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　　Eat hot pot with western Han people

　　How to eat to show that you are a "hot pot man"?

　　Three points to take you to know the standard of western Han hot pot

　　Bronze dyeing furnace

　　01

　　What is a dyeing furnace?

　　It is a "dip hotpot" in the Western Han Dynasty.

　　Modern people often say

　　"Nothing.

　　It can’t be solved by a hot pot.

　　If one meal doesn’t work, just two meals. "

　　People in the Western Han Dynasty heard this and said, I agree.

　　After all, they have already got the delicious hot pot.

　　Bronze dyeing furnaceIs the best evidence.

　　Dyeing furnace = hot pot has experienced n conjectures in the middle.

　　Is it a "cooking furnace" for warm meat soup?

　　Is it a "wine warming stove" for warming wine?

　　Is it a "fuming stove" for incense?

　　Is it a "dyeing furnace" for dyeing silk?

　　……

　　Finally, scholars based on

　　An inscription on a dyeing machine"Qinghe Food Officer"speculate

　　This kind of utensils should be in the charge of the food officer in the imperial court.

　　It’s an ancient one.Eating utensils

　　The bronze dyeing furnace consists of three parts.

　　Plate, oven, ear cup

　　Most of them are found in tombs in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty.

　　The geographical distribution is very wide

　　In Hunan, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangxi and other places.

　　Have been unearthed

　　This bronze dyeing furnace was unearthed in

　　Tomb of Liu He, the sea faint Hou in Nanchang, Jiangxi.

　　△ Source: China National Museum

　　When the nobles of the Western Han Dynasty feasted.

　　Put the seasoning in the ear cup first

　　And then heated by the furnace below.

　　Finally, put the cooked meat into the ear cup.

　　Mix with seasoning

　　Carry out "secondary processing"

　　Make the meat taste and seasoning taste blend with each other before eating.

　　Eat while you are hot and "dye" with eating.

　　It can be called a "small hotpot" of the Western Han people.

　　02

　　What meat and ingredients are there in the hot pot of the Western Han Dynasty?

　　People in the Western Han Dynasty not only ate "hot pot"

　　The meat in the hot pot is also varied.

　　Horses, cows, sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens are the "six animals"

　　It is the source of meat for the Western Han people.

　　But because horses and cattle are one of the important "labors"

　　So you can’t eat easily

　　Pigs, dogs and chickens became the main sources of meat for Western Han people.

　　Even appeared at that time.

　　Professional pig farmers, professional dog butchers, chicken experts, etc.

　　△ Eastern Han green glazed pottery pigsty. Collected by Hunan Museum

　　In addition to rich and varied meat,

　　The seasoning package of the Western Han Dynasty is almost the same as that of modern times.

　　haveSalt, sauce, fermented soybean, vinegar, sugar.wait for

　　In addition to salt as seasoning

　　After the Han people fermented the grain,

　　Make into soybean paste, fermented soybean, acyl (xΡ)/vinegar (cΡ).

　　Also, the germinated barley is fried into a pulp (yí) (similar to maltose).

　　It can be seen that people in the Western Han Dynasty ate almost as much as people now.

　　03

　　One person and one pot

　　People in the Han Dynasty paid attention to the dining system.

　　The dyeing furnace unearthed at present

　　The height is generally 10~14 cm.

　　This height of "hot pot"

　　It is in line with the way of eating in Han Dynasty.

　　Eat on the floor+eat separately

　　△ Source: Nanchang Han Dynasty Haifaint Houguo Site Museum

　　So when the nobles gave a banquet,

　　Food will be put on the table or at the feast.

　　People are sitting on the seats.

　　Now people often say that banquets, banquets

　　Probably from this.

　　△ Source: Nanchang Han Dynasty Haifaint Houguo Site Museum

　　People sit on the table.

　　Wine and food are on the table

　　Eat separately.

　　Probably the life of the nobles in the Han Dynasty.

　　△ Banquet portrait brick, seven people in the picture are sitting on the table, and there are several tables in front of the table to hold wine utensils and tableware. Collected by Sichuan Museum

　　On the Han Dynasty stone reliefs unearthed at present

　　There are often feasts where people sit on the floor and one person is involved.

　　Vividly reappeared people’s eating habits at that time.

　　Ancient people who never tire of eating essence.

　　I really put some thought into eating.

　　Whether it is the banquet of ancient nobles

　　Or three meals a day for ordinary people

　　Bronze dyeing furnace bears witness to the history of food culture.

　　It also records the real fireworks.

　　Producer Tang Yi

Producer Wu Huifeng

Copywriter Rong Mengyan

Visual sense Zhu Lingmeng

Technical officer Cai zixu

Revising Zhu Dongmei

Co-ordinator Liu Ying Dai Guangyu

Special thanks to China Cultural Relics Newspaper Office, Jiangxi General Station, Jiangxi Provincial Museum Desk.

　　Our reporter Zhang Guo

　　Su Yi, a professor at Nankai University who has many years of teaching experience, couldn’t believe at first that a course about distant space would have such a close role.

　　A student wrote to Mr. Su, saying that after listening to your "Introduction to Astronomy", I saw the vast universe and my mind was suddenly broadened-the student therefore gave up the idea of suicide and walked out of the shadows.

　　After hearing about this incident, Gu Pei, a national famous teacher and professor at the School of Mathematics of Nankai University, said with emotion that science courses not only cultivate people’s scientific outlook, but also have a profound impact on the cultivation of world outlook, outlook on life and values.

　　In recent years, the problem of college students’ lack of scientific literacy has been concerned by higher education workers, and the voice of society about offering science courses in colleges and universities is also constant. However, in practice, for various reasons, the development of science education in colleges and universities has always been "much thunder and little rain".

　　To open a science quality course, we should "ask grandpa to tell grandma"

　　Recently, more than 100 front-line teachers and education administrators from more than 50 universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua, called for a solution to the problem of "emphasizing literature over science" in the "Advanced Seminar for Key Teachers of Science Quality Education Courses" hosted by Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China and undertaken by Nankai University and Science Press.

　　In the curriculum of these universities, no matter comprehensive universities or professional colleges, no matter famous universities or ordinary colleges, there are many public elective courses with the surname "Wen" and few with the surname "Li".

　　The notice of the seminar briefly summarized this phenomenon: "In recent years, many college students’ cultural quality education bases are not satisfied with just offering some humanities and art courses, but hope to offer a number of scientific quality education courses at the same time, so as to truly make scientific quality education and humanistic quality education comparable to Qi Fei and achieve the organic integration of the two. However, the relevant universities often encounter difficulties in organizing science and engineering teachers to teach scientific quality education courses. This seminar hopes to exchange experiences and brainstorm in this regard. "

　　"The last thing I want to do is to be a school leader and ask my grandfather to tell my grandmother." A teacher complained to his peers about the resistance to starting classes.

　　Someone answered: "The quality of leadership is the key."

　　Others suggested: "Can we all get together and have a greater impact?" "I really want to have my own organization, my own home."

　　"Generally, the school attaches importance to what the principal attaches importance to. What we evaluate above, what we will catch. " A teacher told reporters.

　　Sometimes, teachers and students don’t necessarily appreciate the enthusiasm of the leaders. The reporter heard a joke from many teachers: a university president visited a famous university and came across the course "History of Science" of the school, which was full of praise. After returning to school, he asked that this course be listed as a public compulsory course for all majors in the school. At that time, the school did not have such teachers’ conditions, so it had to send people to a seminar on the teaching of history of science to send out job advertisements.

　　"I think it’s a little impulsive. Elective courses should be adjusted regularly, but you can’t do whatever you want, just like shopping in the mall. The school should have rational consideration and full demonstration. " A young teacher said, "In any case, you can’t transplant the version from another school directly."

　　Yang Weitu, a teacher from the School of Humanities of Beijing Jiaotong University, came to Li Jianshan, a professor at Nankai University, for advice on the experience of starting the course "History of World Science, Technology and Culture". "We are a science and engineering school, and students pay attention to natural science knowledge, but lack the background of science and technology history." He told reporters that maybe Beijing Jiaotong University will also start classes soon, and the school has realized the importance of this course.

