, the cases of sexual abuse of minors are recognized as the largest category in the world. From the perspective of our country, some cases of sexual abuse of minors, for example, are influenced by traditional concepts, fearing that your reputation will be affected, parents and children will not report the case. In addition, even if you report the case, considering that there is no evidence, for example, the public security organs are not willing to establish a criminal case at the beginning, so it is difficult to file a case.

　　With the change of the whole society, the cases that may be infringed upon by minors are gradually showing an upward trend.

　　13-year-old Fenfen was taken to the hotel by 29-year-old Li to have sex. Afterwards, Fenfen reported that she was raped. However, after investigation by the local police, she decided not to file a case.

　　According to police investigations, Li did not know and both parties were voluntary. However, the decision not to file a case has caused constant doubts from public opinion. Twenty-seven days after the notice of not filing the case was issued, the Anhua County Public Security Bureau of Hunan Province announced that it would cancel the previous decision and said that it would continue to investigate the case.

　　A case involving minors reflects the differences in understanding between some grass-roots judicial organs in judging the infringement of minors.

　　In addition to the differences in judicial ideas in practice, there are also differences in system exploration in some places in the face of increasingly severe protection of minors.

　　On April 27th this year, the Xiaoshan District Procuratorate of Hangzhou, together with Xiaoshan District Public Security Bureau, Dajiangdong Public Security Bureau, Xiaoshan District Health Planning Bureau and Dajiangdong Social Development Bureau, jointly issued the Opinions on Establishing a Compulsory Reporting System for Infringement on Minors, clearly requiring medical institutions to report cases of abnormal injuries and deaths found in the course of medical treatment in a timely manner, which is regarded by public opinion as the first "compulsory reporting system" in China.

　　In fact, as early as 2014, there were media reports that some places began to explore the establishment of a "mandatory reporting" system for juvenile infringement cases, but by 2018, only Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou became the first place to implement the system.

　　Last year, the Minhang District Procuratorate of Shanghai took the lead in issuing regulations to restrict those who have committed crimes involving sexual assault, such as rape and indecency, from working in close contact with minors. Their approach is to establish a "database of criminals involved in sexual assault". Subsequently, nine units in Huaiyin District, Huai ‘an City, Jiangsu Province, also issued the System on Prohibition of Employment and Information Disclosure of Juvenile Offenders.

　　To protect minors, some places have made active explorations in the system, and this exploration has also won the appreciation of public opinion. What we need more is that this positive system promotion can be carried out in more and more places.

　　CCTV News:Previously, some people reported that there were some problems such as "separation of nationality" and "immigration for the college entrance examination" among the students of Grade Three in fuyuan school. Shenzhen authorities recently confirmed that among the top 100 students in the "Second Model" exam in fuyuan school, more than 10 students were transferred from Hebei Hengshui No.1 Middle School. The Guangdong Provincial Department of Education responded that if the "college entrance examination immigration" situation is true, students will be sent back to their places of origin.

　　If it is true, it will be sent back to the country of origin or the college entrance examination results will be cancelled.

　　Jing Lihu, Director of Education Department of Guangdong Province: "We are currently in the investigation stage of the whole province, and the next step is to reasonably and steadily clear these students and let them return to their hometown college entrance examination. If after the college entrance examination, it is found that there are still college entrance examination immigrants taking the college entrance examination in our province, we will cancel the results of these students. If it is verified that the school is deliberately engaged in college entrance examination immigration, we can reduce the enrollment plans of these schools and even revoke their school licenses. "

　　The so-called college entrance examination immigration refers to that some candidates use improper means and channels to move to provinces with low admission scores and high admission rates in order to achieve the purpose of going to universities or good universities. "College entrance examination immigrants" will crowd out the normal college entrance opportunities of candidates through improper means and harm the interests of the majority of candidates.

　　Managing "College Entrance Examination Immigrants" and Comprehensively Investigating Transfer Students

　　In order to put an end to the phenomenon of "college entrance examination immigrants", the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education recently issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Governing "college entrance examination immigrants", requiring all localities to set up a special action working group on "college entrance examination immigrants" to carry out special actions to control "college entrance examination immigrants", and conduct a comprehensive investigation on the transfer conditions of students transferred from other provinces to ordinary high schools in Guangdong Province before May 10, focusing on whether their school status and household registration transfer are legal and compliant.

Last night, I was lying in bed, swiping the screen to complete the last purchase of the Double Eleven, and I was caught off guard by the fans that the draft of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Management Law (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Law") was released.

This morning, many friends of media reporters call me on WeChat and asked me to express my views. I read the draft for comments carefully and gave the following 14 points.

Viewpoint 1: The vaccine law is higher than the vaccine regulations and more comprehensive.

Previously, the most authoritative normative document in the field of vaccines was the State Council Order No.668 promulgated in 2005 and revised in 2016-Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Regulations"). After consulting a senior legal person, I learned that if the vaccine law is formally promulgated, it should be passed by the National People’s Congress and signed and promulgated by president, and its status is higher than the vaccine regulations.

As a practitioner in the field of vaccines, my ass determines my head. I support our country to regulate the production, circulation and vaccination of vaccines with proprietary laws on the basis of the existing drug administration law. This shows that the country attaches great importance to the vaccine as a special drug and public health, and it is a great opportunity for the development of the vaccine field. As a vaccine person, I also feel a great responsibility.

Both the Vaccine Regulations and the Vaccine Law regulate the two fields of vaccine circulation and vaccination. The Vaccine Law also puts forward many new requirements for production enterprises in the second to fourth chapters, and the ninth and tenth chapters also strengthen the definition of supervision and management and legal responsibility.

In the full text of the vaccine law, there is no mention of the relationship with the vaccine regulations. I wonder if it is an omission? According to my understanding, it should be that once the vaccine law is implemented, the vaccine regulations should be abolished.

Viewpoint 2: Vaccines are related to national security.

Article 1 [Legislative Purpose] This Law is formulated to ensure the safety, effectiveness and accessibility of vaccines, standardize vaccination, safeguard and promote public health and safeguard national security.

