What is the progress of China’s credit information system construction in recent years? The People’s Bank of China published a column for authoritative interpretation. The column pointed out that in recent years, the People’s Bank of China has followed the principles of rule of law, marketization and science and technology, and made positive progress in promoting the construction of credit information system.

　　Adhere to the orientation of central bank’s basic credit information service and continuously improve service quality and efficiency

　　The column pointed out that the basic database of financial credit information built and operated by the Credit Information Center of the People’s Bank of China has become the most populous credit information collection system in the world. Inquiring about credit reports has become a necessary link for financial institutions to carry out credit business and risk prevention and control, which provides strong support for the sound development of financial services to the real economy. By the end of September, 2023, the basic database of financial credit information had included 1.164 billion information of natural persons and 127 million information of enterprises and other organizations, and multiple inquiry channels such as artificial window, self-service inquiry machine and online inquiry had been built. In September, the average daily query volume was about 14 million times.

　　The Credit Information Center of the People’s Bank of China has continuously expanded its service system to help enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, develop their financing. We continued to improve the accounts receivable financing service platform. By the end of September 2023, the platform had contributed to 470,000 financing transactions with an amount of 20.1 trillion yuan, including 384,000 financing transactions with an amount of 15.7 trillion yuan for small and medium-sized enterprises. We will continue to improve the unified registration and publicity system for movable property financing and provide nationwide movable property financing registration and inquiry services. By the end of September 2023, the system had handled 28.569 million movable property financing registrations and provided 180 million inquiries.

　　Vigorously develop the multi-level credit information market and widely cover the social credit information needs.

　　The column pointed out that the People’s Bank of China adheres to the "government+market" two-wheel drive, and cultivates the credit information market to meet social needs in all directions and at multiple levels.

　　First, actively and steadily develop personal credit reporting agencies. In 2018 and 2020, individual credit agencies Baixing Credit Information Co., Ltd. and Park Dao Credit Information Co., Ltd. were approved, and the two institutions were established in 2023. In September, 28.2 billion credit information services were provided to realize the sharing and application of personal non-credit alternative data. The second is to guide enterprise credit reporting agencies to improve service quality and efficiency. 149 credit reporting agencies for enterprises on record integrate information such as enterprise registration, production and operation, contract performance, and provide products such as credit report, credit score, anti-fraud, joint modeling, decision support, etc., in 2023 1-mdash; In September, 16.4 billion credit information services were provided. The third is to deepen the construction of local credit information platform. Promote the establishment of 30 provincial-level local credit information platforms nationwide, connecting 2,502 local government departments, public utilities and other data source units. 1-mdash in 2023; In September, local credit information platforms helped 1,527,900 enterprises to obtain loans of 5.5 trillion yuan.

　　Actively promote the development of credit rating market and enhance the comprehensive strength and international influence of China’s rating agencies.

　　The column pointed out that the rating system is an important arrangement in the financial market. The People’s Bank of China promotes the development of rating market with institutional management as the core, and constantly enhances the comprehensive strength and international influence of China’s rating agencies.

　　The first is to optimize the credit rating market structure. There are 52 rating agencies for record in China, and a market structure in which various forms of ownership coexist has basically taken shape. 1-mdash in 2023; In September, it provided 17,000 bond market rating and credit market rating services. The second is to steadily promote the opening up of credit ratings. Standard & Poor’s Global Rating Company and Fitch Ratings Co., Ltd. entered the China market in the form of sole proprietorship, while Moody’s Investors Service Company exhibited its business in the form of joint venture. Third, the internationalization process of local rating agencies has achieved initial results, international cooperation and exchanges in rating have become increasingly frequent, and overseas rating business has been continuously expanded. New breakthroughs have been made in overseas regulatory accreditation of local rating agencies. Five rating agencies have won seats in the BRICS Business Council, four rating agencies have joined the Asian Credit Rating Association, and three rating agencies have become members of the International Capital Market Association.

　　Strengthen the supervision of credit reporting in an all-round way and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects

　　The column pointed out that protecting the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects is the cornerstone of credit reporting work, and it is also an important goal for the People’s Bank of China to carry out credit reporting supervision.

　　The first is to form a legal system of credit information with regulations as the guide and regulations as the main body. In January 2013, after the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of Credit Information Industry, the People’s Bank of China issued a series of regulations, such as the Measures for the Administration of Credit Information Institutions, the Measures for the Administration of Credit Information Business and the Interim Measures for the Administration of Credit Rating Industry, which provided legal protection for the healthy development of the credit information industry. Second, strict supervision in an all-round way and continuous improvement of the governance system of the credit reporting industry. Strengthen the on-site inspection of access institutions, credit reporting institutions and rating agencies of the basic database of financial credit information; Improve the off-site supervision framework, improve the timeliness, effectiveness and pertinence of supervision, and significantly improve the operational compliance of various institutions. The third is to strengthen the publicity of credit information, relying on the "3.15" Consumer Rights Protection Day, "6.14" Credit Records Care Day and other nodes to continue to carry out credit information popularization activities, and successively set up columns such as "the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the Regulations on the Administration of Credit Information Industry" and "a new journey of ten years of credit information" to popularize credit information, enhance social credit awareness and promote the concept of honesty and trustworthiness to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Revise and improve the "Procedures for Handling Credit Complaints", handle the rights and interests of the masses in accordance with the law and regulations, and effectively protect the rights and interests of the masses.

　　Promote the high-quality development of the credit information industry

　　The column pointed out that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will adhere to the service tenet of credit reporting for the people, firmly anchor the goal of serving the real economy and preventing financial risks, constantly improve the credit reporting system covering the whole society, and enhance the supply capacity and operational quality and efficiency of the credit reporting system.

　　First, continuously improve the multi-level credit information system and optimize the market layout. Adhere to the two-wheel drive direction of "government+market" and promote the construction of basic credit information and market-oriented credit information system of the central bank. Continuously improve the basic database of financial credit information, continuously expand the types of credit information, enrich service channels, and consolidate the status of the central bank’s basic credit information service; Deepen the construction of accounts receivable financing service platform and unified registration and publicity system for movable property financing, and help the virtuous circle of industrial chain supply chain. Based on market demand and guided by releasing the vitality of data elements, we will promote the development and growth of credit reporting institutions and provide diversified credit reporting products and services. Further promote the construction of local credit information platform, further optimize the system and mechanism of credit information sharing and application in local government affairs and public utilities, and enhance the ability of sustainable development.

　　The second is to continuously enhance the strength of rating agencies and enhance their international competitiveness. Support powerful financial technology forces to enter the rating market, encourage stock institutions to integrate and grow, enhance market strength and improve the overall quality of the industry. Create a healthy and orderly rating ecological environment and enhance the independence and credibility of rating agencies. Encourage rating agencies to "go global", expand overseas rating markets, and enhance international competitiveness and international influence.

　　The third is to promote social credit legislation and promote the high-quality development of the credit information industry with strict supervision. Deepen the top-level design of social credit system and credit information system construction in social credit legislation, improve credit information market access conditions and business rules, and promote the modernization of credit information industry governance capacity. We will strictly strengthen the supervision of credit information in an all-round way, improve the supervision system and standards, enrich the means of supervision, improve the efficiency of supervision, build a dam for information security, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people, and make every effort to promote the healthy development of the credit information market.

