Order of the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China

sequence　153　number

　　The "Regulations" of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs on the administration of statistical work, which was deliberated and adopted at the executive meeting on 29 August 2006, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of 1 November 2006. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Statistics System promulgated on November 21, 1994 shall be abolished at the same time.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Director Mou Xinsheng　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 September 12, 2006　　　

　

Provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Administration of Customs Statistics

　　the first　In order to standardize customs statistics and ensure the quality of statistical data, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Customs Statistics and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.
　　the second　These Provisions shall apply to the statistical work conducted by the customs on the trade of import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles according to law, as well as other relevant statistical work involving import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles.
　　Article　Customs statistics should adhere to the principles of accuracy, timeliness, scientific integrity and international comparability.
　　Article 4　The customs shall carry out statistical investigation according to law, comprehensively collect and review the original customs declaration materials of the consignor or agent of import and export goods, and summarize and sort out the statistical data.
　　Article 5　The customs shall conduct statistical analysis on the statistical data of import and export trade according to law, and study the characteristics, trends and laws of foreign trade operation.
　　The customs shall carry out real-time monitoring and dynamic early warning of import and export according to the statistical data of import and export trade and relevant macroeconomic statistics at home and abroad.
　　Article 6　The customs shall make use of the statistical data of the customs to carry out statistical supervision according to law, supervise the import and export behavior and process of enterprises, analyze and evaluate the customs law enforcement activities, and check and correct the acts of false reporting, concealment, forgery and tampering with statistical data.
　　The relevant departments and units shall promptly deal with the problems found by the customs statistics department and the suggestions made.
　　Article 7　The customs shall carry out statistical consulting services in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.
　　In addition to comprehensive statistical data published in accordance with the law and provided free of charge, the customs provides paid consulting services for import and export trade statistics.
　　Article 8　The scope of customs statistics includes goods that actually enter or leave the country and cause the increase or decrease of domestic material stocks, as well as articles that should be included in statistics according to law.
　　Article 9　Goods and articles that have not actually entered or left the country or that have actually entered or left the country but have not caused an increase or decrease in the domestic material stock are not included in customs statistics.
　　Article 10　The following goods are not included in customs statistics:
　　(1) Transit goods, transshipment goods and through goods;
　　Temporary import and export of goods;
　　(3) Currency in circulation as a means of international payments and gold for currency;
　　(4) Leased goods with a lease term of less than one year;
　　(5) Similar goods that are compensated or replaced free of charge by the carrier, consignor or insurance company of the import and export goods due to damage, shortage, poor quality or non-conformity of specifications;
　　(6) Returned goods;
　　(seven) border trade import and export goods;
　　(eight) aquatic products caught by China ships on the high seas;
　　(9) Fuel, materials and food added by ships or aircraft of China nationality in China; Fuel, materials, food and abandoned waste materials added overseas by means of transport of China nationality or foreign nationality;
　　(10) Samples or advertisements with no commercial value;
　　(11) Goods transferred between special customs supervision areas, bonded supervision places and between special customs supervision areas and bonded supervision places;
　　(12) Other goods not included in customs statistics.
　　Article 11　The following items are not included in customs statistics:
　　(a) repair items;
　　(2) Salvaged articles;
　　(3) Articles for personal use of inbound and outbound passengers (except automobiles);
　　(four) the official articles of Chinese embassies and consulates in foreign countries and foreign embassies and consulates in China, as well as the articles for personal use of embassy and consulate personnel;
　　(5) Official articles for entry and exit of Chinese troops stationed in Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and articles for personal use of military personnel;
　　(6) Other articles not included in customs statistics.
　　Article 12　For goods and articles that are not included in customs statistics, the customs may carry out individual statistics according to management needs.
　　The quantity and amount of individual statistics are not included in the quantity and total value of customs statistics.
　　Article 13　According to the needs of national economic development and customs supervision, the customs can adjust the statistical items of import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles; Conduct long-term or phased statistics on some statistical items of import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles.
　　The adjustment of statistical items shall be announced by the General Administration of Customs.
　　Article 14　The commodity names and codes of customs statistical items shall be classified and counted according to the commodity names and codes listed in the Catalogue of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Statistical Commodities.
　　The Catalogue of Statistical Commodities of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs was promulgated by the General Administration of Customs.
　　Article 15　Import and export goods shall be counted in accordance with the number (weight) of units of measurement specified in the Catalogue of Statistical Commodities of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs.
　　Where the goods are listed in the Catalogue of Statistical Commodities of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs with the second unit of measurement, the second quantity (weight) shall be counted according to the second unit of measurement at the same time.
　　Article 16　The prices of import and export goods are counted on the basis of the duty-paid price approved by the customs.
　　The price of imported goods is calculated according to the cost, insurance and freight (CIF price), and the price of exported goods is calculated according to the FOB price.
　　Article 17　The prices of import and export goods are calculated in US dollars and RMB respectively. If the prices of import and export goods are denominated in other foreign currencies, they shall be converted into US dollars and RMB respectively according to the monthly conversion rates of various foreign currencies to US dollars published by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and the China Bank conversion price applicable to customs taxation.
　　Article 18　The country (region) of origin of imported goods shall be counted according to the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Origin of Import and Export Goods and the relevant provisions of the General Administration of Customs.
　　If the country (region) of origin of imported goods cannot be determined, statistics shall be made according to "country unknown".
　　Article 19　The final destination countries (regions) of export goods are counted according to the countries (regions) where export goods are known to be consumed, used or further processed.
　　The final destination country (region) is the country (region) where the exported goods are directly transported without transshipment by a third country (region).
　　For export goods transshipped through a third country (region), the country (region) to which they are finally transported is the final destination country (region).
　　If the final destination country (region) of the exported goods cannot be determined, statistics shall be made according to the final destination country (region) predicted as far as possible at the time of export.
　　Article 20　The countries (regions) of origin of imported goods are counted according to the countries (regions) where the goods are sent directly to China or arrived in China without any commercial transactions in the transit countries (regions).
　　For directly transported goods that are not transshipped by a third country (region), the country (region) where the loading port of the imported goods is located is the country (region) of departure.
　　If the import and export goods transshipped through a third country (region) have not been traded in the transit country (region), the country (region) of origin of the imported goods shall be the country (region) of departure; In case of commercial transactions in the transit country (region), the transit country (region) shall be the country (region) of departure.
　　Article 21　The arrival countries (regions) of export goods are counted according to the countries (regions) where export goods arrive directly from China or finally in transit countries (regions) without any commercial transactions.
　　For goods directly transported without transshipment through a third country (region), the country (region) where the port of shipment of the exported goods is located shall be the country (region) of arrival.
　　If the import and export goods transshipped through a third country (region) have not been traded in the transit country (region), the final destination country (region) of the export goods shall be the country (region) of arrival; Where a commercial transaction occurs in a transit country (region), the transit country (region) shall be regarded as the country (region) of arrival.
　　Article 22　The domestic destination of imported goods is counted according to the consumption, use or final arrival place of imported goods in China, where the final arrival place is the area where the final user is located.
　　If it is difficult to determine the final user unit, statistics shall be made according to the location of the final receiving unit predicted at the time of import of the goods.
　　Article 23　The domestic sources of export goods are counted according to the origin or original place of shipment of export goods in China.
　　If it is difficult to determine the place of production of export goods because they have changed means of transport many times in China, statistics shall be made according to the location of the unit that first shipped the export goods.
　　Article 24　Business units shall make statistics according to domestic legal persons, other organizations or individuals who have registered with the customs and engaged in import and export business activities.
　　Business units registered with the customs and authorized to engage in import and export business shall be provided with a national business unit code by the registered customs.
　　The code of business unit shall be managed by the competent customs where the business unit is located.
　　Article 25　The trade methods and goods counted separately by the customs (see Annex) shall be classified and counted according to the transaction forms of buyers and sellers of import and export goods and the requirements of customs supervision.
　　If the customs adjusts the trade mode according to the needs of national economic development and customs supervision, the General Administration of Customs will issue an announcement.
　　Article 26　The modes of transportation are counted according to waterway transportation, railway transportation, road transportation, air transportation, mail transportation and other modes of transportation.
　　The mode of transport of imported goods shall be counted according to the mode of transport when the goods arrive at the first port in China; The mode of transport of outbound goods shall be counted according to the mode of transport when the goods leave the last port in China.
　　The goods carried by inbound and outbound passengers are counted according to the means of transport they take.
　　Express goods imported and exported by non-postal means shall be counted according to the actual mode of transportation.
　　Goods transported by people, animals, pipelines, cables, conveyor belts, etc. shall be counted according to other modes of transportation.
　　Article 27　The imported goods shall be counted according to the customs release date; The export goods shall be counted according to the customs clearance date.
　　Import transit goods shall be counted according to the date of customs release at the place of shipment; The export transit goods shall be counted according to the customs clearance date at the place of departure.
　　Statistical data such as monthly and annual reports of customs statistics are compiled according to the Gregorian calendar month and Gregorian calendar year respectively.
　　Article 28　Import and export goods shall be counted according to the customs that accept the declaration.
　　The imported transit goods shall be counted according to the customs at the destination where the declaration is accepted; The export transit goods shall be counted according to the customs at the place of departure where the declaration is accepted.
　　Article 29　The original data of customs statistics include customs declaration forms such as People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Import Goods Declaration Form, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Export Goods Declaration Form, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Bonded Area Entry Goods Filing List, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Bonded Area Exit Goods Filing List, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Export Processing Zone Entry Goods Filing List, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Export Processing Zone Entry Goods Filing List, etc., as well as attached documents and relevant electronic data.
　　Except in special circumstances, the original paper data of customs statistics shall be kept for 3 years from the date of deregulation of import and export goods; Long-term preservation of electronic data of customs statistics.
　　The statistical data of the national customs shall be managed by the comprehensive statistical department of the General Administration of Customs, and the statistical data of the customs directly under it shall be managed by the statistical department of the customs directly under it.
　　Article 30　Customs statistical information is the relevant statistical information collected and sorted based on the original data of customs statistics.
　　The customs shall regularly publish statistical information to the public, and announce the publication time of the monthly report and annual report of the next year in December each year.
　　Article 31　The General Administration of Customs shall provide relevant comprehensive statistical data to the relevant departments of the State Council regularly and free of charge. The customs directly under the Central Government shall provide relevant comprehensive statistical data to the relevant departments of the local people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government on a regular and free basis.
　　Customs comprehensive statistics include the following contents:
　　(a) the total import and export value of each region;
　　(two) the total value of import and export commodities;
　　(three) the total import and export value of the country (region);
　　(4) List of import and export values of major commodities;
　　(five) the total value of the nature of the import and export trade;
　　(six) the total import and export value of the mode of transportation;
　　(seven) analysis report reflecting the overall progress of import and export, import and export monitoring and early warning information, etc.
　　Article 32　Customs statisticians have the obligation to keep confidential the state secrets, commercial secrets and customs work secrets they know in the statistical process.
　　Article 33　Without the authorization of the customs, no unit or individual may sell customs statistics and electronic customs statistics without authorization.
　　Article 34　If the customs statistics department has doubts about the contents declared in the original statistical data, it may directly make inquiries to the parties concerned to verify the relevant contents, and the parties concerned shall give a timely and truthful reply.
　　If the statistical items that should be declared according to law are not declared or the false declaration affects the accuracy of customs statistics, the customs shall order the parties concerned to make corrections in addition to handling them according to law.
　　Article 35　Customs statisticians shall abide by the provisions of the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Statistics Law of the People’s Republic of China, and shall not tamper with customs statistics or fabricate false data by themselves, participate in or instruct them.
　　Customs statisticians have the right to refuse, expose and stop human interference that affects the objectivity and authenticity of customs statistics.
　　Article 36　Customs statisticians who neglect their duties, abuse their powers or engage in malpractices for selfish ends shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
　　Article 37　If the items that should be declared according to law have not been declared or the false declaration affects the accuracy of customs statistics, in addition to ordering the parties to make corrections, administrative punishment is needed, and it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on the Implementation of Administrative Punishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs.
　　Article 38　The General Administration of Customs shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Provisions.
　　Article 39　These Provisions shall come into force as of November 1, 2006. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Statistics System promulgated on November 21, 1994 shall be abolished at the same time.
　　Annex: 1. Trade methods of customs statistics
　　　　　2. Goods with individual statistics