The first article of the Vaccine Law links vaccines with national security, which is an unprecedented formulation.

In fact, it is not surprising that vaccines mainly prevent infectious diseases.

Like smallpox, a deadly infectious disease of the reaper, it was eliminated by vaccination in the last century. Polio is also a disease that seriously endangers children’s health. At present, it has been eliminated by vaccination against polio in China. The next disease to be eliminated should be measles.

However, there is also an infectious disease that poses a great threat to life-influenza, and its vaccination rate in China is less than 2%. If a mutated influenza virus causes a global epidemic of plague, such vaccination rate can’t stop the pace of death at all. Especially this year, due to various accidents and poor coordination, the supply of influenza vaccine in China has been reduced by more than half compared with the same period of last year.

If an influenza pandemic really occurs this year, the serious shortage of influenza vaccine will lead to the epidemic situation being uncontrollable, and public health and the national economy are likely to be hit hard.

Therefore, linking vaccines with national security is by no means alarmist.

Viewpoint 3: Relevant definitions and terms need to be clarified.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases.

At the beginning of the formulation and revision of the Vaccine Regulations, vaccines were defined as: …… preventive biological products of vaccines. As you can see, there has been a phenomenon of using "vaccine" to explain vaccines, which is really inappropriate.

The definition of vaccine in vaccine law avoids the embarrassment of circular explanation, but this definition is still not perfect.

Are there only vaccines for preventive biological products? Actually, it is not.

China is a big country of hepatitis B. For babies whose mothers are carriers of hepatitis B, our strategy to prevent them from being infected with hepatitis B is to vaccinate them with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin also meets the definition of vaccine in the vaccine law here, but it is not a vaccine.

The essence of vaccine is to make the human body actively produce immunity against diseases, and its purpose is prevention for the time being, and it is likely to include treatment in the future.

Vaccines in the Vaccine Law should refer to vaccines for preventive use, so its definition is suggested to be changed to: …… preventive biological products used for human body to actively generate immunity.

The term [immunization] also appears in the definition of vaccine, and the other parts of the full text use [vaccination], so it is suggested to unify it into a more popular [vaccination]. In the full text, it is also suggested that [immunization program] be changed to [vaccination program] in a unified way.

Viewpoint 4: Vaccine classification should be simple and clear.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] Vaccines are divided into immunization programs and non-immunization programs.

Vaccines are divided into the first category and the second category in the vaccine regulations, and it is necessary to explain to the public what are the first and second categories. The new classification of vaccine law essentially corresponds to the second classification in the vaccine regulations, but it does not reduce the difficulty of understanding. It is necessary to explain what immunization planning is at the end of the full text.

China CDC has a National Immunization Planning Center. If vaccines are divided into immunization vaccines and non-immunization vaccines, then does the National Immunization Planning Center manage non-immunization vaccines?

In fact, whether it is the first type of vaccine/the second type of vaccine, or the immunization program vaccine/the non-immunization program vaccine, the vernacular is free vaccine/self-funded vaccine.

I strongly recommend that vaccine classification return to its essence and use the free vaccine/self-funded vaccine classification that can be seen by the public at a glance. Free vaccines can also be divided into: national free vaccines and local free vaccines (this concept corresponds to the national immunization program vaccine and other immunization programs vaccines in Article 36).

Viewpoint 5: Reward whistleblowers and avoid small evils from forming big evils.

Article 12 [Social Co-governance] Any organization or individual has the right to report illegal acts of vaccines, get information about vaccines from relevant departments according to law, and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

This time, there was a serious violation of regulations in the production process of Changchun Changsheng vaccine. It is said that after an insider reported it, the flight inspection of the relevant state departments finally confirmed the problem. However, its violation has existed for four years, and it has not been discovered during this period.

In my opinion, China should establish a system of rewarding whistleblowers (also called whistleblower system), and use 10% of the fine to reward whistleblowers, and publicize the rewards, but protect their privacy. Only in this way can enterprises be conscientious, abide by all kinds of rules and regulations on thin ice, and avoid doing evil from the source. Or once there is a small evil, it will be reported by insiders to avoid a small evil like Changchun Changsheng to develop a big evil.

Although China’s traditional culture does not encourage reporting, it is through reporting that vicious incidents like Changchun Changsheng were discovered. If there is no reporting system, many corrupt officials and moths will always be at large. In my opinion, as long as it is beneficial to the public interest, the report of corporate evil should be explicitly encouraged by the government, and the way to encourage it is to reward it heavily.

Viewpoint 6: Publicize the details in batches and give full play to the advantages of big data governance (the most important viewpoint of this article).

Twenty-fifth [vaccine batch issuance] batch issuing institutions shall publish the results of vaccine batch issuance in a timely manner for public inquiry.

The publication of batch issuance is very, very, very critical. However, if we only publicize whether the vaccine has been issued in batches, it is a step in the same place and does not jump out of the thinking mode of piecemeal treatment.

In order to ensure the quality of the vaccine and realize the survival of the fittest, I strongly suggest that the detailed test report of the vaccine, that is, the test value of each index (as detailed as the routine blood report), be publicized.

At present, most vaccines in China can be issued in batches. However, the indicators of vaccines issued in batches are also good or bad, some just pass the exam, and some are excellent. Who doesn’t want to get a vaccine with excellent indicators and appropriate prices?

As long as the batch inspection report of each batch of vaccines can be publicized, we can use the big data of thousands of batches of vaccine inspection reports every year to score each vaccine product of each manufacturer based on a scoring system, and the results can be provided to the public through WeChat applet for free inquiry.

When parents take their children to vaccinate, it will be no longer difficult to choose vaccines of various brands. Just take out your mobile phone and check the score calmly, and then make the most rational choice in combination with its price. A vaccine product with no price advantage and the lowest score will only be eliminated if it does not strive to improve the quality and reduce the cost.