　　It is thankless for science and engineering teachers to open public elective courses

　　When it comes to scientific quality education, many teachers are pessimistic, and "marginalization" is their common word. A university teacher in Guangxi said that the possibility of attaching importance to science courses is too small, including the evaluation of professional titles, teachers and leadership concepts.

　　"This is what fools are willing to do." An academic leader of a prestigious school told reporters.

　　He said that he organized a school-wide public course, but it was not understood in the department, because "this is for the whole school, and it occupies the teachers in the department, and also remembers the workload in the department", so the problem of teachers’ class fees has not been well solved until now.

　　Gu Pei worked as the vice-president and executive vice-president in charge of teaching in the School of Mathematics of Nankai University for 9 years. His public course "Mathematical Culture" and professional course "Abstract Algebra" are both national excellent courses. Even this national famous teacher admitted that he had encountered difficulties in organizing professional teachers to teach general courses.

　　"Most of the cultural quality education courses are humanities or art courses. The number of cultural quality education courses with scientific quality education as the main body is small and the overall quality is not high, which is still the bottleneck that plagues the development of cultural quality education courses. "

　　According to Professor Gu Pei’s analysis, teachers majoring in science and engineering do not know enough and are not good at offering scientific quality courses, and at the same time, they will encounter the embarrassment of thankless work.

　　"A math teacher may be familiar with’ mathematical analysis’, but it is very difficult to teach a cultural quality education course." Gu Pei said that the subjective obstacle is that science and engineering teachers don’t know enough about cultural quality education. "Many people have only heard of this word, and most of them are confined to the level of’ knowledge’". On the other hand, professional teachers are not good at cultural quality education courses, even if they teach such courses on the basis of their professional content, they are often at a loss and have great difficulties.

　　The objective obstacle is mainly that the cultural quality education curriculum does not promote the professional growth of professional teachers. The professional growth of professional teachers generally refers to the professional growth in teaching and scientific research of this major. Scientific research achievements are often reflected by publishing papers and are often regarded as hard indicators; Teaching achievement is reflected by teaching effect and students’ success, which is often regarded as a soft indicator. Most people first consider the investment in scientific research, and then consider the investment in teaching. For the latter, graduate teaching should be considered first, and then undergraduate teaching should be considered. Therefore, "teachers often take offering such courses as an extra burden".

　　"Different schools have different detailed standards for promotion, but few schools involve cultural quality education courses. Therefore, teachers undertaking such courses only add a little’ teaching workload’, which is not helpful for promotion. " In the promotion of teachers’ professional titles, in addition to the number of teaching hours and the number of graduate students, the number of published papers and magazines, the number of scientific research projects undertaken and the level of projects, the compilation of teaching materials and the publication of monographs, the number of awards and the level of awards are mainly investigated.

　　Gu Pei said that compared with the above difficulties, the deeper difficulty that is more noteworthy lies in the concept. Such views as "colleges and universities are factories for cultivating talents", "cultural quality education is a supplement to professional education" and "cultural quality education is the education of humanistic knowledge" lead to the neglect of quality education, and the scientific quality education is ignored by many people.

　　In addition, some people regard the cultural quality education course of science and engineering as a "compressed" and "shallow" professional course, "they don’t understand that cultural quality education is essentially an education of spirit and accomplishment".

　　Zhou Yuanqing, former vice minister of the Ministry of Education and president of China Higher Education Association, is a long-term promoter of China’s concept of cultural quality education.

　　He even said that in 1952, the adjustment of departments according to the Soviet model resulted in many single-subject universities. One reason for the merger of colleges and universities in the late 1990s is the integration of humanities education and science education.

　　"I once told the president of Tsinghua University,’ The brains of engineering can’t run a world-class university’." Zhou Yuanqing said at the seminar of Nankai University.

　　He pointed out that cultural quality education was controversial at first and gradually became a consensus. "Quality education with cultural quality education as the breakthrough point may be a higher education concept with China characteristics. Cultural quality education has been carried out for many years, and great achievements have been made, but there are also many problems. "

　　These problems include: "At the beginning, a large number of lectures on traditional culture were given, and many cultural quality courses were offered in schools. However, there are still many schools that do not have this condition to deepen on this basis. Therefore, cultural quality education is facing a deepening problem. " He believes that the exploration of scientific quality education in Nankai University is the deepening of cultural quality education.

　　"The separation of humanities education from science education in China is a stubborn disease." Zhou Yuanqing said.

　　In particular, he pointed out: "It may be time for China to solve the problem of secondary school division."

　　"When we were engaged in the college entrance examination reform, the’ three plus integration’ was to break the division of arts and sciences. However, in order to resist or because of unclear thinking, some provinces and cities have engaged in a comprehensive literature and management, and are unwilling to solve the problem of the division of arts and sciences in middle schools. "

　　"Arts and sciences branch in the world only China to do so. Few university presidents and experts agree with it, but it has been so long. Due to the division of arts and sciences, it is difficult for our liberal arts students to go to college and take some courses in science and engineering. "

　　Zhou Yuanqing, for example, said that in a narrow single-subject university, "students who study mechanics, in a school with a long-term single-subject atmosphere, are more mechanical than students who study electronics". However, the society has long valued science over literature, and they are all willing to take the science and engineering major. These persistent diseases make it difficult for the country to produce high-level talents. "The school lacks a comprehensive atmosphere, and it is impossible to cross arts and sciences. Qian Xuesen always criticizes us, which means this matter. We haven’t won the Nobel Prize for many years, which is a very important reason in terms of education. Mr. Chen Shengshen, an international master of mathematics, is very interested in history, music, painting and poetry. "

　　Wang Yizhen, former vice president of Peking University, said that this narrow professional education model is very utilitarian. "The principals said, what do we cultivate people or ambition? People become screws and tools. "

　　As for its consequences, for example, Wang Yizhen said, "Many people don’t know who wrote Water Margin and The Journey to the West. Because they are masterpieces, they think they were written by Lu Xun."

　　Zhou Yuanqing pointed out: "The living standard has improved, science and technology have developed, and morality is declining. Especially, there are many problems in our academic morality now. One of the most important reasons may be that humanities education and science education are not well integrated. Many of our disciplines are fields that combine humanities and science. If we can’t handle the integration of humanities and science education well, it will be difficult to handle the development of these fields. "

　　He emphasized: "The integration of humanities education and science education involves a country’s economic and social development. Today, it is very important to return our education to the combination of humanities and science. "

　　Over the years, Li Jianshan, a professor at Nankai University, has been very popular among students of various majors with the course of "History of World Science, Technology and Culture". This course has been listed as a compulsory course for liberal arts students in this school, which is a special case in China. In an interview with reporters, the professor said: "Why do we want to open this class? Our slogan and goal are called’ inheriting the tradition and aiming at Harvard’. Nankai University has had a course on the history of science since 1925, and the teacher who started the course is Mr. Qian Baodi. "

　　Who is Qian Baocong? -"Mr. Chen Shengshen’s science teacher".

Editor: Liu Haifeng

[Global Times reporter Aoki Tao short room Chen Kang] Broken police cars, burning roadblocks … In recent days, a wave of protests against the new round of anti-epidemic blockade measures has swept across many European countries, and demonstrators have opposed the "tyranny" of anti-epidemic blockade under the banner of "freedom". At the same time, multinational police used water cannons, tear gas to deal with protesters, and even shot them directly. Dutch Prime Minister Ruyt denounced this as "a pure act of violence under the guise of demonstrations". This also embarrassed the western media, which had been accusing China’s anti-epidemic measures of "obstructing freedom". At present, the epidemic situation in Europe is deteriorating rapidly, and governments around the world are in a dilemma between strengthening anti-epidemic measures and people’s violent protests. German news TV station said on the 23rd that European countries canceled epidemic prevention measures prematurely, and the differences and repetitions in epidemic prevention objectives and measures within the government made people feel confused and dissatisfied. This has not only dealt a serious blow to European economic recovery, but also laid a big risk for social chaos.