　　(CCTV reporter Dong Bin)

　　The staff introduced the employment situation of the network platform for the over-age migrant workers. Photo by Cheng Zhihui

　　Reading tips

　　In Tianjin Binhai New Area, where there are many construction workers, the water cat craftsman platform has identified the employment pain points of over-age migrant workers. At present, thousands of recruitment enterprises have settled in the platform, and more than 6,000 over-age migrant workers have found jobs every year, achieving employment income of several hundred million yuan for them every year.

　　On the morning of May 5th, it was just dawn, and 60-year-old Qin Xueling, together with six workers, took the special car provided by Shuimao Craftsman (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd. to the Wanda project site of North China Branch of China Construction Eighth Bureau and started a day’s cleaning work. This is one of the jobs that Master Qin has been engaged in since he transformed from a builder.

　　"In order to expand the employment channels for over-age migrant workers, we have developed and established an Internet platform for water cat craftsmen to find jobs (hereinafter referred to as the water cat craftsman platform), and adopted ‘ Online+offline ’ A combination of ways to help over-age migrant workers achieve transformational employment. " Yang Zhiyong, founder of Water Cat Craftsman Platform, said.

　　Screen to screen, online "good work"

　　At present, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places across the country have issued regulations to regulate the employment of over-age migrant workers in the construction industry. "It is forbidden for men over 60 years old and women over 50 years old to enter the construction site to engage in construction operations", and the introduction of the policy has caused many over-age migrant workers to lose employment opportunities.

　　In Tianjin Binhai New Area, where there are many construction workers, the Water Cat Craftsman Platform was established to identify the employment pain points of over-age migrant workers, and it can provide a large number of job information and employment opportunities for over-age migrant workers.

　　Qin Xueling was originally a plumber in Tianjin Senyi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. After leaving the construction site two years ago because of his age, he began to register for orders on the water cat craftsman platform.

　　"There are a lot of jobs published on the platform. Once I took a job to repair the faucet, which was finished in an hour, and I was paid by 100 yuan. Another time, the customer’s electricity meter always tripped. I quickly found the reason after I went to the door. I installed a socket in his kitchen, and 100 yuan got it again. " Speaking of orders received online, Master Qin is like a few treasures.

　　What makes him most happy is that every time he finishes his work, he pays in cash, unlike a month at the construction site, or even the end of the year. "When the children need money urgently, I can take it out at any time." He said that the income of seven or eight thousand yuan per month gives him confidence.

　　Master Hou, 61, is also a beneficiary of the platform. Different from working as a coolie on a construction site, he often receives some cleaning and greening work on the platform. "These jobs are not as dangerous as those on construction sites. I am quite satisfied with the income of several thousand yuan per month." He told reporters.

　　Behind these "good jobs" in the mouth of over-age migrant workers is the hard work of the staff of the Water Cat Craftsman Platform. Without waiting for the initiative, they visited the major employment enterprises in Tianjin, collected the employment demand in time, docked the employment information with enterprises every day, and released it on the platform for free at the first time.

　　It is understood that thousands of recruitment enterprises have settled in the platform. Since its establishment three years ago, it has found jobs for more than 6,000 over-age migrant workers every year, and achieved employment income of several hundred million yuan for them every year.

　　Face to face, big market to achieve flexible employment

　　"A few days ago, I found a job in a big market to tile an owner. One day in 400 yuan, I worked for 6 days and earned 2,400 yuan." Zhang Qingfa said.

　　The big market mentioned by Zhang Qingfa refers to Tianjin Bincheng Flexible Employment Service Center, whose predecessor was the labor market for migrant workers.

　　According to Master Zhang, he came out as a builder at the age of 18 and worked for half his life. He can plaster, build walls and set bricks. After coming down from the construction site, he took the job in the big market, and his time was relatively free, and he could take two days off every month according to his own situation.

　　"If you work hard, you will earn about 10,000 yuan a month, which is similar to the income on construction sites before. I intend to work for two more years while I still have the strength, and save more money to go back to my hometown in Hubei to support the elderly. " Zhang Qingfa said.

　　Master Lian, from Handan, Hebei Province, often went to the big market to find work after leaving Tianjin Senyiyuan Construction and Installation Engineering Co., Ltd. "The staff are particularly enthusiastic and help us to contact the work. I am currently doing odd jobs in the wanda plaza project and I can earn more than 200 yuan a day. " He told reporters.

　　"We take ‘ Please come in ’ In the new model, more employment enterprises are invited to the service center labor market, and more over-age migrant workers can find suitable jobs here through offline point-to-point and face-to-face direct recruitment. " Xue Guili, head of Bincheng Flexible Employment Service Center, said.

　　It is understood that the center has also established long-term cooperative relations with nearly 60 property companies. Every year, Tianjin Jinyu Property Management Co., Ltd. alone recommends more than 150 over-age migrant workers to engage in security and cleaning work to help them achieve employment.

　　Free service, sincere help

　　While sparing no effort to provide jobs for over-age migrant workers, Water Cat Craftsman (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd. also improves their quality and skills and broadens employment channels through free study, free training and free provision of business premises.

　　"Most of the over-age migrant workers have a relatively low level of education and education. We have set up online free learning courses on the platform of water cat craftsmen, such as electrician courses and welder courses. Through small videos, they can master basic operations and conduct safety knowledge training." Xue Guili said.

　　The company also provided 400 square meters of business space for Qin Junyun, an over-age migrant worker, to support him to change jobs and start businesses to promote employment.

　　"In addition to the free business premises, utilities are also exempted. Now my monthly turnover reaches 70,000 to 80,000 yuan, which has driven many migrant workers to find jobs, and I also earn about 10,000 yuan a month." Qin Junyun of Tianjin Shihuang Catering Co., Ltd. said.

　　For migrant workers who work hard all the year round, they are not afraid of being tired and tired. What they are most afraid of is that they can’t get paid after finishing their work, and they are even more afraid of being injured at work.

　　In order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the Water Cat Craftsman Platform has set up free legal consultation services, and also opened a consultation window in the service center. Every week, lawyers are regularly invited to answer questions for migrant workers, help them defend their rights and let them work with peace of mind.

　　Bincheng Flexible Employment Service Center is the second home for over-aged migrant workers. Since the opening of the service center, they no longer have to work under the bridge and on the side of the road as before, and they no longer worry that there is nowhere to hide in the wind and rain.

　　"The service center is wonderful, with hot water to drink", "There are tables, chairs and benches to rest" and "Give us free kits, rice flour oil and drinks" … … At the interview site, the over-age migrant workers told reporters word by word.

　　Not long ago, Song Duanjiang, an over-aged migrant worker from Heilongjiang, had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage while waiting for work and was taken to the hospital by his fellow villagers. When the service center learned about it, it sent him 2000 yuan solatium. Seeing the staff of the service center, Lao Song, who was lying in his hospital bed, held their hands for a long time, just like seeing his relatives.

　　"When Lao Song is fully recovered, we will help him to contact the security guard, so that he can have a stable income and work in Tianjin with peace of mind." Xue Guili said.