　

Annex 1

Trade mode of customs statistics

　　General trade
　　2. Materials provided by countries or international organizations free of charge.
　　3. Donate materials
　　4. Compensation trade
　　5. Processing and assembly trade with supplied materials
　　6. Feed processing trade
　　7. Consignment and consignment trade
　　8. Small border trade
　　9. Processing trade imported equipment
　　10. Export goods for foreign contracted projects
　　11. Leasing trade
　　12. Equipment or articles imported by foreign-invested enterprises as investment.
　　13. Export processing trade
　　14. Barter trade
　　15.duty-free foreign exchange goods
　　16 bonded warehouse inbound and outbound storage of transit goods
　　17. Inbound and outbound storage of transit goods in bonded areas
　　18. Imported equipment in export processing zones
　　19.others

　

Annex 2

Single-item goods

　　1. duty-free goods
　　2. Re-import of refined oil products from processing trade.
　　3. Feed processing to domestic goods
　　4. Processing of incoming materials into domestic goods
　　5. Processing trade to domestic equipment
　　6. Feed deep processing and carry-over goods
　　7. Carry-over goods from deep processing of incoming materials
　　8. Processing trade carry-over equipment
　　9. Feed processing and carry-over of surplus materials
　　10. Carry-over surplus materials from processing with supplied materials.
　　11. Return the goods
　　12. Feed and process re-export materials.
　　13. Processing materials for re-export with supplied materials
　　14. Processing trade returned equipment
　　15. Goods transported from bonded area to non-bonded area
　　16. Goods transported from non-bonded areas into bonded areas
　　17. Goods returned from bonded areas
　　18 bonded warehouse to domestic goods
　　19. Goods deposited in export supervised warehouses in China.
　　20. Goods returned from export supervised warehouses
　　21. Goods transported outside the export processing zone
　　22. Goods transported into and out of the export processing zone.
　　23. Goods transported outside the bonded logistics park
　　24. Goods transported from the area into the bonded logistics park
　　25. Goods transported from the bonded logistics center (Type A and B) outside the center.
　　26. Goods transported from the center into the bonded logistics center (Type A and B)
　　Transit goods
　　28. Other goods requiring individual statistics.

Special topic: Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan

　　　　Yesterday morning, Cangxi County of Guangyuan contacted our reporter and urgently requested material assistance from all walks of life in Zhongshan, including 5,000 disaster relief tents, 5,000 beds of disaster relief quilts, 106,000 sets of clothes, 1,060 tons of instant food, 800 tons of plastic film, 500 sets of generators, and a batch of disaster-resistant drugs was urgently needed. To this end, Cangxi County People’s Government also specially sent a letter of help to Zhongshan Red Cross Society.

　　　　-Dialogue: In a day or two, the county magistrate who was short of food was so anxious that he cried.

　　　　Yesterday morning, Cui Yufeng, deputy head of Cangxi County, contacted our reporter, hoping to seek help from all walks of life in Zhongshan City through this newspaper.

　　　　Reporter: Compared with the hardest hit areas, is your disaster situation better?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: Nearly 60,000 farmers have no food and no water to drink now.

　　　　Reporter: Can you be more specific?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: Our county is located on the edge of Qinba Mountain range, in the east of Qingchuan. When the earthquake happened, there were few casualties. We are very fortunate. However, farmers’ houses have basically collapsed. At present, 55,500 people are homeless. All of them live in fields and in sheds made of door panels and plastic sheets taken from the ruins. Because the reservoir was damaged and the electricity was not restored, these people now have no water to drink; The situation in Qingchuan is more serious than ours. In order to support them, we gave all the more than 100 tons of food rescued by the county to Qingchuan. Now 55,500 people have no place to live, no water to drink and no food to eat.

　　　　These days, we (county leaders) are crying with anxiety, trying to ensure food and shelter for the victims, but now we really can’t hold on, and we will run out of food in a day or two.

　　　　Reporter: Why do you think of asking Zhongshan for help?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: The disasters in Wenchuan and Beichuan are more serious than ours, and the state gives priority to helping them. We understand very well. We are an old revolutionary base area, and we don’t want to add burden to our country at this time. Our county leaders are looking for relationships in other places, looking for classmates and friends working in other places, hoping to help us. The Pearl River Delta, especially Zhongshan, is economically developed, and the citizens are charitable. We hope that enterprises and citizens in Zhongshan will help us.