"Europe is in a double crisis"

"The risk of losing control", DPA said on the 23rd that Europe is in a double crisis: on the one hand, the epidemic situation in European countries is in a hurry, on the other hand, large-scale protests have taken place in many countries, leading to riots. The Netherlands, enschede, Groningen, The Hague and Rotterdam, which were the first cities to tighten epidemic prevention measures in Europe, held demonstrations against the government’s epidemic prevention policy for three consecutive nights, which later turned into violent riots. Protesters without masks shouted the slogan of "freedom", threw stones at the police and set fire to cars. Commercial facilities along the street were also damaged.

In other European countries, violent demonstrations began to spread. In Brussels, Belgium, where the EU headquarters is located, about 35,000 people took to the streets to protest against the latest epidemic prevention measures of the government. Demonstrators sang songs about Italian guerrillas fighting against dictator Mussolini during World War II, and people also fired lit fireworks at the police. Protesters in France not only set fire, but also took advantage of the chaos to rob shops on the street. In Slovakia, protesters claimed to launch a new "velvet revolution". Many countries also mobilized a large number of police, using water cannons, tear gas and other measures to disperse the protesters. Violent riots broke out in Guadeloupe, a French overseas province, for four consecutive days to protest against the government’s compulsory vaccination. The French Ministry of the Interior dispatched 50 special forces soldiers to help quell the riots.

Austria re-closed the city nationwide on the 22nd, and no one was allowed to go out except for going to work and purchasing daily necessities. Previously, Austria was the first country in Europe to completely "ban" those who did not vaccinate. In response, at the call of the Austrian far-right Liberal Party, the largest demonstration broke out in Vienna last weekend, and 38,000 people took to the streets to protest against the Austrian government’s "COVID-19 dictatorship".

In the face of the demonstrations in most parts of Europe in the past few days to protest against the strict epidemic blockade measures, many governments have gradually lost patience. According to reports from Reuters, Dutch Prime Minister Ruyt called the demonstrators "idiots" on the 22nd. He called it "a pure act of violence under the guise of demonstrations". "I know there is a lot of tension in society, because we have been dealing with the pain caused by the COVID-19 epidemic for a long time. But I will never accept the violence created by idiots just because they are unhappy. " He stressed that the demonstrators created "pure violence against our police, firefighters and ambulance drivers". According to the report, more than 100 people have been arrested in several days of violent demonstrations in the Netherlands, and Rotterdam police even used live ammunition to shoot protesters, resulting in four injuries. Dutch health authorities said on the 22nd that more than 23,000 new cases were confirmed in the past 24 hours, which is the second highest number of new infections in a single day since the outbreak. Due to the sharp increase in the number of people infected with COVID-19, the intensive care unit (ICU) in Dutch hospitals is insufficient. Kuipers, head of the Dutch Hospital Critical Care Association, said that from the 23rd, critically ill patients were transferred to neighboring Germany to reduce the pressure on domestic hospitals.

"A family was sent to the grave."

British Sky TV said on the 23rd that with the arrival of cold winter, experts worry that the number of infections and deaths in Europe will further increase, and the crowd gathering brought by Christmas and New Year holidays will also bring unimaginable pressure to the anti-epidemic work. The Guardian quoted experts from the World Health Organization as saying on 23rd that by March next year, the total number of COVID-19 deaths in Europe may exceed 2 million. At present, there are more than 4,200 new deaths in Europe every day, twice as many as in September.

The British "Flag Evening News" said that despite the soaring number of confirmed cases, politicians are still hesitant about whether all citizens should be vaccinated. Scholz, who is about to succeed Merkel as German Chancellor, said that there should be a wide-ranging debate on whether to force citizens to vaccinate. Kuban, chairman of the Youth League Party, said: "We have reached a critical point. We must clearly indicate the need for compulsory vaccination and ban those who have not been vaccinated." However, the Liberal Democratic Party opposes this measure, saying that we should attach importance to individual freedom.

"Should COVID-19 vaccine be compulsory in Germany?" "Deutsche Welle" said on the 23rd that at the beginning of the outbreak, German politicians thought that vaccination should not be compulsory, but now more and more politicians in Germany support compulsory vaccination. "We think it is necessary, otherwise we can’t get rid of this pandemic at all and have to continue to restrict people’s freedom," said the governor of Baden-Wü rttemberg. However, some politicians still expressed their opposition. As the health minister of the caretaker government, Span is still skeptical about compulsory vaccination. He said that the introduction of the universal obligation to vaccinate COVID-19 is not only a legal issue, but also related to the freedom of citizens. He also said that even if COVID-19’s vaccination obligation is implemented now, it can’t stop the current fourth wave of epidemic. In addition, once compulsory vaccination is implemented, those who do not vaccinate will be fined. "For those who have no money, let them go to prison?"

European media have always accused China’s anti-epidemic measures of "obstructing freedom". However, the worsening epidemic situation has made these media rarely mention the anti-epidemic blockade measures of "obstructing freedom". "Deutsche Welle" said that the European Court of Human Rights recently ruled that "compulsory vaccination not only does not violate human rights law, but may be a necessary measure in a democratic society". This is considered to enhance "the possibility of compulsory vaccination in the current epidemic".

In eastern Europe, where the vaccination rate is low, the epidemic situation is very critical. CNN reported on the 22nd that in Romania, which has the lowest vaccination rate in Europe, the capital Bucharest University Hospital is the largest medical institution in the country. The mortuary of the hospital could have parked 15 bodies, but 41 bodies were stored on the day of CNN interview. A large number of bodies were piled up in the corridor outside. The hospital is still expanding the intensive care unit, and all the beds here are full at present. A nurse named Ionita said: "When I started this job, I never thought that such a disaster would happen. In the end, we sent our family to the grave."

"Ignorance and self-destructive stubbornness"

Germany’s "Focus" magazine said on the 23rd that the re-introduction of epidemic prevention and blockade policies in many European countries led to escalating violent demonstrations. Countries are paying attention to these violent incidents, but few governments reflect on why. This makes governments face trust problems. The deterioration of the epidemic situation and the repeated anti-epidemic measures have aroused public suspicion and have also been used by right-wing parties. In the new wave of demonstrations, people shouted the slogan of "freedom", and the demonstrators even wore yellow stars with the words "unvaccinated", similar to the "Jewish star" sign that German Nazis forced Jews to wear. They compared the order of compulsory vaccination to Nazi atrocities in the past. Austrian Interior Minister Nehmer denounced the move as "an insult to millions of victims and their families under Nazi dictatorship".

CNN said that with the smooth promotion of vaccination in early 2021, European leaders were optimistic that the epidemic could be easily defeated, and they easily talked about economic restart in a nearly celebratory tone. However, with the resurgence of the epidemic, even in countries with high vaccination rates, the government has to start to consider resuming the ban. Facts have proved that even a relatively high vaccination rate is not enough to curb the spread of the epidemic alone, and "complacency is dangerous."

Washington post said, "Ignorance and self-destructive stubbornness are not unique to the United States. In Europe, many people continue to resist vaccines that can save themselves and others’ lives.". The article also warned that "the history of repeated epidemics proves that what happened in Europe today will happen in the United States tomorrow."

CCTV News:Today (January 27), the National Bureau of Statistics released data showing that in 2023, with the gradual improvement of domestic demand, industrial production steadily picked up, and the benefits of industrial enterprises above designated size continued to recover. Profits of major industrial sectors have improved actively, among which the profit growth of equipment manufacturing industry has accelerated and its supporting role has been further enhanced.

In 2023, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size in China reached 7,685.83 billion yuan, down 2.3% from the previous year, with a decrease ratio of 1-mdash; In November, it narrowed by 2.1 percentage points. From the growth rate of that month, since August, the profits of industrial enterprises have achieved positive growth for five consecutive months.

From the perspective of industrial enterprise business, in 2023, industrial enterprises above designated size realized operating income of 133.44 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year, and the cumulative revenue growth rate rebounded for five consecutive months.