　 　　Author:Dean, School of Marxism, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National School of Administration) Zhang Zhanbin, Professor, School of Marxism, Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration) Huang Kun

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target for the Year 2035", which highlighted the leading role of the new development concept and emphasized that "the new development concept should run through the whole development process and all fields". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "It must be emphasized that the development of the new era and new stage must implement the new development concept and must be high-quality development." Implementing the new development concept involves the change of thinking mode, behavior mode and work mode, and involves the adjustment of social relations, interest relations and work relations, which is the development concept to achieve high-quality development during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. The establishment of a new development concept is always accompanied by the destruction of the old development concept. To implement the new development concept, we must comprehensively innovate the development system, reshape the development ecology, break through difficulties and build mechanisms in solving the development momentum and enhancing the integrity, coordination, balance and inclusiveness of development, so that various reform measures can take root and ensure that the new concept can be transformed into new practices and new actions.

　　Cultivate a strong driving force to lead development and build an innovative development system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China’s modernization, take self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology as the strategic support for national development, face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and innovation-driven development, improve the national innovation system, and accelerate the construction of a strong country through science and technology.

　　The first is to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength. We will formulate an action plan for strengthening the country through science and technology, improve the new nationwide system under the conditions of socialist market economy, fight hard on key core technologies, and improve the overall efficiency of innovation chain.

　　The second is to enhance the technological innovation capability of enterprises. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation, and promote all kinds of innovation elements to gather in enterprises. Promote the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, support enterprises to take the lead in setting up innovative consortia and undertake major national science and technology projects; Give play to the important role of entrepreneurs in technological innovation, encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development, and implement tax incentives for enterprises to invest in basic research; Give play to the leading and supporting role of large enterprises, support innovative small and medium-sized enterprises to grow into important birthplaces of innovation, strengthen the construction of common technology platforms, and promote the integration and innovation of middle and lower reaches, large, medium and small enterprises in the industrial chain.

　　The third is to further promote the reform of the science and technology system and improve the national science and technology governance system. Optimize the national science and technology planning system and operation mechanism, and promote the integrated allocation of projects, bases, talents and funds in key areas. Improve the organization and management of scientific and technological projects, improve the evaluation mechanism of science and technology, accelerate the reform of scientific research institutes, strengthen intellectual property protection, increase investment in research and development, improve the financial support innovation system, carry forward the scientific spirit and craftsman spirit, improve the ethical system of science and technology, and promote the open cooperation of science and technology.

　　Enhance the comprehensive efficiency of overall development and build a coordinated development system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the implementation of major regional strategies, regional coordinated development strategies and main functional area strategies, improve the system and mechanism of regional coordinated development, improve the new urbanization strategy, and build a high-quality land spatial layout and support system.

　　First, we should thoroughly implement the overall strategy of regional development. Promote the development of the western region to form a new pattern, make new breakthroughs in the revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization. Support the old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas to accelerate their development, strengthen the construction of border areas, and promote the prosperity and enrichment of the border areas and the stability and consolidation of the border areas.

　　Second, we must vigorously promote the coordinated development within the dominant growth pole. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei with the function of relieving Beijing’s non-capital as the "bull’s nose", promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt with the guidance of joint protection and no development, accelerate the integration process of the Yangtze River Delta, actively build Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and build a world-class urban agglomeration.

　　Third, we should promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Accelerate the citizenization of agricultural transfer population, and promote the agricultural transfer population who have the ability to work and live stably in cities and towns to settle down with their families and enjoy the same rights and obligations as urban residents. We will further implement the rural revitalization strategy and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in accordance with the general requirements of industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and affluent life.

　　Fourth, we should promote the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization. While building a highly developed material civilization, we should vigorously promote the construction of spiritual civilization and ensure that the achievements of the "two civilizations" are shared by all the people.

　　Adhere to resource conservation and ecological protection and build a green development system and mechanism.

　　In-depth implementation of the sustainable development strategy, improve the overall coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization, build an ecological civilization construction system, promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development, and build a harmonious and symbiotic modernization between man and nature.

　　First, we must start from the source, reshape the endogenous dynamic mechanism, and form a green development mode and lifestyle. Accelerate the establishment of legal system and policy guidance for green production and consumption, establish and improve the economic system of green and low-carbon circular development, and build a market-oriented green technological innovation system.

　　Second, we must comprehensively strengthen the construction of an ecological civilization system. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of an eco-cultural system based on ecological values, an eco-economic system with industrial ecologicalization and eco-industrialization as the main body, a target responsibility system with improving the quality of the eco-environment as the core, a system of ecological civilization system with modernization of governance system and governance capacity as the guarantee, and an ecological security system with emphasis on a virtuous cycle of ecosystems and effective prevention and control of environmental risks.

　　Third, we should focus on solving outstanding environmental problems and build an environmental governance system with the government as the leading factor, enterprises as the main body, social organizations and the public participating together. By raising pollution discharge standards, strengthening the responsibility of polluters, improving environmental credit evaluation, mandatory disclosure of information, severe punishment and other systems, the most prominent environmental problems can be fundamentally solved.

　　Adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world and build an open development system and mechanism.

　　Insist on opening to the outside world in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level, and rely on the advantages of China’s big market to promote international cooperation and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.

　　First, comprehensively improve the level of opening up to the outside world, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, promote trade innovation and development, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign trade.

　　Second, improve the national treatment plus negative list management system before foreign investment access, expand the service industry to the outside world in an orderly manner, protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-funded enterprises according to law, improve the laws, policies and service systems for promoting and guaranteeing overseas investment, firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises overseas, and realize high-quality introduction and high-level going out.

　　The third is to improve the layout of the free trade pilot zone, give it greater autonomy in reform, steadily promote the construction of Hainan free trade port, and build a new highland for opening up.

　　Fourth, steadily and cautiously promote the internationalization of RMB, adhere to market-driven and independent choice of enterprises, and create a new mutually beneficial cooperative relationship based on the free use of RMB. Give full play to the platform role of China International Import Expo and other important exhibitions.

　　Fifth, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, adhere to equal consultation, mutual benefit and win-win, promote the G 20 and other countries to play the role of international economic cooperation, and promote the improvement of a more just and rational global economic governance system.

　　Promote and maintain social fairness and justice, and build a shared development system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and end result of development, do our best and do what we can, improve the basic public service system, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, solidly promote common prosperity, continuously enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security, and promote the all-round development of people and social progress.

　　The first is to develop fairer and better quality education. Deepen education reform, improve the quality of education, promote education equity, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, so that every school-age child can receive a fair and high-quality education, so that all people can share the dividend of education reform.

　　The second is to achieve higher quality employment. Adhere to the employment priority strategy, put the employment priority policy at the macro policy level, completely break down the barriers and identity discrimination in the employment and entrepreneurial markets, improve the entrepreneurial support policies, build a good entrepreneurial platform, create a new engine for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and create more opportunities to participate in shared development.

　　Third, comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China. Put the protection of people’s health in the strategic position of priority development, adhere to the policy of putting prevention first, thoroughly implement the Healthy China Action, improve the national health promotion policy, weave the national public health protection network, and provide people with all-round and full-cycle health services.

　　The fourth is to strengthen the construction of social security system. Establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system, implement the national insurance plan, basically achieve full coverage of statutory personnel, achieve national overall planning of basic pensions for employees, establish a reasonable adjustment mechanism for basic pensions, fully implement the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, coordinate the social assistance system, and promote the integration of relevant systems to ensure the basic livelihood of people in need.

