On February 9, the Lantern Festival in Dongguan Street, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province was crowded with tourists. On that day, it was the Lunar Lantern Festival, and thousands of lanterns were hung in the market of Dongguan Street in Yangzhou, allowing citizens and tourists to enjoy the festive atmosphere of the Lantern Festival. China News Agency issued Zhang Bingtao photo

　　"Selling glutinous rice balls, selling glutinous rice balls, second brother’s glutinous rice balls are round and round …" The 9th is the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, and it’s time to eat Yuanxiao again. On the fifteenth day of the first month, why do you want to eat Yuanxiao?

　　Zhao Zhi Heng, an expert in Tianjin folklore, said that Yuanxiao is a holiday food, just like the rice cakes in the Spring Festival and the zongzi in the Dragon Boat Festival. Eating Yuanxiao symbolizes family reunion like a full moon, and places people’s good wishes for future life. Yuanxiao is made of glutinous rice, either solid or stuffed.

　　Folklore experts said that regardless of the north and the south, the 15th day of the first month is the day for family reunion to eat Yuanxiao. The food name "Yuanxiao" is said to have appeared in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty because people used to eat it on the night of the Lantern Festival. Shangyuan Night is the first full moon night in the New Year. "A full moon begins with a circle", and a full moon shines in the sky. People gather to eat Yuanxiao, which is shaped like a full moon, and has a very subtle correspondence with natural phenomena. "The moon and the stars are burning in the sky, and there are two yuanxiao on earth", which expresses the happy mood of people’s family reunion.

　　The moon on the Lantern Festival this year is unpredictable. Wang Sichao, a researcher at Purple Mountain Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that while the public is enjoying the full moon, a penumbral eclipse is also happening.

　　Wang Sichao introduced that the penumbral eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon that the moon enters the penumbra (a relatively bright part of the shadow) of the earth. At this time, the earth blocks part of the light from the sun to the moon, and the moon looks darker than usual. If you use a telescope to observe the moon, the feeling of darkening will be more obvious. Although the penumbral eclipse is not so spectacular and shocking, it is the best time to enjoy the full moon.

　　This penumbral eclipse started at 20: 37 Beijing time on the 9th and ended at 0: 40 on the 10th, and the whole process can be enjoyed throughout China. Among them, the eclipse, that is, the maximum penumbra eclipse, is around 22: 38, when it is the most appropriate time to observe the slightly dim moon. (Author: Zhou Runjian, Cai Yugao)

Editor: Liu Li

　　The children’s friends’ communication is a family problem as well as a social problem. How should parents rationally treat their children to make friends? Please listen to what parents and children think about this problem.

　　Give space, but don’t interfere.

　　■ Keep soldiers.

　　Shanghai civil servants

　　When my son was a child, I liked to watch him play with children outside, happy and carefree. Because at that time, parents often took it with them, and his children were basically children of neighbors or friends, so he didn’t worry about his circle of friends.

　　After junior high school, my son’s circle of friends has been expanding, and there are more and more new friends and good friends. It can be seen that these friends have given him greater attraction. After school, I began to grind and haw and went home late. When I got home, I stopped playing with me or even talking to me. I sometimes joke with him as usual, or make him talk, but he ignores me. Asked why, he said, "Your topic is so boring." I asked, "Then say something interesting." He said, "Nothing interesting."

　　Sometimes, in order to communicate with children, parents deliberately create a better chat environment, but unconsciously it becomes preaching, telling him how to make friends and what kind of friends he should make, but often after a few words, the child is impatient, feels distrustful of him, dissatisfied with his friends, or interferes with his freedom, and often ends the conversation with unhappiness.

　　I understand that an adolescent child is different from a child. He will change, have his own ideas, want to be free, want to be independent, don’t want to be constrained, have simple ideas, love and hate, and tend to "be near Zhu Zhechi, and those who are near Mexico are black". Therefore, for my son’s circle of friends, intellectually, I support children to make friends. Because children have their own psychological needs, their own range of activities, and they like to chat and play with friends, which is normal. To give him some free space, parents should not interfere too much. But in fact, I am worried that he has no ability to distinguish, makes friends carelessly, goes astray and goes astray.

　　In recent years, I have tried to understand children and try to understand them. But to be practical and realistic, for my children’s circle of friends, my performance is outward tolerance, inner worry, mental entanglement and psychological twist. It is really difficult to maintain a balance. I want to say, son, it’s not easy to understand you, and it’s also very difficult to be calm. I hope you can understand your parents’ pains, really make friends with them, and take your own path.

　　Weiyu arrangement

　　Know good friends in life

　　■ Ren Hongshu and Ren Shuqing

　　Grade Three Students of Yinhu Experimental Primary School in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province

　　Our twin brother will be 9 years old soon. We are inseparable from birth. My mother often tells my grandmother that we are like shadows, but we are inseparable.

　　Besides playing by ourselves, we have other good friends, but we seldom have the opportunity to meet our friends during the holidays because they are going to travel or have classes. This summer vacation, my mother gave us lessons in basketball, fighting and swimming. In swimming class, we met a new friend Xiao Chao, who often dived into the bottom with us and held his breath longer than anyone else. In the fighting class, we met a naughty 5-year-old little brother named Xiao Zi, who was beaten and cried when he practiced with us in "fighting actual combat". In basketball class, we also made a new friend. He always plays basketball games with our group. Mom said, let’s cherish our good friends and learn to be humble and help each other to become long-term friends, but we don’t have their contact information.

　　Later, we added five friends to each other with our phone watches, and we would talk about our favorite Altman in the watch’s friends group. Mom is our watch manager. She is always worried that we will make some strange and malicious friends, but what do we think is there to worry about? Mother gave us many examples reported in the news. She said that we should know something about online fraud, stealing bank account passwords, misleading children on online platforms and other illegal acts. She encourages us to find and know good friends in real life.

　　In fact, all the friends in our watch circle of friends know each other. We also told our mother that if we were strangers and friends, we would definitely ask our mother first. If this friend says something strange or bad when chatting with me, I will delete him. Under the reminder of the school teacher and mother, we have learned to tell the difference. My mother often said, "If you are near Zhu Zhechi, you will be black if you are near Mexico." She encouraged us to make more friends and learn to make friends with good character and easy to talk to. In fact, that’s what we think in our hearts. Let’s make progress together.

　　Hongyan arrangement

　　Timely guidance without leaving a trace

　　■ Yan Haiping

　　Police of Binzhou Public Security Bureau, Shandong Province

　　There are twin girls at home, and now they are going to the sixth grade of primary school soon. I didn’t interfere too much in the matter of children making friends, especially before the third grade of primary school. Children, what can you have in mind? You can play with whoever you are happy with.