From the perspective of industries, in 2023, among the 41 major industrial sectors, 27 industries’ profits increased over the previous year, with a profit growth rate of 65.9%, an increase of 12.2 percentage points over the previous year, and 29 industries’ annual profit growth rate showed an upward trend, accounting for over 70%.

The profit growth of equipment manufacturing industry has accelerated, and its supporting role has been further enhanced. In 2023, the profit growth rate of the equipment manufacturing industry was 4.1%, 2.4 percentage points faster than the previous year, which boosted the industrial profit growth by 1.4 percentage points. From the perspective of specific industries, the electrical machinery industry was driven by new energy industries such as photovoltaic and lithium-ion batteries, and its profit increased by 15.7%.

China’s foreign exchange market remains active and the foreign-related economy has recovered steadily.

According to the latest data from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, in December 2023, China’s foreign exchange market totaled 20.54 trillion yuan. In 2023, the cumulative turnover was 252.58 trillion yuan. The foreign exchange market remained active and the market operated smoothly and orderly. In December 2023, the import and export scale of China’s international balance of payments trade in goods and services was 4,339.1 billion yuan, up 2% year-on-year, hitting a monthly high in the year. In 2023, China achieved a trade surplus of 4.2794 trillion yuan, the second highest value in history.

Loans support science and technology enterprises.

On January 26th, the People’s Bank of China released the statistical report on the loan investment of financial institutions in 2023. The report shows that in 2023, medium and long-term loans in China’s industry, service industry and infrastructure industry maintained a relatively high growth rate, and loans supported science and technology enterprises.

The data shows that at the end of 2023, the balance of RMB loans of financial institutions was 237.59 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.6%; In the whole year, RMB loans increased by 22.75 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.31 trillion yuan over the same period of last year.

From the perspective of loan investment, medium and long-term loans in industry, service industry and infrastructure industry maintained a relatively high growth rate, of which the balance of medium and long-term loans in heavy industry was 18.62 trillion yuan, up 28% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.5 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year; The balance of medium and long-term loans for light industry was 3.2 trillion yuan, up 27.9% year-on-year.

Green loans grew rapidly. At the end of 2023, the balance of local and foreign currency green loans was 30.08 trillion yuan, up 36.5% year-on-year, 26.4 percentage points higher than the growth rate of various loans, and 8.48 trillion yuan higher than the beginning of the year.

By the end of 2023, there were 212,000 small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises supported by loans, with a loan rate of 46.8%, 2.1 percentage points higher than the end of last year. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises was 2.45 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.9%, which was 11.8 percentage points higher than the growth rate of various loans in the same period. There were 217,500 high-tech enterprises supported by loans, and the loan rate was 54.2%, 0.8 percentage points higher than the end of last year.

This year, a series of measures will be introduced to continue to cultivate cross-border e-commerce

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that foreign trade achieved positive growth last year, and cross-border e-commerce contributed. This year, a series of measures will be introduced to continue to cultivate cross-border e-commerce.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that this year, "Several Measures for Expanding Cross-border E-commerce Exports and Promoting the Development of Overseas Warehouses" will be issued, and "Cross-border E-commerce+Industrial Belt" will be developed to encourage traditional foreign trade enterprises to transform cross-border e-commerce, support head enterprises to promote the coordinated development of upstream and downstream supply chains, and incubate more start-ups relying on cross-border e-commerce industrial parks in various places. In addition, the Ministry of Commerce will also promote the promulgation of the Guide for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights of Cross-border E-commerce. In the process of cross-border e-commerce, it is necessary to ensure that it can protect intellectual property rights in all aspects, including the first journey, the last journey, payment, marketing and overseas warehousing.

The first day of cross-regional personnel flow in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to exceed 182 million person-times.

Today (January 27th) is the second day of Spring Festival travel rush. Let’s take a look at the travel fever in Spring Festival travel rush through a set of data. Yesterday, the first day of Spring Festival travel rush, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society was estimated to be 182.83 million. Specifically, the railway sent 11.063 million passengers; The flow of highway personnel is estimated to be 169.71 million person-times, of which 142.65 million person-times travel by road; The passenger volume of civil aviation was 2,066,100 passengers.

As of yesterday, during the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the number of air tickets booked on domestic routes exceeded 26 million, and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Kunming, Haikou, Harbin, Hangzhou and Xi ‘an were popular destinations.

Today, the railway is expected to send 12.2 million passengers, of which the Yangtze River Delta Railway is expected to send 2.7 million passengers, and Guangdong will open more trains to popular directions such as Wuhan, Guiyang and Changsha. Today, the national highways are running normally, and the civil aviation is expected to transport 2.03 million passengers, and the waterway passenger traffic is expected to be more than 600,000 passengers.

The cumulative registered users of the National Smart Education Platform exceeded 100 million.

In 2022, the Ministry of Education launched the national education digitalization strategic action, focusing on students’ learning, teachers’ teaching, school governance and educational innovation, and launched the online national wisdom education platform. Up to now, the cumulative number of registered users of the National Smart Education Platform has exceeded 100 million.

Since the launch of the National Smart Education Platform in 2022, its resources have been continuously expanded. It has gathered 88,000 primary and secondary school resources, over 10,000 online quality courses for vocational education and 27,000 high-quality massive open online course courses for higher education, launched special resources such as "2023 Summer Teacher Training", expanded the service items for studying abroad in the service hall, and completed the aging-adapted and barrier-free access transformation.

At present, the national intelligent education platform has become the world’s largest educational digital resource center and service platform, and won the UNESCO Education Informatization Award last year.

China-Singapore mutual visa exemption policy for 30 days landed on New Year’s Eve.

On January 25th, China and Singapore signed a visa waiver agreement. The agreement will be officially implemented on February 9, 2024, that is, on New Year’s Eve this year. At that time, ordinary passport holders of both sides can enter the other country without a visa to engage in private affairs such as tourism, visiting relatives and business, and stay for no more than 30 days. After the news was released, the tourism fever in Singapore also increased rapidly.

Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin:The entry into force of the visa-free agreement between China and Singapore before the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, China, is undoubtedly a new year gift to the two peoples, which will further promote cultural exchanges between China and Singapore and promote the continuous development of China-Singapore relations and cooperation in various fields.

Once the news of visa-free implementation was released, it caused widespread concern among netizens. The search popularity of many domestic tourism platforms about Singapore has also rapidly increased, making it the first choice for more tourists to travel abroad during the Spring Festival.

Many industries in Singapore have begun to make preparations to welcome China tourists.

This year’s Spring Festival may usher in the hottest outbound tour in five years.

In the past year, the domestic inbound and outbound tourism policies have been favorable. On December 1, 2023, Malaysia began to implement visa-free entry measures for tourists from China within 30 days. In 2023, Kazakhstan, Angola, Thailand and other countries also implemented visa-free policies for China tourists to varying degrees. During the Spring Festival holiday this year, the number of reservations to Thailand on a business platform increased by nearly 37 times compared with the Spring Festival in 2023, and the number of reservations to Malaysia increased by 52 times compared with the Spring Festival in 2023. Some industry analysts believe that this year’s Spring Festival tourism market is expected to usher in "the hottest outbound tour in five years".

In 2023, Zhejiang Province received 760 million tourists.

According to the data of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism, in 2023, the province received 760 million tourists and the tourism income was 990.76 billion yuan. There are 3,239 cultural tourism investment projects in the province, with an annual investment of 410.11 billion yuan.

　　Great powers and heavy weapons, sail out to sea! At the end of January, CRRC signed a contract with a company in the United Arab Emirates, and China’s passenger diesel EMUs were exported to the United Arab Emirates for the first time.

　　Super-engineering, clanging ahead! On January 31st, the main body of E23 pipe joint, which is in charge of CCCC No.4 Navigation Bureau, was poured, and the main body of the immersed tube tunnel in the deep middle passage was completely poured.

　　Energy supply, stable production! In the first month of the year, Tarim Oilfield of China Petroleum entered the ultra-deep oil and gas field, and the monthly oil and gas output equivalent climbed to a new level of 3.19 million tons, hitting a new high in the same period in history.