　　　　Reporter: What kind of material assistance do you need?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: At present, there is an urgent need for 5,000 disaster relief tents, 5,000 beds of disaster relief quilts, 106,000 sets of clothes, 1,060 tons of instant food, 800 tons of plastic film, 500 sets of generators and a batch of disaster relief drugs.

　　　　Reporter: Can the materials go in?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: Rural roads are basically damaged, so it is impossible to go directly to towns. However, the road from Nanchong City to Cangxi County can still be opened to traffic. If there is assistance, you can go to Nanchong first and then to Cangxi.

　　　　Letter for help (excerpt)

　　　　Red Cross Society of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province:

　　　　Our county was affected by the earthquake of magnitude 8 in Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, and there were aftershocks about 5 minutes long, which brought serious losses to people’s lives and property. As of May 18th, it has caused direct economic losses of more than 6.3 billion yuan. Eight people were killed and 225 injured in the county, including 83 seriously injured, 16,700 houses and 61,400 houses collapsed, 55,500 people were homeless, 30 livestock and poultry were killed, 98 reservoirs were damaged, more than 30,000 small water conservancy and biogas facilities were damaged, 2,922 kilometers of roads were damaged, and the value of power and communication facilities was more than 32.6 million yuan.

　　　　At present, all kinds of earthquake relief work in our county are being carried out vigorously, orderly and effectively. Because our county is a national poverty-stricken county, its financial resources are very weak, the people’s income is low, and its self-help ability is very weak. Although we actively fight against disasters and save ourselves with the help of the county, there are still more than 50,000 homeless people, and the people’s life is very difficult. Students can’t resume classes, patients are still moaning outdoors, and infrastructure such as houses, roads, water conservancy and communications need to be repaired urgently.

　　　　Your city has developed economy and abundant financial resources, and has a fine tradition of supporting the disaster-stricken areas. At a time when people in our county are in dire straits and suffering from disasters, we hope that your society will pay attention to the disaster situation in our county, carry forward the humanitarian spirit, extend your warm hands, give your love and give us help and support, and the 780,000 people in the county will be grateful.

　　　　Cangxi county people’s government

　　　　May 20, 2008

　　　　Coordinator: Reporter He Tao

　　　　Written by: Reporter Yang Tongfeng Huang Wenxue Wang Wenjie Deng Shaojun Correspondent Chen Weiming

Don’t cry, we are together!	Hit the scene directly
Premier Wen Jiabao’s solemn expression was inspected by boat. Premier Wen: We will never give up lightly. The Prime Minister encouraged everyone to build their homes in Qingchuan. Premier visits injured children in Wenchuan The Prime Minister’s hoarse voice appeased the victims. The Prime Minister encouraged orphans to face the disaster bravely. Premier comforts victims in the rain: everyone has suffered. The Prime Minister went to the disaster area to help children. The Prime Minister climbed the broken wall and shouted to the masses.	Instantaneous picture of Anxian earthquake in Sichuan Province	Buried girl: I believe you will save me.
	Direct hit: DV shoots the moment of earthquake. Direct hit: Ten minutes after Wenchuan earthquake. Direct hit: the monitoring record shows that the building is obviously shaking. Direct hit: the girl who was buried for 56 hours was reborn. Direct hit: Dujiangyan broken bridge is clearly visible after aerial photography. Reporter witnessed: Beichuan after the earthquake Video: Zhang Hanyu experienced the earthquake and recalled the shocking moment. Video: earthquake witnesses tell the moment of shock Direct hit: Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County after the aerial photography earthquake. Direct attack: there is a cry for help in the collapsed ruins of Dujiangyan Chinese Medicine Hospital. Direct hit: rescue site in disaster area: carrying out a trapped group Direct hit: damaged pictures along the way from Mianyang to Beichuan Directly hit the disaster site in Beichuan County: the road was twisted into a twist. Witness: the middle school building collapsed and the students’ bodies were constantly found. Witness: Beichuan County collapsed in a large area. Witness: aerial photography of earthquake-stricken areas
	we unite to conquer the earthquake
	CCTV hosts the anchor station with tears.	Teachers use their lives to clear the way for students.
	Video: Young girls in the flower season bravely save their classmates from amputation Video: Rescuers are tired and dizzy on the front line Video: The old man was buried in the ruins for 48 hours and hugged his dead wife in his arms. Video: Jackie Chan recorded "Life and Death" and cried while singing. Video: Wolong Survivor: A survival machine with a note. Video: Officers and men risked their lives to rescue trapped students in the aftershock. Video: Brick-digging officers and soldiers "grab" four lives in the rain. Video: Armed police soldiers pulled out a trapped child with their hands. Video: The First Artillery Corps of Chengdu Military Region arrived in Wenchuan on foot. Video: Doctors stick to their posts to rescue critically ill patients. Video: College students in the capital actively donate blood to the disaster area. Video: France　 Overseas Chinese in the United States enthusiastically donated money to the earthquake-stricken areas. Video: All walks of life in Taiwan Province enthusiastically donated money and materials to support earthquake relief.

An earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province.
Summary of casualties The death toll in Sichuan earthquake-stricken areas increased to 41,353.
Wenchuan　　Aftershocks of magnitude 6-7 may occur near Wenchuan earthquake area.　 Sichuan Maoxian-Wenchuan highway is open.
site　　Two trapped people give in to each other and save each other first.　Primary school teachers sacrificed to save their children.　Yingxiu found more than 50 survivors.
conditions of a disaster　 An aftershock of magnitude 5.0 occurred at 1: 52 on May 20th in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province.　　　More than 90% of Chaping Township in Anxian County was razed to the ground.
experience personally　 The girl lost her loved ones and bit the airborne troops. 　The official issued aftershock warning. Many citizens in Chongqing went out to prevent earthquakes.
see with one’s own eyes　 The girl was buried, her hands and feet were necrotic, and she was forced to amputate. She woke up and asked her mother for her hand.　The police held their son’s body and kept guns all night.
donate　 Li Ka-shing donates another 100 million yuan for education in disaster areas.　Dedication of Love-Fundraising activities raised more than 1.5 billion yuan.
rescue　 A villager in Shiba Township, Qingchuan County was rescued 164 hours after the earthquake.　20,000 people trapped in 5 townships of Qingpihe, Beichuan.
traffic　 Beichuan dammed lake flooded the highway along the river.　Seven vehicles were swallowed up by mudslides. The public are not allowed to drive to the disaster area.
soldier　"Amphibious Lady Enforcers" disaster area blooms.　28 rescue officers and soldiers may be killed or their whereabouts are unknown.
press conference The State Council held a press conference on earthquake relief and medical assistance.
Psychological counseling: melting sadness with warmth	Candlelight mourning for compatriots
Russian rescue team is in the earthquake zone	A villager in Qingchuan County was rescued 164 hours after the earthquake.
Lack of heavy equipment, great wall of my flesh and blood	Mianzhu erected a "thank you card"

Editor: Xiao Jinping

　　 　[In-depth study and implementation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era]

　　Author: Zhou Xiangjun (Professor, School of Marxism, Shandong University)

　　The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought adheres to the Marxist world outlook and methodology, profoundly reveals the essential characteristics and basic laws of socialist ecological civilization construction, and has a profound philosophical foundation and theoretical foundation. In-depth study of the theoretical foundation of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought will help us to accurately understand the profound connotation and essence of this important thought, so as to take the Chinese modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature more consciously, and strive to draw a new picture of beautiful China under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought more firmly.

　　The materialistic connotation of seeking truth from facts

　　Everything starts from the changing and developing objective reality and the law of the existence and development of objective things, which is the essence and method of dialectical materialism. Comrade Mao Zedong insisted on dialectical materialism and put forward the concept of "seeking truth from facts" according to the needs of theoretical innovation and practical development. Seeking truth from facts is not only the essence and ideological basis of Marxist philosophy, but also the materialistic connotation of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought. Insisting on seeking truth from facts means insisting on studying and solving problems from reality. Based on the world situation, national conditions and party conditions, the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought profoundly expounded the prominent position of ecological civilization construction in the overall development of the cause of the party and the state, and emphasized that promoting ecological civilization construction and formulating principles and policies should be firmly based on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism. In a word, it is necessary to adhere to the principle that "water is suitable for water, mountains are suitable for mountains, grain is suitable for grain, agriculture is suitable for agriculture, industry is suitable for industry, and business is suitable for business, and actively explore new ways of high-quality development with regional characteristics". The concept, design mechanism, deployment strategy and general plan expounded by the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought are all condensed on the basis of practical investigation by adhering to the principle of seeking truth from facts.