　　The fifth is to narrow the income gap and move towards common prosperity. We should examine the relationship between fairness and efficiency from the strategic perspective of the transformation of major social contradictions, strengthen and innovate social governance, divide the "cake" while making it bigger, ensure that the development results benefit all the people, let the people have more sense of gain, and promote social fairness and justice.

　　Sixth, strengthen and innovate social governance. Improve the social governance system, improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of party organizations, improve the grassroots democratic consultation system, realize the benign interaction between government governance and social regulation and residents’ autonomy, and build a social governance community that everyone is responsible, everyone is responsible and everyone enjoys.

　　● Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the "Negative List of Market Access (2019 Edition)" to the public, with a total of 131 items included, a reduction of 13% compared with 20 items last year. At the same time, 23 negative lists of market access compiled and published by various regions were cancelled, and the "one list for the whole country" system was more perfect.

　　● This year’s list has released a number of gold-bearing approvals, including "qualification approval of fire technical service institutions", "establishment approval of vocational skill appraisal institutions", "establishment permission of old-age care institutions" and "establishment permission of social welfare institutions". By further relaxing market access and breaking the entry threshold, the market vitality in the above fields will be effectively stimulated.

　　● The 2019 version of the negative list has improved the unified code system, which is unified with the codes used by local government information platforms and the codes of the unified credit management credit platform, creating conditions for better carrying out "one list and one network" in the future.

　　□ Our reporter Wan Jing

　　Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the "Negative List of Market Access (2019 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Negative List of 2019 Edition") to the public, with a total of 131 items included, a decrease of 20 items compared with last year, with a reduction ratio of 13%. At the same time, 23 negative lists of market access categories compiled and published by various regions were cancelled, and the "one national list" system was more perfect.

　　It is understood that the 2019 version of the negative list is the first annual revision since the full implementation of the market access negative list system. In the form of list, the system clearly lists the industries, fields, businesses, etc. in which investment and operation are prohibited and restricted in China. Outside the list, all kinds of market entities can enter equally according to law. By innovating the government management and governance mechanism, the system provides a good institutional support for the whole economic operation and the breeding of the vitality of market players in China.

　　Since 2016, China has launched negative list pilots in Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong provinces and cities. In 2017, the pilot scope was expanded to 15 provinces and cities. In December 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce officially issued the Negative List of Market Access (2018 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the Negative List of 2018 Edition), marking that China’s negative list system of market access has entered a new stage of full implementation.

　　The negative list continues to shorten.

　　Effectively stimulate market vitality

　　"It is a major feature of the 2019 version of the negative list to be short and short, and continue to promote the shortening of the negative list length." Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price of the National Development and Reform Commission, said.

　　Previously, the 2018 version of the negative list included two categories: "forbidden access" and "permitted access", with a total of 151 items and 581 specific management measures. Compared with the previous negative list of the pilot version, the number of items decreased by 177 and the number of specific management measures decreased by 288.

　　The revision of the negative list of the 2019 edition is based on the principles of accurate positioning, legality and effectiveness, unified standardization, and short energy. While further ensuring the stability and continuity of the negative list of the 2018 edition, it will be increased or decreased according to the actual situation. Judging from the revised results, there are currently 131 items and 568 management measures in the negative list of the 2019 edition, which is 20 items less than the original and 13 management measures.

　　What licensing items will be reduced or removed from the negative list? First of all, it is inappropriate, and second, it does not conform to the positioning.

　　The most typical example of "untimely" is the licensing system of pawn industry. Due to some inconsistencies with the current economic and social development, this license has been removed from the negative list in 2019 after coordinating relevant departments.

　　At the same time, this revision has removed a large number of social regulations, national security regulations and other targets from the list, which has accurately defined the scope of application of the list and ensured the stability and continuity of the list. For example, measures such as "issuance of ship safety inspection certificate" and "approval of salvaging or dismantling sunken ships and objects in coastal waters" that do not meet the positioning of the list are removed.

　　In addition, the measures of the same object in different investment and operation links or similar objects in the same investment and operation link are optimized and merged to improve the convenience of using the list.

　　The reporter of Legal Daily noticed that this year’s list released a number of gold-bearing approvals, including the qualification approval of fire technical service institutions, the establishment approval of vocational skill appraisal institutions, the establishment permission of old-age care institutions and the establishment permission of social welfare institutions. By further relaxing market access and breaking the entry threshold, the market vitality in the above fields will be effectively stimulated.

　　Among the industries that have liberalized the market access threshold, the market opening for the establishment of licenses for old-age care institutions is the most eye-catching. With the aging of our country, the market development prospect of the old-age care industry is expected, and liberalizing the market access threshold of such industries will greatly promote the healthy development of the old-age care industry in China.

　　In fact, before the opening of the market for the aged care industry at the national level, some places have already tried first.

　　In February 2019, the Civil Affairs Department of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province issued the Notice of the General Office of the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Comprehensively Opening the Aged Care Service Market to Improve the Quality of Aged Care Services, explicitly canceling the license for the establishment of aged care institutions, implementing filing management according to regulations, and making efforts to relax market access, streamline examination and approval procedures, implement land security, reduce taxes and fees, improve service quality, and accelerate the development of aged care services by fully opening the market and improving service quality.

　　The circular pointed out that foreign investors are encouraged to set up private for-profit and non-profit pension institutions in Guangzhou. We will fully implement the fair competition review system in the field of aged care services. Non-local investors will enjoy the same policy treatment as local investors when holding aged care services. Private non-profit aged care institutions established by overseas investors will enjoy the same preferential policies as domestic investors, and it is forbidden to set additional conditions and access thresholds for social capital, non-local capital and overseas capital separately.

　　In September 2019, the Health and Health Commission of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province and other five departments issued the Notice on Strengthening the Examination, Approval, Registration and Filing of Institutions Combining Medical Care and Nursing Care, which clearly stipulated that the medical department in the old-age care institution would cancel the examination and approval, and the establishment of the old-age care institution would no longer be licensed, and the newly established institutions combining medical care and nursing care would implement the filing system.

　　Implement a national list

　　Actively achieve comprehensive coverage.

　　Why should we establish the management system of negative list of market access? According to Guo Liyan, the original market governance method may be more of a positive list and positive management method. As an investor in the market, if you want to enter a certain field, you need to go to the relevant authorities to check their relevant management documents before you can decide how to pass this procedure.

　　When the market access negative list system is established, what investors need to do is to see if there is this item on the negative list. If it has been listed, then it can’t be engaged; If it is not listed, you can invest and enter in the fields and industries not listed in the list and engage in related production and business activities.

　　This revision adheres to comprehensive coverage. Specifically, there are 5 items of prohibited access, 126 items of permitted access, 105 items of 18 national economic sectors, 10 items of Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government, 7 items of Catalogue of Prohibited Permissions for Internet Market Access, and 4 items of credit supervision and other matters.

　　What items have been retained in the 2019 negative list, or what items have been added?

　　It is understood that the negative list is included in the newly established access measures in time, and some access measures that meet the positioning of the list are added. According to the implementation of the 2018 version of the negative list, combined with the opinions of relevant departments and localities, a small number of access measures that meet the positioning of the list, such as "raw milk transportation, raw milk purchase station license" and "qualification examination and approval of waste electrical and electronic products processing enterprises", were included to improve the completeness of the list.

　　In addition, the negative list in 2019 further enriches local access measures. According to local opinions, after the legality review, the legally established access measures such as "issuance of approval certificate for health products (Jilin)" and "issuance of local railway operation license (including temporary operation license) (Hebei)" will be included to better take into account regional differences.