　　Since the beginning of the year, the vast number of state-owned enterprises have made concerted efforts, worked hard and made firm progress on the road of high-quality development.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must unswervingly deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, focus on innovating institutional mechanisms, speed up the establishment of a modern enterprise system, give play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all kinds of talents in state-owned enterprises, and stimulate the vitality of all kinds of elements."

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, speed up the layout optimization and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, promote the state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better and bigger, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.

　　At present, the main objectives and tasks of the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises have been completed. "The twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of China has pointed out a new direction and made new arrangements for the reform and development of state-owned enterprises." Zhang Yuzhuo, secretary of the Party Committee and director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, said that the next step will be to consolidate and deepen the achievements of the three-year action, plan a new round of deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises, and push state-owned enterprises to make new and greater contributions to comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization.

　　Improve the modern enterprise system with China characteristics and make state-owned enterprises operate more efficiently.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Upholding the Party’s leadership over state-owned enterprises is a major political principle and must be consistent; Establishing a modern enterprise system is the direction of state-owned enterprise reform and must be consistent. "

　　Since the launch of the three-year action, state-owned and state-owned enterprises have fully implemented the "two consistency", made great efforts to promote the strengthening of party leadership in improving corporate governance, and accelerated the improvement of modern corporate governance mechanisms.

　　— — Constantly strengthen the leading role of party committees (party groups) in "taking the direction, managing the overall situation and ensuring implementation".

　　Issue and implement the Opinions of Central Enterprises on Strengthening the Party’s Leadership in Improving Corporate Governance, and promote state-owned enterprises to comprehensively formulate the list of pre-research items … … In recent years, the leadership of the party in state-owned enterprises has been continuously strengthened, and the boundaries of powers and responsibilities of various governance subjects have become clearer.

　　Systematically reshape the decision-making system, implement the pre-research and discussion procedures of party committees, and revise the rules of office meetings of party committees, boards of directors and general managers; Integrate more than 200 grass-roots party organizations with the industrial chain, and explore the new ecology of grass-roots organizations such as enterprises and land, sectors, industry and finance, and party building … … Relying on the guidance of Party building, Zhejiang International Trade Group, which once fell into operational difficulties, gradually realized transformation and extricating itself from difficulties. Last year, its revenue increased by 16% year on year.

　　— — Give better play to the role of the board of directors in "setting strategy, making decisions and preventing risks".

　　On December 29th, 2022, the State Power Investment Corporation held a board meeting, which deliberated and adopted another major project investment decision. "The external directors held three meetings to study and went to the field for investigation. In response to the questions and suggestions of external directors, the management members answer questions and organize demonstrations; The chairman and the party group also fully respected the opinions and suspended the pre-research of the party group meeting before reaching a consensus. " Lu Chun, convener of external directors of State Power Investment Corporation, said. From 2020 to 2022, among the topics deliberated and adopted by the Board of Directors of State Power Investment Corporation, 15 were studied and discussed by external directors for many times, which effectively improved the ability of directors to exercise their duties.

　　Documents such as the working rules of the board of directors of central enterprises, the evaluation methods of the board of directors and directors have been issued, and 13,000 subsidiaries of central enterprises, 724 local-level enterprises and 25,000 local-level subsidiaries have established boards of directors. The board of directors should be fully completed and basically realize the majority of external directors … … A series of reforms have made the role of the board of directors as the main body of business decision-making more prominent.

　　— — Further guarantee the management’s responsibility of "seeking management, grasping implementation and strengthening management".

　　"The management team has the right to use, be motivated and secure, and the corporate governance structure operates efficiently." Li Guangqing, chairman of Shandong SDIC, said that last year, the company’s board of directors granted decision-making power to managers in 17 aspects, including project investment, asset disposal, and salary assessment of ownership enterprises, which provided better protection for managers to perform their duties.

　　At present, 97.4% of the subsidiaries of central enterprises and 98.2% of local state-owned enterprises have established management systems in which the board of directors authorizes managers.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that the modern corporate governance of state-owned enterprises with China characteristics should be improved and truly operated according to the market-oriented mechanism. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council stated that the next step is to strengthen the party’s leadership in improving corporate governance, improve the level of internal system construction based on the company’s articles of association, hierarchically classify and dynamically optimize the list of major business management issues in front of the party Committee (party group); We will continue to select excellent and strong external directors, accelerate the construction of a professional, responsible, standardized and efficient board of directors, and deepen the construction of the board of directors of subsidiaries.

　　Optimize the layout of the state-owned economy, and the state-owned enterprises are more powerful.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Promote structural adjustment, innovative development and layout optimization, so that state-owned enterprises can play a leading role in the supply-side structural reform."

　　Guoneng Bio-restructuring, a leading enterprise in the field of biomass power generation in China, entered the State Power Investment Corporation, the medical institutions under China Power Construction Corporation joined the General Technology Group, and the Three Gorges Group transferred its hydropower company to CCCC … … At the beginning of the new year, the professional integration of central enterprises has continued. During the three-year operation, the overall layout structure of state-owned capital was optimized through a series of measures, such as restructuring and integration, creating a "chain length" of modern industrial chain, and promoting slimming and fitness.

　　On the one hand, the strategic supporting role of the state-owned economy is further highlighted.

　　Build leading enterprises such as shandong energy, Shandong Port and Shandong Expressway; Separate and integrate the health, cultural tourism and environmental protection sectors scattered in other enterprises, and form regional leading enterprises such as Shandong Health, Shandong Cultural Tourism and Shandong Environmental Protection … … In recent years, Shandong has actively promoted strategic restructuring in the fields of equipment manufacturing, coal and ports. "The layout of the state-owned economy is more optimized, and the quality and efficiency are further improved. Last year, the operating income of Shandong provincial enterprises increased by 51.4% compared with 2019." Man Shengang, Party Secretary and Director of Shandong SASAC, said. According to statistics, during the three-year operation, 347 provincial state-owned enterprises in 116 groups were reorganized and specialized integration was carried out 2150 times.

　　With regard to central enterprises, since the launch of the three-year action, the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission has successively promoted the strategic reorganization of four groups of seven central enterprises, newly established and accepted eight central enterprises, including China Satellite Network and China Rare Earth, and promoted more than 30 specialized integration projects of central enterprises in the fields of electric power, inspection and medical care. At present, central enterprises account for more than 70% of the income in key areas of national security, national economy and people’s livelihood.

　　On the other hand, the advantages of state-owned enterprises in taking charge of their main business have been further enhanced.

　　In the early morning of January 29th, with the "Nansha Glory" unloading the whole ship of Brazilian iron ore in Rizhao Port, the cumulative cooperative freight volume between China Mining and Brazil’s Vale, which belongs to COSCO Shipping, exceeded 100 million tons. Operating income ranks first among global shipping companies, and it carries 1/10 of the world’s shipping trade volume with 1/18 of the world’s capacity. The total assets have historically exceeded one trillion yuan. By promoting internal integration, forming scale advantages and digging deep into synergies, COSCO Shipping’s comprehensive strength and global shipping market position have been further enhanced.

　　At the foot of the Mid-Levels in Hangzhou, the former "Shili Steel City" is now a hot spot for digital economy. Since the three-year operation, Hangzhou Iron and Steel Group has promoted the shutdown and transformation of Mid-Levels Iron and Steel Base, eliminated inferior industries in an orderly manner, and developed and expanded new industries through asset packaging, investment and mergers and acquisitions. "From deep cultivation of traditional manufacturing industries to participation in the digital economy, structural adjustment has enabled the Group to achieve a new leap. Last year, the revenue of strategic emerging industries increased by 56% year-on-year." Zhang Liming, chairman of Hangzhou Iron and Steel Group, said.

　　In 2022, central enterprises realized a total operating income of 39.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.3% year-on-year; In the first 11 months of 2022, local supervision of state-owned enterprises realized operating income of 33.7 trillion yuan, up 8.1% year-on-year & hellip; … With the deepening of reform, the competitiveness, innovation, control, influence and risk resistance of the state-owned economy have been continuously enhanced. A few days ago, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council issued a notice requesting central enterprises to further focus on their main business, develop the real economy, improve the quality of effective investment and promote a good start in the first quarter.

