Last night, I was lying in bed, swiping the screen to complete the last purchase of the Double Eleven, and I was caught off guard by the fans that the draft of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Management Law (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Law") was released.

This morning, many friends of media reporters call me on WeChat and asked me to express my views. I read the draft for comments carefully and gave the following 14 points.

Viewpoint 1: The vaccine law is higher than the vaccine regulations and more comprehensive.

Previously, the most authoritative normative document in the field of vaccines was the State Council Order No.668 promulgated in 2005 and revised in 2016-Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Regulations"). After consulting a senior legal person, I learned that if the vaccine law is formally promulgated, it should be passed by the National People’s Congress and signed and promulgated by president, and its status is higher than the vaccine regulations.

As a practitioner in the field of vaccines, my ass determines my head. I support our country to regulate the production, circulation and vaccination of vaccines with proprietary laws on the basis of the existing drug administration law. This shows that the country attaches great importance to the vaccine as a special drug and public health, and it is a great opportunity for the development of the vaccine field. As a vaccine person, I also feel a great responsibility.

Both the Vaccine Regulations and the Vaccine Law regulate the two fields of vaccine circulation and vaccination. The Vaccine Law also puts forward many new requirements for production enterprises in the second to fourth chapters, and the ninth and tenth chapters also strengthen the definition of supervision and management and legal responsibility.

In the full text of the vaccine law, there is no mention of the relationship with the vaccine regulations. I wonder if it is an omission? According to my understanding, it should be that once the vaccine law is implemented, the vaccine regulations should be abolished.

Viewpoint 2: Vaccines are related to national security.

Article 1 [Legislative Purpose] This Law is formulated to ensure the safety, effectiveness and accessibility of vaccines, standardize vaccination, safeguard and promote public health and safeguard national security.

The first article of the Vaccine Law links vaccines with national security, which is an unprecedented formulation.

In fact, it is not surprising that vaccines mainly prevent infectious diseases.

Like smallpox, a deadly infectious disease of the reaper, it was eliminated by vaccination in the last century. Polio is also a disease that seriously endangers children’s health. At present, it has been eliminated by vaccination against polio in China. The next disease to be eliminated should be measles.

However, there is also an infectious disease that poses a great threat to life-influenza, and its vaccination rate in China is less than 2%. If a mutated influenza virus causes a global epidemic of plague, such vaccination rate can’t stop the pace of death at all. Especially this year, due to various accidents and poor coordination, the supply of influenza vaccine in China has been reduced by more than half compared with the same period of last year.

If an influenza pandemic really occurs this year, the serious shortage of influenza vaccine will lead to the epidemic situation being uncontrollable, and public health and the national economy are likely to be hit hard.

Therefore, linking vaccines with national security is by no means alarmist.

Viewpoint 3: Relevant definitions and terms need to be clarified.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases.

At the beginning of the formulation and revision of the Vaccine Regulations, vaccines were defined as: …… preventive biological products of vaccines. As you can see, there has been a phenomenon of using "vaccine" to explain vaccines, which is really inappropriate.

The definition of vaccine in vaccine law avoids the embarrassment of circular explanation, but this definition is still not perfect.

Are there only vaccines for preventive biological products? Actually, it is not.

China is a big country of hepatitis B. For babies whose mothers are carriers of hepatitis B, our strategy to prevent them from being infected with hepatitis B is to vaccinate them with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin also meets the definition of vaccine in the vaccine law here, but it is not a vaccine.

The essence of vaccine is to make the human body actively produce immunity against diseases, and its purpose is prevention for the time being, and it is likely to include treatment in the future.

Vaccines in the Vaccine Law should refer to vaccines for preventive use, so its definition is suggested to be changed to: …… preventive biological products used for human body to actively generate immunity.

The term [immunization] also appears in the definition of vaccine, and the other parts of the full text use [vaccination], so it is suggested to unify it into a more popular [vaccination]. In the full text, it is also suggested that [immunization program] be changed to [vaccination program] in a unified way.

Viewpoint 4: Vaccine classification should be simple and clear.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] Vaccines are divided into immunization programs and non-immunization programs.

Vaccines are divided into the first category and the second category in the vaccine regulations, and it is necessary to explain to the public what are the first and second categories. The new classification of vaccine law essentially corresponds to the second classification in the vaccine regulations, but it does not reduce the difficulty of understanding. It is necessary to explain what immunization planning is at the end of the full text.

China CDC has a National Immunization Planning Center. If vaccines are divided into immunization vaccines and non-immunization vaccines, then does the National Immunization Planning Center manage non-immunization vaccines?

In fact, whether it is the first type of vaccine/the second type of vaccine, or the immunization program vaccine/the non-immunization program vaccine, the vernacular is free vaccine/self-funded vaccine.

I strongly recommend that vaccine classification return to its essence and use the free vaccine/self-funded vaccine classification that can be seen by the public at a glance. Free vaccines can also be divided into: national free vaccines and local free vaccines (this concept corresponds to the national immunization program vaccine and other immunization programs vaccines in Article 36).

Viewpoint 5: Reward whistleblowers and avoid small evils from forming big evils.

Article 12 [Social Co-governance] Any organization or individual has the right to report illegal acts of vaccines, get information about vaccines from relevant departments according to law, and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

This time, there was a serious violation of regulations in the production process of Changchun Changsheng vaccine. It is said that after an insider reported it, the flight inspection of the relevant state departments finally confirmed the problem. However, its violation has existed for four years, and it has not been discovered during this period.

In my opinion, China should establish a system of rewarding whistleblowers (also called whistleblower system), and use 10% of the fine to reward whistleblowers, and publicize the rewards, but protect their privacy. Only in this way can enterprises be conscientious, abide by all kinds of rules and regulations on thin ice, and avoid doing evil from the source. Or once there is a small evil, it will be reported by insiders to avoid a small evil like Changchun Changsheng to develop a big evil.

Although China’s traditional culture does not encourage reporting, it is through reporting that vicious incidents like Changchun Changsheng were discovered. If there is no reporting system, many corrupt officials and moths will always be at large. In my opinion, as long as it is beneficial to the public interest, the report of corporate evil should be explicitly encouraged by the government, and the way to encourage it is to reward it heavily.

Viewpoint 6: Publicize the details in batches and give full play to the advantages of big data governance (the most important viewpoint of this article).

Twenty-fifth [vaccine batch issuance] batch issuing institutions shall publish the results of vaccine batch issuance in a timely manner for public inquiry.

The publication of batch issuance is very, very, very critical. However, if we only publicize whether the vaccine has been issued in batches, it is a step in the same place and does not jump out of the thinking mode of piecemeal treatment.

In order to ensure the quality of the vaccine and realize the survival of the fittest, I strongly suggest that the detailed test report of the vaccine, that is, the test value of each index (as detailed as the routine blood report), be publicized.

At present, most vaccines in China can be issued in batches. However, the indicators of vaccines issued in batches are also good or bad, some just pass the exam, and some are excellent. Who doesn’t want to get a vaccine with excellent indicators and appropriate prices?

As long as the batch inspection report of each batch of vaccines can be publicized, we can use the big data of thousands of batches of vaccine inspection reports every year to score each vaccine product of each manufacturer based on a scoring system, and the results can be provided to the public through WeChat applet for free inquiry.

When parents take their children to vaccinate, it will be no longer difficult to choose vaccines of various brands. Just take out your mobile phone and check the score calmly, and then make the most rational choice in combination with its price. A vaccine product with no price advantage and the lowest score will only be eliminated if it does not strive to improve the quality and reduce the cost.

People who often fly will use Fei Changzhun’s mobile APP. Among them, there are the punctuality data of major airlines’ flights. If the prices are similar, then passengers will definitely choose to avoid flights with low punctuality, right?

Through thorough data disclosure, we can play the invisible hand of market economy and force vaccine manufacturers to regard vaccine quality as their lifeline. In the past, enterprises passively accepted supervision, but now enterprises actively improve vaccine quality and reduce production costs in order to survive, which naturally improves the overall vaccine quality level in China. The regulatory measures and penalties set in the vaccine law to ensure the quality of vaccines are extremely expensive and the effect is difficult to guarantee. Is it really necessary?

Issuing test reports in public does not need to increase the cost (the data is ready-made), but it can greatly improve the level of social governance and reduce management expenses, and can completely become a model of government governance.

I really can’t think of any reason why the government doesn’t publicize the approval of the test report.

Viewpoint 7: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 39 [Vaccine Supply and Distribution] The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall supply vaccines to provincial disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the provisions of the procurement contract, and shall not supply vaccines to other units or individuals.

The holder of the vaccine marketing license is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the provincial disease prevention and control institutions, which are responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation units. Vaccine marketing license holders and provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, or entrust qualified distribution enterprises to distribute vaccines.

In the vaccine regulations, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines at their own expense to county-level CDC (free vaccines are supplied to provincial CDC); In the vaccine law, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines (including free vaccines and vaccines at their own expense) to provincial CDC.

I support this change, because it can make full use of the existing cold chain storage and distribution resources of provincial CDC and reduce the vaccine distribution cost of production enterprises.

However, a loophole that must be filled is that provincial CDC can not only entrust qualified enterprises to distribute vaccines, but also entrust them to store vaccines. All vaccine storage and distribution services are entrusted to enterprises, which provide one-stop service, which is convenient for supervision and can reduce the government’s investment in cold chain hardware for provincial CDC.