People who often fly will use Fei Changzhun’s mobile APP. Among them, there are the punctuality data of major airlines’ flights. If the prices are similar, then passengers will definitely choose to avoid flights with low punctuality, right?

Through thorough data disclosure, we can play the invisible hand of market economy and force vaccine manufacturers to regard vaccine quality as their lifeline. In the past, enterprises passively accepted supervision, but now enterprises actively improve vaccine quality and reduce production costs in order to survive, which naturally improves the overall vaccine quality level in China. The regulatory measures and penalties set in the vaccine law to ensure the quality of vaccines are extremely expensive and the effect is difficult to guarantee. Is it really necessary?

Issuing test reports in public does not need to increase the cost (the data is ready-made), but it can greatly improve the level of social governance and reduce management expenses, and can completely become a model of government governance.

I really can’t think of any reason why the government doesn’t publicize the approval of the test report.

Viewpoint 7: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 39 [Vaccine Supply and Distribution] The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall supply vaccines to provincial disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the provisions of the procurement contract, and shall not supply vaccines to other units or individuals.

The holder of the vaccine marketing license is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the provincial disease prevention and control institutions, which are responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation units. Vaccine marketing license holders and provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, or entrust qualified distribution enterprises to distribute vaccines.

In the vaccine regulations, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines at their own expense to county-level CDC (free vaccines are supplied to provincial CDC); In the vaccine law, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines (including free vaccines and vaccines at their own expense) to provincial CDC.

I support this change, because it can make full use of the existing cold chain storage and distribution resources of provincial CDC and reduce the vaccine distribution cost of production enterprises.

However, a loophole that must be filled is that provincial CDC can not only entrust qualified enterprises to distribute vaccines, but also entrust them to store vaccines. All vaccine storage and distribution services are entrusted to enterprises, which provide one-stop service, which is convenient for supervision and can reduce the government’s investment in cold chain hardware for provincial CDC.

If this loophole is not filled, the provincial CDC will build a huge cold storage to store vaccines, and distribution companies often drive several huge refrigerated trucks to the CDC to extract vaccines, which brings inconvenience to the daily management of the CDC. Shanghai CDC has outsourced all storage and distribution services to qualified enterprises, so it is almost impossible and unnecessary to rebuild the cold storage.

It is mentioned in this clause that the provincial CDC is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation unit. Can the municipal CDC and the county CDC participate in this process? If they can’t participate, the cold chain equipment and managers of these two levels of vaccine storage and distribution will withdraw from the historical stage, which will have a great impact (especially the county-level CDC may have increased the investment in related software and hardware after 2016).

If only the provincial CDC can deliver the vaccine to the inoculation unit, does the provincial CDC have the ability to do it (especially in a vast area)? This must be investigated.

Viewpoint 8: The monitoring of vaccine transportation temperature should be based on science and should not encourage fraud.

Article 42 [Provisions on Vaccine Sales Records] … If the temperature monitoring records of this transportation process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased …

This clause will make the temperature record of vaccine transportation untrue.

It is difficult to avoid the actual vaccine exceeding 8 degrees during transportation. If a temperature record of 10 degrees is monitored, must such a vaccine be rejected? Is it necessary to be so strict?

Scientifically unnecessary. At present, it has been confirmed that the vaccine can tolerate a certain degree of high temperature exposure, which is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. Continuous exposure at 37 degrees for 12 hours will not lead to unqualified quality of any existing vaccine. All vaccines have been tested for thermal stability before going on the market.

Therefore, although it is necessary to monitor the temperature of vaccine storage, transportation and transportation, vaccines should never be rejected because of one or two overtemperatures, which will only lead to a large number of qualified vaccines being scrapped and a tight supply of vaccines; Or it is caused by the falsification of temperature monitoring records, and all parties are tacitly aware.

I suggest that the state collect the data of vaccine thermal stability test from vaccine manufacturers and make it public. If the vaccine is over-temperature during storage and transportation, it can be compared with the published data to determine whether it needs to be rejected or scrapped.

Electronic temperature monitoring data is still important, which can be used to find out the out-of-control links during storage and transportation, and then improve the temperature control of these links, but it should not be used as the final basis for judging whether the vaccine is rejected/scrapped.

In addition to electronic temperature monitoring, there is a more intuitive solution, which is the vaccine temperature label (VVM) highly recommended by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. By sticking VVM on the vaccine package, the high temperature exposure of the vaccine in the whole circulation process can be recorded, and it can be recognized by users with intuitive colors.

In the picture below, the earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia caused the house of vaccination clinic to be damaged, and the vaccine refrigerator or cold storage was cut off for many days. However, because the vaccines are all affixed with VVM, it is judged by naked eyes that the purple depth of the center square of VVM of OPV exceeds the surrounding purple, and the vaccine must be scrapped. Although the VVM of the other five vaccines also changed color, they did not exceed the limit, and these vaccines can be used. BCG (BCG) was scrapped directly because it was not affixed with VVM.

I think that China should actively promote the use of vaccine VVM. At present, the cost of single chip of VVM is around 0.5 yuan, which is unacceptable for some vaccines. However, VVM can be attached to the packaging of vaccines, that is, every 10 vaccines are attached to the packaging box, and the cost of a single vaccine is only 0.05 yuan.

With VVM, it is possible to judge whether it is necessary to reject/scrap vaccines by looking at VVM in the process of vaccine delivery and handover. VVM can filter out most of the occasional temperature exceeding the standard, and electronic temperature monitoring records can present real records, which can promote us to find the weak links of temperature control and improve them.

With VVM, the recipients can also intuitively see the temperature exposure of the vaccine from production to inoculation on themselves, without consulting the complicated electronic temperature monitoring records, so as to make the recipients feel at ease to inoculate the vaccine.

Viewpoint 9: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 43 [Destruction of Expired Vaccines] … Expired vaccines shall be uniformly registered and recovered by county-level disease prevention and control institutions …

For expired vaccines, management should be strengthened. However, the practice of recycling by county-level CDC seems professional, but it is the old road of closed management.