　　Improve the innovative market-oriented management mechanism, and the state-owned enterprises will be more energetic.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "State-owned enterprises should deepen reform and innovation and strive to build modern enterprises".

　　Since the launch of the three-year action, three system reforms have broken the ice in an all-round way, and a new type of management responsibility system with the tenure system and contractual management as the core has been basically established.

　　— — Moving away from the "iron chair", managers can go up and down.

　　All the management members of the 1471-seat enterprise signed the annual/term operating performance responsibility letter; Refine 18 specific implementation measures, put forward the goal of struggle, and clearly stipulate 7 kinds of exit situations … … Not long ago, in 2022, the "Assessment List" of COSCO Shipping Managers was announced, and the proportion of final adjustment and incompetent withdrawal reached 6.93%.

　　Capable people go up, mediocre people go down. At present, the proportion of central enterprises and local sub-enterprises at all levels that carry out the tenure system and contractual management of managers has increased to over 99.6%, covering 84,000 enterprises with a total of 220,000 people. By the end of November 2022, the proportion of managers of central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises competing for posts reached 57% and 56.3% respectively.

　　— — Break the "iron rice bowl" and employees can get in and out.

　　Anhui provincial enterprises have fully implemented open recruitment, and in the past three years, they have hired 41,400 people of various types; Chinalco Group finds out the way for the surplus staff through job-transfer training and cross-enterprise transfer and resettlement … … Through the reform, the proportion of open recruitment of new employees in central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises has risen to over 99.9%.

　　— — If you don’t engage in "big pot rice", your income can increase and decrease.

　　Performance is linked to electricity, and posts are determined by performance. In Jidian Distribution Power Company under the State Power Investment Corporation, among the power market development and marketing teams formed by more than 30 employees, each of them signed a market-oriented salary agreement, and the enthusiasm of employees was further enhanced.

　　We will continue to promote the reform of the wage determination mechanism of state-owned enterprises, flexibly use medium and long-term incentive measures such as equity incentive, dividend incentive, excess profit sharing, virtual equity, and follow-up investment, and continuously optimize the market-oriented salary distribution mechanism of state-owned enterprises. At present, the proportion of qualified central enterprises and subsidiaries of local state-owned enterprises that have carried out medium and long-term incentives has reached 94% and 88.8% respectively, benefiting 491,000 key employees.

　　The relevant person in charge of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council said that the next step will be to continuously deepen the reform of the three systems, fully implement the "three-energy" mechanism, push forward the examination and evaluation of reform in a normal way, and create a model of 100 households’ reform by classification.

1905 movie network news　Directed by, starring,,,,, Du Yuan, and, the hilarious comedy film has released one of the series clips of "Ha ha ha famous scenes" a few days ago after announcing the pre-sale of thousands of screenings on January 16th and 17th.

In the film, Bao Beier laughs at himself with his bald head, shaking off the comedy burden, while Wang Xiaoli continues the honest strength of "Liu Neng" in "Country Love" and has the biggest guest appearance in history. In one minute, the story is presented, and the laughter is like a fairy fight. The laughter is dense and can be called the Spring Festival Evening in the film industry, which makes people look forward to the complete feature film.

　

There are too many stalks in one minute.

Wang Xiaoli, Bao Beier, performed a famous comedy scene.

　

In the latest exposure footage, Bao Beier and Wang Xiaoli laugh at each other for this "farce" of recovering their money, which is really absurd and interesting. Bao Beier is very cruel to himself. When the "Zhao Gongzi" who once paid the bill for the audience once turned into a frustrated middle-aged man "Chen Zhong", he made fun of his bald head without mercy. The reason lies in the trial scene of the fake movie "The Big Red Packet". Chen Zhong and others came here with this special interviewer (Wang Xiaoli), who is not only quite similar to himself, but also has a flexible eloquence. In the process of fighting for the role of father, Chen Zhong’s hair directly implied that it was fake: "It’s easy to do, I’ll wear a condom or take it off". This move inadvertently angered Chen Zhong, who pulled his hair and cried hysterically: "Really, big brother, this is true".

Everyone knows that Bao Beier is bald outside the play, but in the movie, it is necessary to prove that this is the real hair, and the comedy burden is shaken up between words. In addition, there is the biggest group performance in history, and when introducing himself, he said, "My mother, my mother … … Nezha’s mother ",the way she calmly described it is somewhat" acting school ". In a short time of one minute, the laughter kept bursting, and it had the flavor of New Year’s comedy.

　

The lineup can be called "Spring Festival Evening in the Film Industry"

The series of clips continued to explode and sounded the prelude of the New Year film.

　

As the first film in this series, it has already presented a famous scene of laughing stars and fighting for drama, and the degree of hilarity of the feature film can be seen. In the clip, whether it is Chen Zhong, who is forced by life to lead the fake wedding, Wang Xiaoli, who is focused on the role of the fake movie, or the group performers who participated in the interview, they are all ordinary people in our daily life, but they live every day in a down-to-earth way. A "farce" caused by red envelopes will eventually end, and the money sent can be returned to the original, but the true feelings obtained are priceless.

As the Spring Festival approaches, after a difficult year of 2020, everyone should get the most sincere care and cheer for themselves.

CCTV News:As the current epidemic in Xi ‘an entered the final stage, college students in low-risk areas of Xi ‘an began to return home in an orderly way yesterday (January 16th). In order to ensure the students’ safe and smooth return home, according to the principle of "scientific evaluation, students’ voluntary, one school, one case, and implementation in batches", with the cooperation of Xi ‘an education, transportation, health and public security departments, the local government organized college students to leave school in batches.

With the improvement of the epidemic situation in Xi ‘an, colleges and universities in Shaanxi began to arrange for students from low-risk areas to leave school and return home. Located in Weiyang Campus of Xi ‘an Medical College in weiyang district, Xi ‘an, organized by the school and the weiyang district Municipal Government, the first batch of more than 6,000 returning students from the school took 50 buses in batches, and successively drove to Xi ‘an South Railway Station, Xi ‘an Railway Station and Xi ‘an North Railway Station, and then transferred to the corresponding trains to leave school and return home.

Xie Danrui, a special class for returning home from colleges and universities in weiyang district, Xi ‘an;According to the principle of "students voluntarily", students are escorted to leave Xi ‘an in batches in one school and one case. We have provided school-leaving students with love health packages for nucleic acid detection and epidemic prevention and control, and at the same time, we have provided green channels and special passes for "point-to-point" transportation. In addition, a 10-member working group was stationed at the North Railway Station to take charge of the pick-up, guidance, guidance and overall service guarantee of the student team.

The reporter learned that there are more than 9,000 students in Weiyang Campus of Xi ‘an Medical College, and more than 6,000 people will return home by road and railway this Spring Festival.

Go to [tell the truth] > >

　　　　CCTV.com News (to be honest, broadcast on October 28th): Click to watch the video > > >

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 Wang Xuemei personally dissected more than 600 bodies.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 Wang Xuemei in life is a very fashionable woman.

　　Wang Xuemei, born in 1956, received a master’s degree in forensic medicine from Xi ‘an Medical University in 1986; In 1986, he went to the Supreme People’s Procuratorate to engage in forensic professional and technical work. He is currently the vice president of the Chinese Forensic Medicine Society and the deputy director of the the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Procuratorate Technology Information Research Center. He has organized and undertaken the forensic examination and appraisal of hundreds of serious and difficult cases submitted by provincial procuratorial organs. On behalf of the procuratorial organs, he participated in the forensic examination and appraisal of nearly 100 national-level serious and difficult cases.

　　In an ordinary office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Inspection Technology Information Research Center, we often receive some forensic review materials of difficult cases sent from all over the country. As a forensic expert in the information center, Wang Xuemei often has to face forensic examination and appraisal of some major cases, and her inspection conclusion will directly affect the final trial of the case.

　　For more than 20 years, she has participated in the forensic examination and identification of nearly 100 national-level serious and difficult cases on behalf of procuratorial organs, so she is called detective female forensic by the media.