　　On the one hand, it emphasizes a comprehensive understanding of reality and an accurate grasp of the facts. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "China is still a country with little forest and green, and its ecology is fragile. Planting trees and improving the ecology have a long way to go." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has gone to Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi, Ningxia and other places for on-the-spot investigation and research, and put forward corresponding strategies for local natural advantages or environmental shortcomings. For example, in view of the special geographical environment and ecological value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is proposed to further promote the scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reveal the mechanism of environmental change, accurately grasp the impact of global climate change and human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and study and put forward systematic plans and engineering measures for protection, restoration and governance. In addition, through holding special seminars and symposiums, we exchanged discussions with experts and scholars to provide scientific guidance for the formulation of relevant policies.

　　On the other hand, it emphasizes exploring and mastering the inherent laws of ecological civilization construction. The key to seeking truth from facts lies in "seeking truth", that is, exploring and mastering the law of development of things. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "It is necessary to deepen the understanding of the regularity of the community between man and nature and accelerate the construction of ecological civilization in an all-round way." Only by following scientific laws can we find new problems and solve new problems. However, following the law is not a routine and step by step, but a matter of doing things honestly according to the law, being brave in innovation and being good at creation, and always firmly grasping the initiative of development. Adhering to the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, we must thoroughly study and grasp the general laws of ecological protection, socialist modernization and the special laws of ecological civilization construction in China, and adhere to the Chinese modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Dialectical thinking of unity of opposites

　　Contradiction is a philosophical category that reflects the unity of opposites within things or between things. Oppositeness and unity are two basic attributes of contradiction. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "Everything has this kind of contradiction, which causes the movement and development of things." The historical process of the development of human society is the process of constantly understanding contradictions, analyzing contradictions and solving contradictions. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought adheres to the unity of materialism and dialectics, and scientifically applies them to the whole process and various fields of ecological civilization construction, correctly answering and handling a series of major issues.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has adhered to the unity of the two-point theory and the key theory, and made in-depth thinking on how to grasp the relationship between ecological protection and economic development according to the essential attribute of ecological civilization construction and the realistic requirements of economic and social development. He pointed out, "We want green mountains and green hills, as well as Jinshan Yinshan. It is better to have green mountains and green hills than golden mountains and silver mountains, and Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets ",proposing that" high-quality development and high-level protection complement each other and complement each other. High-level protection is an important support for high-quality development. High-quality development with ecological priority, green and low carbon can only be achieved by high-level protection. " These important expositions, using contradiction analysis scientifically, are good at finding symbiosis points from opposites, clarifying the dialectical unity relationship between environmental protection and economic development, and pointing out that green mountains and green rivers are not only natural wealth, ecological wealth, but also social wealth and economic wealth. Protecting the ecological environment means protecting natural values and increasing natural capital, which is to cultivate the potential and stamina of economic and social development.

　　In July, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader reviewed and summarized the practical experience of the new era in the past ten years, analyzed the new situations and new problems currently faced, and clearly put forward five major relationships that need to be handled in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the new journey, namely, the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection, the relationship between key tackling and collaborative governance, the relationship between natural restoration and artificial restoration, the relationship between external constraints and endogenous motivation, and the relationship between "double carbon" commitment and independent action. Among them, the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection, the relationship between key attack and collaborative governance clearly embodies the organic unity of two-point theory and key theory of materialist dialectics. Dealing with the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection is a strategic measure to adhere to the important concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", that is, to maintain the natural appearance and value potential of "green water and green mountains" through high-level environmental protection, to give play to its ecological, economic and social efficiency, and to create new kinetic energy and new advantages for high-quality economic and social development. Dealing with the relationship between tackling key problems and collaborative governance is to firmly establish the system concept, grasp the main contradictions and major aspects of ecological civilization construction, explore new governance ways from the perspective of system engineering and overall situation, and carry out ecological civilization construction in an all-round, all-regional and whole process.

　　Epistemological characteristics of the unity of knowledge and action

　　Marx pointed out: "Whether people’s thinking has objective truth is not a theoretical problem, but a practical one. People should prove the truth of their own thinking in practice, that is, the reality and strength of their own thinking and the shore of their own thinking. " Practical viewpoint is the primary and basic viewpoint of Marxist epistemology. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought adheres to the unity of epistemology and methodology, showing the theoretical character of unity of knowledge and action, seeking truth and being pragmatic.

　　Do it really "know". The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought inherits and develops the materialistic, dialectical and practical ecological philosophy thinking and methods contained in Marxist ecological view, draws on the ecological wisdom of Chinese excellent traditional culture, draws lessons from the experience and lessons in the process of western industrialization, continuously deepens the understanding of the law of ecological civilization construction, and systematically answers major theoretical and practical questions such as why to build an ecological civilization, what kind of ecological civilization to build, and how to build an ecological civilization, which provides a fundamental basis for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

　　Pay to the "line". Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, through unremitting efforts, China’s ecological civilization construction has achieved a major shift from key rectification to systematic governance, from passive response to active action, from global environmental governance participants to leaders, and from practical exploration to scientific theory guidance. For example, in terms of ambient air conditions, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level in China is 29 μ g/m3, down 3.3% year-on-year, achieving a continuous decline in the past 10 years; In terms of soil environmental conditions, the national soil environmental risks have been basically controlled, and the increasing trend of soil pollution has been initially curbed; Wait a minute. The achievements in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era have attracted worldwide attention and become a remarkable symbol of historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the state in the new era.

　　"knowledge" and "behavior" run through. Adhering to the unity of knowledge and action, the key and key point is to ensure the benign interaction and real connection between knowledge and action. The main force of ecological civilization construction is all the people, but individuals have different ideological understanding, practical endowment and moral literacy, and their understanding and grasp of ideological concepts are different, deep or shallow, strong or weak. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought particularly emphasizes the important role of ecological civilization theory education and system of ecological civilization mechanism in environmental governance. By strengthening the green education at the ideological level, actively promoting the socialist concept of ecological civilization, strengthening the rigid design at the institutional level, and closely weaving the strictest and strictest network of the rule of law system, we can ensure the logical integration and unity of the true "knowledge" in thought and the true "behavior" in practice.

　　The essence of historical materialism of people first.

　　Historical materialism holds that the people are the creators of history and the decisive force of social change. As a brand-new form of the development of human civilization, ecological civilization is a great cause created collectively by the people. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought emphasizes "adhering to the principle of benefiting the people by ecology, benefiting the people by ecology and serving the people", constantly meeting the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment, which contains a distinct people’s stand and shows profound people’s feelings.

　　It is clear that the construction of ecological civilization is for the people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "The human heart is the greatest politics. We must actively respond to the people’s thoughts, expectations and urgency, vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization, provide more high-quality ecological products, and constantly meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment. " This important exposition profoundly answers the ontological proposition of who ecological civilization construction serves. The people-centered development thought has always been the logical thread running through the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, which is not only reflected in the connotation interpretation of ideological theory, but also manifested in the vivid and great practice. Our party adheres to the principle of benefiting the people by ecology, benefiting the people by ecology and serving the people by ecology, vigorously promotes green production and lifestyle, focuses on solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health, continuously improves the quality of the ecological environment, provides more high-quality ecological products, and enables people to have more sense of acquisition, happiness and security in a beautiful ecological environment.

　　Adhere to the construction of ecological civilization and rely on the people. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "ecological civilization is a common cause for the people to participate in and build together, and it is necessary to turn the construction of beautiful China into the conscious action of all the people". The supreme leader’s thought of ecological civilization requires us to constantly unite the people’s consensus in practice, enhance the people’s subjective consciousness, stimulate the people’s endogenous motivation, and provide strong material and spiritual strength for the construction of ecological civilization. Specifically, ideologically, we should strengthen the theoretical interpretation and knowledge popularization of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought step by step, so that the people can truly understand the importance and necessity of ecological civilization construction. In action, we advocate thrift, green and low-carbon consumption, promote energy-saving and water-saving products, green and environmentally-friendly furniture and building materials, promote green and low-carbon travel, encourage and guide consumers to buy energy-saving and environmentally-friendly recycled products, and promote the formation of a positive, sunny, civilized and healthy national lifestyle and consumption pattern.