　　More importantly, in order to fully implement the "National One List" management requirements, the 2019 version of the negative list included the "negative list of industrial access in local national key ecological function area and major agricultural products producing areas (or prohibited restricted list)". So far, all the national market access management measures such as industrial structure, government investment, Internet and main functional areas have been included, and the "National One List" system has been improved.

　　In view of the problem of "too many negative lists", 23 market access negative lists compiled and published by various regions were cancelled, effectively putting an end to the situation of "negative lists flying all over the sky" and enhancing the seriousness, authority and unity of the lists.

　　Guo Liyan said: "With the gradual improvement of the dynamic correction mechanism of the negative list, more investors and enterprises may pay attention to the dynamic correction of this negative list every year. What content is removed from the list and what content is added to the list, and there may be more investors as the basis for supporting their strategic investment in the future. "

　　Gao Qin Wei, a professor at the Law School of Minzu University of China, believes that canceling the negative list compiled by each region and realizing the full coverage of national market access have effectively put an end to the phenomenon of "single-entry" and prohibiting and restricting market access. Only by adhering to "one list for the whole country" can China’s negative list system really play its role.

　　Unified coding of list items

　　Help optimize the business environment

　　According to Guo Liyan, another major feature of the 2019 version of the negative list is to clearly list the competent departments and complete the unified coding of the list items, "one network can be done at a glance".

　　On July 9, 2014, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting Fair Competition in the Market and Maintaining Normal Market Order", which clearly stated that it is necessary to build a modern market system that is unified, open, orderly in competition, honest and law-abiding, and with strong supervision, and accelerate the formation of a market supervision pattern with clear rights and responsibilities, fairness and justice, transparency and high efficiency, and legal protection, and called for the reform of the market access system and the establishment of a negative list of market access.

　　The 2018 version of the negative list brings revelry to market investors, but it also brings confusion, that is, although the approval items are clear, it is difficult to figure out who to look for. In particular, the same examination and approval items are expressed differently in different regions and at different levels, which makes market participants at a loss.

　　Guo Liyan introduced that the 2019 version of the negative list has improved the unified code system, which is unified with the codes used by local government information platforms and unified credit management credit platform codes, creating conditions for better carrying out "one list and one network" in the future.

　　"If you are the main market investor, you will find that the changes around you are very obvious after this list is published. The management mode of government-related departments has changed from positive, compartmentalized and procedural to a more flat, more open and transparent negative list operation mode. The main purpose is to stabilize the expectations of micro-subjects, and hope that micro-subjects dare to invest and are willing to invest. " Guo Liyan said.

　　Ren Qiming, an assistant professor at the School of Civil and Commercial Economics of China University of Political Science and Law, believes that market access should be further relaxed and government functions should be transformed on the basis of fairness, transparency and openness. In the market access, the examination and approval department should also be clear, open and transparent. On the one hand, listing the competent departments will help market participants to clearly know the government service departments for market access, on the other hand, it will also help to control the management of market access in China as a whole and macroscopically.

　　Ren Qiming believes that the premise of optimizing the business environment is the optimization of the market access mechanism. The revision of the negative list in the 2019 edition removed and liberalized some management measures, which means that the liberalization of the corresponding market access links is precisely to reform the institutional and institutional factors of market access from the source and further optimize the business environment.

　　Gao Qin Wei believes that the negative list of market access is constantly being "subtracted". No matter whether it is a state-owned enterprise, a private enterprise or a mixed-ownership enterprise, whether it is domestic or foreign, whether it is a large enterprise or a small or medium-sized enterprise, all of them are treated equally and enjoy the same market access conditions. At the same time, further standardizing the management authority and measures of governments at all levels in the market access link is conducive to breaking all forms of unreasonable restrictions and hidden barriers and stimulating the vitality of various market entities, especially the non-public economy.

　　Guo Liyan suggested that the hidden barriers in market access should be further removed in the future. Some market participants report that some items have been removed from the negative list of market access, but in the specific access process, they will still encounter such barriers. In the future, we should make a targeted list of hidden barriers, and investigate and solve them item by item.

　　Cartography/Gao Yue　　

Since the beginning of this year, the domestic price operation has continued to differentiate. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the ex-factory price index (PPI) of industrial producers increased by 1.7% year-on-year in February, while the consumer price index (CPI) decreased by 0.2% year-on-year.

As an economic indicator that reflects the price changes in the production field and consumption field in a certain period, why does the "scissors difference" between PPI and CPI widen? What does the differentiation of the two trends mean?

Trend differentiation of CPI and PPI

Since the beginning of this year, CPI has been running in a negative range for two consecutive months. According to the data in February, CPI decreased by 0.2% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 0.1 percentage point narrower than that of last month. Among them, the price of food changed from 1.6% last month to 0.2%, which affected the CPI by about 0.05 percentage points.

Tang Jianwei, chief researcher of the Bank of Communications Financial Research Center, said that due to the high base of pork prices at the beginning of last year, pork prices fell by 14.9% in February this year, a significant increase of 11 percentage points over the previous month. The pulling effect of pork price on CPI is -0.4% year-on-year, which is an important reason for the decline of food price increase.

The year-on-year increase in PPI continued to expand on the basis of turning positive in January. In February, it rose by 1.7% year-on-year, an increase of 1.4 percentage points over the previous month. From the ring comparison, PPI rose by 0.8%, and it was on the rise for 9 consecutive months. Affected by the continuous upward trend of international crude oil prices, the prices of domestic oil-related industries continue to rise; With the rising domestic demand and the rising international metal commodity prices, the prices of domestic ferrous metal mining and dressing industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry rose by 5.9%, 2.3% and 1.5% respectively.

"In theory, the changing trend of PPI and CPI should be basically synchronized. PPI represents the production sector and CPI represents the consumer sector. The price increase in the production sector usually causes the price increase in the consumer sector. However, from the recent data, the’ scissors difference’ between PPI and CPI is expanding, and there is an unsynchronized situation. " Wen Bin, chief researcher of China Minsheng Bank, said that on the one hand, the rise in commodity prices is the main reason for the accelerated recovery of PPI. On the other hand, the year-on-year increase of food prices with higher weight in CPI dropped significantly, especially the price of pork dropped significantly, which led to the negative growth of CPI at present.

Wen Bin believes that in the next stage, the trend of CPI is still affected by the structure. The economic recovery of major economies in the world, such as the United States, is likely to accelerate, and the increase in demand may drive commodity prices to continue to rise. Since March last year, China’s PPI has dropped significantly, and it is expected that commodity prices and cardinal utility will continue to push the PPI up.

What is the impact of the expansion of "scissors difference"

Wang Jun, chief economist of Zhongyuan Bank and member of the Academic Committee of China Center for International Economic Exchanges, believes that the main reason for the widening scissors gap is the uneven economic recovery. The acceleration of PPI is influenced by many factors. From the domestic factors, the steady economic recovery, especially the resilience of real estate investment, has driven the price of upstream raw materials to rise; From the perspective of international factors, economic recovery and inflation expectations are rising, and global re-inflation transactions are heating up. The prices of bulk commodities, such as crude oil and non-ferrous metals, continued to rise, which not only expanded China’s external demand through import channels, but also enhanced the enthusiasm of domestic commodity markets to do more through financial channels, which jointly promoted the imported price increase.