　　There is a female classmate in the second daughter’s class. Because her mother and I are on good terms, the children have a good relationship. But this girl is particularly naughty. When she was in the third grade, she didn’t make progress in her studies. Sometimes she didn’t write her homework, and she always liked to make her temper. So many students didn’t like her and asked my daughter to ignore this female classmate. I said, what do you think? The second daughter said that others don’t like her, so I can’t ignore her, or she won’t have any friends. After all, we have been playing since childhood. Therefore, if the girl leaves the order at recess, the second daughter will accompany her and always regard her as one of her friends. Two years later, the girl stayed with her daughters in my mother’s house for a few days during the summer vacation of grade five. As a result, the walls of the house were scribbled, and one of grandma’s compact and lipstick was broken and the other could not be found. I asked three children, but they all said they didn’t know, but my mother retired and stayed at home all day, so I knew what was going on through many details. In front of the children, I couldn’t bear to tell the truth, so I educated the three children together.

　　Later, I gently mentioned the matter to the girl’s mother. She said that her daughter was like this at home. She often messed up her cosmetics, and even the hidden ones could not escape bad luck. After this incident, I didn’t say I wouldn’t let them play together, but when we talked, the daughters themselves said that if a person did something wrong and didn’t admit it, it would be related to quality. Later, I found that my daughters were gradually estranged from this girl.

　　I have paid attention to many educational cases and found that children who make so-called "bad friends" are often thirsty for the only friendship because they have no other friends and have a tense relationship with their parents, and few people are willing to listen to their voices. Therefore, after children come home from school, parents should chat with their children more often, and don’t ask about learning as soon as they come up. They can start with "What’s new in today’s class". Adults show their willingness to listen, and children are interested in talking and talking. At this time, if there is a problem, they can guide them in a timely manner without leaving a trace.

　　I firmly believe that if a family is warm, harmonious and loving, children will not feel lonely. Children with good personality, natural friends, strong selectivity, will naturally compare, identify and screen.

　　Those who believe in people will be faithful to them.

　　■ Yixi Zhuo Ma

　　Ninth-grade students of Lhasa No.7 Middle School in Tibet

　　My parents are very supportive of my social interaction and respect my choice of friends. I am shy, so I don’t have many friends, but my parents trust me, which makes me feel relaxed. My friends’ parents know each other, and sometimes my parents take me and my friends to get together.

　　I am not allowed to bring my mobile phone during school, so I will use my parents’ mobile phone for a short time when I am at home on weekends, and I just talk to my friends about my weekend homework, watch short videos after finishing my homework, and basically never send a circle of friends.

　　I like my parents’ trust and support, so I am very willing to share with them what I have experienced in school. Sometimes I have some unhappiness with my classmates and ask my parents what to do. Usually, they are very patient, and then tell me that friendship is indispensable, treat people sincerely, respect others and live in peace with classmates.

　　As a middle school student, we spend less time with our parents and more time with our classmates and friends. I think friends are the people we are most close to in our lives, and they have a great influence on me. But our middle school students’ outlook on life is not perfect. If we don’t pay attention to making friends, it will have a very bad influence on us. I saw on TV that some middle school students delayed their studies because they staggered their friends, and even embarked on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes.

　　In my opinion, another thing that my parents can rest assured about making friends with me is that I will grasp the criteria for choosing friends. If you have common aspirations, interests and lofty moral character, you can meet each other with your heart, treat each other sincerely, be honest, reliable and upright, because the most important thing for a person is his character, and of course, the same interests are also important. But if a person’s character is not good, even if he has more hobbies in common, it is useless.

　　In my opinion, true friends should be intimate, intimate and caring for each other. To maintain a good relationship between friends, we should first trust each other. As the ancients said, "People who believe in others are faithful to each other." Therefore, if you want to gain the trust of your friends, you must first trust your friends, and it is fundamental to treat each other with sincerity. At the same time, I should try to cultivate a wide range of interests and establish friendship with my classmates in various activities.

　　Our reporter Qiong Da Zhuo Ga finishing

　　Listen carefully and stay "online"

　　■ Wang Huizhen

　　Staff of Propaganda Department of Party Committee of China Railway No.20 Bureau No.5 Company

　　Around us, we often hear many parents share their true stories about setting up a "circle of friends" for their children. For example, do a comprehensive "scan" of children’s friends’ academic performance, conduct habits, and even their parents’ levels, circles, and views, and measure whether the door is improper? Household, right? Compare one by one and set an excellent "circle of friends" for your children.

　　We all hope that our children can make friends with excellent people, but children also have people with similar interests.

　　I remember when my son was in elementary school, he told me anxiously one day: "Mom, the head teacher talked to me today and told me to stay away from GP, saying that he would affect my study. But I just want to make friends with him. He is very loyal … …” I know that GP is my son’s best friend, but also a famous "poor student" in the class.

　　Although I have always believed that academic performance is not the only criterion for children to make friends, the "notice" of the head teacher really makes me uneasy. After dinner, I talked to my son about his good friend. "Do you want to go to college with GP?" "Of course." I immediately asked, "Would you like to help him improve his grades? If his grades are good, the teacher will not hinder you from making friends. " "I do!" So, for a long time, my son not only took time to help GP with his lessons, but also made great efforts in his own study. He said that he can help his good friends better if he is better.

　　At that moment, I was extremely gratified.

　　One day not long ago, I was watching the official Tik Tok of our company, and suddenly I caught a small video of my son singing and dancing. When I looked intently, my 15-year-old son actually registered a Tik Tok account, which also published many works of his self-portrait. There were classmates and playmates in the circle of friends, Xueba, who won the first place in the joint entrance examination of the three schools, and "scum" who was famous on the list and failed in many subjects … …

　　At that moment, I was a little panicked. In the past, the child who kept chasing his mother every day suddenly had his own "circle of friends". And I am not a member of the circle.

　　For my son’s "circle of friends", I always tell myself: give up the desire to control and guide it properly. I didn’t blame my son for opening the Tik Tok, and I didn’t blame him for not reporting to me. I just reminded him that he must be moderate in making videos and be more careful in replying to comments from strangers. I don’t restrict him from joining the "the glory of the king" game clearance group, but I will tell him not to add strangers as friends casually. I don’t restrict his freedom to make friends, but I will talk to him about what happens at school every day at the "heart-to-heart meeting" before going to bed at night and exchange my views with him.

　　Now, I have successfully entered my son’s "circle of friends". As always, listen carefully and stay "online".

　　Make friends who give positive energy.

　　■ Chen Yuange

　　Senior one students in the middle school attached to Beijing People’s Congress.

　　My parents have always been concerned about my friends, but they don’t interfere, guide but don’t interfere. I believe they, like all parents in the world, want to use their experience to help their children choose friends because they are worried that their children will be infected with bad habits.