Any inoculation unit must be a medical institution, and medical institutions must implement the Regulations on the Management of Medical Wastes. Compared with various infectious wastes produced in clinic, expired vaccines are safer wastes. Expired vaccines can be treated in time through the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions, and can be recycled by county-level CDC without hoarding.

It is impossible for county-level CDC to recycle expired vaccines in real time, and the expired vaccines of vaccination units must be hoarded for a period of time before being recycled. The possibility of misuse cannot be ruled out by hoarding expired vaccines, so seemingly professional regulations will increase the risk of misuse of expired vaccines.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: Expired vaccines should be handed over to the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions for recycling in time and registered properly.

Viewpoint 10: The situation of vaccination units in the jurisdiction should be dynamically grasped and announced.

Article 48 [Conditions for Inoculation Units]　

It is suggested to add: each province should publicize the list of vaccination units (including unit name, address and contact number) on the website, and update it at least once every quarter.

Viewpoint 11: change the concept, not to complete the work, but to provide services.

Forty-ninth [vaccination responsibility area] vaccination units shall undertake the vaccination work of the national immunization program in the responsible area, and accept the technical guidance of the local disease prevention and control institutions and the supervision of the health administrative department.

The vaccination unit should undertake the vaccination of all vaccines, not just the national immunization program vaccine (that is, the national free vaccine). In addition, we should change our ideas and regard vaccination as a basic public health service for the public, so as to form a sense of serving people, instead of completing a cold job that must be completed by superiors.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: The vaccination unit shall provide vaccination services for the people in its jurisdiction and accept …

Viewpoint 12: It is the most appropriate for maternity hospitals to issue vaccination certificates.

Article 53 [Vaccination Certificate System] The State practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after the child is born, his guardian shall go to the vaccination unit where the child lives to undertake vaccination work to apply for a vaccination certificate for him.

The idea of applying for vaccination certificate after one month is quite outdated. There are several problems in this practice: first, the vaccination record is secondary registration, which is easy to make mistakes. Obstetric institutions are registered on specific documents, which are taken to the inoculation unit in the place of residence by parents and copied on the inoculation certificate; Second, the vaccination certificate is not the original vaccination record, and the legal evidence is not strong enough; Third, it is impossible to play the propaganda role of vaccination certificate.

At present, the hospital delivery rate of children in China is very high, and obstetric institutions are also officially recognized vaccination units. The BCG vaccine and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine vaccinated in obstetric institutions after birth should be registered on the vaccination certificate issued by obstetric institutions.

Shanghai, Hebei, Guangdong and other places have fully realized that maternity institutions have issued vaccination certificates and registered vaccines for newborns. There are a lot of knowledge and instructions on the vaccination certificate in Shanghai, which can be used as publicity materials to provide information for parents, rather than just recording vaccination information.

Viewpoint 13: Children who miss vaccination must be able to attend nursery school.

Article 54 [Inspection of Vaccination Certificate] When children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check the vaccination certificate. If children who have not been vaccinated according to the national immunization plan are found, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in the vaccination unit in time after the children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, unless they cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.

Many professionals and the public mistakenly believe that missed vaccines are not allowed to enter kindergarten. This article emphasizes that missed vaccines should be replanted after entering kindergarten, which is very good, but it is suggested to emphasize that children should not be restricted from entering kindergarten because of missed vaccines.

Viewpoint 14: Respect science and take public health as the first goal.

Article 90 [Punishment for Illegal Inoculation] If the inoculation personnel violate the vaccination norms during the inoculation process, causing serious consequences, the health administrative department at or above the county level shall give a warning or order them to suspend their practice activities for more than six months but less than one year; If the circumstances are serious, his practice certificate shall be revoked; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

The key to this clause is how to define the violation of [vaccination norms].

Vaccination norms include normative documents with different sources and authorities. Take influenza vaccination norms as an example:

Egg allergy is taboo in the instructions of most influenza vaccines, but the latest influenza vaccine guide document of China CDC points out that the 2015 edition of Pharmacopoeia has cancelled the taboo of egg allergy, and foreign studies have also proved that egg allergy is not a contraindication for influenza vaccine inoculation.

In other words, the taboo in the manual is set incorrectly. So, can the vaccination doctor vaccinate people who are allergic to eggs with flu vaccine?

At present, there are a large number of clauses with China characteristics lacking scientific basis in China’s vaccination standards. The general starting point of these clauses is to avoid getting into trouble for yourself, not to put public health first. If such vaccination norms are taken as the basis of punishment, it will lead to the tragedy in Dying to Survive.

Personally, I suggest that this excessively severe penalty be abolished. In reality, if there is a vaccination error or accident, the parties will be punished to some extent, and there is no need to increase the penalty.

Authors: Vaccine and Science, Tao Lina, a vaccine expert, a member of China Medical Media Alliance, and an author of er interesting science in medical education.

Disclaimer: My medical science is used to guide the public to establish a scientific understanding of health and avoid being misled by mistakes and rumors. The contents of popular science are personal opinions, for reference only, and have nothing to do with my employer. If my popular science content is wrong, please leave a message and tell me. I am very willing to verify and correct it. Some pictures are from the Internet. If your copyright is involved, please contact me to delete them.

　　According to Henan Health and Health Commission, April 24th 0-mdash; At 24: 00, there were 5 locally confirmed cases (4 cases in Anyang and 1 case in Zhengzhou) and 18 locally asymptomatic infected persons (10 cases in Anyang, 5 cases in Xinyang, 2 cases in Zhengzhou and 1 case in Shangqiu) in Henan Province, and no locally suspected cases were added. There are no newly imported confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and suspected cases. Two confirmed cases were cured and discharged (1 local case and 1 imported case), and 16 asymptomatic infected patients were released from medical observation (13 local cases and 3 imported cases).