"CPI’s year-on-year increase shows signs of gradual stabilization at the bottom, but the overall situation does not have the basis for a sharp and rapid increase. The rapid recovery of investment and industry and the slow recovery of consumption and service industries are important reasons for the expansion of the’ scissors gap’, and this basic pattern will be strengthened in the first half of the year. " Wang Jun said, however, judging from the upstream and downstream transmission mechanisms and their respective influence mechanisms, the inflationary pressure is relatively limited in the short term and throughout the year, so there is no need to worry too much about the risk of inflation.

What impact will PPI have on economic operation if it deviates from CPI? Wen Bin believes that the widening "scissors gap" reflects that the foundation of the current social aggregate demand recovery is still not stable. In the case of fierce competition in downstream industries, the price increase of upstream raw materials is difficult to be transmitted by price, which may lead to the "scissors difference" between PPI and CPI, and the "knife edge" may be expanded, which will bring certain difficulties and pressures to the operation of downstream production enterprises. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain the stability and continuity of policies and focus on stabilizing and expanding aggregate demand.

Prices will remain moderate throughout the year.

For the annual price trend, Guo Liyan, director of the Institute of Market and Price of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, believes that in the later period, CPI is expected to return to the moderate growth range, showing a trend of "low before and then stable" during the year, with a slight increase throughout the year; The year-on-year increase of PPI may continue to expand, reaching a relatively high point in the middle of the year. However, the domestic industrial production capacity and supply are sufficient, the market circulation is smooth, and there will be no sustained sharp increase. It is expected that the year will show a trend of "low at both ends and high in the middle", which is generally in a reasonable range.

Tang Jianwei believes that although CPI is at a low level, the new price increase factor has increased significantly since the beginning of the year, indicating that demand is improving. The economic recovery is superimposed with the hikes, and the CPI will rise to a positive value year-on-year, and the PPI increase will be further expanded. Overall, prices will run at a moderate level this year.

Although China’s annual price trend is expected to be moderate, experts also remind that the expansion of the "scissors difference" between CPI and PPI means that the economic recovery of various domestic departments is out of sync and the global economic recovery is out of sync. "The deviation between the two will increase the difficulty and complexity of macro-control to a certain extent." Wang Jun said.

In terms of policy response, Wang Jun suggested that, on the one hand, we should pay close attention to the impact of global economic recovery and re-inflation transactions on China’s price trend, closely track and effectively manage the imported risks of inflation this year, and avoid the increasing expectations of individuals, enterprises and even the market and the self-realization of inflation. On the other hand, the continuous change of internal and external demand puts forward new requirements for macro-policies, and it is necessary to balance short-term fluctuations and long-term development with cross-cycle regulation to solve structural and long-term problems in the process of economic development.

Wen Bin believes that it is still too early for the Fed to tighten monetary policy by raising interest rates, but if the economy recovers strongly in the second half of the year and inflation remains high, it will not be ruled out that the tightening effect will be achieved by reducing the scale of bond purchases, which will cause violent fluctuations in the global financial market. China’s macro-policy should pay close attention to the inflation trend at home and abroad, and be prepared for new shocks. (Reporter Xiong Li)

Original care for you and your family, healthy people and healthy people.

Physical examination season

Diet, medication and physical activity before physical examination have a great influence on the results of physical examination, sometimes important health information is omitted, and sometimes even "false abnormal results" are caused, which may lead to re-examination or further examination after physical examination. Therefore, before the physical examination, we should restore the truest physical condition to ensure the accuracy of the physical examination results.

Physical examination results that will "lie"

one

Fasting blood sugar: Before blood collection in the morning, it is generally necessary to fast for at least 8 hours, so you can’t eat after 8: 00 pm the day before physical examination (you can drink water at night, and don’t drink water or drink a little water in the morning of physical examination), otherwise the fasting blood sugar test value may be too high. Of course, if you haven’t eaten for a long time, such as more than 18 hours, or you are too hungry after strenuous activities in the morning, you may also have low fasting blood sugar, which may lead to inaccurate physical examination results.

2

Blood lipid: If you drink a lot of alcohol and eat a lot of meat or other high-fat foods before the physical examination, the blood lipid test results may be too high.

three

Liver function: Overeating high-protein food or doing strenuous exercise a few days before physical examination can cause the level of blood aminotransferase to increase. If you drink a lot of alcohol a few days before the physical examination, it may cause an increase in blood aminotransferase and/or bilirubin levels. Staying up late before physical examination may also lead to an increase in blood aminotransferase levels. After strenuous exercise, blood concentration may lead to an increase in serum total protein levels.

four

Renal function: Excessive intake of high-purine foods, such as beer, seafood and animal offal, may lead to an increase in serum uric acid.

five

Blood pressure and heart rate: staying up late before physical examination, poor sleep quality, strenuous activity, excessive tension, smoking, drinking tea or coffee can all lead to an increase in blood pressure and heart rate during physical examination.

The purpose of physical examination is to give the body a comprehensive "overhaul", so we can not deliberately change the previous eating and living habits for the sake of "beautiful" physical examination results; You can’t take the physical examination seriously, overeat unscrupulously, and keep your daily life before the physical examination.

one

What preparations do you need to make before physical examination?

1 3 ~ 5 days before physical examination: maintain daily diet and avoid staying up late; Take medicine regularly.

② 1 ~ 2 days before physical examination: No drinking, fasting after 8: 00 pm the day before physical examination; Take drugs regularly; Avoid strenuous exercise and ensure adequate sleep; It is recommended to take a bath the night before the physical examination.

③ Early morning on the day of physical examination: fasting (you can drink a small amount of boiled water, but it should not exceed 200ml; If you have made an appointment for gastroscopy, please don’t drink water), tea and drinks; Do not smoke; Avoid morning exercises; Daily fasting, regular medication; Please take daily non-fasting drugs with you and take them at meals after the fasting physical examination is completed; Go into battle lightly, wear loose clothes and shoes that are easy to put on and take off; Try not to wear accessories, especially metal objects.

④ Special preparation for women before physical examination: women should avoid taking medicine in the same room or vagina within 3 days before physical examination; If you want to do gynecological cervical cancer screening project (recommended by those with sexual history), you need to avoid the physiological period, at least after 3 days of clean menstruation; If you want to do a sex hormone test, it is recommended to take blood on the 3 rd to 5 th day of the physiological period.

2

Why do some physical examination items have to be completed on an empty stomach?

Before physical examination, it is usually recommended to have an empty stomach for 8-10 hours, because eating will affect the results of blood sugar, liver function, abdominal ultrasound, gastrointestinal tract and other examinations.

① Eating will increase the content of some substances in blood, which will affect the accuracy of test results, such as blood sugar, blood lipid and liver function.

② An empty stomach can empty the upper digestive tract, which can eliminate the influence of food retention on the imaging examination results.

③ In the morning, when the body is on an empty stomach, it is close to the basal metabolic state, and the examination results can reflect the actual situation of the body relatively truly.

three

How long is it appropriate to fast on an empty stomach in physical examination?

Fasting time varies with different examination items. The fasting of blood test requires fasting for more than 8 hours after dinner the day before, and the best blood drawing time the next day is from 6: 30 to 9: 30 in the morning, and no later than 10: 00. Because fasting for more than 12 hours, hormones secreted by the human body may affect biochemical indexes such as blood sugar, aminotransferase and urine ketone body, which can not accurately reflect the physical state and lose the significance of testing.

four

Physical examination should be on an empty stomach, not without taking medicine.