If this loophole is not filled, the provincial CDC will build a huge cold storage to store vaccines, and distribution companies often drive several huge refrigerated trucks to the CDC to extract vaccines, which brings inconvenience to the daily management of the CDC. Shanghai CDC has outsourced all storage and distribution services to qualified enterprises, so it is almost impossible and unnecessary to rebuild the cold storage.

It is mentioned in this clause that the provincial CDC is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation unit. Can the municipal CDC and the county CDC participate in this process? If they can’t participate, the cold chain equipment and managers of these two levels of vaccine storage and distribution will withdraw from the historical stage, which will have a great impact (especially the county-level CDC may have increased the investment in related software and hardware after 2016).

If only the provincial CDC can deliver the vaccine to the inoculation unit, does the provincial CDC have the ability to do it (especially in a vast area)? This must be investigated.

Viewpoint 8: The monitoring of vaccine transportation temperature should be based on science and should not encourage fraud.

Article 42 [Provisions on Vaccine Sales Records] … If the temperature monitoring records of this transportation process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased …

This clause will make the temperature record of vaccine transportation untrue.

It is difficult to avoid the actual vaccine exceeding 8 degrees during transportation. If a temperature record of 10 degrees is monitored, must such a vaccine be rejected? Is it necessary to be so strict?

Scientifically unnecessary. At present, it has been confirmed that the vaccine can tolerate a certain degree of high temperature exposure, which is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. Continuous exposure at 37 degrees for 12 hours will not lead to unqualified quality of any existing vaccine. All vaccines have been tested for thermal stability before going on the market.

Therefore, although it is necessary to monitor the temperature of vaccine storage, transportation and transportation, vaccines should never be rejected because of one or two overtemperatures, which will only lead to a large number of qualified vaccines being scrapped and a tight supply of vaccines; Or it is caused by the falsification of temperature monitoring records, and all parties are tacitly aware.

I suggest that the state collect the data of vaccine thermal stability test from vaccine manufacturers and make it public. If the vaccine is over-temperature during storage and transportation, it can be compared with the published data to determine whether it needs to be rejected or scrapped.

Electronic temperature monitoring data is still important, which can be used to find out the out-of-control links during storage and transportation, and then improve the temperature control of these links, but it should not be used as the final basis for judging whether the vaccine is rejected/scrapped.

In addition to electronic temperature monitoring, there is a more intuitive solution, which is the vaccine temperature label (VVM) highly recommended by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. By sticking VVM on the vaccine package, the high temperature exposure of the vaccine in the whole circulation process can be recorded, and it can be recognized by users with intuitive colors.

In the picture below, the earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia caused the house of vaccination clinic to be damaged, and the vaccine refrigerator or cold storage was cut off for many days. However, because the vaccines are all affixed with VVM, it is judged by naked eyes that the purple depth of the center square of VVM of OPV exceeds the surrounding purple, and the vaccine must be scrapped. Although the VVM of the other five vaccines also changed color, they did not exceed the limit, and these vaccines can be used. BCG (BCG) was scrapped directly because it was not affixed with VVM.

I think that China should actively promote the use of vaccine VVM. At present, the cost of single chip of VVM is around 0.5 yuan, which is unacceptable for some vaccines. However, VVM can be attached to the packaging of vaccines, that is, every 10 vaccines are attached to the packaging box, and the cost of a single vaccine is only 0.05 yuan.

With VVM, it is possible to judge whether it is necessary to reject/scrap vaccines by looking at VVM in the process of vaccine delivery and handover. VVM can filter out most of the occasional temperature exceeding the standard, and electronic temperature monitoring records can present real records, which can promote us to find the weak links of temperature control and improve them.

With VVM, the recipients can also intuitively see the temperature exposure of the vaccine from production to inoculation on themselves, without consulting the complicated electronic temperature monitoring records, so as to make the recipients feel at ease to inoculate the vaccine.

Viewpoint 9: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 43 [Destruction of Expired Vaccines] … Expired vaccines shall be uniformly registered and recovered by county-level disease prevention and control institutions …

For expired vaccines, management should be strengthened. However, the practice of recycling by county-level CDC seems professional, but it is the old road of closed management.

Any inoculation unit must be a medical institution, and medical institutions must implement the Regulations on the Management of Medical Wastes. Compared with various infectious wastes produced in clinic, expired vaccines are safer wastes. Expired vaccines can be treated in time through the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions, and can be recycled by county-level CDC without hoarding.

It is impossible for county-level CDC to recycle expired vaccines in real time, and the expired vaccines of vaccination units must be hoarded for a period of time before being recycled. The possibility of misuse cannot be ruled out by hoarding expired vaccines, so seemingly professional regulations will increase the risk of misuse of expired vaccines.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: Expired vaccines should be handed over to the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions for recycling in time and registered properly.

Viewpoint 10: The situation of vaccination units in the jurisdiction should be dynamically grasped and announced.

Article 48 [Conditions for Inoculation Units]　

It is suggested to add: each province should publicize the list of vaccination units (including unit name, address and contact number) on the website, and update it at least once every quarter.

Viewpoint 11: change the concept, not to complete the work, but to provide services.

Forty-ninth [vaccination responsibility area] vaccination units shall undertake the vaccination work of the national immunization program in the responsible area, and accept the technical guidance of the local disease prevention and control institutions and the supervision of the health administrative department.

The vaccination unit should undertake the vaccination of all vaccines, not just the national immunization program vaccine (that is, the national free vaccine). In addition, we should change our ideas and regard vaccination as a basic public health service for the public, so as to form a sense of serving people, instead of completing a cold job that must be completed by superiors.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: The vaccination unit shall provide vaccination services for the people in its jurisdiction and accept …

Viewpoint 12: It is the most appropriate for maternity hospitals to issue vaccination certificates.

Article 53 [Vaccination Certificate System] The State practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after the child is born, his guardian shall go to the vaccination unit where the child lives to undertake vaccination work to apply for a vaccination certificate for him.

The idea of applying for vaccination certificate after one month is quite outdated. There are several problems in this practice: first, the vaccination record is secondary registration, which is easy to make mistakes. Obstetric institutions are registered on specific documents, which are taken to the inoculation unit in the place of residence by parents and copied on the inoculation certificate; Second, the vaccination certificate is not the original vaccination record, and the legal evidence is not strong enough; Third, it is impossible to play the propaganda role of vaccination certificate.

At present, the hospital delivery rate of children in China is very high, and obstetric institutions are also officially recognized vaccination units. The BCG vaccine and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine vaccinated in obstetric institutions after birth should be registered on the vaccination certificate issued by obstetric institutions.

Shanghai, Hebei, Guangdong and other places have fully realized that maternity institutions have issued vaccination certificates and registered vaccines for newborns. There are a lot of knowledge and instructions on the vaccination certificate in Shanghai, which can be used as publicity materials to provide information for parents, rather than just recording vaccination information.

Viewpoint 13: Children who miss vaccination must be able to attend nursery school.

Article 54 [Inspection of Vaccination Certificate] When children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check the vaccination certificate. If children who have not been vaccinated according to the national immunization plan are found, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in the vaccination unit in time after the children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, unless they cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.

Many professionals and the public mistakenly believe that missed vaccines are not allowed to enter kindergarten. This article emphasizes that missed vaccines should be replanted after entering kindergarten, which is very good, but it is suggested to emphasize that children should not be restricted from entering kindergarten because of missed vaccines.

Viewpoint 14: Respect science and take public health as the first goal.

Article 90 [Punishment for Illegal Inoculation] If the inoculation personnel violate the vaccination norms during the inoculation process, causing serious consequences, the health administrative department at or above the county level shall give a warning or order them to suspend their practice activities for more than six months but less than one year; If the circumstances are serious, his practice certificate shall be revoked; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

The key to this clause is how to define the violation of [vaccination norms].

Vaccination norms include normative documents with different sources and authorities. Take influenza vaccination norms as an example:

Egg allergy is taboo in the instructions of most influenza vaccines, but the latest influenza vaccine guide document of China CDC points out that the 2015 edition of Pharmacopoeia has cancelled the taboo of egg allergy, and foreign studies have also proved that egg allergy is not a contraindication for influenza vaccine inoculation.

In other words, the taboo in the manual is set incorrectly. So, can the vaccination doctor vaccinate people who are allergic to eggs with flu vaccine?

At present, there are a large number of clauses with China characteristics lacking scientific basis in China’s vaccination standards. The general starting point of these clauses is to avoid getting into trouble for yourself, not to put public health first. If such vaccination norms are taken as the basis of punishment, it will lead to the tragedy in Dying to Survive.

Personally, I suggest that this excessively severe penalty be abolished. In reality, if there is a vaccination error or accident, the parties will be punished to some extent, and there is no need to increase the penalty.

Authors: Vaccine and Science, Tao Lina, a vaccine expert, a member of China Medical Media Alliance, and an author of er interesting science in medical education.

Disclaimer: My medical science is used to guide the public to establish a scientific understanding of health and avoid being misled by mistakes and rumors. The contents of popular science are personal opinions, for reference only, and have nothing to do with my employer. If my popular science content is wrong, please leave a message and tell me. I am very willing to verify and correct it. Some pictures are from the Internet. If your copyright is involved, please contact me to delete them.

　　According to Henan Health and Health Commission, April 24th 0-mdash; At 24: 00, there were 5 locally confirmed cases (4 cases in Anyang and 1 case in Zhengzhou) and 18 locally asymptomatic infected persons (10 cases in Anyang, 5 cases in Xinyang, 2 cases in Zhengzhou and 1 case in Shangqiu) in Henan Province, and no locally suspected cases were added. There are no newly imported confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and suspected cases. Two confirmed cases were cured and discharged (1 local case and 1 imported case), and 16 asymptomatic infected patients were released from medical observation (13 local cases and 3 imported cases).