　　From January 21st, 2020 to 24: 00 on April 24th, 2022, a total of 2,883 confirmed cases (2,672 local cases and 211 imported cases) were reported in Henan Province. There are 37 hospitalized cases (35 local cases and 2 imported cases) and 256 asymptomatic infected persons (252 local cases and 4 imported cases) who are still under medical observation. A total of 87,557 close contacts were tracked, and 11,548 close contacts were being observed.

　

　

Hang Zheng Ban Han [2008] No.211

District and county (city) people’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated units:

Developed by the Municipal Price BureauMeasures for further improving the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area"has been approved by the municipal government and is now forwarded to you, please follow the implementation.

General Office of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government　　　　

　

Press release issued on 5 June 2008

　　

On further improving motor vehicles in Hangzhou urban area

Measures for the implementation of parking fee management

(Municipal Price Bureau, May 29th, 2008)

　

In order to further solve the "parking difficulty", strengthen the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area, standardize the charging behavior, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of parking lot operators and vehicle parking people, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the parking industry, according to the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law and other laws and regulations, the following implementation measures are proposed to improve the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area (excluding Xiaoshan and Yuhang District, the same below).:

　　These Measures shall apply to the behavior, supervision and management of motor vehicle parking charges in urban areas.

Two, the term "motor vehicle parking fees" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the behavior of providing parking services for motor vehicles and collecting fees.

Three, the municipal price department is the competent department in charge of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou, responsible for the supervision and management of motor vehicle parking fees. City management department is responsible for the organization and implementation of urban road parking fees. Public security, construction, industry and commerce, finance, taxation and other departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, coordinate the management of motor vehicle parking fees.

Fourth, the pricing form of motor vehicle parking charges.

(1) Parking fees for urban roads and parking fees for internal parking lots of government institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises that are open to the outside world shall be set by the government.

(2) The fees charged by the following parking lots shall be subject to government-guided price management:

1.Fees charged by stations, docks, tourist attractions and other supporting parking lots that lack competition and have monopoly nature;

2.Charges for parking lots at the entrance to the city;

3.Charges for parking the parking lot where traffic accidents are caused and vehicles are forcibly towed away in violation of the law;

4.Charges for parking lots specially built for motor vehicles in residential areas (including commercial and residential buildings, the same below) and motor vehicle parking spaces set on roads in residential areas;

5.Encourage hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, gymnasiums (fields) and other units to open the supporting parking lots free of charge. If it is really necessary to charge, the fees shall be subject to government-guided price management.

(3) The fees charged by professional parking lots and supporting parking lots of hotels (restaurants), shopping malls, entertainment places, office buildings, etc. shall be subject to market-adjusted prices, which shall be determined independently by the operators according to their operating costs and supply and demand. Encourage hotels (restaurants), shopping malls, entertainment venues, office buildings and other supporting parking lots to open free of charge.

Five, motor vehicle parking fees.

(a) the parking contradiction is not prominent, unattended area, the road parking spaces to implement free parking; In areas with large parking demand and attended people, parking fees can be charged according to the management cost. Urban road parking fees are charged in different ways and standards according to different regions and time periods.

Government agencies and institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises should open their internal parking lots to the outside world at the wrong time, and encourage them to waive parking fees; If it is really necessary to charge, it shall be determined according to the management cost, but it shall not be higher than the standard of road parking fees.

(two) the implementation of government guidance price of the parking lot, the parking fee standard floating rate is 0, the floating rate is not limited. On the basis of the government-guided price, the operator puts forward specific charging standards according to factors such as cost, and reports them to the municipal price department for approval.

(three) the parking fee standard of the parking lot with market-adjusted price shall be determined independently by the operator in accordance with the principle of compensating reasonable operating costs and paying taxes according to law.

(4) In order to alleviate the road traffic pressure in the West Lake Scenic Area, self-driving tourists are encouraged to enter the scenic area by transfer, and the tourism distribution center will park the transferred small vehicles free of charge. At the same time, the charging standards for some parking lots and road parking in the scenic spot will be raised during holidays and weekends during the tourist season.

Six, the parking fee charged by the parking lot must meet the conditions:

(1) Where a public parking lot provides parking services for the society and charges fees, its owner or operator shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration, obtain a business license and obtain the parking lot business qualification.

(two) urban road parking spaces need to be determined by the traffic police, urban management and the community through the "three-in-one" working mechanism, and parking spaces can be charged only if they are explicitly paid parking spaces. The charging of urban road parking spaces is delegated to all districts, and the road parking charging service centers established by all districts organize the implementation.

(three) the establishment of road parking spaces and the implementation of parking fees in residential areas shall meet the requirements of planning, fire safety and other aspects, and obtain the consent of the relevant parking management institutions of the district governments and the owners or owners’ committees of residential areas.

(4) If the opening-up institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises charge parking fees for their internal parking lots, their logistics service agencies or newly established corresponding agencies shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration, obtain a business license and obtain parking business qualifications.

Seven, the parking lot operators should bear the responsibilities in the management activities:

(a) operators should be in accordance with the provisions of the implementation of the price tag system, in the parking lot eye-catching position set up a price tag, announced the service content, pricing form, charging standards, charging basis, free parking time, telephone complaints, etc.

(two) the use of motor vehicle parking bills under the unified supervision of the tax department.

(three) responsible for the maintenance, maintenance and updating of the facilities in the venue, and keeping the traffic signs and markings in the venue clear and complete.

(four) to maintain the parking order and driving order of vehicles in the venue.

(five) the issuance of vehicle access time contact list, as the basis for parking charges.

(six) comply with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules on the management of parking lots.

Eight, motor vehicle parking should comply with the provisions of:

(1) Take care of parking facilities.

(two) to accept the command and dispatch of the staff of the parking lot, and to park the vehicles in an orderly manner according to the traffic signs and markings in the parking lot.

(3) Pay parking fees according to regulations.

(4) Abide by the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and rules.

Nine, improve the charge management system, standardize the behavior of motor vehicle parking charges.

(a) the implementation of parking fees audit and filing system.