　　The actual results of ecological civilization construction are judged by the people. The test of the effectiveness of all our work ultimately depends on whether the people have really benefited, whether people’s lives have really improved, and whether people’s rights and interests have really been guaranteed. As far as the ecological field is concerned, the basic criterion for evaluating the actual effect of ecological civilization construction and whether the value goal is achieved lies in whether the people’s beautiful ecological environment needs are met and whether the people really feel the sense of ecological acquisition and happiness. Only by solving and satisfying the practical problems that people think, worry and expect with high quality in all aspects can we gain wide recognition from the people and promote the achievement and realization of the goal of ecological civilization construction.

　　(This paper is a phased achievement of the National Social Science Foundation’s major project "The Philosophical Foundation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era" [〔18ZDA001〕])

　　Comic Author: Ma Hongliang (People’s Network copyright picture, please do not reprint without authorization. )

　　On February 6, local time, a strong earthquake struck southern Turkey near the Syrian border, causing a large number of casualties in Turkey and Syria. World Health Organization officials said on the 14th that the earthquake on the border between Turkey and Syria caused 26 million people in both countries to need humanitarian assistance.

　　Affected by years of war and US sanctions, the people’s livelihood in Syria has languished, and the earthquake has made the local humanitarian crisis worse. After the earthquake, the United States still refused to lift sanctions against Syria, hindering the arrival of relief aid. It was not until the 9th that the United States announced the temporary lifting of some sanctions. At this time, the 72-hour gold rescue period has passed. Natural disasters and "man-made disasters" have caused the Syrian people to bear a great price and suffer a "crisis in crisis".

　　For a long time, in order to maintain its hegemony, the United States has intervened militarily in Syria, imposed unilateral blockade and sanctions, and looted resources, which is the initiator of the Syrian crisis. After the earthquake, the United States and the West even put politicization above saving lives and hindered earthquake relief. Bashar al-Jaafari, the Syrian ambassador to Russia, recently broke the ugly face of the United States: "Imagine that our ambulances don’t even have fuel to transport the wounded, while the United States has been stealing our natural gas and oil and transporting it to a third country."

　　□ Our correspondent Fu Jin

　　On the morning of June 5th, the first public interest litigation case of air pollution filed by the procuratorate in Beijing was pronounced in the first instance of Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court. The defendant Beijing Colorful Lianyi International Steel Structure Engineering Co., Ltd. was ordered to pay compensation of more than 894,000 yuan according to law for the protection, restoration and governance of the ecological environment. At the same time, it is forbidden to engage in related processing and production activities in the original production base before it is proved that effective environmental protection measures are taken to continue production in line with environmental protection standards.

　　According to the prosecution of the fourth branch of Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate, the prosecutor of public interest litigation, Colorful Company is an enterprise mainly engaged in steel structure processing. The company produced a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) waste gas during the painting process of steel structure processing, and did not paint in a closed space or equipment according to the law, nor did it install or use pollution prevention facilities or take measures to reduce waste gas emissions, resulting in the direct discharge of VOCs waste gas from painting into the atmosphere, which caused environmental pollution and infringed on social public interests. It is required to order Multicolor Company to stop infringing on the atmospheric environment, compensate 894,880 yuan for the damage to the ecological environment, publicly apologize to the public in the media at or above the provincial level, and bear the appraisal fee of 33,000 yuan.

　　After hearing the case, Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court supported all four claims of the public interest litigation plaintiff, and ordered Colorful Company not to engage in steel structure processing and production activities involving painting, welding, etc., which produced paint mist and organic waste gas, until it was proved that effective environmental protection measures were taken to continue production in line with environmental protection standards, and at the same time compensated 894,880 yuan for the ecological environment damage caused by its actions, which was specially used for ecological environment protection, restoration and governance.

　　After the verdict, the litigation agent of Colorful Company said that at present, the factory building of Colorful Company has been demolished, the equipment has been removed and the workers have been laid off, and there is no plan to continue production at present.

　　According to Sun Li, president of Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court, since 2015, Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court has accepted a total of 16 cases of environmental civil public interest litigation, including 13 cases filed by social organizations and 3 cases filed by procuratorial organs. Judging from the trial process, environmental civil public interest litigation cases have the following characteristics: First, the types of cases are constantly enriched, including solid waste pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, campus environmental pollution, gas pollution from production and other disputes. Second, new types of cases are constantly emerging. For example, the public interest litigation case sued by Chongqing Green Volunteers Association accepted by the hospital involves the impact of disposable chopsticks, plastic products and take-away garbage on the Internet take-away platform on the ecological environment, which reflects the new requirements of environmental protection brought about by the development of Internet services and consumption transformation.

　　At the same time, in the trial of environmental civil public interest litigation cases, environmental appraisal has become a key link, in which the fact of destroying the ecology and polluting the environment, the damage consequences and compensation caused to the ecological environment and social public interests, and the restoration scheme or alternative restoration scheme for the ecological environment are the main aspects of appraisal, which are highly complex and professional.

　　The reporter learned that in view of the above-mentioned new characteristics of environmental public interest litigation, Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court has established a "green public interest litigation channel connecting legislation, trial and enforcement" and adopted the "four synchronization" measures of environmental public interest litigation, that is, the case materials are transferred to the trial court simultaneously after the case is filed, so that the trial court can know the case from the plaintiff according to the case situation and take corresponding environmental protection measures in time; Announce the acceptance of environmental cases to the public and inform social organizations that they can participate in or support environmental public interest litigation; Issue a notice of public interest litigation to the administrative department simultaneously after filing the case, and urge the administrative department to take measures; After the case was filed, the preservation measures were taken simultaneously. The presiding judge went to the scene for investigation at the first time to preserve environmental evidence, and at the same time, property preservation and behavior preservation were taken according to law to prevent environmental damage from expanding.

　　Cartography/Li Xiaojun　　

　　"If the Turks succeed, the first to lose their lives is such a person. I will do my best to lead a accustomed life for these insignificant people. What I want to protect is this Chang ‘an — — Can you understand me when I say this? " Zhang Xiaojing said.

　　Zhang Xiaojing fought in the Western Regions for ten years, and was later put on death row for killing the magistrate of Wannian County. As the Turkic wolf guards infiltrated Chang ‘an, and there are twelve hours (that is, 24 hours) left before the Lantern Festival, a disaster that devours everything is about to break out. Zhang Xiaojing, as a marginal person, was regarded as the only hope to save Chang ‘an by Li Mi, the official of Jing ‘an Company.

　　This is a seemingly impossible task, and Zhang Xiaojing has lost confidence in the Tang Dynasty.

　　In the process of solving the case, Zhang Xiaojing is maverick and cynical, but he has his own logic: for the sake of an old Uighur man who specializes in making Biluo cakes in Shengdaofang, for the sake of seeing the little novice monk in the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, for the sake of carving a beard in Fusaiji, for the sake of Arroyo who tamed camels in the East City, and for the sake of dancer Li Shier … … Chang ‘an is a concrete and vivid Chang ‘an, in which ordinary lives struggle and strive to realize humble dreams. Because of them, Zhang Xiaojing is willing to make sacrifices.

　　With the popularity of the TV series The Longest Day In Chang’an, this fictional story, which was set to happen before 1275, has once again aroused heated discussion. At least two things have touched people:

　　First of all, the details of urban life in the Tang Dynasty have been restored, from the architectural style of 108 square to the living habits of Chang ‘an people, as well as various famous shops and delicacies, which is like a travelogue.

　　Secondly, it shows the complexity of human nature. Zhang Xiaojing is an "anti-hero", who likes to complain and is vicious, but he is loyal to everything he believes. Opponent Cao Poyan is cunning and cruel, but in front of his master, he is very tame. In his heart, he retains a deep fatherly love for his daughter. Li Bi (changed to Li Bi in TV series) is a young man with a bright future, but he yearns for cultivating immortals. While playing a courageous and capable player, he is full of disgust at the changeable world and the danger of people’s hearts … …

　　The Longest Day In Chang’an’s story is like a text version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, telling the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In order to deepen this story, we specially interviewed the original author and famous writer Ma Boyong.

　　I wrote about Chang ‘an in order to test my ability.

　　Beiqing Art Review: How did you first think of writing about The Longest Day In Chang’an?

　　Ma Boyong: It was on the Zhihu. Some netizens asked a question: If you write a story for Assassin’s Creed, where would you put the background? Assassin’s Creed is a sandbox video game. The protagonist shuttles through an ancient or modern city to carry out various assassination missions. I like it very much.