　　From January 21st, 2020 to 24: 00 on April 24th, 2022, a total of 2,883 confirmed cases (2,672 local cases and 211 imported cases) were reported in Henan Province. There are 37 hospitalized cases (35 local cases and 2 imported cases) and 256 asymptomatic infected persons (252 local cases and 4 imported cases) who are still under medical observation. A total of 87,557 close contacts were tracked, and 11,548 close contacts were being observed.

　

　

Hang Zheng Ban Han [2008] No.211

District and county (city) people’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated units:

Developed by the Municipal Price BureauMeasures for further improving the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area"has been approved by the municipal government and is now forwarded to you, please follow the implementation.

General Office of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government　　　　

　

Press release issued on 5 June 2008

　　

On further improving motor vehicles in Hangzhou urban area

Measures for the implementation of parking fee management

(Municipal Price Bureau, May 29th, 2008)

　

In order to further solve the "parking difficulty", strengthen the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area, standardize the charging behavior, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of parking lot operators and vehicle parking people, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the parking industry, according to the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law and other laws and regulations, the following implementation measures are proposed to improve the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area (excluding Xiaoshan and Yuhang District, the same below).:

　　These Measures shall apply to the behavior, supervision and management of motor vehicle parking charges in urban areas.

Two, the term "motor vehicle parking fees" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the behavior of providing parking services for motor vehicles and collecting fees.

Three, the municipal price department is the competent department in charge of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou, responsible for the supervision and management of motor vehicle parking fees. City management department is responsible for the organization and implementation of urban road parking fees. Public security, construction, industry and commerce, finance, taxation and other departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, coordinate the management of motor vehicle parking fees.

Fourth, the pricing form of motor vehicle parking charges.

(1) Parking fees for urban roads and parking fees for internal parking lots of government institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises that are open to the outside world shall be set by the government.

(2) The fees charged by the following parking lots shall be subject to government-guided price management:

1.Fees charged by stations, docks, tourist attractions and other supporting parking lots that lack competition and have monopoly nature;

2.Charges for parking lots at the entrance to the city;

3.Charges for parking the parking lot where traffic accidents are caused and vehicles are forcibly towed away in violation of the law;

4.Charges for parking lots specially built for motor vehicles in residential areas (including commercial and residential buildings, the same below) and motor vehicle parking spaces set on roads in residential areas;

5.Encourage hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, gymnasiums (fields) and other units to open the supporting parking lots free of charge. If it is really necessary to charge, the fees shall be subject to government-guided price management.

(3) The fees charged by professional parking lots and supporting parking lots of hotels (restaurants), shopping malls, entertainment places, office buildings, etc. shall be subject to market-adjusted prices, which shall be determined independently by the operators according to their operating costs and supply and demand. Encourage hotels (restaurants), shopping malls, entertainment venues, office buildings and other supporting parking lots to open free of charge.

Five, motor vehicle parking fees.

(a) the parking contradiction is not prominent, unattended area, the road parking spaces to implement free parking; In areas with large parking demand and attended people, parking fees can be charged according to the management cost. Urban road parking fees are charged in different ways and standards according to different regions and time periods.

Government agencies and institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises should open their internal parking lots to the outside world at the wrong time, and encourage them to waive parking fees; If it is really necessary to charge, it shall be determined according to the management cost, but it shall not be higher than the standard of road parking fees.

(two) the implementation of government guidance price of the parking lot, the parking fee standard floating rate is 0, the floating rate is not limited. On the basis of the government-guided price, the operator puts forward specific charging standards according to factors such as cost, and reports them to the municipal price department for approval.

(three) the parking fee standard of the parking lot with market-adjusted price shall be determined independently by the operator in accordance with the principle of compensating reasonable operating costs and paying taxes according to law.

(4) In order to alleviate the road traffic pressure in the West Lake Scenic Area, self-driving tourists are encouraged to enter the scenic area by transfer, and the tourism distribution center will park the transferred small vehicles free of charge. At the same time, the charging standards for some parking lots and road parking in the scenic spot will be raised during holidays and weekends during the tourist season.

Six, the parking fee charged by the parking lot must meet the conditions:

(1) Where a public parking lot provides parking services for the society and charges fees, its owner or operator shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration, obtain a business license and obtain the parking lot business qualification.

(two) urban road parking spaces need to be determined by the traffic police, urban management and the community through the "three-in-one" working mechanism, and parking spaces can be charged only if they are explicitly paid parking spaces. The charging of urban road parking spaces is delegated to all districts, and the road parking charging service centers established by all districts organize the implementation.

(three) the establishment of road parking spaces and the implementation of parking fees in residential areas shall meet the requirements of planning, fire safety and other aspects, and obtain the consent of the relevant parking management institutions of the district governments and the owners or owners’ committees of residential areas.

(4) If the opening-up institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises charge parking fees for their internal parking lots, their logistics service agencies or newly established corresponding agencies shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration, obtain a business license and obtain parking business qualifications.

Seven, the parking lot operators should bear the responsibilities in the management activities:

(a) operators should be in accordance with the provisions of the implementation of the price tag system, in the parking lot eye-catching position set up a price tag, announced the service content, pricing form, charging standards, charging basis, free parking time, telephone complaints, etc.

(two) the use of motor vehicle parking bills under the unified supervision of the tax department.

(three) responsible for the maintenance, maintenance and updating of the facilities in the venue, and keeping the traffic signs and markings in the venue clear and complete.

(four) to maintain the parking order and driving order of vehicles in the venue.

(five) the issuance of vehicle access time contact list, as the basis for parking charges.

(six) comply with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules on the management of parking lots.

Eight, motor vehicle parking should comply with the provisions of:

(1) Take care of parking facilities.

(two) to accept the command and dispatch of the staff of the parking lot, and to park the vehicles in an orderly manner according to the traffic signs and markings in the parking lot.

(3) Pay parking fees according to regulations.

(4) Abide by the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and rules.

Nine, improve the charge management system, standardize the behavior of motor vehicle parking charges.

(a) the implementation of parking fees audit and filing system.

1.Urban road parking garages that are subject to government pricing and parking lots that are open to the outside world by government agencies and institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises, supporting parking lots that lack competition and have monopoly nature such as stations, docks and tourist attractions that are subject to government guidance prices, parking lots at the entrance of the city, parking lots where vehicles are forcibly towed away due to traffic accidents and violations of the law, and supporting parking lots of hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, gymnasiums (fields) and other units that are subject to charges, parking charging units are being implemented.

2.For parking lots with market-regulated prices, operators should go through the filing formalities with the competent price department of the district where they are located before charging.

(2) Operators of parking lots with market-regulated prices shall follow the principles of fairness, legality and good faith. It is forbidden to collude in price increases, drive up prices, price fraud, price discrimination and other unfair price behaviors.

(III) Urban road parking fees shall be fully used for parking management, maintenance of parking facilities and necessary parking services, and shall not be used for other purposes.

(four) the management unit of motor vehicle parking in residential quarters shall announce the income and expenditure of motor vehicle parking fees at the end of each year and accept the supervision of the owners or the owners’ committee. Parking fees charged by parking spaces in residential areas should be used to improve the residential environment or public facilities after deducting necessary management fees.

(five) the indoor parking garage provides vehicle parking services, and after charging parking fees, no fees such as parking space property management service fees shall be charged.

(six) the following circumstances are free of parking fees:

1.Parking in the free parking spaces on the roads that have been clearly designated.

2.Parking in urban road toll parking spaces and public parking lots (including various supporting parking lots and professional parking lots) for no more than 15 minutes.

3.Parking for no more than 2 hours in road parking spaces in residential areas.

4.Military vehicles (including armed police vehicles), police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles performing tasks.

(seven) traffic accidents, illegal forced to drag away from the scene of the vehicle, should be disposed of according to the principle of nearby parking, the charges according to the standards of vehicle parking lot.

Ten, the price departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and inspection of motor vehicle parking fees in accordance with the law, in violation of the provisions of motor vehicle parking fees, by the price departments in accordance with the relevant provisions. Violation of the management regulations of public security, construction, urban management, industry and commerce, finance, taxation and other departments shall be dealt with according to law by the relevant departments according to their respective responsibilities.

Eleven, this approach since July 1, 2008. Notice of the former general office of the municipal government on Forwarding the Measures for the Implementation of the Municipal Price Bureau on Reforming and Standardizing the Parking Charges for Motor Vehicles in Hangzhou (No.245 [2005] of Hangzhou Zhengban Letter) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　　　　　

　

　

　

Annex 1

　

Parking fee standard for motor vehicles in Hangzhou urban area

　

　

　

Annex 2

　

Motor vehicles with government-guided prices in Hangzhou urban area

Parking charge standard　

　

A lack of competition, monopoly and really need to charge the unit supporting the parking lot, into the city parking lot, parking traffic accidents, illegal forced to drag away from the car parking fee:

　

　

　

Two, the residential area of motor vehicle parking fees:

　

　

　

Annex 3

　

Some parking lots or roads in Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area

Motor vehicle parking fee standard

　

　

　

Image source @ Country Garden official website

oneSales fell sharply, falling out of the TOP10 of the sales list for the first time.