1.Urban road parking garages that are subject to government pricing and parking lots that are open to the outside world by government agencies and institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises, supporting parking lots that lack competition and have monopoly nature such as stations, docks and tourist attractions that are subject to government guidance prices, parking lots at the entrance of the city, parking lots where vehicles are forcibly towed away due to traffic accidents and violations of the law, and supporting parking lots of hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, gymnasiums (fields) and other units that are subject to charges, parking charging units are being implemented.

2.For parking lots with market-regulated prices, operators should go through the filing formalities with the competent price department of the district where they are located before charging.

(2) Operators of parking lots with market-regulated prices shall follow the principles of fairness, legality and good faith. It is forbidden to collude in price increases, drive up prices, price fraud, price discrimination and other unfair price behaviors.

(III) Urban road parking fees shall be fully used for parking management, maintenance of parking facilities and necessary parking services, and shall not be used for other purposes.

(four) the management unit of motor vehicle parking in residential quarters shall announce the income and expenditure of motor vehicle parking fees at the end of each year and accept the supervision of the owners or the owners’ committee. Parking fees charged by parking spaces in residential areas should be used to improve the residential environment or public facilities after deducting necessary management fees.

(five) the indoor parking garage provides vehicle parking services, and after charging parking fees, no fees such as parking space property management service fees shall be charged.

(six) the following circumstances are free of parking fees:

1.Parking in the free parking spaces on the roads that have been clearly designated.

2.Parking in urban road toll parking spaces and public parking lots (including various supporting parking lots and professional parking lots) for no more than 15 minutes.

3.Parking for no more than 2 hours in road parking spaces in residential areas.

4.Military vehicles (including armed police vehicles), police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles performing tasks.

(seven) traffic accidents, illegal forced to drag away from the scene of the vehicle, should be disposed of according to the principle of nearby parking, the charges according to the standards of vehicle parking lot.

Ten, the price departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and inspection of motor vehicle parking fees in accordance with the law, in violation of the provisions of motor vehicle parking fees, by the price departments in accordance with the relevant provisions. Violation of the management regulations of public security, construction, urban management, industry and commerce, finance, taxation and other departments shall be dealt with according to law by the relevant departments according to their respective responsibilities.

Eleven, this approach since July 1, 2008. Notice of the former general office of the municipal government on Forwarding the Measures for the Implementation of the Municipal Price Bureau on Reforming and Standardizing the Parking Charges for Motor Vehicles in Hangzhou (No.245 [2005] of Hangzhou Zhengban Letter) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　　　　　

　

　

　

Annex 1

　

Parking fee standard for motor vehicles in Hangzhou urban area

　

　

　

Annex 2

　

Motor vehicles with government-guided prices in Hangzhou urban area

Parking charge standard　

　

A lack of competition, monopoly and really need to charge the unit supporting the parking lot, into the city parking lot, parking traffic accidents, illegal forced to drag away from the car parking fee:

　

　

　

Two, the residential area of motor vehicle parking fees:

　

　

　

Annex 3

　

Some parking lots or roads in Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area

Motor vehicle parking fee standard

　

　

　

Image source @ Country Garden official website

oneSales fell sharply, falling out of the TOP10 of the sales list for the first time.

In the situation that the real estate industry has not been fully improved, and the concerns about a number of negative news in the near future, the sales situation of Country Garden is becoming increasingly severe. According to the latest data released by Kerry, from January to March 2024,Country Garden’s full-caliber sales amounted to 17.68 billion yuan, down 79.9% year-on-year, ranking 12th, falling out of the TOP10 list for the first time.In the same period of 2023, the sales amount of Country Garden still ranked third; Compared with the sales situation of the whole industry, the sales amount of the top 100 real estate enterprises in January-March decreased by 47.5% year-on-year.Country Garden’s decline far exceeds the industry’s decline, and the decline of 79.91% is also the largest among TOP50 housing enterprises.

Judging from the monthly sales in March, Country Garden’s sales were 5.51 billion yuan, down 82.67% year-on-year, which was second only to Evergrande’s -83.43%.

Sales and repayment are one of the most important channels for real estate enterprises to expand cash flow. The rapid decline in sales amount has further deteriorated Country Garden’s own "hematopoietic" ability.

Data source: corporate financial report & Kerry, drawn by Titanium Media APP.

Judging from the sales data over the years, since 2016, Country Garden has started to add leverage crazily and become the "king of hoarding land". In 2015, the sales of Country Garden was 140.2 billion yuan, and in 2016, it directly doubled to 308.8 billion yuan. In 2017, it broke through the 500 billion mark and ranked first in the sales list for the first time; It reached its peak in 2020, with sales of 788.8 billion yuan; From 2017 to 2022, it ranked first in the sales list of real estate enterprises in China for six consecutive years. In 2023, the sales amount halved and fell to the sixth place in the sales list.

In the peak period of sales in 2018-2021, the average monthly sales was 61-65 billion yuan, which fell to 38.7 billion yuan and 18.1 billion yuan respectively in 2022-2023. In the first quarter of 2024, this figure has fallen to 5.9 billion yuan.Some organizations have predicted that Country Garden will reach 40 billion yuan in sales every month, so that it can have sufficient ability to repay debt interest. Judging from the current sales data, it is far from enough.

Insiders pointed out that, looking back, Country Garden’s "high leverage and fast turnover" model of rapid expansion depends entirely on the rapid sale of houses. At present, the speed of selling houses has slowed down, which naturally leads to the difficulty in maintaining the capital chain.

Country Garden once bluntly said: "We underestimated the depth, intensity and duration of the market downturn, failed to take more effective measures as early as possible, failed to see that the relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market has undergone major changes, and failed to understand the potential risks such as excessive investment ratio in third-and fourth-tier cities and insufficient debt ratio pressure drop, and failed to resolve them promptly and forcefully."

2, delay the release of financial reports, stock suspension, and hire a risk consulting company to conduct liquidation analysis.

In addition to the pressure of sales, its debt restructuring seems to be facing unprecedented pressure.