　

　　　　　　　　　

　

　　　　　

Editor: Liu Yashu

　　On October 28th, an adult Yangtze finless porpoise was found dead on the beach near Jishan Mountain in duchang county, Jiangxi Province. According to the statistics of the public welfare organization for the protection of finless porpoises, this is the 21st Yangtze finless porpoise that died this year. In recent years, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises has been decreasing. In May this year, the Yangtze finless porpoise officially became a national first-class protected animal. Beijing Youth Daily reporter was informed yesterday that in order to better protect this "water spirit", the Yangtze finless porpoise ecological scientific expedition will officially set sail in November, which is the third Yangtze finless porpoise scientific expedition conducted in China after a lapse of five years.

　　The third Yangtze finless porpoise scientific research will be launched.

　　Yangtze finless porpoise is the only freshwater finless porpoise in the world. This round-headed, smiling creature has lived on earth for 25 million years. According to the statistics of scientific research in 2012, the population of Yangtze finless porpoise is about 1045, which is a veritable "giant panda in water".

　　In order to accurately grasp the population dynamics of the Yangtze finless porpoise and provide more basic technical information for the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise, the "2017 Yangtze finless porpoise ecological scientific investigation" led by the Ministry of Agriculture will be launched in November.

　　A person in charge of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the investigation will last for about 40 days, covering the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Yichang to Shanghai, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and the main tributaries of the Weihe River. On November 10th, two scientific research vessels will set sail from Wuhan, passing through Wuhan — Yichang — Wuhan — Shanghai — Wuhan, the whole journey is about 3400 kilometers. In addition to the main stream inspection, the expedition team will also inspect Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, the main habitats of finless porpoises. About 30 scientific researchers participated in the investigation, which were divided into visual group, acoustic group and environmental monitoring group.

　　According to the person in charge, this expedition referred to the investigation plans in 2006 and 2012, and mainly used visual observation and acoustic monitoring to investigate the finless porpoise. Different from previous years, this investigation will make an in-depth investigation of the finless porpoise habitat, including water quality, surrounding environment, sailing ships and fishing activities, and take photos of it with drones. In addition, the scope of this expedition will be wider. In addition to two scientific research vessels in the main stream, some tributaries will also be inspected by speedboats.

　　21 finless porpoises have been found dead this year.

　　The finless porpoise has lived in the Yangtze River basin for 25 million years. However, it was not until 2006 that people discovered that this beautiful creature called "smiling angel" was accelerating to leave us. In 2006, an international investigation team composed of scientists from seven countries, including China, the United States, Britain, Switzerland, Japan, Germany and India, conducted a large-scale investigation on freshwater dolphins in the Yangtze River, and conducted a comprehensive investigation on the living conditions of finless porpoises.

　　After a 39-day and 3,400-kilometer arduous search by experts from seven countries, the expedition team found no trace of baiji. In 2007, the British academic journal "The Royal Society’s Biological Letterhead" published the report of "2006 Yangtze finless porpoise investigation" by scientists from seven countries, officially announcing the functional extinction of baiji. The living conditions of finless porpoises are also not optimistic. Only 700 to 900 finless porpoises have been found in the 1667-kilometer section of the main stream from Yichang to Shanghai. Scientists estimate that with the populations of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, the Yangtze finless porpoise population is about 1,800, with an annual decline rate of 6.4%.

　　In 2012, in order to find out the living conditions of freshwater dolphins in the Yangtze River again, the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Wuhan Baiji Dolphin Conservation Foundation conducted another investigation on the Yangtze River dolphins. After 44 days of investigation, no baiji was observed, and a total of 380 Yangtze finless porpoises were found visually. Compared with 851 in 2006, the population of finless porpoises decreased obviously. The investigation team estimated that the Yangtze finless porpoise population was about 1,045, including about 450 in Poyang Lake, about 90 in Dongting Lake and about 505 in the main stream of the Yangtze River, with an annual decline rate of 13.7% more than twice that before 2006.

　　In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to the protection of finless porpoises. Zhang Kunyu, a finless porpoise protection volunteer, told Beiqing Daily that volunteers would register every dead finless porpoise found. Since the first dead finless porpoise was found in yugan county, Shangrao City in February 2017, 21 finless porpoises have died. "If we register one end, there will definitely be omissions, and the actual situation may be more than this number." Zhang Kunyu said.

　　On October 28th, a location photographer found a dead adult finless porpoise on the beach while collecting wind at Xiaba Beach, Jishan, duchang county, with its body moderately decomposed. Wuhan Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences transported the dead finless porpoise away to further analyze the cause of death.

　　Volunteers patrol more than 300 days a year.

　　There is also a group of people guarding this group of "water elves". He Shouxiu is a volunteer of Yueyang Dongdongting Ecological Protection Association, who calls himself "the guardian of Dongting".

　　The main threat of Yangtze finless porpoise comes from illegal fishing. "In the past, a net mouth of a fishing net could be inserted into four fingers. Now, no chopsticks can be inserted, and even small fish can’t escape." Zhang Kunyu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that this kind of fishing method made the fishery resources in the Yangtze River basin seriously scarce and indirectly affected the survival of finless porpoises.

　　In addition, the use of poisonous fish, fried fish, electric fishing, ecstasy, rolling hooks and other fishing tools used in illegal fishing will directly harm the finless porpoise. "I have seen a dead finless porpoise with more than a dozen hooks, which is very cruel." He Shouxiu said.

　　The bigger threat comes from the deterioration of habitat. "The endangered finless porpoise is different from the Tibetan antelope. The endangered Tibetan antelope is mainly due to poaching. When the state strengthens the punishment for poaching, the number of Tibetan antelopes will rise rapidly. The finless porpoise is different. Their endangered is due to the destruction of the entire habitat." He Shouxiu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that sand digging, shipping and water pollution would damage the habitat of finless porpoises and threaten their survival.

　　"365 days a year, we have more than 300 days on patrol." He Shouxiu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that once illegal fishing was discovered, it would be reported to the local fishery administration, which would handle it. In order to better patrol, volunteers also set up a protection station in Dongdongting area to achieve all-round protection 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

　　In 2015, the first protection station was established in Bianshan Island. According to the volunteers’ observation, there is a stable and active finless porpoise population near Bianshan Island, and illegal fishing in Bianshan Island is basically banned because of their 24-hour round-the-clock guarding. However, the finless porpoise moves with the fish. In order to better protect it, at the end of 2016, the association purchased a large ship and established a mobile finless porpoise protection station, which will dynamically protect them with the movement of the finless porpoise. "Next, we will go to Coal Bay, which is remote, with weak law enforcement and serious illegal fishing."

　　Faithful wife. Thanks to the efforts of volunteers, the number of finless porpoises in Dongting Lake has increased significantly. The results of scientific research in 2012 showed that the number of Yangtze finless porpoises in Dongting Lake basin was around 90. According to the observation of the guardian of Dongting Lake, the number of finless porpoises in Dongting Lake basin is about 120 at present. "This is a very rare result. The finless porpoise only gives birth to one baby a year, and the female finless porpoise will take care of the finless porpoise for another year, so it is very difficult to keep the number stable."

　　Text/trainee reporter Zhang Yue Meng

　　In the two experiments conducted successively in the first half of 2018, Haiyan, which has independent intellectual property rights in Tianjin University, achieved the set goals with superior performance, and achieved a new breakthrough in the working depth and sailing mileage of domestic water gliders — —

　　In April, the "Haiyan" 10,000-meter water glider dived to 8,213 meters in the waters near the Mariana Trench, setting a world record for the working depth of the water glider;

　　On May 14th, "Haiyan — L "has been running continuously for 119 days, 862 profiles have been completed, and the sailing mileage is 2,272.4 kilometers, once again setting a new record for domestic underwater gliders, such as the longest continuous working time, the most measured profiles and the longest cruising range.

　　From the depth of 100 meters in 2005 to 500 meters in 2009 and 8213 meters in 2018, the "Haiyan" research team started from scratch and turned the dream of "asking about the sea" into reality step by step.