In the situation that the real estate industry has not been fully improved, and the concerns about a number of negative news in the near future, the sales situation of Country Garden is becoming increasingly severe. According to the latest data released by Kerry, from January to March 2024,Country Garden’s full-caliber sales amounted to 17.68 billion yuan, down 79.9% year-on-year, ranking 12th, falling out of the TOP10 list for the first time.In the same period of 2023, the sales amount of Country Garden still ranked third; Compared with the sales situation of the whole industry, the sales amount of the top 100 real estate enterprises in January-March decreased by 47.5% year-on-year.Country Garden’s decline far exceeds the industry’s decline, and the decline of 79.91% is also the largest among TOP50 housing enterprises.

Judging from the monthly sales in March, Country Garden’s sales were 5.51 billion yuan, down 82.67% year-on-year, which was second only to Evergrande’s -83.43%.

Sales and repayment are one of the most important channels for real estate enterprises to expand cash flow. The rapid decline in sales amount has further deteriorated Country Garden’s own "hematopoietic" ability.

Data source: corporate financial report & Kerry, drawn by Titanium Media APP.

Judging from the sales data over the years, since 2016, Country Garden has started to add leverage crazily and become the "king of hoarding land". In 2015, the sales of Country Garden was 140.2 billion yuan, and in 2016, it directly doubled to 308.8 billion yuan. In 2017, it broke through the 500 billion mark and ranked first in the sales list for the first time; It reached its peak in 2020, with sales of 788.8 billion yuan; From 2017 to 2022, it ranked first in the sales list of real estate enterprises in China for six consecutive years. In 2023, the sales amount halved and fell to the sixth place in the sales list.

In the peak period of sales in 2018-2021, the average monthly sales was 61-65 billion yuan, which fell to 38.7 billion yuan and 18.1 billion yuan respectively in 2022-2023. In the first quarter of 2024, this figure has fallen to 5.9 billion yuan.Some organizations have predicted that Country Garden will reach 40 billion yuan in sales every month, so that it can have sufficient ability to repay debt interest. Judging from the current sales data, it is far from enough.

Insiders pointed out that, looking back, Country Garden’s "high leverage and fast turnover" model of rapid expansion depends entirely on the rapid sale of houses. At present, the speed of selling houses has slowed down, which naturally leads to the difficulty in maintaining the capital chain.

Country Garden once bluntly said: "We underestimated the depth, intensity and duration of the market downturn, failed to take more effective measures as early as possible, failed to see that the relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market has undergone major changes, and failed to understand the potential risks such as excessive investment ratio in third-and fourth-tier cities and insufficient debt ratio pressure drop, and failed to resolve them promptly and forcefully."

2, delay the release of financial reports, stock suspension, and hire a risk consulting company to conduct liquidation analysis.

In addition to the pressure of sales, its debt restructuring seems to be facing unprecedented pressure.

On the evening of March 28th, Country Garden did not publish the annual performance and financial report for 2023 as planned, but issued a notice saying that,The publication of 2023 annual results will be delayed, and the board meeting will also be postponed. In addition, the company will suspend trading on the Stock Exchange from 9: 00 on April 2.

Country Garden said in the announcement: "The suspension of trading will not have a substantial impact on the company’s operations. At present, the work of Baojiaolou and overseas debt restructuring are progressing in an orderly manner. "

Image source @ Country Garden Announcement

Country Garden gave two reasons for the delay in publishing the 2023 annual results in the announcement:"First, because the industry continues to fluctuate, the business environment faced by the company is becoming increasingly complex, and the company needs to collect more information to make appropriate accounting estimates and judgments; Second, due diligence related to debt restructuring has a large workload and high complexity, which requires more time to collect financial information. "

In fact, Country Garden suffered a loss for the first time in 2022, with a loss of 6.052 billion yuan. In the first half of 2023, the loss continued to expand, and the net loss to the mother core was about 48.932 billion yuan. Three years later, in 2019, 2020 and 2021, its net profit returned to its mother was as high as 39.55 billion, 35.022 billion and 26.797 billion respectively.

Country Garden’s huge losses are mainly due to asset impairment losses. It is reported that 40.3 billion yuan was accrued in the first half of 2023. The decline in average selling price and slow de-capitalization led to an increase in provision for asset impairment; Judging from the recent sales trend and overall layout of Country Garden, the provision for asset impairment may be intensified.

Compared with the annual report, the market is more concerned about the progress of Country Garden’s debt restructuring and whether it will eventually be liquidated like Evergrande.

On October 10, 2023, Country Garden said that the company had not paid the due amount of HK$ 470 million, which caused a debt default, and announced the official start of overseas debt restructuring. Country Garden also hired China International Finance Hong Kong Securities Co., Ltd. and Hualian Nuoji (China) Co., Ltd. as financial consultants and Shengde Law Firm as legal consultants, and then introduced KPMG as the main financial consultant for overseas debt restructuring in 2024 to jointly formulate an overall plan to comprehensively solve the company’s current overseas debt risks. (Details: Country Garden launches overseas debt restructuring)

Six months have passed, but no substantial progress has been announced in overseas debt restructuring. Therefore, on February 28th this year, the creditor Jian Taoji filed a liquidation petition against Country Garden with the Hong Kong High Court.

In addition to the pressure on overseas debts, there are also problems with domestic debts that have been successfully extended before.On March 12th, the news that Country Garden’s bond’ H1 Bidi 01′ (original name’ 21 Bidi 01′) failed to pay all the interest due became the focus of the market. Country Garden responded that the interest fund of RMB 96 million of "21 Bidi 01" due to the failure of sales recovery and the pressure of fund allocation on March 12 has not been fully paid. (Details: Country Garden debt interest payment enters grace period)

Previously, Country Garden has hired Kroll, an American risk consultancy company, to conduct liquidation analysis before the court hearing in mid-May. Kroll will conduct an independent business review of Country Garden and predict the recovery ratio of creditors in the case of liquidation.

In the "suspension of trading" announcement, Country Garden said: "The company attaches great importance to debt risk resolution. In the past few months, the company has been working with financial consultants and legal consultants to evaluate the Group’s situation and formulate debt restructuring plans to alleviate the current liquidity problem. Country Garden hopes that all stakeholders will maintain their confidence in the company and support the company to continue its efforts to promote the best practical restructuring plan and achieve a long-term and sustainable capital structure. "

threeMany of its companies have been frozen with equity exceeding 10 billion.

Country Garden’s recent pressure goes far beyond this.

According to the eye-catching survey, recently, Country Garden Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. has added a number of pieces of information about stock right freezing. The enterprises whose shares have been executed include Guangzhou Yuedong Country Garden Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen paladin Phase V Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership), Shenzhen Huixin No.22 Investment Consulting Partnership (Limited Partnership), Shenzhen Biji Industrial Development Co., Ltd., etc. The amount of stock right freezing ranges from 39 million yuan to 6.705 billion yuan, and the total stock right freezing exceeds 10 billion yuan.

Image source @ Tianyancha official website

Country Garden responded by saying that due to disputes with the partners in cost calculation and pre-distribution of profits, the partners applied to the court for property preservation. This kind of dispute is a normal commercial dispute, and the court has not yet made a final judgment. The value of the frozen equity is not the same as the subject matter of the dispute. Country Garden is ready to raise an objection to the excessive preservation of the partner.

For Country Garden, the sales rebate is not strong, so we can only rely on new financing to repay the debts due and promote the work of "guaranteeing the delivery of the building".As of March 15th, 272 projects in Country Garden have been included in the "white list" and have received financing support of about 1.732 billion yuan, which can accurately promote the task of "guaranteeing the delivery of buildings". In addition, on March 24th, Country Garden revealed that it plans to introduce Guangdong Zhongwei Investment Control Technology Group Co., Ltd. to develop and build a complex project in White Swan Pond Business District, Liwan District, Guangzhou, and Guangdong Zhongwei will provide 2.8 billion yuan of construction funds after entering the company.

It is worth noting that these can only solve the single project and short-term crisis of Country Garden. In order to solve the liquidity risk, debt restructuring and the recovery of the sales market are very important. (This article first appeared in Titanium Media APP, author | Wang Jian, editor | Liu Yangxue)

For more macro research on dry goods, please pay attention to titanium media international think tank WeChat official account:

The teacher of Fengwafang Primary School reported that the serious pollution problem of the earthworm company next door has not been solved for 8 years, and the children’s physical and mental health has been seriously affected, and they often cough, and many teachers also suffer from bronchitis.

For Fengwafang Primary School in Yunhe Street, Pizhou, a county-level city in Jiangsu Province, and the surrounding residents, the most celebrated thing in these two days is that the "heart disease" that has plagued for eight years has finally been cured.

"Heart disease" comes from a local commercial concrete company called Dilong. According to the national enterprise credit information publicity system, Pizhou Pheretima Commercial Concrete Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Pheretima Company) was established in 2007 with a registered capital of 28 million yuan. However, since its establishment, the company has caused pollution to the surrounding areas, and the surrounding residents have reported it for 8 years, and it has never been fruitful.

At the end of May, Zhou Tiegen, Mayor of Xuzhou, Chen Jing, Mayor of Pizhou, etc. walked into the hotline program of Jiangsu Province, and after supervising this complaint on the spot, the problem was quickly solved.

Enterprise procedures are incomplete, and it is still "standing" after repeated investigations and punishments.

The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter found that there are many posts on the Internet reflecting the environmental pollution problems of the earthworm company.

For example, in May 2015, some netizens broke the news on the local "Pizhou Forum" in Pizhou, which is under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou City, and the earthworm company discharged sewage indiscriminately, seriously polluting the surrounding fields. The town-run Fengwafang Primary School is next door to the Dilong Concrete Factory, which is separated by a wall. There is often a thick layer of dust on the windows in schools. When the vehicle passes by, it is even "only dust but no car". Therefore, the villagers hope that it can move out of densely populated residential areas as soon as possible.