　　They never tell me who you should or should not make friends with, nor do they instill values directly into me. They want me to have my own thinking and judgment, and establish the correct and my own criteria for making friends.

　　For example, they will ask me, "You like playing with someone recently. Can you tell me what his advantages are?" "What makes you want to be friends with him?" "You wish you could be like him, don’t you?" This way, I can see my inner standards when making friends, and I can communicate with people according to my inner needs in the future.

　　At the same time, they encouraged and led me to make more and better friends. Mom and dad often ask, "Are you happy when you play with your friends?" "Friends are very important to you. What do you think you should do to maintain a good relationship with your friends?" In this way, I unconsciously made some good friends who can give me positive energy.

　　Because of my parents’ inner guidance and letting go, I learned to communicate with children since I was a child, so I have always had a good relationship with my classmates at school. I have all kinds of friends around me, some of whom have common hobbies and similar personalities, and some of whom have good relationships just because they can talk. I think as long as I am a friend, I will cherish this friendship. For the intimate, we will communicate more, share our happiness and share each other’s sadness. For other friends, I will also listen, help or ask for help, while we don’t bother each other at ordinary times. In this way, I will not only be influenced by some friends’ bad habits, but also maintain good relations with all my classmates.

　　I think parents should not interfere too much with their children’s circle of friends, but should give their children the right to make friends. Too much interference from parents does more harm than good. Adult communication is more complicated, but children are different. Their friendship is simple and pure. It is obviously unreasonable to measure the friendship between children by the rules of making friends for adults. However, parents’ non-interference does not mean laissez-faire. Parents should be the supervisors of their children’s circle of friends, and once they find problems, they should help their children solve them decisively. In the critical period of children’s habit formation, if children learn bad behaviors when making friends with others and parents fail to correct them in time, bad habits will be completely formed in the future. So I think parents should not interfere, but should supervise rationally.

Enter [Chao Wen Tian Xia] > >

　　CCTV News (Chao Wen Tian Xia):

　　Both male and female beach volleyball players from China advanced to the top 16.

　　On 14th, China men’s and women’s beach volleyball ushered in a match each. In the women’s sand volleyball preliminaries in the morning, China’s Zhang Xi/Xue Chen played against the South African team Augustine Des/Nell, who was the weakest in the group, and finally won the battle with 2: 0, and successfully advanced to the top 16. In the men’s sand volleyball group match in the afternoon, China team Wu Penggen/Xu Linyin beat Spanish player Pablo 2-0? Herrera/Raul? Mesa. Win all three games and advance to the top 16 with the first place in the group.

　　The boxing men’s 69 kg class China’s Hanati Slamu advanced to the quarter-finals.

　　On the afternoon of 14th, in the men’s 69kg boxing eighth competition of the Beijing Olympic Games, China’s Hanatisramu beat Cameroonian’s Joseph by 9-4. Mulema, made it to the quarter-finals. Hanatisramu won the bronze medal in last year’s World Championships.

　　China’s Zhang Xiaoping in the boxing men’s 81kg class advanced to the quarter-finals.

　　China’s Zhang Xiaoping met Russian artur, runner-up of last year’s World Championships, in the men’s 81kg eighth boxing competition at the Beijing Olympic Games, which ended on the afternoon of 14th. Bette Bief. After four rounds of fierce fighting, Zhang Xiaoping finally beat his opponent with an advantage of 8-2 and successfully advanced to the quarter-finals.

　　China lost to Spain in men’s handball preliminaries and suffered a three-game losing streak.

　　In the third round of men’s handball preliminaries, China lost to Spain 22-36 and suffered a three-game losing streak. This Olympic Games is the first time for China men’s handball team to play in the Olympic Games. Due to the gap in strength, the purpose of this competition for China men’s handball team is to train. In the first match, China, a European powerhouse, lost to her opponent 19-33. In the second match, China lost the match again with the same score of 19-33.

　　China lost to Italy in the water polo preliminaries.

　　On 14th, Yingdong Swimming Pool held six men’s water polo preliminaries. In the end, Croatia beat Germany 13-5, the United States lost to Serbia 2-4, Hungary beat Spain 8-5, Montenegro beat Greece 10-6, Australia beat Canada 8-5, and China lost to Italy 7-19 in the final match.

　　China’s women’s softball team lost 3-1 to Australia.

　　China women’s softball team lost 1-3 to the Australian team in the 9th preliminary round of the Beijing Olympic Games held in Fengtai Softball Field on the morning of 14th. This is the first defeat of the China Women’s Basketball Team since the Beijing Olympic Games. Previously, the powerful China women’s softball team defeated the Netherlands 10-2 and Venezuela 7-1 respectively, winning two consecutive victories. Australia was defeated by Japan and the United States respectively. In the match with China, the Australian women’s softball team can be said to be last stand, who hit two beautiful home runs and won the first victory of the Beijing Olympic Games.

　　Women’s hockey: China lost to the Netherlands 0-1.

　　On the morning of 14th, the women’s hockey competition of Beijing Olympic Games started the third round of the group match. China Women’s Song ushered in the strongest opponent after the start of the competition, the Netherlands, which ranks first in the world. After the start of the game, the Dutch team organized a very fierce counter-grab in the frontcourt relying on its physical advantage and strong impact, and used the opportunity of free kick to continuously put pressure on China, while the China team was relatively passive. In the 21st minute of the game, the Dutch team seized the opportunity of short-corner kick to shoot successfully, leading 1-0, and the score was kept to the end. China’s women’s songs lost 0-1 to the world’s best team, the Netherlands.

Editor: Wang Chao

　　BEIJING, Beijing, January 24 (Ren Jing) Starting from the 24th, the registration for the qualification examination for primary and secondary school teachers (written examination) will begin in the first half of 2022, and this examination will be held in 30 provinces across the country. In recent years, the registration fever of teacher qualification examination has been rising continuously, and the "teaching-funded fever" has been concerned by public opinion. Experts said that the increasing professional attraction of teachers and the increase in the number of college graduates have all increased the registration fever of teaching-funded examinations.

　　Image source: China Education Examination Network

　　30 provinces started to register for the written test on March 12 today.

　　According to the information from the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, the registration for the qualification examination for primary and secondary school teachers (written examination) in the first half of 2022 will start on January 24th, and the written examination will be held in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) (Tibet is currently only held in the second half).

　　It is worth noting that the registration time for this exam was originally scheduled for January 14th, but due to the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in some provinces, the registration start time was postponed to January 24th.