On the evening of March 28th, Country Garden did not publish the annual performance and financial report for 2023 as planned, but issued a notice saying that,The publication of 2023 annual results will be delayed, and the board meeting will also be postponed. In addition, the company will suspend trading on the Stock Exchange from 9: 00 on April 2.

Country Garden said in the announcement: "The suspension of trading will not have a substantial impact on the company’s operations. At present, the work of Baojiaolou and overseas debt restructuring are progressing in an orderly manner. "

Image source @ Country Garden Announcement

Country Garden gave two reasons for the delay in publishing the 2023 annual results in the announcement:"First, because the industry continues to fluctuate, the business environment faced by the company is becoming increasingly complex, and the company needs to collect more information to make appropriate accounting estimates and judgments; Second, due diligence related to debt restructuring has a large workload and high complexity, which requires more time to collect financial information. "

In fact, Country Garden suffered a loss for the first time in 2022, with a loss of 6.052 billion yuan. In the first half of 2023, the loss continued to expand, and the net loss to the mother core was about 48.932 billion yuan. Three years later, in 2019, 2020 and 2021, its net profit returned to its mother was as high as 39.55 billion, 35.022 billion and 26.797 billion respectively.

Country Garden’s huge losses are mainly due to asset impairment losses. It is reported that 40.3 billion yuan was accrued in the first half of 2023. The decline in average selling price and slow de-capitalization led to an increase in provision for asset impairment; Judging from the recent sales trend and overall layout of Country Garden, the provision for asset impairment may be intensified.

Compared with the annual report, the market is more concerned about the progress of Country Garden’s debt restructuring and whether it will eventually be liquidated like Evergrande.

On October 10, 2023, Country Garden said that the company had not paid the due amount of HK$ 470 million, which caused a debt default, and announced the official start of overseas debt restructuring. Country Garden also hired China International Finance Hong Kong Securities Co., Ltd. and Hualian Nuoji (China) Co., Ltd. as financial consultants and Shengde Law Firm as legal consultants, and then introduced KPMG as the main financial consultant for overseas debt restructuring in 2024 to jointly formulate an overall plan to comprehensively solve the company’s current overseas debt risks. (Details: Country Garden launches overseas debt restructuring)

Six months have passed, but no substantial progress has been announced in overseas debt restructuring. Therefore, on February 28th this year, the creditor Jian Taoji filed a liquidation petition against Country Garden with the Hong Kong High Court.

In addition to the pressure on overseas debts, there are also problems with domestic debts that have been successfully extended before.On March 12th, the news that Country Garden’s bond’ H1 Bidi 01′ (original name’ 21 Bidi 01′) failed to pay all the interest due became the focus of the market. Country Garden responded that the interest fund of RMB 96 million of "21 Bidi 01" due to the failure of sales recovery and the pressure of fund allocation on March 12 has not been fully paid. (Details: Country Garden debt interest payment enters grace period)

Previously, Country Garden has hired Kroll, an American risk consultancy company, to conduct liquidation analysis before the court hearing in mid-May. Kroll will conduct an independent business review of Country Garden and predict the recovery ratio of creditors in the case of liquidation.

In the "suspension of trading" announcement, Country Garden said: "The company attaches great importance to debt risk resolution. In the past few months, the company has been working with financial consultants and legal consultants to evaluate the Group’s situation and formulate debt restructuring plans to alleviate the current liquidity problem. Country Garden hopes that all stakeholders will maintain their confidence in the company and support the company to continue its efforts to promote the best practical restructuring plan and achieve a long-term and sustainable capital structure. "

threeMany of its companies have been frozen with equity exceeding 10 billion.

Country Garden’s recent pressure goes far beyond this.

According to the eye-catching survey, recently, Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. has added a number of pieces of information about stock right freezing. The enterprises whose shares have been executed include Guangzhou Yuedong Country Garden Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen paladin Phase V Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership), Shenzhen Huixin No.22 Investment Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership), Shenzhen Biji Industrial Development Co., Ltd., etc. The amount of stock right freezing ranges from 39 million yuan to 6.705 billion yuan, and the total stock right freezing exceeds 10 billion yuan.

Image source @ Tianyancha official website

Country Garden responded by saying that due to disputes with the partners in cost calculation and pre-distribution of profits, the partners applied to the court for property preservation. This kind of dispute is a normal commercial dispute, and the court has not yet made a final judgment. The value of the frozen equity is not the same as the subject matter of the dispute. Country Garden is ready to raise an objection to the excessive preservation of the partner.

For Country Garden, the sales rebate is not strong, so we can only rely on new financing to repay the debts due and promote the work of "guaranteeing the delivery of the building".As of March 15th, 272 projects in Country Garden have been included in the "white list" and have received financing support of about 1.732 billion yuan, which can accurately promote the task of "guaranteeing the delivery of buildings". In addition, on March 24th, Country Garden revealed that it plans to introduce Guangdong Zhongwei Investment Control Technology Group Co., Ltd. to develop and build a complex project in White Swan Pond Business District, Liwan District, Guangzhou, and Guangdong Zhongwei will provide 2.8 billion yuan of construction funds after entering the company.

It is worth noting that these can only solve the single project and short-term crisis of Country Garden. In order to solve the liquidity risk, debt restructuring and the recovery of the sales market are very important. (This article first appeared in Titanium Media APP, author | Wang Jian, editor | Liu Yangxue)

For more macro research on dry goods, please pay attention to titanium media international think tank WeChat official account:

The teacher of Fengwafang Primary School reported that the serious pollution problem of the earthworm company next door has not been solved for 8 years, and the children’s physical and mental health has been seriously affected, and they often cough, and many teachers also suffer from bronchitis.

For Fengwafang Primary School in Yunhe Street, Pizhou, a county-level city in Jiangsu Province, and the surrounding residents, the most celebrated thing in these two days is that the "heart disease" that has plagued for eight years has finally been cured.