Netizens broke the news, using PH test paper to detect sewage, and the test paper immediately turned black.

Relevant government departments have also noticed the problems of earthworm company.

The Paper reporterAccording to official website of Pizhou Housing and Construction Bureau, in September, 2012, the bureau issued suggestions on the investigation and disposal of the pollution of Fengwafang Primary School in Yunhe Town by earthworm company.

According to the field investigation, the school is separated from the earthworm company only by a wall, and a sewage ditch flows out from the south wall of the earthworm company, extending to the school gate and gradually opening up, with a maximum of nearly two meters, which is discharged in the open air. The sewage is bluish-brown, with thick cement turbidity, about 30 meters in length, and directly discharged into the drainage ditch on the west side.

The disposal suggestion given by the bureau is that the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Yunhe Town Government jointly interview the person in charge of the earthworm company. At the same time, earthworm company is required to standardize the way of wastewater discharge and lay underground drainage pipe network.

According to official website of Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau,In August, 2015, Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau issued a written decision on administrative punishment of earthworm company. According to the decision, the commercial concrete production project and supporting environmental protection facilities of earthworm company "have not been accepted or approved for trial production by the environmental protection department, and the main project has been officially put into production without authorization, and pollutants have not been discharged without a sewage permit".In March 2015, the Environmental Protection Bureau ordered the unit to stop the sewage discharge immediately, but during the on-site inspection in June of the same year, it was found that the sewage discharge had not stopped.

In this regard, Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau once again ordered the earthworm company to stop production immediately, with a total fine of 180,000 yuan.

According to Article 77 of the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Jiangsu Province, if air pollutants are discharged without a pollution discharge permit, "the competent administrative department of environmental protection shall order it to stop pollution discharge or restrict production, stop production and rectify, and impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be reported to the people’s government with the right of approval and ordered to suspend business or close down. " According to the punishment, it can be seen that Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau didn’t recognize the "serious circumstances" of earthworm company.

Despite being punished many times, the pollution problem of earthworm company has not been cured.. This enterprise, which has been incomplete since its establishment, has been reported for 8 years and is still "standing".

The mayor was "ashamed" and earthworm was demolished within a week.

On May 27th, 2016, the political hotline of Jiangsu Province entered Xuzhou, attended by Zhou Tiegen, mayor of Xuzhou, and principals of relevant departments of various districts, counties and cities.

The political hotline of Jiangsu Province is a TV broadcast program led by the Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection and participated by many media. Leading cadres of local or government departments should take the lead in entering radio stations, TV stations and webcasts, actively communicate with the masses, listen to their voices and do things for them.

At the activity site, the teacher of Fengwafang Primary School reported that the serious pollution problem of the earthworm company next door has not been solved for 8 years, the children’s physical and mental health has been seriously affected, they often cough, and many teachers also suffer from bronchitis.The school teacher jointly wrote a letter to report that "the request for closure or relocation was threatened by the earthworm company".

In this regard, Chen Jing, the mayor of Pizhou, said that the fine failed to cure the problem, which showed that there was no linkage awareness among various departments, and it also reflected the drawbacks and shortcomings of administrative law enforcement.

Chen Jing said: "We didn’t pay enough attention to the problem. At that time, everyone thought that we would move in two years and the work would be delayed. I felt very ashamed."

The mayor made a statement and the problem was solved.

Zhang Yun, the propaganda committee member of Canal Sub-district Office where Lumbricus Company is located, told The Paper that by May 30th, all 12 cement tanks of Lumbricus Company had been dismantled, and other plant equipment was also being dismantled. "There is no possibility of resuming work", and Lumbricus Company will find a new site by itself. Zhang Yun said that it is not clear what plans will be made for the demolished land in the future.

Pizhou Municipal Committee set up a joint investigation team to conduct a comprehensive inventory.

In the past eight years, how has the canal street where the enterprise is located handled this problem?

Zhang Yun said that the Canal Sub-district Office is aware of the demands of Fengwafang Primary School and surrounding residents, and has been actively coordinating this, such as reflecting problems to the environmental protection department and urging enterprises to build noise isolation equipment.

How does the EPA look at this matter? Yang Yang, deputy director of Pizhou Environmental Protection Bureau in charge of environmental monitoring and letters and visits, told The Paper that he was also "very ashamed". At present, the earthworm company has been dismantled on the spot, and there is no possibility of "resurgence".

Yang Yang doesn’t want to talk about details such as whether the punishment for earthworm company is in place in the past eight years. He said,The Commission for Discipline Inspection of Pizhou City is investigating the Environmental Protection Bureau and has interviewed many business departments.

Yang Yang said that the Environmental Protection Bureau will fully cooperate with the investigation of the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and humbly accept any processing results of the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection.

According to Xinhua Daily,In response to this matter, the Pizhou Municipal Committee has set up a joint working group, and the Supervision Bureau of the Commission for Discipline Inspection has also intervened. It will conduct a comprehensive inventory of the dereliction of duty and dereliction of duty of various competent departments in the past eight years and even issues that may involve violations of the law..

The writer of this article is writer @Nico.

Pierce the last window of life with movies.

Recently, there was a high-scoring online drama, which started quietly.

Although it didn’t make any splash on the hot search, on Douban, many fans cried "Ye Qing Hui" and scored 8.7 for it.

No suspense, it’s just-

The edge of the city

"The Edge of the City" is an exception to the series of "Mao Lie", with a total of 30 episodes, which are released at one time, each episode is only about 10 minutes, short and pithy.

Before the formal chat, Xiaowan still needs to talk briefly about Mao Cheat.

It is said that 11 years ago, domestic online dramas just started.

A small team rooted in Shijiazhuang, relying on the strength of one share, vacated the "Mao Cheat", the title of which was homophonic, deliberately playing the ball.

No one expected that this rustic drama would become the ceiling of the future online drama in one fell swoop.

From "Mao Cheat 1, 2" to "Mao Cheat End", the word-of-mouth has been rising steadily: 8.6, 9.4 and 9.7.

On the Douban, on an equal footing with The End of Mao Cheat, there are all classic dramas such as A Dream of Red Mansions, 1566 Ming Dynasty and Towards the Republic.

"Mao Cheat" ranks among them, which is quite out of place. It seems to be a common wild flower from the complicated history and political situation.

Back to the story, "Mao Cheat" mainly revolves around a fraud team composed of a group of people on the edge of the city-Zhao Ning, Xiaobao, Li Wei, Shao Zhuang, Bao Ge, Anning and Xing Dongdong.

Adhering to the tenet of "even thieves have a way", these gangs only cheat and don’t steal, which is quite chivalrous. They rob the rich and help the poor, while fighting with their peers in the Jianghu.

Many common tricks are displayed in the play.

For example, stealing mobile phones, stealing ATM cards, begging for money, insurance fraud, chess endgame, interest-free loans and so on.

The series "Mao Cheat" is structured as a unit drama, with one episode, one scam and one main line in each season. Through ingenious arrangement, they are connected in series.

At the end of "The End of Mao Cheat", Xiaobao found another "fat sheep" and prepared to do a big job.

As a result, this vision has been extinguished before it is opened. Anning, Li Wei, Dongdong and Shao Zhuang left in turn and went their separate ways, leaving Xiaobao standing still.

A "Grand Theft Auto Legend" came to an end.

Due to the sensitive theme, The End of Mao Cheat was taken off the shelves of the whole network only one year after it was launched, and since then, it has been "living among the people", but many viewers regard this "China’s first online drama" as the tears of the times.

Now, after a lapse of six years, The Edge of the City has returned with its original crew, and successfully awakened the feelings and memories of those audiences with familiar recipes and familiar tastes.

In fact, as early as the filming of Mao Cheat, The Edge of the City had a clue-

In the play, it has been mentioned many times, and it is an online serial novel created by Zhao Ning under the pseudonym of Changle Girl after she left the team.

"The Edge of the City" focuses on the core figure Xiaobao. Xiaobao is a core member of the initial leader Zhao Ning.

From "Mao Cheat" to "The Edge of the City", Xiao Bao has a clear growth vein-

At first, it was an impulsive and impetuous killing of Matt. After Zhao Ning’s training, it gradually became mature and sophisticated. In the second season, he succeeded Zhao Ning as the leader and helped the team to save the day with exquisite layout.

This time, in "The Edge of the City", he launched a new adventure single-handedly.

The first few episodes of the story seem to be a capitalized "fraud prevention guide", which analyzes a variety of scams.

The first episode, is a wine tray scam. A lecherous man met a beautiful girl in dating software.

As a result, the other party went to the restaurant to consume high-priced drinks and slaughtered him severely.

Next, Xiao Bao appeared and gave the wine tray a beautiful counterattack. Xiaobao and the wine tray ate 8,850 yuan a meal.

Before paying, he first called up the mobile phone model to pretend to charge, and then borrowed the mobile phone of the wine tray to make a phone call.

Then, he put his mobile phone on the table, went to the bar to prepare to pay the bill in cash, and deliberately took out a large stack of cash to let the other party relax their vigilance.

Then, the companion entered the door, pretending to be the owner who was in the way, and asked Xiaobao to move the car at the door. Xiaobao put his wallet at the front desk to gain trust, and then drove away.

When the liar reacted, he found that Xiaobao had already stolen the column, leaving only the model mobile phone and a stack of white paper.

Close encounter of mahjong staged a flowing, let a person can’t see the slightest flaw.

In the second episode, fake gas inspectors went to the door to cheat.