　　According to the current teacher qualification examination method, the examination is held twice a year in most provinces, and the general written examination is arranged in March of the first half of the year and November of the second half of the year, 1-mdash ahead of schedule; Start registration in 2 months. A few days ago, 30 provinces announced the registration of primary and secondary school teachers’ qualification examinations in the first half of this year. According to local announcements, the date of this exam (written test) is March 12th.

　　The topic of "funding fever" has attracted attention.

　　In recent years, the topic of hot research on teaching funds has attracted public attention. According to the data of the Ministry of Education, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the average number of qualified teachers was over 1.6 million, an increase of about 37% compared with the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" year.

　　In recent years, the teacher qualification examination has been held twice a year, and the number of applicants for each examination is over one million. In 2016, the number of applicants for the teacher qualification examination totaled 2.6 million, reaching 4.1 million in 2017 and climbing to 9 million in 2019. In the registration of teaching examination in the second half of last year, the number of applicants in some provinces is still rising.

　　According to Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at China Education Research Institute, in recent years, one of the main reasons for the "fever" of teaching-funded examinations is the ever-increasing scale of college graduates. Under the employment competition, holding certificates means an extra way out.

　　"From the overall environment, teachers’ salaries and benefits are constantly improving, and the state has given priority to the preparation. The attractiveness of teachers’ careers in the future is increasing, which is the background of the rising popularity of teaching-funded examinations." Zhang Xiaojing, an expert from Huatu Education Research Institute, analyzed that in recent years, the country has raised the entry threshold for teachers, and the teacher qualification certificate has become a necessary condition for teachers inside and outside the department, which is also an important reason for the rising popularity of the teaching examination.

　　These people can be qualified as teachers without examination.

　　On the eve of the registration of this teaching-funded examination, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Promoting the Qualification Reform of Primary and Secondary School Teachers for Normal Students’ Exemption from Examination, demanding that the reform of exemption from examination be carried out among normal students in relevant colleges and universities on the basis of the reform of exemption from examination for education postgraduates and public-funded normal students.

　　The notice pointed out that teachers’ majors in colleges and universities that joined the pilot provinces of the national primary and secondary school teacher qualification examination reform in 2017 and before can participate in the examination-free certification reform from 2022.

　　The circular requires that institutions of higher learning that implement the examination-free accreditation reform should establish and improve the assessment system of normal students’ educational and teaching ability, and classify and determine the teaching sections and disciplines according to the talent training objectives of normal majors.

　　If the relevant institutions of higher learning arbitrarily expand the scope of exemption accreditation, or fail to issue the "Certificate of Professional Abilities for Teachers of Normal Students" for unqualified students, or neglect their duties or engage in malpractices for selfish ends in the reform of exemption accreditation, they will cancel the qualification of exemption accreditation for relevant normal majors in schools according to discipline and regulations, reduce the enrollment index of relevant normal majors in schools, and investigate the responsibilities of the principal responsible persons and relevant personnel of schools. (End)

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education today issued the Announcement of the 2020 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (hereinafter referred to as the Announcement). The "Announcement" mentioned that the initial test time for the national postgraduate entrance examination in 2020 will be from December 21 to December 22, 2019; Exam subjects with more than 3 hours will be held on December 23rd. The details are as follows:

　　First, the initial test time

　　The initial examination time of the 2020 national postgraduate entrance examination is from December 21 to December 22, 2019 (8:30-11:30 am and 14:00-17:00 pm every day). Exam subjects with a duration of more than 3 hours will be held on December 23rd (starting time is 8:30, and the deadline is determined by the admissions unit, not exceeding 14:30).

　　The examination time is based on Beijing time. The state will not recognize the postgraduate entrance examination that is not held on the specified date.

　　Second, the initial test subjects

　　The initial test methods are all written tests.

　　On the morning of December 21st, the comprehensive ability of ideological and political theory and management was jointly tested.

　　Foreign language in the afternoon of December 21st.

　　On the morning of December 22, business class 1

　　On the afternoon of December 22nd, Business Class II

　　Examination subjects with an examination time of more than 3 hours on December 23rd.

　　The examination time for each subject is generally 3 hours; The longest examination time for special subjects such as architectural design shall not exceed 6 hours.

　　For detailed examination time, examination subjects and relevant requirements, please refer to the Admission Ticket and the announcement of test sites and enrollment units.

　　Third, the registration requirements

　　The registration of postgraduate entrance examination includes two stages: online registration and on-site confirmation. All candidates who take the postgraduate entrance examination are required to register online, and go to the registration site to confirm the online newspaper information, collect their own images and other related electronic information, and pay the registration fee as required.

　　In principle, fresh graduates should choose the registration point designated by the provincial education entrance examination institution where their school is located to handle online registration and on-site confirmation procedures; Candidates for individual examinations should choose the registration points designated by the provincial education entrance examination institutions where the admissions unit is located to handle online registration and on-site confirmation procedures; Other candidates (including professional degree candidates in business administration, public administration, tourism management and engineering management) should choose the registration point designated by the provincial education entrance examination institution where their work or residence is located to handle online registration and on-site confirmation procedures.

　　The technical service of online registration is the responsibility of the National College Students’ Information Consultation and Employment Guidance Center. On-site confirmation shall be organized by the provincial education entrance examination institutions.

　　Fourth, online registration

　　Online registration time is from October 10 to October 31, 2019, from 9: 00 to 22: 00 every day. The forecast time is from September 24 to September 27, 2019, from 9: 00 to 22: 00 every day.

　　Candidates should log in to "China Postgraduate Admissions Information Network" (public website http://yz.chsi.com.cn, education website http：//yz.chsi.com.cn, hereinafter referred to as "research recruitment network") to register. Before registering, please be sure to browse the application instructions in advance and register according to the online announcements of the Ministry of Education, provincial education entrance examination institutions, registration points and enrollment units.

　　During the registration period, candidates can modify the online registration information or fill in the registration information again. In order to avoid occupying more test places and affecting other candidates’ application, one candidate can only keep one valid registration information.

　　Candidates only fill in one major of an enrollment unit when registering. After the examination is over and the Ministry of Education announces the basic requirements for the candidates’ initial test scores for re-examination, the candidates can learn about the adjustment methods and planned balance of the enrollment units through the adjustment service system of "Yanzhaowang", and independently fill in multiple adjustment volunteers in parallel according to relevant regulations.

　　During the registration period, candidates’ academic qualifications (student status) information will be checked online, and candidates can check the results of academic qualifications (student status) online. Candidates can also log on to the "China Higher Education Student Information Network" (website http://www.chsi.com.cn) to check their academic qualifications (student status) information before or during registration. Candidates who fail to pass the online verification of academic qualifications (student status) should complete the verification of academic qualifications (student status) within the time specified by the enrollment unit.