　　Seeing this problem, I immediately thought of Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty. I think, if there is an assassin running around in Chang ‘an 108 Square, how interesting it is? Because Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty is a dreamland for me. There, anything can happen, which is really the most suitable stage that a creator can think of.

　　I answered thousands of words at random, but I didn’t expect netizens to leave messages one after another, and they were all interested in this idea. Based on this answer, The Longest Day In Chang’an developed a novel with more than 400,000 words. Later, it had nothing to do with the game.

　　Beiqing Art Review: How long have you been writing this novel?

　　Ma Boyong: I wrote for half a year, and spent a lot of time collecting information. I also went to Xi ‘an for several field trips.

　　For me, writing about Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty is a particularly big challenge, because I hope that the novel is as close to historical facts as possible, and the details should be tenable, but there are too many relevant materials, and it is not so easy to choose which one to use.

　　In addition, the whole story is compressed in one day and one night, which is very difficult to handle. If you write thousands of words, it will be easier to deal with it in a shorter time, but The Longest Day In Chang’an has more than 400,000 words, so you need to keep the tension. At that time, people didn’t have mobile phones, communication was backward, and the efficiency of doing things was slow. How to write the rhythm and turn a slow costume legendary martial arts drama into a fast-paced lonely hero drama with an ancient anti-terrorism theme is an extremely difficult question I gave myself.

　　I chose this writing method to test my ability.

　　Write "pull the hook" to have the Tang Dynasty flavor.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Why did the novel choose Tianbao three years (744) as the background?

　　Ma Boyong: Because nothing important happened this year. In history books, this is an ordinary year, which is why I want to write. The more ordinary the year, the more it can highlight the story — — An earth-shattering event almost happened in Chang ‘an, but the plot was uncovered in time and daily life continued. The calmer the surface, the more thrilling it can be.

　　In addition, in the third year of Tianbao, there happened to be a war between the Tang Dynasty and the Turks. Taking advantage of the civil strife in the Turks, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the Shuofang to attack Wang Zhongsi in our time, and the Turks suffered a fiasco. Under this background, it is also natural that they sent a group of people to Chang ‘an to make trouble to ease the military pressure on the border.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The book uses ancient words such as "tug-of-war" (a kind of poem written by ancient scholars to promote themselves, similar to modern self-recommendation letters). Why?

　　Ma Boyong: I hope to restore the life details of Chang ‘an people in the Tang Dynasty, including what people liked to say, what they ate, the surrounding environment and what they used at ordinary times, so as to show the characteristics of the times. If I write tug-of-war directly, the taste will be gone.

　　Beiqing Art Review: There are many interesting details in the book. For example, when Cao Poyan pretended to be Hu Shang and entered Chang ‘an, the doorman was suspicious of him and approved the word "Wei". After some bribes, he changed it to the word "Listening". Is this method of writing official documents your imagination?

　　Ma Boyong: No, this is a historical fact. In Dunhuang, many documents of the Tang Dynasty were unearthed, including the requirements of the Tang Dynasty for official document writing. This detail was written according to relevant documents.

　　Transform foreign culture into China culture.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Why are you so concerned about Chang ‘an in Tang Dynasty?

　　Ma Boyong: I have been interested in the Tang Dynasty since I was a child. At that time, I listened to the ballad of The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and then I read some materials to learn more about the Tang Dynasty. In order to write The Longest Day In Chang’an, I read a lot of materials in depth.

　　In the history of China, Chang ‘an City is the closest to a modern city. People of different languages and races live here. Whether you are Korean, Persian, Southeast Asian, European or African, Chang ‘an can tolerate and everyone lives together. The Tang Dynasty was originally an open dynasty with cultural self-confidence, but later this self-confidence became less and less.

　　The opening up of the Tang Dynasty originated from its temperament when it was founded, and it adopted an inclusive attitude towards different ethnic groups and market economies, so it was rich in diversity and diversity, and later dynasties often adopted a restraining attitude towards these.

　　The Tang Dynasty did not shy away from foreign culture, but turned it into its own use. For example, wine, originally a specialty of the western regions, was introduced into the Central Plains from the Han Dynasty, and the Central Plains tried to brew wine, but its application scope was relatively narrow. On the whole, wine is an exotic product, which can appear in many Tang poems, and it has become an integral part of China culture, such as "the luminous glass of grape wine". Poets write about wine when they think of extravagance or exoticism.

　　For example, in Bai Juyi’s poems, there is "half the river is rustling and half the river is red", and "rustling" comes from Persian, which means "glass" or "glass". Poets in the Tang Dynasty often use "rustling" to express color, for example, Du Fu’s "it often rains". For today’s readers, no one thinks that "rustling" is a foreign culture.

　　In a word, the absorption ability and assimilation ability of the Tang Dynasty were particularly strong.

　　Zhang Xiaojing has only one advantage.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Zhang Xiaojing is a controversial figure with a strong sense of bandits. Why is he set as the protagonist of the story?

　　Ma Boyong: Zhang Xiaojing is not a hero in the traditional sense. He has many shortcomings, but he has a bottom line. It is this unique advantage that makes him a hero to save Chang ‘an, which is very interesting in itself. In traditional literature, there are few such figures. When it comes to heroes, they are called "Gao Daquan".

　　From "Gao Daquan" to "anti-hero", this is the product of modern aesthetic transformation. For example, the heroes in early animation, such as Superman and Batman, are all powerful, perfect in character and handsome in appearance, but the heroes developed in Marvel Comics, such as Iron Man, Hulk and Deadpool, can’t be said to be perfect figures. They have their own shortcomings in personality, but they make us feel more cordial.

　　Of course, there may not be such a person as Zhang Xiaojing in the Tang Dynasty, because the Tang Dynasty is a society that attaches great importance to identity, and it is unlikely that Zhang Xiaojing’s understanding that everyone is equal and attaches importance to the value of life belongs to the values of modern people. But only by showing modernity can readers understand that any historical novel is like this, and every historical novel writer will have feelings and put his own ideas into it.

　　Although Zhang Xiaojing’s ideal was shattered, his efforts were used by others, and he himself was betrayed, but the civilians in Chang ‘an were saved. In this sense, his task has been completed and he has succeeded.

　　Beiqing Art Review: In the novel, Cen Can feels a little funny, while He Zhizhang feels rigid and bureaucratic, which is different from the impression of ordinary readers. Why is this arrangement?

　　Ma Boyong: I don’t think Cen Can in the novel is funny. He has his own ideals and persistence, but today’s readers have a fixed impression of him, thinking that he is a frontier poet and has lived in a military camp for a long time. However, there are different stages in life. When he was young, Cen Can thought the same way as people at that time, and tried to take the road of imperial examination, but today readers don’t know much about it. I hope to capture the changes of different historical figures, so as to better understand him. A person’s thoughts and performances are different when he is young, mature and old, and so is Cen Can.

　　As for He Zhizhang, in The Longest Day In Chang’an, he has a rigid and bureaucratic side. In fact, we never said that he was not a rigid person in textbooks in the past, but we only overemphasized that he was a poet. But in fact, his main business is politics, and his sideline is writing poetry. We didn’t know him comprehensively enough.

　　It is impossible to write a novel in a rush to make a TV series.

　　Beiqing Art Review: On the Internet, readers have different opinions on The Longest Day In Chang’an. Some netizens think it is Ma Boyong’s masterpiece, while others say it is "American drama thinking+Tang Dynasty scenery". They think it is a mystery novel, and they say it is full of ambition. It was rushed to make a TV series from the beginning, so it is better to write a script. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: So far, The Longest Day In Chang’an is my most satisfactory novel, but it is normal that readers have the right to have different views on a work.

　　As for "American drama thinking", my writing is mixed with various factors, and American drama is one of them. Today, writers should learn different writing styles and absorb different nutrients.

　　As for The Longest Day In Chang’an, I think it is difficult to use a certain type. If it must be used, it can only be broadly regarded as a historical novel, because it contains a variety of elements, and it can also be called an action novel, a political novel, etc. It is hard to say that it is a mystery novel in a strict sense.

　　As for the rush to shoot TV series from the beginning, this is definitely a layman’s point of view. Tv drama is a completely different major, which requires a long process, and there are many links in it, so you don’t have to write according to its requirements. It is impossible for any novel to write in this direction, just as no novel is written to win the Nobel Prize, so the novel written in that way will certainly not win the prize.

　　The novel market is not depressed.