Two swindlers pretended to be inspectors, went to the door to repair gas, and earned maintenance fees on the pretext of gas leakage.

Xiaobao and his partner cleverly set up a game, one pretending to be a locksmith and the other pretending to be a pregnant woman owner. Xiaobao caught a turtle in a jar for the swindlers and trapped them in the kitchen, thinking that they had really suffered a natural gas leak.

The pregnant women trapped in the kitchen with them fainted directly to the ground, leaving the liar at a loss and worried about one body and two lives.

At this point, Xiaobao waited for an opportunity and asked for 5000 pieces to unlock. The swindler hesitated again and again, so he had no choice but to agree. Stealing chickens and wasting rice.

In the third episode, I found someone to drive on my behalf and Lu Yu touched porcelain.

Xiaobao called a driver to help him drive after drinking. However, the driver on behalf of the driver offered to leave not far from the destination, allowing the drunken owner to solve the later journey by himself.

Unexpectedly, Xiao Bao just got into the driver’s seat and the car behind him gave him a malicious rear-end collision.

It was clearly the fault of the other party, but the accident party knew that Xiaobao was guilty of drunk driving and extorted 20,000 yuan from him as soon as he opened his mouth.

Many people encounter this kind of scam of driving and touching porcelain, and they will be turned into the pit in a muddle.

But Xiao Bao dealt with a man as he deals with you, and made a beautiful counter-kill.

Not only did he not drink himself, but he also let the swindler drink the additive drink, so he turned against the army and let the swindler recognize the loss.

Seeing here, it is not difficult to find that there are great differences in the starting point between The Edge of the City and Mao Cheat.

The former is "anti-fraud" and the latter is "cheating". This adaptation obviously has the scale consideration of "green health".

Although suspense and baggage come down in one continuous line with Mao Lie, Edge of the City has added many unexpected tips on obeying the law and brought out many positive values.

For example, at the end, letting Xiaobao, a street swindler, turn himself in voluntarily is a plot setting with a strong desire for survival.

At the same time, compared with Mao Lie, The Edge of the City also adds a lot of tender feelings. For example, send anti-fraud manuals to the elderly.

The subtle deception in the play takes advantage of the weaknesses of human nature: greed, lust, timidity and so on.

In a sense, the victims of the scam are more or less culpable of punishment.

However, compared with Mao Lie, treating these "culpable of punishment", The Edge of the City has become gentler, more compassionate and more respectful of human nature.

Like Mao Cheat, the play also uses short stories as bait, which gradually leads to a bigger story line.

Starting from the third episode, Xiao Bao officially entered the game to compete with the villain Mao Ge. It turns out that the fraud gangs he punished before all belonged to Mao Ge.

Xiao Bao opened fire on them again and again in order to attract Mao Ge’s attention.

The actor who plays Mao Ge is none other than Zhang Tao, who recently played Mr. Zhong in Xiao Shede.

On the surface, Xiao Bao defected to Mao Ge, but in fact, he secretly planned a big game of chess. This big game of chess is related to the bloodstone repeatedly recited by neighbor Lao Du.

After parting ways with his friends, Xiaobao lived in a village in the city and got to know Lao Du, a neighbor who lives alone with his granddaughter Tutu and suffers from Alzheimer’s disease.

Twenty years ago, Lao Du was entrusted to keep a priceless bloodstone.

Since then, a series of misfortunes began to happen in Lao Du: his wife mysteriously disappeared, his son and daughter-in-law died in a car accident, and even the carefully kept bloodstone was gone.

At present, Mao Ge and his party are investigating the whereabouts of bloodstone. So, with the search for the bloodstone as the main line, Xiaobao joined the criminal group in Mao Ge, trying to find out the truth behind the bloodstone.

A battle of wits between close encounter of mahjong and deception began in the play …

In addition to the fascinating story of the big story set and the short story set, The Edge of the City also sacrificed a lot of memories for Laofen.

In the play, Xiaobao not only recalled his first half life in the name of a friend, but also quoted what his father had said to him.

Many years ago, my father concealed the fact that he had cancer from Xiaobao, and advised Xiaobao to cherish life and stay away from fraud circles as soon as possible.

At that time, Xiao Bao failed to understand the deep meaning of his father’s words and felt that he was a fraud genius, arrogant and blind.

Later, as he grew older and more experienced, he gradually understood the profound meaning in his father’s words.

Unfortunately, my father was already dead at this time.

At the end, several leading actors in Mao Cheat all appeared, giving the audience a deep memory:

Brother Bao, whose acting skills are obvious to all, Xing Dongdong, who was promoted to a nursing father, Li Wei, who has first-class unlocking skills, Shao Zhuang, who is still handsome, is full of peace.

Except Zhao Ning, all the members of the Mao cheat team assembled.

After gathering, the screenwriter turned his pen and left an open ending-

After mantis catching cicada and yellowbird, Xiaobao and his party have been watched by mysterious people.

What awaits them will be more complicated puzzles …

Generally speaking, The Edge of the City is slightly inferior to Mao Cheat in suspense narrative.

The deception presented in the play looks relatively simple, and the villain boss is also set relatively weakly, which does not bring out the exciting and exciting confrontation.

However, compared with similar online dramas, it is still an excellent suspense drama full of sincerity. It is well-made and climaxes, and it does not play with the audience in the name of feelings. It belongs to a work that is worth seeing although it is regrettable.

Note: Some pictures in this article are from Douban and the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us actively.

According to the latest data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the current vegetable field area in China is 94.35 million mu, an increase of 1.84 million mu year-on-year; In the first ten days of October, the output was 24.09 million tons, an increase of 710,000 tons. The national "vegetable basket" has stable production, sufficient supply and stable market.

"transporting western fruits to the east and southern vegetables to the north" enriches people’s dining tables

This is the largest vegetable market in East China — — Nanjing Agricultural and Sideline Products Logistics Center, with 30,000 trucks entering and leaving every day and 50,000 passengers every day, trades over 100,000 kinds of products every day, and the annual trading volume exceeds 11 million tons. Walking into the trading area with an area of tens of thousands of square meters here, it feels like entering a world of vegetables, with all kinds of fresh and exotic vegetables.

In the guest area of the market, more than 200 kinds of plateau dishes and inland dishes are gathered. These vegetables from other places are all transported over long distances.

Zhang Yuli, Market Manager of Nanjing Agricultural and Sideline Products Logistics CenterWe put the goods in the cold storage after they are delivered from farmers, and there is a cold chain in the process of transportation.

Sun Qinlong, Director of Guest Cuisine Department 2 of Zhongcai Vegetable Market, Nanjing Agricultural and Sideline Products Logistics CenterAll the way down at high speed, it will take nearly 2 hours to load, unload and set it up, and immediately go to the table of our people.

At the time of the interview, there were plateau dishes that were transported from other places and kept entering the market. As an important node of "transporting western fruits to the east and southern vegetables to the north", the cargo throughput of Nanjing agricultural and sideline products logistics center can reach about 30 thousand tons a day, and like these market merchants, they handle several thousand kilograms of vegetables every day.

Facility vegetables take the lead in vegetable greenhouses and become "green workshops"

There are more and more varieties of vegetables in the market, which are not only closely related to convenient logistics and transportation, but also closely related to the development of protected agriculture in China, especially protected vegetables. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, at present, the output of protected vegetables in China accounts for 30% of the total main material, which has become an indispensable part of vegetable production and supply.

Protected vegetables refer to vegetables that are grown by artificial technical means to change the natural temperature conditions. Common facilities include greenhouses and greenhouses. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, nearly 30 kinds of vegetables, including cucumbers, tomatoes and eggplants, have basically achieved annual production by manual methods.

Shouguang, Shandong, one of the important vegetable planting bases in China, has a vegetable planting area of 600,000 mu, and the proportion of protected vegetables has reached 95%. In the vegetable greenhouse of Cui Xinzhong, a villager in Daotian Town, Shouguang City, nearly 10 kinds of smart equipment including intelligent ventilator and intelligent plant protection machine were installed.

Cui Xinzhong, a villager from Cuilingxi Village, Daotian Town, Shouguang City, Shandong ProvinceLike my greenhouse, I can control it with a mobile phone. I turn on the fill light, and there is a newly installed intelligent cruise plant protection machine.

Now, Shouguang has completed and put into use 18 intelligent parks covering an area of 23,000 mu, all of which cover new technologies such as large-scale water and fertilizer integrated machine, intelligent temperature control and automatic light supplement. At the same time, more than 50,000 greenhouses have applied Internet of Things equipment, and vegetable greenhouses have become "green workshops".

Sang Yingbin, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Daotian Town, Shouguang City, Shandong ProvinceCompared with the traditional solar greenhouse, the integrated application of advanced facility agricultural equipment can improve the land utilization rate by more than 30% and the production efficiency by more than 50%.

In addition to Shouguang, Shandong, at present, China has gradually formed five major facilities vegetable producing areas: Huanghuaihai, Bohai Rim, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Northwest China, Northeast China and South China.

In Lingwu, Ningxia, the total planting area of local vegetables reached 61,800 mu, including 38,400 mu of protected vegetables. Due to the large temperature difference between day and night and sufficient sunlight, it provided unique conditions for the growth of cold vegetables.

Ma Ping, a villager in Xingwang Village, Lingwu County, is picking ripe tomatoes in her greenhouse. Tomatoes grown in the sand are juicy and juicy, which are deeply loved by consumers.

"Plant Factory": Let the vegetables reach the best growth state.

With the continuous development of modern facility agriculture, an efficient planting method "plant factory" has come, which does not need soil and sunlight. Follow the reporter to see the magical plant factory.