　　Candidates should accurately fill in personal online registration information and provide real materials as required. If you can’t take the exam, retest or admit because of the wrong information in the online newspaper or the false information, the consequences will be borne by the candidates themselves.

　　For the specific requirements and precautions for online registration, please refer to the Regulations on the Administration of National Postgraduate Enrollment in 2020 (published in http://www.moe.gov.cn, official website, Ministry of Education) and the application notes for "Research and Recruitment Network".

　　There is plenty of time for online registration. It is recommended that the majority of candidates arrange the registration time reasonably to avoid the initial and final peaks of registration and avoid the influence of network congestion on registration. No supplementary report will be made after the deadline, and the registration information will not be modified.

　　V. On-site confirmation

　　On-site confirmation of the specific time and requirements shall be determined and announced by the provincial education entrance examination institutions according to the application situation in the region.

　　Candidates are requested to pay attention to the announcements issued by provincial education entrance examination institutions in time, and complete on-site verification and confirmation of personal online registration information, payment of registration fees, and collection of personal image information as required. Do not reissue it after the deadline.

　　Candidates should submit their resident ID card, academic degree certificate (fresh graduates hold student ID card) and online registration number when confirming on site, which will be checked by the staff at the registration point. Candidates who apply for the special postgraduate enrollment plan of "Retired University Student Soldiers" should also submit their original or photocopy of the "Approval Letter for Joining the Army" and "Retirement Certificate".

　　Candidates should carefully understand and choose to fill in their volunteers in strict accordance with the application conditions and relevant policy requirements. Online registration information will not be modified after the candidates confirm it on the spot.

　　Sixth, print the admission ticket

　　From December 14 to December 23, 2019, candidates can log in to the "Research and Recruitment Network" with their online username and password to download and print the "Admission Ticket" themselves. The Admission Ticket is printed in A4 format white paper, and the front and back sides shall not be altered or written during use. Candidates take the initial test and re-test with the downloaded and printed Admission Ticket and valid resident ID card.

　　Candidates are requested to take good care of their user names, passwords, Admission Tickets, resident ID cards and other documents to avoid losses caused by leakage.

　　VII. Others

　　For other matters related to the entrance examination, please refer to the Regulations on the Administration of National Postgraduate Admissions in 2020, or visit the "Research and Recruitment Network" to browse the application instructions and the online announcements of relevant units.

　　In order to help candidates understand the enrollment policy, the graduate enrollment units will launch the 2020 National Postgraduate Enrollment Publicity and Consultation Week on the "Research and Recruitment Network" from September 19th to 23rd, when the relevant graduate enrollment units will answer the questions of the majority of candidates online.

[In December, a total of 53.284 billion yuan of lottery tickets were sold nationwide, down 13.8% year-on-year] On January 29th, the Ministry of Finance released the national lottery ticket sales in December 2023. In December, a total of 53.284 billion yuan of lottery tickets were sold nationwide, down 8.565 billion yuan year-on-year, down 13.8%. Among them, the sales of welfare lottery institutions was 17.476 billion yuan, an increase of 5.646 billion yuan, an increase of 47.7%; The sales of sports lottery institutions reached 35.808 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 14.211 billion yuan or 28.4%. Mainly due to the high base of the pulling factors of the football World Cup in the same period last year. From January to December, the national lottery sales totaled 579.696 billion yuan, an increase of 155.044 billion yuan or 36.5%. Among them, the sales of welfare lottery institutions was 194.441 billion yuan, an increase of 46.311 billion yuan, an increase of 31.3%; The sales of sports lottery institutions reached 385.255 billion yuan, an increase of 108.733 billion yuan or 39.3%.

The first cold, freezing rain and snow weather in 2024

People in Guangxi are shivering with cold.

As soon as many friends get home,

I took it out.

The same "standard movements" as in summer:

Turn on the air conditioner, set it to 26℃ and start heating.

but

Blow for a while

I always feel that something is wrong …

The air conditioner is turned on to 26℃ in summer.

You can stay indoors.

Wear short-sleeved shorts and have fun

Why is it open to 26℃ in winter?

anyway/no matter what/ in any case

You have to wear long-sleeved trousers.

It doesn’t feel too warm, does it

in fact

Many people will have it in their hearts

Questions like this:

26℃ of air conditioner in summer

It feels like that.

In winter,

The total feeling is "false 26℃"

I can’t help but doubt my life.

Don’t blow a lonely?

Dig into the reason

It’s a little complicated

Take you to reveal the secret

There is nothing wrong with your body feeling.

The temperature of 26℃ in air-conditioned rooms in winter is just different.

First of all, expose a truth that many people don’t know:

Setting the air conditioner to 26℃ does not mean that the wind blown by the machine is 26℃, but that we want the indoor temperature to become 26℃.

Therefore, the summer temperature is 35℃, and we set the air conditioner at home to 26℃. In order to lower the room temperature to this temperature, the air conditioner will blow cold air; When the temperature is 0℃ in winter, we set the air conditioner at home to 26℃. In order to raise the room temperature to this temperature, the air conditioner will blow hot air.

The above is easy to understand, but then another key knowledge point comes: cold air has a large proportion, love to run down, warm air has a small proportion, and love to flee up.

We often install the air conditioner on the wall two or three meters above the ground, and the components that sense the ambient temperature in the air conditioner are also located in the high place of the room, that is, the place where warm air gathers.

So, when everyone sets the air conditioner to 26℃ in winter, the people who stay under the air conditioner haven’t warmed up yet, but the air conditioner in the high place has "felt" that the indoor temperature is 26℃, which is warm enough and the task is completed.

In addition, the temperature of the wall is quite different in winter and summer.

Let’s assume that the indoor temperature is the same in winter and summer, and the temperature distribution in the room is even, but you will still be significantly colder in winter. Why? Because the wall is cold, it is also conducting heat.

Heat will flow from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects, so in winter, the walls of air-conditioned rooms will continuously conduct and transport warm heat to the cold outdoor. So if you want to really feel the indoor warmth of 26℃, wait for the wall to heat up slowly.

Wet air cooling

It will also weaken the "power" of air conditioning heating.

In addition, specifically to the southern region, another reason why air conditioning is not so warm in winter is wet and cold. Because of the cold water hidden in the air, it absorbs the heat from your skin all the time. When they are dried and evaporated by your body temperature, they will take away some heat.

Wet cold is everywhere, between clothes and skin, between socks and feet. As long as there is air, this wet cold will accompany you. Therefore, in winter, we might as well try the "dehumidification" mode of air conditioning first. When you feel the air is drier, is it warmer?

Dry mouth and nosebleed

"Winter air conditioning disease" can not be ignored either.

However, solving the wet and cold, another problem that comes with it may be air-conditioning disease in winter.