Some physical examination items do require fasting, but patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease should be treated differently, and stopping drugs rashly may have risks, such as sudden rise of blood pressure and myocardial ischemia.

① Antihypertensive drugs: It can be taken with a small amount of water during the usual medication time, and the physical examination can just know whether the blood pressure is up to standard.

② Hypoglycemic drugs: Can’t be taken on an empty stomach, usually taken after meals or during meals. During the physical examination, diabetic patients must take hypoglycemic drugs with them, and eat and take medicine in time after completing the fasting examination.

③ Other drugs taken regularly on weekdays: It is recommended to take them with you during physical examination, and consult the doctor whether and when to take them before physical examination.

five

Don’t drink plenty of water before physical examination, not that you can’t drink water.

It is no problem to drink a small amount of water before physical examination, for example, to take medicine. So, how much is a small amount of water? What kind of water can I drink?

A small amount of water means no more than 200ml of boiled water or mineral water. Remember, you must not drink drinks, wine, tea, coffee or dairy products, because these drinks containing sugar, protein or caffeine may suddenly raise blood sugar and affect the results of liver function tests.

six

Some blood tests do not require fasting.

Blood coagulation function, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thyroid function, rheumatism immunity and other items do not need fasting.

seven

How to effectively prevent needle fainting and blood fainting

It’s not terrible to get dizzy with needles and blood, it’s a normal protective reaction of the human body. If you have ever experienced needle fainting and blood fainting, you can inform the medical staff before taking blood; In the process of blood collection, look away from the puncture site and distract attention, such as active conversation. When there is aura of syncope, it can be adjusted by taking a deep breath; Don’t get up immediately after blood collection, so as not to faint and fall, sit still or lie down for a while, or drink warm boiled water or sugar water to relieve anxiety and tension.

eight

What are the precautions for leaving urine?

① Avoid drinking plenty of water and strenuous exercise before inspection.

② If it is difficult to take the first morning urine, you can take the second morning urine, which can also accurately reflect the basic situation of urine.

③ Avoid urine pollution caused by feces, semen and vaginal secretions, and women should avoid menstrual period.

④ Take the middle urine instead of the urine at the beginning and the end.

⑤ The container must be clean. Generally, hospitals will provide disposable containers, and fingers should avoid touching the inside of the container when holding the container.

Take the initiative to explain that the drugs taken, such as vitamin C, may affect the results of routine urine examination.

nine

What should I pay attention to when taking stool samples?

Routine fecal examination is one of the three routine examination items. Through the examination results, we can know whether the digestive tract, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and other organs are diseased.

① Tumors, inflammations or polyps in the intestine can damage the intestinal mucosa, lead to mucus exudation, capillary rupture, etc., which in turn leads to bloodshot feces, mucus or pus. Therefore, when taking stool samples, the parts with these abnormal appearances should be selected for inspection.

② When the digestive tract is infected by parasites, the feces will be mixed with parasites or eggs, and the distribution is uneven. Therefore, in order to improve the detection rate, more materials should be taken.

③ Vitamin C, iron, meat, liver, blood, chlorophyll-rich vegetables and iron-containing foods can make the fecal occult blood test false positive. Therefore, the tester should try not to take this kind of food or supplement 3 days before taking the specimen.

④ If urine, plants, soil, sewage and other impurities are mixed in the stool samples, the tangible components, plant seeds, pollen and fungal spores contained in them will easily interfere with the test results. Therefore, the feces collection box should be clean, and it should not be scooped from the urinal or the ground.

⑤ Absorbent materials such as diapers, toilet paper and cotton swabs can affect tangible components such as cells, thus affecting the accuracy of the results. Therefore, non-absorbent or leaky containers should also be selected to collect feces.

⑥ If it is not sent for inspection for a long time, the cellular components in feces will be destroyed and decomposed. Therefore, fecal samples should be tested within 2 hours after being taken.

Content source:

People’s Health Publishing House published "100,000 Health Why Series-Healthy Every Day"

Editor-in-chief of this book:

Wu Liuxin, former researcher of Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine.

Professor Peking University Chang Chun, an expert in the national health science expert database.

Author of this article:

Lin Yanhui Wang Yaqin Chen Ming Yang Saiqi Han Shuyi

Read the original text

January 12th

15th Congress of Xinchang County, the Communist Party of China (CPC)

Smooth opening

Take advantage of the situation and start a new game, bravely strive to climb new heights.

The convening of this conference has injected new kinetic energy into the development of Xinchang.

Arouse a heated discussion among women.

Let’s listen to the voices of Xinchang women.

Li Fang, Party Representative of the County, Party Secretary and Director of the County Investment Promotion Center —— Blowing the "Upgrade" Charge for Investment Promotion.

The report of the Party Congress puts forward that we should focus on "great changes in small counties" and promote common prosperity in the process of system reconstruction. Adhere to the digital reform as the guide, incite reforms in all fields of society, and stimulate the vitality of high-quality development.

Li Fang, Party Secretary and Director of the County Investment Promotion Center, told the reporter that in 2021, there were 39 investment promotion projects in our county, including 36 manufacturing projects, accounting for 92.3%. As the first stop of project investment, investment promotion and capital selection is the main switch to grasp investment and promote development. This year, the focus of investment promotion in our county will shift from high-end manufacturing to "investment promotion by integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries" with modern agriculture, characteristic cultural tourism and modern service industry.

In this year’s investment promotion work, our county listed agriculture as one of the important contents of investment promotion for the first time, striving to make great efforts in rural revitalization and beautiful countryside construction, and refreshing the new prospect of common prosperity. Relying on our county’s good ecological environment and tourism resources, we will strive for a number of beautiful countryside projects with outstanding themes and distinctive features. In terms of the secondary industry, our county will do a good job in industrial investment promotion "expanding quantity, improving quality and increasing efficiency", and strive to expand the economic aggregate, improve the enterprise echelon and consolidate the foundation of establishing the county. Grasp the landing rate of the project, promote the early success of the landing project, guide and promote the high-quality development of the project, and promote the industry to move towards the middle and high end. Strengthening investment promotion in service industry is helpful to build a happy and livable city. In the next stage, our county will gather strength to promote the gathering of well-known brands, create a new highland of "first store economy" in southern Shaoxing, focus on the cultural tourism industry to promote project investment, and at the same time exert its strength in the fields of medical care, education, and old-age care, and inject strong power into people’s livelihood reform.

"In the next step, we will always adhere to the No.1 project of investment promotion and capital selection, improve the top-level design according to the direction of’ integration of one, two, three industries and investment promotion’, improve the main structure of investment promotion, innovate investment promotion methods, optimize the working mechanism, and actively cooperate with each other to fight the tough battle of investment promotion and capital selection." Li Fang said.

Cai Yu, Party Representative of the County and Deputy Director of the County Highway and Transportation Management Center —— Make the "blood" of the road network smoother

"This party congress is a conference to carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future, marking that Xinchang is entering a new era with a brand-new attitude. I am very honored to participate as a representative." Cai Yu, deputy director of the County Highway and Transportation Management Center, said with excitement when interviewed by reporters, "The report of the Party Congress has the overall situation, a high position, rich connotations and inspiring, especially closely following the actual situation of Xinchang and planning the future traffic development goals, which has pointed out the direction path for us and strengthened our confidence and determination."