Before entering this plant factory in Beijing, the staff have to put on clean work clothes and go through the air shower room for disinfection. These processes are all to ensure that vegetables are protected from pests and diseases and can grow in a clean environment.

Wu Zhongsheng, head of a plant factoryFor example, including its illumination, humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, irrigation time, etc., these parameters are all controlled by computers, which are all tailored to plants and create the most suitable growth environment for plants.

Here, the roots of vegetables are not soil, but only water. There are not only various nutrients specially prepared in the water, but also good dissolved oxygen, and the water temperature can be adjusted according to the growth of plants, which not only provides the best growth conditions for vegetables, but also saves the water consumption needed for their growth.

Wu Zhongsheng, head of a plant factoryWe need about 500 ml of nutrient solution to produce a vegetable. The nutrient solution is self-circulating and has no external discharge.

In Henan, a 50-acre carbon-rich vegetable factory, nearly 17,000 tomatoes will ripen every seven days. Unlike ordinary field tomatoes, these tomatoes do not need any soil to grow, and the carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power plants is its "three meals a day".

Wang Xiaoqing, Head of Carbon-rich Vegetable Factory in Huixian County, Henan ProvinceOur vegetable factory is located next to the power plant, and the carbon dioxide generated by the power plant is delivered to our tomatoes, so that tomatoes can not only eat light and heat, but also eat gas fertilizer (carbon dioxide).

In this fully automatic plant factory in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, LED lights are equipped here to simulate various spectra needed by plants, and specific spectra are turned on for special crops, so that vegetables can achieve an optimal growth state to ensure yield and quality.

Xue Longjiang, Deputy Director of Development Department of State Grid Pinghu Power Supply CompanyMicro-grid contains a micro-interactive system of hydrogen energy, and at the same time, it is equipped with some distributed photovoltaics, which can not only generate electricity continuously, but also provide usable heat energy.

The magic of the plant factory is that it presses the "fast forward button" for crop growth. Because the environment is closed and controllable, it is less affected by the natural environment and can be planted continuously in one year. Such a football field can produce 300 tons of vegetables every year, which is dozens of times more than the output of traditional vegetable fields in the same area.

Developing Facility Agriculture and Promoting Diversified Food Supply

Agriculture is the "ballast stone" to stabilize the economy and society. Developing facility agriculture is one of the important ways to build a strong agricultural country and achieve high-quality agricultural development. Establishing a big food concept and developing facility agriculture according to local conditions can promote the change of food supply from single production to multiple supply, and better meet the escalating consumer demand of agricultural products.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategy of rural revitalization and "accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas". The modernization of agriculture is related to the overall situation of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modern power. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that without agricultural modernization, rural prosperity and prosperity, and farmers living and working in peace and contentment, national modernization is incomplete, incomplete and unstable. He also stressed that the fundamental solution to the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers lies in deepening reform and taking the road of modern agriculture with China characteristics.

The road to modern agriculture with China characteristics must conform to the reality of agricultural development, maintain the true nature of socialist agriculture and have China characteristics. This "characteristic" is mainly reflected in the following aspects.

First, it should conform to the situation and conditions of China’s agricultural and rural development. Since the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China’s agricultural base, production conditions and production methods, but at present, problems such as a large proportion of agricultural population and a low overall level of agricultural productivity still exist. China has a large agricultural population and lacks rich agricultural resources, so it is impossible to copy the large-scale and large-scale farming model in Europe and America. Modern agriculture with China characteristics is not "Europeanization", but on the basis of household contract management, under the comprehensive effect of market mechanism and government regulation, with the goal of ensuring the supply of agricultural products, increasing farmers’ income and promoting sustainable development; With the support of modern technology and equipment, we will improve agricultural labor productivity, resource output rate and commodity rate, and build a diversified industrial form and multi-functional industrial system that closely connects agriculture, industry and commerce, and integrates production and marketing.

Second, we must adhere to collective ownership and keep the socialist nature of rural agriculture unchanged. China is a socialist country. The development of modern agriculture with China characteristics must obey the general direction and general layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, not only follow the general law of agricultural modernization, but also base itself on the reality of China, and adhere to the socialist nature and embody the characteristics of China. In terms of rural land system, we should adhere to the nature of collective ownership of rural land unchanged; In terms of agricultural management system, it is necessary to adhere to and improve the "separation of three powers" of land ownership, contracting rights and management rights.

Third, we must adhere to the socialist distribution system of common prosperity. The process of agricultural modernization is a process of material wealth production and a process of interest distribution. In this process, China’s distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, giving overall consideration to getting rich first and sharing wealth, efficiency and fairness, should be reflected in the distribution process of agriculture and rural areas. Agricultural modernization should embody the unity of efficiency and fairness, and realize farmers’ modernization and all-round modernization. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly emphasized, "The key to a well-off society is to look at fellow villagers" and "no one can fall behind on the road to a well-off society".

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to accelerate the construction of modern agriculture, take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization in some areas, focus on three key points of accelerating the construction of modern agricultural industrial system, modern agricultural production system and modern agricultural management system, accelerate the adjustment of agricultural structure, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and technical equipment, and accelerate the cultivation of new agricultural management entities. "Several Opinions on Deepening Rural Reform in an All-round Way and Accelerating Agricultural Modernization" requires that we should strive to embark on a new road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics with advanced production technology, moderate scale of operation, strong market competitiveness and sustainable ecological environment. To accelerate the construction of modern agriculture, we can focus on the following six aspects.

First, we should promote the marketization of agriculture. Modern agriculture is a highly commercialized market-oriented industry. Compared with traditional agriculture, modern agriculture is mainly produced for the market, with high commodity rate, perfect market system and modern circulation system of agricultural products. To promote agricultural marketization, it is necessary to organize farmers, enter domestic and foreign markets, and improve the market competitiveness and market share of agricultural products. At present, in view of the problem that China’s agriculture has changed from insufficient aggregate to structural contradiction, we should take the structural reform of agricultural supply side as the main line of agricultural and rural work, focus on optimizing agricultural products, cultivate new kinetic energy for agricultural and rural development, and take the green development of agriculture as the main direction of structural reform of agricultural supply side.

The second is to operate on a moderate scale. Due to the characteristics of high technology content, high production efficiency and strong production capacity, the development of modern agriculture must take the road of moderate scale operation to meet the requirements of fierce competition in the agricultural market. "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing the Strategy of Rural Revitalization" proposes to implement the cultivation project of new agricultural business entities, cultivate and develop family farms, cooperatives, leading enterprises, socialized service organizations and agricultural industrialization consortia, and develop various forms of moderate scale operations.

The third is to develop ecological agriculture. Modern agriculture is also ecological agriculture. It is a modern agricultural development model that uses modern science and technology and management means to intensively manage and obtain higher economic, ecological and social benefits. Faced with the serious problems such as the tight restriction of agricultural resources in China and the pollution of rural agricultural ecological environment, it is very important to develop the idea of "efficient ecological agriculture" and the development concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the promotion of socialist ecological civilization and the construction of beautiful China and beautiful countryside, the development of ecological agriculture has ushered in a period of strategic opportunities.

The fourth is to implement science and technology to promote agriculture. Agricultural modernization and the development of modern agriculture need the support of modern agricultural science and technology. Science and technology are productive forces, and modern agriculture is supported by advanced agricultural technologies such as water, electricity, agricultural film, fertilizer, pesticides, improved varieties and agricultural machinery. The development of modern agriculture cannot be separated from agricultural science and technology. In November, 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to insert the wings of science and technology into agriculture, promote the integration of agricultural technology, mechanization of labor process, informationization of production and operation, legalization of safety and environmental protection, and accelerate the construction of a technical system that meets the requirements of high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe agricultural development in accordance with the principles of paying equal attention to increasing production and increasing efficiency, supporting improved varieties and good methods, and coordinating production ecology. In December 2014, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said in Jiangsu that modern and efficient agriculture is a good way for farmers to get rich. We should follow this path, make agricultural management profitable and make agriculture a promising industry.

The fifth is to build a modern agricultural management system. Modern agriculture should be guaranteed by modern management system. The extensive adoption of advanced management methods, the application of advanced management techniques and means, the organically connected industrial chain, the efficient channels of agricultural product sales and processing transformation, the efficient farmers’ production organization system and the efficient modern agricultural management system have all become the support and guarantee for the development of modern agriculture. To promote agricultural modernization, we should focus on accelerating the construction of modern agricultural industrial system, modern agricultural production system and modern agricultural management system, establish a government macro-control mechanism that is suitable for modern agriculture, and establish a sound agricultural support and protection system, including a legal system and a policy system.

Sixth, it is necessary to cultivate a new team of professional farmers. Modern agriculture should have high-quality farmers, high-quality agricultural breeding talents and management talents, which is the premise and foundation of modern agriculture and the key and requirement for its development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the way out for agriculture lies in modernization, and the key is to strengthen the construction of agricultural scientific and technological talents and cultivate new professional farmers. In November 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Hunan that it is necessary to effectively run rural compulsory education so that the next generation in rural areas can acquire more knowledge and skills. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once again clearly proposed to cultivate a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers. Only by doing a good job in the work of agricultural talent team can we develop and strengthen the new agricultural management subject and continuously enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development.

(Author: Yan Zhanding, executive director and professor of Central South University for Nationalities, theoretical system research center of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, Hubei Province)

CCTV News:Recently, a number of key projects in many places in China have been completed and delivered or welcomed important nodes to promote economic construction and people’s livelihood development.

The residential area of Beijing Dongao Village has been fully completed and put into use.