Everyone is familiar with air-conditioning diseases in summer, and there are also air-conditioning diseases in winter, which can not be ignored. People who stay in air-conditioned rooms for a long time in winter may have symptoms such as dry mouth, dizziness, sore throat, cough, irritability, tight skin, etc. Many people wake up in the morning and feel thirsty and even have nasal bleeding.

In addition, in rooms where floor heating and heating are used, people are also prone to "heating sickness", and the symptoms are similar to air conditioning sickness. The reason is nothing more than two factors: too high temperature and too low humidity.

First of all, under normal circumstances, the human body will evaporate about 1000 ml of water every day, including 600~700 ml through the skin and 300~400 ml through the respiratory tract. After heating, the room is dry, and the human body loses more water. In such an environment for a long time, many systems of the body will be unsuitable.

In addition, if the heating temperature at home is too high and the air continues to be dry, it will cause the secretion of respiratory mucosa to decrease. In addition, in order to keep warm, the window ventilation will be reduced, and dust and bacteria at home will attach to the mucosa, which will easily lead to diseases such as upper respiratory tract infection and bronchial asthma.

Dry air in the air-conditioned room will aggravate the evaporation of tears, cause insufficient wetting of the angle and conjunctiva, and cause dry eyes and visual fatigue. In addition, when people stare at mobile phones, computers and other electronic screens, they will unconsciously reduce the number of blinks, and the secretion of tears is insufficient, which will easily induce dry eye syndrome over time. Exposure to air-conditioned environment will accelerate the loss of water in the skin, leading to symptoms such as dryness, tightness, peeling, roughness and itching.

Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay special attention to it. When the indoor temperature is high, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases go out to contact cold air, which will easily lead to vasoconstriction and spasm, and blood pressure will suddenly change. When the organism is short of water, it will easily lead to the increase of blood viscosity, which may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Correct prevention of "air conditioning disease" and "heating disease" in winter can start from the following points:

1. When using air conditioner, adjust the direction of air outlet.

In winter, when the air conditioner is heating, the temperature is too high, the temperature rises too fast, and it is blowing directly on the human body, which will cause some problems. Therefore, the air conditioner should be adjusted to medium wind and the tuyere should be adjusted to blow down.

2. Air conditioning temperature should not be too high, pay attention to regular ventilation.

If the indoor temperature is too high, it will easily lead to cough and chapped lips. It is necessary to control the indoor temperature and humidity and keep the air circulating. The room temperature is preferably between 18℃ and 22℃, and it is guaranteed to open the window twice a day for at least half an hour each time.

3. Keep indoor air humidity.

To prevent the room from being too dry, it is recommended to keep the humidity at 50%~60%, and a humidifier can be placed in the room to increase the air humidity. At the same time, you can also put pots of water in the house, or put some aquatic plants to adjust the indoor humidity. Note that the humidifier can’t always be on.

4. Pay attention to replenish water in time.

Being in an air-conditioned room for a long time will make your skin dry and rough, so you should pay attention to hydrating, drink 1500~2000 ml of water every day, or eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.

Source | Popular Science China, Henan CDC, Health Times, Public Health, etc.

Reprinted only as a guide to life or popular science. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.

END

Advertising cooperation, promotional films, feature films, teaching films, popular science animation films and conference celebrations are welcome. Please contact us at 0771- 5876285.

Don’t understand the area mentioned in Guangxi weather forecast? This meteorological geographical division of Guangxi is very clear! refined

Five misunderstandings of carbon monoxide poisoning: Did you "step on thunder"? colour

How to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning by bathing in winter? return

Pay attention to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when the cold wave strikes and the weather is cold! attend to

I think it looks good, please click "Looking!

Keep sliding to see the next one.

Do you feel that the air conditioner blows "fake 26℃" in winter? Not an illusion! Touch the weather in Guangxi to read the original text

Guangxi weather praise sharing is reading and writing messages, sliding up to see the next one.

Original title: "I feel that the air conditioner blows" fake 26 C "in winter? Not an illusion! 》

　　According to media reports, Cheng Siwei revealed that the real estate industry has been included in the top ten industrial revitalization plans in the State Council. In this regard, the reporter of Economic Half-hour interviewed Cheng Siwei exclusively this morning. He told reporters that when he gave a class to students, he said that he had expounded his concern about the real estate revitalization plan based on relevant reports, but the media completely ignored this premise and misled his meaning when quoting him.

　　Cheng Siwei: The selection of real estate for revitalization planning is misleading.

　　(Reporter: Yan Wenyu, Gu Ping, Xiong Manlin, Jia Yujia Camera: Shen Yan, Xu Sheng, Zhang Xiaoming)

　　Yesterday, the headlines of many websites were all the same news. It was reported that the real estate industry had occupied the last place in the State Council’s top ten industrial restructuring and revitalization plans. As soon as the news came out, various media and websites reprinted it one after another. The real estate sector in the stock market was also on the move, and a large amount of funds flowed into real estate stocks. At the same time, controversy and opposition were endless.

　　Let’s take a look at our follow-up report on this matter.

　　Yesterday, on several well-known domestic portals, the news that "real estate has entered the top ten industrial revitalization plans" suddenly made headlines. At the same time, when searching for two keywords "real estate" and "revitalization plans" through search engines, almost all major websites reported or reprinted it, attracting countless eyeballs.

　　On January 2nd this year, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council said that the State Council was studying the adjustment and revitalization plan of ten important industries. Subsequently, eight industrial revitalization plans for automobiles, steel, textiles, equipment manufacturing, ships, electronic information, light industry and petrochemicals were reviewed and approved in principle by the the State Council executive meeting. During this period, the non-ferrous metal revitalization plan has been initially approved by the State Council. So which industry will be selected into the tenth industrial revitalization plan of the State Council is full of suspense.

　　Yesterday, with the news that the real estate industry has caught the "last bus" of the top ten revitalization plans, the market quickly responded. In yesterday’s stock market, the net inflow of funds from the real estate sector topped the list. Real estate stocks not only floated across the board, but also hit an average growth rate of 4.64%, breaking the weak trend of real estate stocks since this round of market.

　　However, after the closing yesterday afternoon, some media said that real estate was unlikely to be included in the revitalization plan, which made many investors feel extremely confused. Economic Half-hour reporter traced back to the news that "real estate has entered the top ten industrial revitalization plans", and found that the media that first reported the nine industrial revitalization plans were all Xinhua News Agency, and the sources were all the State Council executive meeting. This time, the media that first reported "real estate has entered the top ten industrial revitalization plans" was not Xinhua News Agency, nor was it the State Council, but quoted Cheng Siwei, former vice chairman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), at an academic forum last Saturday. It was reported that during the speech, Cheng Siwei

　　So, did Cheng Siwei say that the real estate industry has really entered the top ten revitalization plans, and through what channels did he get the news? The Economic Half-hour reporter made an exclusive interview with Cheng Siwei this morning.