"Heart disease" comes from a local commercial concrete company called Dilong. According to the national enterprise credit information publicity system, Pizhou Pheretima Commercial Concrete Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Pheretima Company) was established in 2007 with a registered capital of 28 million yuan. However, since its establishment, the company has caused pollution to the surrounding areas, and the surrounding residents have reported it for 8 years, and it has never been fruitful.

At the end of May, Zhou Tiegen, Mayor of Xuzhou, Chen Jing, Mayor of Pizhou, etc. walked into the hotline program of Jiangsu Province, and after supervising this complaint on the spot, the problem was quickly solved.

Enterprise procedures are incomplete, and it is still "standing" after repeated investigations and punishments.

The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter found that there are many posts on the Internet reflecting the environmental pollution problems of the earthworm company.

For example, in May 2015, some netizens broke the news on the local "Pizhou Forum" in Pizhou, which is under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou City, and the earthworm company discharged sewage indiscriminately, seriously polluting the surrounding fields. The town-run Fengwafang Primary School is next door to the Dilong Concrete Factory, which is separated by a wall. There is often a thick layer of dust on the windows in schools. When the vehicle passes by, it is even "only dust but no car". Therefore, the villagers hope that it can move out of densely populated residential areas as soon as possible.

Netizens broke the news, using PH test paper to detect sewage, and the test paper immediately turned black.

Relevant government departments have also noticed the problems of earthworm company.

The Paper reporterAccording to official website of Pizhou Housing and Construction Bureau, in September, 2012, the bureau issued suggestions on the investigation and disposal of the pollution of Fengwafang Primary School in Yunhe Town by earthworm company.

According to the field investigation, the school is separated from the earthworm company only by a wall, and a sewage ditch flows out from the south wall of the earthworm company, extending to the school gate and gradually opening up, with a maximum of nearly two meters, which is discharged in the open air. The sewage is bluish-brown, with thick cement turbidity, about 30 meters in length, and directly discharged into the drainage ditch on the west side.

The disposal suggestion given by the bureau is that the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Yunhe Town Government jointly interview the person in charge of the earthworm company. At the same time, earthworm company is required to standardize the way of wastewater discharge and lay underground drainage pipe network.

According to official website of Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau,In August, 2015, Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau issued a written decision on administrative punishment of earthworm company. According to the decision, the commercial concrete production project and supporting environmental protection facilities of earthworm company "have not been accepted or approved for trial production by the environmental protection department, and the main project has been officially put into production without authorization, and pollutants have not been discharged without a sewage permit".In March 2015, the Environmental Protection Bureau ordered the unit to stop the sewage discharge immediately, but during the on-site inspection in June of the same year, it was found that the sewage discharge had not stopped.

In this regard, Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau once again ordered the earthworm company to stop production immediately, with a total fine of 180,000 yuan.

According to Article 77 of the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Jiangsu Province, if air pollutants are discharged without a pollution discharge permit, "the competent administrative department of environmental protection shall order it to stop pollution discharge or restrict production, stop production and rectify, and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down. " According to the punishment, it can be seen that Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau didn’t recognize the "serious circumstances" of earthworm company.

Despite being punished many times, the pollution problem of earthworm company has not been cured.. This enterprise, which has been incomplete since its establishment, has been reported for 8 years and is still "standing".

The mayor was "ashamed" and earthworm was demolished within a week.

On May 27th, 2016, the political hotline of Jiangsu Province entered Xuzhou, attended by Zhou Tiegen, mayor of Xuzhou, and principals of relevant departments of various districts, counties and cities.

The political hotline of Jiangsu Province is a TV broadcast program led by the Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection and participated by many media. Leading cadres of local or government departments should take the lead in entering radio stations, TV stations and webcasts, actively communicate with the masses, listen to their voices and do things for them.

At the activity site, the teacher of Fengwafang Primary School reported that the serious pollution problem of the earthworm company next door has not been solved for 8 years, the children’s physical and mental health has been seriously affected, they often cough, and many teachers also suffer from bronchitis.The school teacher jointly wrote a letter to report that "the request for closure or relocation was threatened by the earthworm company".

In this regard, Chen Jing, the mayor of Pizhou, said that the fine failed to cure the problem, which showed that there was no linkage awareness among various departments, and it also reflected the drawbacks and shortcomings of administrative law enforcement.

Chen Jing said: "We didn’t pay enough attention to the problem. At that time, everyone thought that we would move in two years and the work would be delayed. I felt very ashamed."

The mayor made a statement and the problem was solved.

Zhang Yun, the propaganda committee member of Canal Sub-district Office where Lumbricus Company is located, told The Paper that by May 30th, all 12 cement tanks of Lumbricus Company had been dismantled, and other plant equipment was also being dismantled. "There is no possibility of resuming work", and Lumbricus Company will find a new site by itself. Zhang Yun said that it is not clear what plans will be made for the demolished land in the future.

Pizhou Municipal Committee set up a joint investigation team to conduct a comprehensive inventory.

In the past eight years, how has the canal street where the enterprise is located handled this problem?

Zhang Yun said that the Canal Sub-district Office is aware of the demands of Fengwafang Primary School and surrounding residents, and has been actively coordinating this, such as reflecting problems to the environmental protection department and urging enterprises to build noise isolation equipment.

How does the EPA look at this matter? Yang Yang, deputy director of Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau in charge of environmental monitoring and letters and visits, told The Paper that he was also "very ashamed". At present, the earthworm company has been dismantled on the spot, and there is no possibility of "resurgence".

Yang Yang doesn’t want to talk about details such as whether the punishment for earthworm company is in place in the past eight years. He said,The Commission for Discipline Inspection of Pizhou City is investigating the Environmental Protection Bureau and has interviewed many business departments.

Yang Yang said that the Environmental Protection Bureau will fully cooperate with the investigation of the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and humbly accept any processing results of the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection.

According to Xinhua Daily,In response to this matter, the Pizhou Municipal Committee has set up a joint working group, and the Supervision Bureau of the Commission for Discipline Inspection has also intervened. It will conduct a comprehensive inventory of the dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty of various competent departments in the past eight years and even issues that may involve violations of the law..