　　More than 10 years of painstaking research, demonstration application "show your talents"

　　Shaped like a torpedo, it is 2.3 meters long (excluding antenna), 0.22 meters in diameter and weighs about 78 kilograms. Compared with the traditional unmanned cableless submersible (AUV), Haiyan is light and thin.

　　"Haiyan" of Tianjin University — — The project "Key Technologies and Applications of Hybrid-driven Underwater Vehicle" focuses on a new type of unmanned cableless underwater autonomous vehicle. It combines buoyancy drive and propeller propulsion technology, which can not only achieve the same turning and horizontal movement as AUV, but also have the ability of profile gliding of traditional underwater gliders, and can do zigzag movement.

　　The world’s first underwater glider was born in 1991. "In 2001, I learned about the research progress of underwater gliders abroad in an article. The demand of marine environment and resource exploration makes the activity ability of underwater robots have to be extended from fixed points to a large range, from shallow sea to deep sea, from short time to all weather, and underwater gliders are an effective means to achieve these goals. So our team focused on the water glider. " Wang Shuxin, Vice President of Tianjin University, introduced.

　　Plus Wang Shuxin, there were only four or five core members of the team at that time. Due to the strict blockade of this technology abroad, the related research in China is still blank. We should start with the information, and do it ourselves from design to assembly.

　　"Without funds, we will do research in a small workshop for students to practice and test the water in the Youth Lake of Tianjin University." Wang Yanhui, a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University, was a master student at that time, and he has never left this research since he joined the team in 2002.

　　The cruising range is an important index of underwater unmanned glider, and finding the appropriate energy functional materials is the key. "In order to solve this problem, the project team conducted numerous brainstorming, and the experiment was conducted late at night every day. This state lasted for more than a month, but still nothing was achieved. During that time, everyone was suffering." Wang Yanhui said.

　　One night, Wang Shuxin had an inspiration: Try a paraffin wax used for the surface of clothes. "Unexpectedly, this is the energy material we have been searching for." Wang Yanhui and others were overjoyed by the test results.

　　In 2005, the team successfully developed the first generation of water gliders driven by temperature difference energy, with a working depth of 100 meters. In 2009, the second generation hybrid propulsion underwater glider "Haiyan" was successfully developed with a working depth of 500 meters. Also in this year, the team named it "Haiyan", which means that it is as light as a swallow and weather-beaten. "Haiyan" is also a spirit that supports project participants.

　　In the spring of 2014, Haiyan participated in the mid-term evaluation of standardized sea trials. Under the full supervision of the third party, it successfully completed a series of tasks such as single cycle, multi-cycle and long voyage, and set many records such as the longest trouble-free voyage, the longest time, the most profile movement and the largest working depth of the China underwater glider at that time.

　　Today, "Haiyan" has taken the lead in "showing its talents" in China’s key marine technologies and demonstration applications, and has been successfully applied to major national projects such as water quality monitoring of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, environmental investigation in the South China Sea and marine national defense construction.

　　8213 meters deep sea exploration, Mariana returned with honor.

　　Mariana Trench is the deepest trench on the earth at present. With the strong support of national ministries and commissions, the "Haiyan" team in 2018 has developed underwater glider products with different depth lineages, such as 200m, 1500m, 4000m and 10000m, making sufficient preparations for going to the Mariana Sea.

　　2 sets of Haiyan — 1500 "and 1" Haiyan — 4000 "and 1" Haiyan — 10,000 "went to sea at the same time, among which Haiyan — 10000”。 Although all the equipment has been tested in the laboratory, every member of the team still feels a lot of pressure.

　　“‘ Haiyan ’ Every time we go to the sea, our mood is as anxious as waiting for our children to return safely. " Wang Yanhui said, "Typhoon, undercurrent and great pressure on the seabed that may be encountered in the sea trial are of great significance to ‘ Haiyan ’ It is a challenge. "

　　"Sometimes, even if it comes back an hour or two late, it is a huge suffering for us." Yang Ming, a doctoral student of the research group and born in 1992, went to sea with Haiyan when he was doing his undergraduate graduation project four years ago. In his memory, the most worrying one was Haiyan — 4000 "is two hours later than the expected" home "time. "Everyone is hanging a heart, eagerly waiting for the computer to send ‘ Haiyan ’ The signal of returning. " Yang Ming said.

　　Internationally, it is not uncommon for water gliders to "get lost" in the experiment, but it is a real "needle in a haystack" to find them back. Worried about "Haiyan" getting lost, Li Haozhang, a 27-year-old doctoral student of the research group, even created a set of algorithms to estimate the possible position of the water glider within a few hours of its loss. Although this algorithm has not had a practical opportunity in Haiyan, which has a 100% recovery rate, in an experiment, the submersible of other teams was "accidentally" recovered.

　　"In the Mariana waters, five of us are on duty in turn. When the ship’s equipment is received ‘ Haiyan ’ We were all very excited when the signal came out of the water and marked its latitude and longitude position at that time. " Yang Ming said. After the scientific research ship recovered Haiyan, everyone downloaded the data it brought back at the first time. When the depth was 8213 meters, the whole team was boiling.

　　The average age is 39 years old, and more young people dream of the deep sea.

　　Yang Shaoqiong, a lecturer at the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University who joined the Haiyan team in 2017, found that this team with an average age of 39 was very different. Everyone seems to have a kind of spiritual strength, even if he works for more than ten hours every day, spends more than 100 days in the field every year, and often "floats" at sea, he has no complaints; They have strong hands-on ability. One person stands on the second deck to command, one person controls the crane, one person sets the net, and one person controls the cable, hooking, lifting, laying, unhooking and entering the water, all of which are "good hands"; They are hands-on, very serious, and they all feel "not practical" if they don’t do an experiment once … …

　　Being attacked by sharks, encountering dolphins, and helping the captain to repair the ship, they all experienced it in Wang Yanhui. Because of limited funds, they also gave up two or three thousand tons of scientific research vessels and rented small fishing boats. In 2013, when doing experiments in the South China Sea, the fishing boat broke down just after 20 or 30 nautical miles, and the deck began to enter the water. At that time, it was about 12 o’clock at night. Wang Yanhui and others were watching the test data of Haiyan while scouring the water to save themselves. "It’s quite scary to think about it now, but fortunately, the rescue boat arrived soon." In order not to delay the progress of the experiment, in the early morning, Wang Yanhui and others rented another fishing boat to go to sea.

　　"Haiyan — The research, design, manufacture, assembly and testing of the 10000 "water glider took less than one year. In order to catch up with the time, team members Niu Wendong, Lan Shiquan, Shao Lai, Li Yucong, Sun Chao, Mi Deyuan, Wang Chao, Sun Tongshuai, Lu Faliang and Cui Chenming often worked in the laboratory until 12 pm. In order to ensure the success of the sea trial, Li Haozhang, Zhang Shihe and Bai Yongmin persisted in their work during the Spring Festival, completed the assembly of the energy module and the control module, and set up several sets of automatic test systems, which can test multiple devices at the same time by one person.

　　"Depart from Qingdao to the sea near Mariana Trench, and typhoon ‘ Hide and seek ’ I walked hundreds of miles, but the ship was still shaking so badly that people couldn’t stand on it and things were scattered all over the floor. Even an old crew member like me who goes to sea every year is extremely uncomfortable. " Wang Yanhui said that most of the team that went to sea with him this time were young people born after 1990s, and they were even more seasick and unable to get to the station.

　　With its flexible and compact posture, "Haiyan" can follow marine animals for a long time, dance with whales and obtain data. It can also become a "Transformers" on the seabed by expanding professional instruments such as acoustics and optics, and show its talents in the field of ocean observation and detection. In 2017, 12 "Haiyan" aimed at the "mesoscale vortex" phenomenon, which lasted for nearly two months, successively formed a team and cooperated to form a network, and obtained the hydrological data of the typhoon transit sea area for the first time.

　　China Oceanographic Society and China Pacific Society have selected "Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress in China Ocean", among which "Haiyan" water glider ranks. "Our technology is constantly improving, and our dreams have become a reality little by little. This is the greatest pleasure and reward of our work." Wang Shuxin said.