　　Reporter: "Cheng Lao, I saw such a news on the Internet yesterday that real estate was included in the top ten industrial revitalization plans. So, stimulated by this news, real estate stocks also rose by 4.64% on average. I wonder if you have noticed this news?"

　　Cheng Siwei: "I have seen it. In fact, I told them at that time that it was not news, and they wanted to quote it. They told me that the secretary had already posted it, so there was no way, but in fact, this was when I was giving lectures to my students, and it was not a public report."

　　On Sunday, some media reported that Cheng Siwei revealed that the real estate industry has been included in the State Council’s top ten industrial revitalization plans, and Cheng Siwei’s photos were also used in the report, while Cheng Siwei told reporters that he talked about this matter when he was teaching students, not a press release.

　　Reporter: "through what channels did you learn that this real estate industry has been written into the national industrial revitalization plan?"

　　Cheng Siwei: "First of all, I saw the news released by Securities News on February 17th from People’s Daily Online. I also printed it out today. The headline of this news is called, officials of the Energy Bureau said that the energy industry revitalization plan was replaced by real estate planning. In addition, on People’s Daily Online, if you click on it, you can also see the real estate industry in the top ten industrial revitalization plans, so I, I personally got the information from this aspect."

　　Reporter: "Besides this news on the Internet, do you have any other channels to confirm what you have seen?"

　　Cheng Siwei: "It seems that I read on the Internet that on the 22nd, officials from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development also said that this was the case, because to be honest, as a scholar, I just expressed my views, and I can’t make any explanation on behalf of the government. This is just what I said on the basis of the published news, so I also said that it was reported that there was such a situation."

　　The report on February 17th mentioned by Cheng Siwei is like this: "People from the National Energy Administration said that the plan to introduce another energy sector in addition to the nine major industry revitalization plans has been replaced by the relevant plans of the real estate industry"; The website mentioned by Cheng Siwei is a special page of People’s Daily about the revitalization plan of China’s top ten industries, which indicates a total of ten industries, and the real estate industry suddenly appears in it. However, unlike other reports on the revitalization plan, the so-called real estate revitalization plan has never heard from the the State Council executive meeting, and all the first reports are not from the news broadcast of Xinhua News Agency and China TV Station, but a media claimed that they were confirmed by an official of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Construction.

　　Reporter: "Generally speaking, what is a channel and a formal channel for the release of such a plan?"

　　Cheng Siwei: "As far as I know, the report is like this. He is planning one by one, first reviewed by the National Development and Reform Commission, and then submitted to the the State Council executive meeting for deliberation. Therefore, I think this procedure should be like this. Before the State Council officially passed, the content of the plan was impossible. Release."

　　Reporter: "Take a look, this webpage is generally reported in this way. The topics are all called real estate listed in the top ten revitalization industries. Has it been confirmed?"

　　Cheng Siwei: "Well, I don’t watch it. It’s inappropriate for him. In fact, at that time, I asked my secretary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to tell them that it was simply a hype, not news."

　　Cheng Siwei said that when he was teaching students, he said that he expounded his concern about the real estate revitalization plan based on relevant reports, but the media completely ignored this premise and misled his meaning when quoting him.

　　Reporter: "Do you think this presentation is your original intention?"

　　Cheng Siwei: "I think this is a bit misleading, which is what I said just now. In fact, this news was announced on the 17th, and when I spoke, I said that I was giving lectures to students, so it was reported that this should be very clear. But because I have repeatedly said that I am now from the National People’s Congress, even if I am the vice chairman of the National People’s Congress, I don’t care about the government, and now I have retired from the post of vice chairman of the National People’s Congress, so what I am talking about now is all. Therefore, I think it is a matter of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Bureau and the Ministry of Construction, so I think this report is not accurate. "

　　　　　

　　　　On August 27th, American football star michael vick (centre) left the Richmond District Court in Virginia, USA. On the same day, michael vick, who was criticized for his involvement in illegal dog fighting, attended a hearing in the Virginia District Court and formally pleaded guilty. District Court Judge Henry Hudson said that Vic’s plea agreement may not help him reduce his punishment, and he still faces up to five years in prison. Dog fighting is illegal in 50 States in the United States, and 48 of them even make it a felony. Xinhua News Agency/Reuters

　　　　American football star michael vick, who was criticized for his involvement in illegal dog fighting, attended a hearing in the Virginia District Court on the 27th and formally pleaded guilty. Vic apologized to the public for his behavior. He said that he is not mature enough and needs to grow up.

　　　　District Court Judge Henry Hudson said that Vic’s plea agreement may not help him reduce his punishment, and he still faces up to five years in prison.

　　　　punish severely

　　　　Vic arrived at the court to attend the hearing accompanied by supporters and lawyers on the 27th, and also waiting outside the court were protesters holding up photos of "defeated dogs" who were injured in dog fighting competitions. Dog fighting is a bloody game, and Vic has been strongly criticized by the media and animal protectionists.

　　　　At the hearing, Judge Hudson asked Vic, "In an conspiracy charge, do you admit guilt because you are really guilty?" Vic replied, "Yes, your honor."

　　　　Dog fighting is illegal in 50 States in the United States, and 48 of them even make it a felony. A new bill passed by the US Congress stipulates that "dog fighting" in cross-border transportation is a federal crime. According to the relevant laws and regulations, if convicted, Vic faces up to five years in prison.

　　　　Prosecutor Chuck Rosenberg said in a statement: "The person who committed dog fighting for the first time may not be sentenced to imprisonment, but we believe that this case is disgusting, cruel and inhuman, so three of the four defendants, including Vic, should be punished more severely."

　　　　The prosecutor suggested that the judge sentence Vic to 12 to 18 months’ imprisonment.

　　　　Hudson said that the prosecutor’s suggestion is of great significance to the judgment, but even so, the final judgment is not completely limited by the prosecution’s suggestion.

　　　　"You must face any decision I make," Hudson told Vic in court. "If I think you need to serve five years, you must obey." Vic replied again, "Yes, your honor."

　　　　On August 27th, michael vick was interviewed by the media in a hotel in Richmond, Virginia. Xinhua News Agency/Reuters

　　　　apology

　　　　Vic, 27, is the star quarterback of Atlanta Falcon, an American professional football team. His 10-year salary of $130 million ranks second among NFL players.

　　　　Vic told the media on the 27th that he apologized to the public for "everything I have done". He not only apologized to his coach, teammates and NFL, but also apologized for "immature behavior to all children".