　　Beiqing Art Review: In the past two years, the novel market has been in a downturn. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: I didn’t notice this phenomenon. I think the novel market is still very hot, which is similar to the situation in the past. If it is well written, it will sell well. It is impossible to sell well today, but suddenly it will not sell well tomorrow. The key is whether there are works with excellent quality.

　　As for what kind of novels sell well, there is no certain rule. After all, every writer’s style is different, and there is no uniform standard, but there is something in common, that is, they are good enough to look good. The novel market is relatively direct. Only when it is good-looking, readers will continue to read it. If it is not good-looking, it will be impossible to read it.

　　The readership of novels will not change immediately, but the way of reading will change. Some people will buy electronic versions, while others will continue to read paper books.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The Longest Day In Chang’an has collected so many materials. Will you write other novels about the Tang Dynasty in the future?

　　Ma Boyong: I’m sure I’ll write novels again, but I haven’t decided which dynasty to write. After all, the characteristics of each dynasty are different, depending on the information collected. As for whether I will write about the Tang Dynasty again, I can only say that anything is possible.

　　I haven’t written a novel since The Longest Day In Chang’an. At the beginning of this year, I published Daming under the Microscope, which is non-fiction writing. I have been reading materials for at least one or two hours every day, reading both monographs and papers. Monographs are more general, while papers pay attention to in-depth excavation. No matter what I read, I will take reading notes. As for the total number of words left in my reading notes, I haven’t counted them, because many of them are stored in the computer.

　　In short, if you keep reading and accumulate to a certain extent, you will be inspired to write.

　　The secret of writing a novel is to keep writing.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The Longest Day In Chang’an TV series has also caused some controversy. Some netizens think it is different from the original. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: Fiction is a text expression, and television is a visual language. They have completely different expression systems, and they will definitely be different. From the first day I knew I was going to shoot a TV series, I let the screenwriter change it. I didn’t participate in the work, but left it to more professional people to play freely. My team and I have a common understanding on this.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Today, many young people are willing to write novels. What is your advice to them?

　　Ma Boyong: The premise of writing a novel is that you have to write persistently. I’m not a particularly talented person. It’s almost 20 years since I started writing. During this period, the college entrance examination, going to college, looking for a job, getting married and having children have never stopped writing. I have met many talented writers, and their initial writing felt very good, but for various reasons, they gave up halfway, and it would be too difficult to pick it up later, and their writing was crude.

　　Actually, when I was in college, I studied marketing, which had nothing to do with literature. When I was in middle school, my composition was only average, not particularly good. When I was in high school, I kept a diary for two years, all of which were running books. I didn’t start writing novels until I was in college, because life is so boring that writing can make me happier. I didn’t think about publishing it at that time. The ultimate goal of writing is to make yourself happy and others happy, which is the best. If you can’t do it, make yourself happy.

　　Looking back at the things of that year, it is really green, but there are also some enterprising spirits that I can’t find now. At that time, I dared to write without restrictions and was more free.

　　In short, I don’t have any clear goals when I write it down all the way. At first, I wrote it on the computer, then I wrote it online, and then I published it, so I have been going down. I think, as long as we persist long enough, some people will get more rewards and some people will get less rewards, but in any case, there will always be rewards.

　　BEIJING, Dec. 15 (Zhang Aolin) On the 15th, Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism was exposed to erroneous statistics on the construction industry, which lasted for eight years. Because the relevant data will be used to calculate the gross domestic product (GDP), this may lead to the exaggeration of Japan’s GDP.

　　After the incident was exposed, Japanese Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Tetsuo Saito admitted the statistical error and apologized. Prime Minister kishida fumio also expressed "regret" and said that it would prevent "recurrence". However, many opposition parties and netizens in Japan did not buy it, and they demanded a thorough investigation of the incident and its impact on GDP.

　　On the 15th, Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism was exposed to erroneous statistics on the construction industry, which lasted for eight years. Because the relevant data will be used to calculate the gross domestic product (GDP), this may lead to the exaggeration of Japan’s GDP. Image source: Japan Broadcasting Association (NHK) report screenshot

　　Engineering order data is repeatedly counted.

　　Involved in the industry or more than a thousand

　　According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, what went wrong was a statistical data called "Construction Project Order Dynamics", which mainly recorded the relevant amount of construction workers in Japan after receiving public units and private projects.

　　According to reports, there are about 12,000 construction units surveyed, and they are required to fill in the relevant amount on a "survey ticket" every month and report it to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, which will then announce it.

　　However, it is puzzling that when the industry fails to submit the survey data as scheduled, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism will not record the order amount of the industry as "0", but will speculate on a data instead of the industry.

　　This is the problem. Although the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has "taken the initiative" to fill in the report, the industry will still submit the previous data after the deadline. At this time, the provincial capital of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism will count this data again in the second month, which will lead to repeated statistics of the data. Japan Broadcasting Association (NHK) reported that the number of enterprises involved accounted for about 10%.

　　Error statistics for 8 years.

　　Japan’s GDP may be exaggerated

　　NHK reported that this erroneous statistical method began at least eight years ago, and was not revised until it was discovered by accounting check Institute in April 2021.

　　At the same time, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism also revised the data after January 2020. Nevertheless, there were repeated statistics in the data of several years before that, and the actual figures were likely to be more than the real figures.

　　The report also pointed out that because this statistical data will be used for GDP calculation, Japanese Constitutional Democratic Party member Ji Meng said, "Because statistics ‘ Water injection ’ I think it will have an impact on the GDP figures at that time. "

　　Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport "Recognized Accounts"

　　Kishida fumio quickly put out the fire.

　　After the incident was exposed, Tetsuo Saito, Japanese Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, admitted the double counting at the Budget Committee of the House of Representatives on 15th, and said, "I’m very sorry, I’m sorry about this".

　　In this regard, the Japanese opposition party expressed its strong opposition. Ichiro Tamaki, a representative of the National Democratic Party, pointed out that "such an important statistic on GDP is wrong, which will lead to all the related policies derived from it being wrong, which should never happen" and called for this matter to be "seriously investigated".

　　In addition, a number of opposition parties also hope to conduct a centralized review of this matter before the start of the usual parliamentary budget review in 2022, and thoroughly understand the actual situation and the occurrence process.

　　Japanese Prime Minister kishida fumio also rushed out to put out the fire on the 15th. He first said that he was "very sorry and would try his best to prevent similar incidents from happening again". Later, he said, "This data has been revised since January of 2020, and I don’t think the GDP of 2020 and 2021 has been directly affected".

　　At the same time, Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroichi Matsuno also said, "The reliability of government statistics is very important, and I deeply regret such a problem."

　　Japanese netizen fryer

　　Call for a thorough investigation

　　In addition to the fact that the ruling and opposition parties came and went in Congress, the statistical error quickly occupied the headlines of many Japanese media on the 15th, and also caused a lot of discussion on social media.

　　Some netizens questioned: Is it really just a mistake? Or is it a premeditated operation? This is the key. If it is really just a mistake, the responsible person should be dealt with seriously. ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　Some netizens said in response to Kishida and others: It is not "trying to prevent it from happening again" and it is over. Let’s investigate the matter clearly! ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　It’s not enough to apologize ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　Some netizens also suspect that someone is manipulating behind the scenes: Who ordered it?

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　Some netizens even linked the time when the mistake occurred (starting 8 years ago) with Shinzo Abe, who served as Japanese Prime Minister from December 2012 to August 2020: he began to violate the statistics law eight years ago, even by accident, from the Abe regime, didn’t he? And GDP is also mixed with water, please investigate the previous (problems), correct (mistakes), and deal with the relevant responsible persons. ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　As for whether this mistake has affected Japan’s GDP and how big it is, Matsuno Boyi said, "The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications has taken the lead in conducting the investigation."

   (Video production: Xue Chen)

    Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, June 2 (Reporter Xue Chen) "Ah Habibi, I am your good brother Lao Wang!" Dressed in an exquisite suit, a black curls and a beard, and speaking Chinese with a foreign accent, the man who took a selfie with a camera is called Ahmed Jabbar (Chinese name: Wang Lixuan), who comes from far away Iraq. This is his tenth year in China.

    On the Chinese social media platform, Wang Lixuan runs a gourmet account "Lao Wang is in China" with more than 15 million fans. The profile of the account reads: "Having experienced the pain in where will you go, I know how to cherish the hard-won stability and life after coming to China. I love the food here and the scenery here."