Based on his own post, Cai Yu introduced to reporters the development process of the county’s public transport industry from scratch and from scratch to excellent in recent years. "In recent years, Xinchang Highway has been based on its main business of maintenance, and has made every effort to fight the’ safe traffic’ promotion war, the tough battle of project construction, and the road maintenance and upgrading war, and the road condition level has maintained the leading position in the city. At the same time, we will strengthen the demonstration of beautiful roads, and successfully create a provincial demonstration county of "Four Good Rural Roads" and a county with a beautiful economic and traffic corridor in Wan Li, which has effectively promoted smoother traffic, more beautiful road capacity, safer driving, more convenient travel for citizens, and made the people feel a real sense of gain.

Stand at a new starting point and draw a new blueprint. Cai Yu introduced that common prosperity and transportation come first. In the next stage, they will take the opportunity of establishing a national model county of "Four Good Rural Roads" to comprehensively promote the high-quality development of "Four Good Rural Roads", open up resource roads, upgrade Tongjing Road, transform low-grade roads, weave the traffic network of Mi County, continue to maintain a good level of road conditions, and constantly promote the high-quality development of Xinchang Highway maintenance, so as to be a pioneer in traffic construction in order to become a county benchmark of common prosperity demonstration areas.

Pan Yu, Party Representative of the County and Deputy Director of the County Cultural Center —— Creating a "Big Garden" of Mass Culture

"As a cultural worker, we should dig deep into the cultural connotation, promote the integration of literature and tourism, realize enriching the people and benefiting the people, and do a good job in the construction of a’ small county garden and a Tang poetry cultural city’." Pan Yu, deputy director of the county cultural center, said that the report of the party congress outlined a grand blueprint for the construction of Xinchang Tang poetry culture city and pointed out the direction for future literary and artistic creation.

For a long time, the Cultural Center has insisted on going deep into the masses, taking root at the grassroots level, carrying out cultural activities such as going to the countryside, organizing and arranging the Meizhu Spring Festival Evening program, paying tribute to the railway builders, performing a series of "Cultural Walking" performances, and hosting the "Baiyun Agricultural Cup" farmer singer competition to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people. At the same time, organize all kinds of art training, conduct online "cloud training" such as China dance, guqin and tea art, organize "ploughing mountains and spreading the sea" grass-roots literary training, and host the "Southeast Eyebrows and Poetic Xinchang" rural poetry contest, so as to build a stage for the broad masses of people and grassroots workers.

Pan Yu said that the county cultural center has always adhered to cultural ideals and devoted itself to creating cultural products. During the anti-epidemic period, he wrote songs such as "Angel’s Light" and "Love is Around", eulogizing the soldiers on the retrograde road. Create songs full of Xinchang elements such as Meeting Meizhu, Tea Love and The Road of Tang Poetry, refine the cultural essence of "The Road of Tang Poetry, the Journey of Buddhism and the Source of Tea Ceremony", create and produce colorful cultural products, and promote the deep integration of cultural industry and tourism.

"In the future, we will continue to improve the quality of cultural creation, enhance the people’s sense of cultural acquisition and happiness, and start the brand of Xinchang Wenlv." Pan Yu said.

Original title: "The voice of" She "at the Party Congress represents a hot discussion ①"

The three great talents "teach bad" Huang Xiaoming

　　Recently, the cold wave has hit frequently, and it has just snowed in Hengdian on the 29th, but the four talents who are famous for their suave style have not been knocked down by the cold winter. Huang Xiaoming filmed a thrilling water drama on the first day of entering the crew; Chen Baixiang often had to be half-naked to show nonsense and funny skills, which made Ren Xianqi sigh to the media while laughing: "Half of our box office at that time was earned by Brother Baixiang’s body."

　　That day was the first sunny day after the snow, and the four talents hurried to play wild on the sunny day. In the courtyard, Ren Xianqi, Zhou Libo, and Chen Baixiang "carried" a giant (fake) stone, while Huang Xiaoming was hung on the stone by Wei Ye, made a posture of sitting on the stone, and shouted for help, asking the three to let him go. But the three did not listen to him, and after getting him off the stone, they even kidnapped him and dragged him to take him to "heaven". This series of nonsensical styles is indeed quite in the same vein as "Tang Bohu Dianqiuxiang", and Huang Xiaoming explained that the scene of the day actually said that he was locked up by the old mother and asked him to study hard and not move. "When I was about to run away, the three great talents caught me back and said they wanted to tell me what fun things were."
　

Welcome to the Autohome Xi’an preferential promotion channel, bringing the latest good news to the majority of car buyers! At present, the models that have attracted much attention are undergoing in-depth promotions, and car buyers in Xi’an can seize this rare opportunity. It is understood that the discount range is very considerable, and the maximum profit can be enjoyed up to 40,100 yuan, which has reduced the minimum selling price of the Blue Electric E5 to a very attractive 99,800 yuan. For friends who are interested in buying the Blue Electric E5, this is undoubtedly a car purchase opportunity not to be missed. Want to know more affordable car purchase details and get higher discounts? Please click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form immediately, and let a professional car consultant provide you with personalized service and the best quotation!

The blue electric E5 shows its unique body proportions with its exquisite side design. The body size is 4760mm*1865mm*1710mm and the wheelbase reaches 2785mm, providing a spacious interior space. The front and rear wheelbases are 1585mm and 1580mm respectively, ensuring good driving stability and handling. In terms of tire specifications, the blue electric E5 adopts 225/55 R18 specifications before and after, and is matched with a smooth wheel design, which not only enhances the appearance of the vehicle, but also ensures the comfort and safety during driving.

In terms of interior, the Blue Electric E5 shows the perfect fusion of refinement and technology. The steering wheel wrapped in leather provides a comfortable grip and supports manual up and down adjustment, which is easy for the driver to adjust according to needs. The 12.3-inch central control screen stands in the center of the instrument panel, with clear display content and intuitive operation interface. It integrates multimedia systems, navigation, telephone, air conditioning and sunroof control and other functions to fully meet daily driving needs. The seats are made of imitation leather, which is both durable and comfortable. The main and passenger seats are equipped with front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and high and low adjustment to ensure the passenger’s riding experience. The second row of seats also supports backrest adjustment, and the flexible space layout makes the Blue Electric E5 not only meet practical functions, but also pay attention to passenger comfort.

The Blue Electric E5 is equipped with a 1.5L 110 horsepower L4 engine, capable of delivering a maximum of 81 kilowatts of power for daily driving needs. This engine is matched with the E-CVT continuously variable transmission to ensure smooth operation and good power output in an energy-efficient manner, meeting the dual considerations of power and fuel economy.

Summarizing the experience of Autohome owners, he praised the driving experience of the Blue Electric E5, saying that its gasoline-electric hybrid system provides strong power and stable driving experience. He also mentioned the vehicle’s suspension adjustment, which provides a solid foundation for driving pleasure. At the same time, the owner expressed satisfaction with the vehicle’s space performance, believing that it is a medium-sized SUV with reasonable space utilization and comfortable ride. With its excellent power performance, spacious space and atmospheric appearance design, the Blue Electric E5 undoubtedly meets the owner’s expectations for new energy models and is his ideal choice.