　　　　"What I did is very immature, which means I need to grow up," Vic said. "I am responsible for my actions, and now I have to pay for it."

　　　　Vic said that he was "disappointed" with himself and "through this incident, I realized my mistake".

　　　　"Fighting dogs is a bad thing, and I should resist such a thing," he said. "I apologize to everyone and I will redeem myself. I have to do this. "

　　　　Vic admitted on the 24th that he and three other people participated in an illegal inter-state dog fighting organization called "Bad News from Dog kennel" from 2001 to April 2007, and funded dog fighting activities, and admitted that the activities of this dog fighting organization involved gambling and his own participation in the execution of defeated dogs.

　　　　This picture taken in June 2006 shows a dog that will be used for dog fighting in Northampton County, North Carolina, USA. In the United States, the scene and consequences of dog fighting are quite cruel. The duration of a dog fighting is as short as 15 minutes and as long as five or six hours until one dog bites the neck of another dog. All 50 States in the United States stipulate that dog fighting is illegal, and 48 of them even list dog fighting as a felony. Even so, the bloody game of dog fighting is still rampant in the United States. Xinhua News Agency/AFP

　　　　lose

　　　　Vic’s dog fighting behavior not only faced legal sanctions, but also dealt a heavy blow to his football career. Vic has lost most of his sponsorship since he was accused. Nike, a sporting goods manufacturer, suspended the release of a sports shoe named after Vic.

　　　　The NFL announced a one-season ban on Vic. Atlanta’s "Falcon" team said that they would not fire Vic immediately, because he had received a dividend of $22 million from the contract signed with the team in 2004, and the "Falcon" team hoped that Vic would return the money.

　　　　In a letter to Vic on 24th, Roger Ghoder, a member of NFL Committee, said: "What you admit is not only illegal, but also cruel and should be condemned. Your team, NFL and fans are all hurt by your actions. " (Yan Chao)

Editor: Zhang Pengfei

Zhang Xiaojing, Director of the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences and Director of the National Finance and Development Laboratory, The Paper reporter Zhou Yushe

On September 22nd, at the 5th Bund Financial Summit in 2023, Zhang Xiaojing, director of the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences and director of the National Finance and Development Laboratory, pointed out that risk and uncertainty are the "bridges" between finance and science and technology innovation. For scientific and technological innovation, the biggest problem is how to deal with the risks and uncertainties faced by innovation and how to cross the "valley of death". For the financial system, risk pricing and risk allocation are its most basic and important functions.

"It is risk and uncertainty that make finance and technological innovation have a natural connection, and also provide a perfect reason for finance to support technological innovation." Zhang Xiaojing said that a financial system has advantages in identifying risks, pricing risks and allocating risks, so it must also have advantages in supporting scientific and technological innovation.

Focusing on China’s financial support for scientific and technological innovation, Zhang Xiaojing pointed out the "soft underbelly":"The lack of risk identification ability, the dysfunction of risk pricing and risk allocation are precisely the Achilles heel of China’s financial system, which has also become the fundamental reason for the lack of financial support for technological innovation."

Zhang Xiaojing said that the "four-in-one" catch-up model (the "structural advantages" of state-owned enterprises, the development responsibility and soft budget constraints of local governments, the institutional preferences of financial institutions and the last resort of the central government) makes the risk pricing and rational allocation of financial resources not determined by the market, but largely influenced by government intervention, leading to distorted risk pricing and improper allocation of financial resources. Some departments get a lot of credit funds, but fail to bear the corresponding risks-this is caused by implicit guarantee, rigid redemption and too big to fail.

However, this does not mean that the government cannot play a role in it, but emphasizes that the role of the government should also be played on the premise of not damaging the decisive role of the market.

"Financial support for science and technology innovation needs an’ ideological enlightenment’." Zhang Xiaojing said that the value of capital depends on future expectations, not the past, which is a real revolution and "ideological enlightenment" in financial epistemology. It is this revolution that laid a theoretical foundation for financial support for scientific and technological innovation: because the current financial support for science and technology innovation depends on the "expectation" of future scientific and technological innovation achievements.

Zhang Xiaojing said that it is necessary to respect the laws of the market economy and promote the reform of financial marketization. Putting the focus of economic development on the real economy does not mean that finance can be dispensed with, or that finance is in a completely subordinate position. The development of China’s socialist market economy in the past 40 years is to liberate the role of finance as a cashier in the planned economy era and give full play to the dynamic role of finance in promoting the transformation of savings-investment and economic catch-up and development.

He said that the relative independence of finance is precisely the premise that finance can better serve the real economy, abandon the "traditional" thinking that finance is only a vassal and mirror image of the real economy, and accurately understand the dialectical relationship between economic and financial symbiosis and common prosperity. The development of finance does not necessarily lead to the hollowing out of the industry, and the strength of American science and technology is closely related to its developed financial system; High-level science and technology can’t stand on its own feet without the support of a modern financial system.

In Zhang Xiaojing’s view, promoting financial market-oriented reform, getting rid of implicit guarantee, illusion and ownership discrimination, and improving the decisive role of finance in risk pricing and risk allocation are the institutional guarantees for financial support for science and technology innovation.

Financial support for science and technology innovation must also understand the law of scientific and technological innovation, especially the basic law of transforming scientific and technological innovation into actual productivity. Experience shows that the influence of the adoption of new technology on productivity growth is underestimated at the beginning and not overestimated at the end, which is generally in a "J curve" mode.

Talking about innovation failure and fault-tolerant mechanism, Zhang Xiaojing said that from the micro level, investment failure should be allowed, and state-owned enterprises should establish fault-tolerant mechanisms. To tolerate fluctuations and bubbles at the macro level, keeping the bottom line of risk does not mean zero tolerance for financial risks. The function of finance is realized in fluctuation, just as the function of price mechanism is that price is realized around value fluctuation. This means that supervision should be inclusive.

In addition, Zhang Xiaojing also talked about preventing technological development from succumbing to financial laws. Technological development is completely determined by market or financial laws, which may deviate from the social optimal goals, such as investing heavily in the research and development of late-stage therapeutic drugs, rather than the research and development of early-stage preventive drugs; AI technology is more oriented to replacing labor than empowering or assisting labor.

"Risk identification, risk pricing and risk allocation are the’ soft underbelly’ of China’s financial system, and the lack of modern financial thinking leads to improper evaluation of science and technology innovation (enterprise) is the’ soft underbelly’ in concept understanding." Zhang Xiaojing concluded that the solutionWe need an ideological enlightenment, leave risk pricing and risk allocation to the market, respect the laws of market economy, grasp the laws of scientific and technological innovation, establish fault-tolerant mechanisms and inclusive supervision, strengthen international cooperation and improve global scientific and technological governance.