A few days ago, the residential area of Beijing Winter Olympic Village was fully completed and delivered to the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee for use. During the Games, the residential area will provide accommodation, catering, medical care and other security services for athletes and team officials from all countries. After the competition, Dongao Village will be transformed into a talented public rental house.

Qu Chen, Project Manager of Beijing Winter Olympic Village:We pay more attention to the influence of architecture on people. You will see that all the lamps are not the traditional big ceiling lamps, or a particularly large chandelier, which both diffuses light and wastes, and at the same time makes people feel uncomfortable. There is no such main light in the bedroom, but all are wall lights.

Xiong’an new area’s first high-standard sports park put into use.

In xiong’an new area, a newly-built sports park was put into use, which is also the first high-standard sports park in xiong’an new area, providing a public place for local people to relax and exercise.

Xiong’an new area citizen Mr. Sun:The new sports park is quite good, with a runway, a basketball court and a football field, and the football field is an 11-player full-size football field.

Qingdao, Shandong: The first boring machine tunnel of Metro Line 4 runs through two lines.

Recently, Metro Line 4, which runs through the east-west direction of the main city of Qingdao, Shandong Province, ushered in key construction nodes, and the first double-line tunnel constructed by roadheader was connected. The project adopts two new TBM boring machines independently developed by China, and cooperates with automatic measuring robots. At an ultra-close distance of less than 2 meters, the project safely passes through the subway line 3 in operation, and the surface subsidence is almost zero. It has solved many world-class engineering problems in the construction of boring machines in coastal areas, and accumulated successful experience for the scientific research and construction of underground projects in coastal cities in China under special environmental conditions.

Zhu Ming, General Manager of Qingdao Metro Group Construction Branch:The settlement under the existing line is controlled within 1 mm, and the double-track connection is realized in advance, which creates favorable conditions for the next track laying.

　　Cctv newsRecently, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued "2022— List of national competitions for primary and secondary school students in the 2025 school year (hereinafter referred to as the "list"), and 44 competitions such as the National Youth Artificial Intelligence Innovation Challenge were determined as 2022— In the national competition for primary and secondary school students in the 2025 school year, the head of the supervision department of off-campus education and training of the Ministry of Education answered questions from reporters on the List.

　　1. Please introduce the main background of the publication of the List.

　　A: Since the Ministry of Education formulated and issued the "Administrative Measures on National Competition Activities for Primary and Secondary School Students (Trial)" in 2018, the Ministry of Education has carried out the evaluation of national competition activities for primary and secondary school students for four consecutive years and announced the list of competition activities. In March this year, in order to better meet the actual needs of competition management, the Ministry of Education, together with the Central Organizing Committee, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the General Administration of Market Supervision, improved the Measures for the Administration of National Competition Activities for Primary and Secondary School Students (Trial), and jointly issued the revised Measures for the Administration of National Competition Activities for Primary and Secondary School Students (hereinafter referred to as the Measures) in the name of four departments. According to the requirements of the Administrative Measures, 2022&mdash was launched in May this year; In the 2025 school year, the evaluation of national competition activities for primary and secondary school students was finalized and released to the public through the procedures of independent declaration, expert evaluation, publicity and review by the organizers.

　　2. Please tell us about the main principles followed in this review.

　　A: First, adhere to the correct orientation. The finalists must conform to the requirements of the Administrative Measures and the Opinions on Further Reducing the Students’ Homework Burden and Off-campus Training Burden in Compulsory Education, fully implement the Party’s educational policy, adhere to the socialist direction of running schools, and adhere to the fundamental task of educating people in Lide. The second is to strengthen the bottom line requirements, not to hold competitions for preschool children, not to hold discipline competitions for compulsory education in principle, and strictly control the number of discipline competitions in high school. Third, pay attention to the quality of the competition, give priority to the selection of competition events with excellent qualifications of the organizers, reasonable subject setting, standardized articles of association and system, rich experience in activities and strict organization and preparation, and strictly control the quality of the competition. The fourth is to continuously optimize the structure, and reflect the requirements of "five educations at the same time" through competitions. There are not only traditional competitions such as cultivating natural science literacy, comprehensive humanities literacy, art and sports, but also a number of competitions related to chip technology, satellite navigation, artificial intelligence and other high-tech technologies, focusing on services to solve the problem of "stuck neck". At the same time, comprehensive quality competitions such as labor skills and cultural heritage have been added, further optimizing the competition structure.

　　3. There is one item missing from the published List. Please tell us the main reasons.

　　A: According to the prescribed procedures, after the expert review, we publicized the list of 45 competitions to be held. During the publicity period, we received some reports, which we attached great importance to, made judgments one by one, and entrusted relevant professional institutions to conduct serious investigation and verification. After investigation, it was found that the organizer of a competition had a bad record, which did not conform to the relevant provisions of the Administrative Measures. Therefore, the above-mentioned competition activities were cancelled, and finally the list of 44 competition activities was officially announced to the public.

　　4. Why did the notice announcing the List emphasize that the competition and the results of the competition should not be used as the basis for enrollment in primary and secondary schools and the extra points for the college entrance examination?

　　A: The competition for primary and secondary school students is a public welfare educational activity aimed at cultivating people, tapping students’ special interests and stimulating students’ interest in learning, and should not have any connection with enrollment. The "Administrative Measures" clearly stipulates that the competition and the results produced by the competition shall not be used as the basis for enrollment in primary and secondary schools. The Ministry of Education has repeatedly asked all localities to strictly implement the compulsory education (young to small, small to early) entrance policy without examination, and may not use any competition awards as the basis for further studies; Strictly implement the requirements of "Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Further Promoting the Reform of Entrance Examination System in Senior High Schools" (J.J. II [2016] No.4), and it is strictly forbidden to use the awards of various competitions as the basis for adding points to the entrance examination in senior high schools.

　　At the same time, in 2015 and 2019, the Ministry of Education, together with relevant departments, carried out two rounds of cleaning up and standardizing the extra points in the college entrance examination in accordance with the principle of "promoting fairness, standardized management and scientific accuracy", and explicitly canceled five types of national college entrance examination extra points, including sports special students, Olympic competitions for middle school students, science and technology competitions, provincial outstanding students and outstanding deeds in ideology and morality. According to this spirit, none of the competitions approved this time can be used as extra points for the college entrance examination.

　　5. What are the specific requirements for the competitions in the List?

　　A: First, regarding the time requirement, in principle, the competition in the List will be held from September 2022 to August 2025. During this period, it shall be held no more than once per academic year, with a cumulative total of no more than three times. Second, regarding the requirements of public welfare, the competition should adhere to public welfare and not be for profit. Students and schools are not allowed to charge costs, work fees, activity fees, registration fees, room and board fees, materials fees, equipment fees and other various fees, so as to achieve "zero fees". It is not allowed to specify supporting services such as transportation, hotels and restaurants when participating in competition activities. It is not allowed to collect fees in disguised form by organizing training, study tours, winter camps and summer camps related to the competition for participating students. Do not sell or sell materials, books, auxiliary tools, equipment, materials and other commodities in disguised form. Training is not allowed for students, parents or teachers participating in the competition. It is not allowed to charge fees in violation of regulations in the name of competition. Sponsors may not conduct related marketing and promotion activities by sponsoring competition activities. It is not allowed to transfer the cost of competition activities to students or schools that organize students to participate in the competition in any way. Third, regarding the organizational requirements, the organizers and organizers are directly responsible for the implementation of the competition, and they are not allowed to entrust or authorize; It is necessary to establish various competition mechanisms such as expert selection, proposition marking, result disclosure and objection appeal, and resolutely put an end to fraud, academic misconduct and unfairness.

　　6. How can I sign up for the competition in the List?

　　A: The registration time and method of each competition are released by the organizers themselves. Please pay attention to the information released by the organizers. The organizers and organizers are directly responsible for the implementation of all the work of the competition, and may not entrust or authorize. It is strictly forbidden to entrust off-campus training institutions to organize and guide students to register or receive registration on their behalf.

　　7. Excuse me, how will illegal competition activities outside the List be investigated?

　　A: First, cut off the source of violations. Local education administrative departments at all levels, primary and secondary schools, various educational institutions and other institutions shall not organize or organize primary and secondary school students to participate in competitions outside the List, and shall not provide venues, funds and other conditions for illegal competitions. The second is to seriously verify and investigate. The Ministry of Education will, together with relevant departments, strengthen the supervision and inspection of competition activities through investigation, inspection and other means. Those held in violation of regulations will be dealt with seriously, and the relevant handling situation will be announced to the public through the official channels of the Ministry of Education in a timely manner. Local education administrative departments at all levels should strengthen territorial management of competition activities and seriously investigate and deal with illegal competitions in conjunction with relevant departments. The third is to widely accept social supervision. Parents and people from all walks of life are welcome to give feedback to the Supervision Department of Off-campus Education and Training of the Ministry of Education (mailing address: Supervision Department of Off-campus Education and Training of the Ministry of Education, No.37 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, postal code: 100816, e-mail address: xwjg2021@163.com).

　　At the same time, students and parents are reminded to keep their eyes open, carefully distinguish and consciously resist illegal competition activities outside the List, especially those that collect fees under the banner of competition, so as to prevent victims.

　　8. When will the next competition declaration and evaluation begin?

　　A: According to the Administrative Measures, the list of competition activities is dynamically adjusted every three years. After the publication of the List, the next round (2025-2028 school year) of competition declaration and evaluation will be carried out in three years (2025). At that time, the relevant notice will be issued in official website, China Education Association, so please pay attention.