    "At first, I thought it was fireworks, but later I realized that it was the whistling sound of the missile falling." Wang Lixuan recalled that he was born in Iraq in 1994, and his childhood memories were full of painful experiences of being displaced by war. From Iraq to Syria, Wang Lixuan and his family have been baptized by war. Finally, in 2014, the family came to China with the help of relatives.

   Wang Lixuan (first from right) and his family. Xinhua news agency

    When he first arrived in China, Wang Lixuan worked as an Arabic intern teacher in an international school in Yinchuan, Ningxia. In order to better integrate into and start a new life in a foreign country, he taught himself Chinese while teaching Arabic. "The people around me are very patient. Although they didn’t understand what they were saying at first, they could see from their eyes that they really wanted to help me." Everything comes to him who waits. Wang Lixuan seized every opportunity in his life to learn Chinese, and finally he could communicate without barriers in less than a year.

    In the days since then, Wang Lixuan’s identity has also changed many times, such as Arabic teacher, class teacher of foreign students, model, actor, anchor with goods … After many changes, Wang Lixuan gradually adapted to the life in China, and her long-lost "sense of security" was also recovered.

   On May 28th, Wang Lixuan walked and photographed with a camera in his hand on the streets of Chengdu. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Chen photo

    In 2018, Wang Lixuan signed up for an online short video training competition organized by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region government. Through the competition, he came into contact with the short video on the Internet and learned the basic editing operation and the operation skills of platforms such as bilibili and Tik Tok. On a trip, Wang Lixuan shared her feelings about food in front of the camera while eating it. After editing, this video was uploaded to the internet and got a high number of views. Later, Wang Lixuan took several short videos of food shops, all of which achieved good communication effects. This jealous, Chinese-speaking foreign blogger has gradually entered the field of vision of netizens.

    In less than half a year, the number of fans of Wang Lixuan has soared from tens of thousands to more than 15 million. Through his lens, netizens can enjoy the special food in China without leaving home, and they kindly gave him the homophonic name "To dazzle inside". The video of "Lao Wang in China" not only has unique comments from foreigners’ perspectives, but also has cordial interaction with restaurant owners and diners, which makes each video full of laughter and warmth.

    "Distressed" is a word that often appears in the video barrage of "Lao Wang in China". During the Spring Festival in 2024, when filming in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Wang Lixuan was sitting alone at a barbecue stall for dinner. A sudden burst of firecrackers startled him in front of the camera, and his eyes were full of fear for a few seconds. "I thought it was the sound of a bomb exploding." This scene was just recorded by the camera, which made countless netizens feel distressed. On the barrage, netizens left messages "Don’t be afraid, this is China", "Looking up in amazement is responsible for yourself, and smiling and lowering your head is a trust in China".

    In March of this year, Wang Lixuan returned to his motherland after nearly 20 years’ absence and met his parents who missed him so much. During his short six days in Iraq, Wang Lixuan also felt that his motherland was gradually recovering. To his surprise, there is a Chinese restaurant in Baghdad, and the construction of schools, hospitals, bridges and railways aided by China is also stepping up. "I deeply feel that China is pulling Iraq forward with warm hands." Wang Lixuan sighed.

   On May 28th, Wang Lixuan filmed in a small shop in Chengdu. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Chen photo

    Today, Wang Lixuan began to "carry" his works to overseas social media platforms, hoping to let netizens from more countries know about the development and changes of Chinese food culture and economy and society through short videos.

    "I am a foreigner, but I am not an outsider. I like a peaceful life and I like peaceful people. " In the future, he also wants to expand the video content to China’s tourism, tea culture, costumes, customs, ethnic minorities and other fields, showing colorful and pyrotechnic China. (Participating in writing: Wang Jiaxuan)

　　Photo courtesy of vision china

　　Protecting intellectual property rights and prohibiting the abuse of intellectual property rights, just like two sides of the same coin, are both aimed at making the intellectual property system really promote social development. Only with the consciousness and concept of "strict protection" and "no abuse" can malicious cybersquatting be eradicated.

　　A few days ago, Zheng Yuanjie, the king of fairy tales, publicly announced that he would stop writing the monthly magazine "The King of Fairytales" and devote himself to the rights protection of the three trademarks "Pipiru", "Shunk" and "The King of Fairytales". Over the past 36 years, The King of Fairy Tales has published 495 issues, with a total print run of over 200 million copies, affecting millions of readers. But to Zheng Yuanjie’s annoyance, many characters in his works and the word "King of Fairy Tales" are frequently squatted. After years of efforts, there are still 672 infringing trademarks waiting for rights protection.

　　The tug-of-war of rights protection exposes imperfect trademark protection.

　　His academic performance is not good, and he is not the kind of good boy that school teachers like, but he is kind-hearted, just and brave, and has stories on him — — Zheng Yuanjie’s China boy is called Cpaing. In 1985, with the publication of The King of Fairy Tales, a large number of literary characters, such as Pipiru, Lu Xixi, Shunk and Beta, became famous with Zheng Yuanjie’s fairy tales, which influenced generations of children.

　　However, a few years later, who would have thought that all these characters were registered as trademarks: "Pipiru" became pork skin, "Shunk" became an underwear brand, and "Fairy Tale King" became the flagship store of children’s wear e-commerce. In these years, on the road of safeguarding rights, Zheng Yuanjie is almost alone in "fighting". He knew the Copyright Law and Trademark Law by heart, and even risked his life to obtain evidence to defend his rights, but his "record" was not brilliant: in 20 years, there were 672 trademarks, and only 16 successfully defended their rights. In an interview with the media, Zheng Yuanjie revealed that it would take him six years to "win" a controversial trademark on average, which cost about 90,000 yuan.

　　Among them, the "tug-of-war" for the rights protection of the three trademarks "Pipiru", "Shuk" and "Fairy Tale King" has been going on for several years. Take the protection of the trademark "Cpaing" as an example. After the lawsuit in Zheng Yuanjie, the trademark of the sued enterprise was initially ruled invalid. After that, the trademark registrant appealed to the Beijing Intellectual Property Court and sent it back for retrial. After the relevant review body ruled that the trademark could be used, Zheng Yuanjie continued to sue … … Because of the twists and turns in the process of defending rights, and without the final victory, Zheng Yuanjie was exhausted.

　　"This exposes the imperfection of trademark protection in China. Although the trademark law has provisions on the protection of prior rights, it is not perfect. " Pan Helin, executive director of the Digital Economy Research Institute of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that most trademark ownership in China is still the only requirement for obtaining rights by registration, rather than "actual use" and "true intention". However, the protection of prior rights is the general trend in the world. In foreign countries, as long as the earliest user can prove his prior use, even if the trademark has been registered for many years, he can apply for cancellation.

　　Lawyer Yu Qingkai, director of the Intellectual Property Professional Committee of Guiyang Lawyers Association of Guizhou Province and senior partner of Beijing Yingke (Guiyang) Law Firm, believes that the purpose of preempting the names of people with certain influence into their own trademarks is to promote their own goods or services with the help of the influence of the names of people, which is subjectively malicious and has no legitimacy. Judging from the judicial practice, the characters with such special phrases as "Cpaing" and "Shunk" were originally created by the obligee, who should have copyright, but there is no corresponding basis for the ownership and protection of rights in the current legal system.

　　"Blacklist" may not be able to stop the malicious cybersquatting of trademarks.

　　In 2020, there are about 13.4 million trademark applications in the world, and China ranks first in the world with about 9.3 million trademark applications by category. According to preliminary statistics, by the end of the third quarter of 2021, there were 34,300,631 valid registered trademarks nationwide, an increase of 6,920,766 over the same period of the previous year, with a year-on-year increase of 25.27%.

　　But in sharp contrast, the rush to register is rampant.

　　Ding Zhen, a teenager who suddenly became popular, was robbed, and Eye of the Great Power turned into a pack of cigarettes. Even Zhong Nanshan and Olympic athletes were hot spots. In recent years, wave after wave of "hot spots" trademark news has been searched frequently.

　　This phenomenon of cybersquatting has actually been related to the trademark.

　　To run counter to the meaning. With the increasing number of trademark registration behaviors of "rubbing hot spots", one registered trademark after another is ridiculous.

　　Those registered trademarks, whether hoarded or sold, are often behind unimaginable high transfer fees and usage fees, which may even promote malicious registered trademarks to become a gray industrial chain — — The registration fee is only a few hundred yuan, but if the registered trademark is a famous person, it may involve subsequent transfer, and you can get hundreds or even tens of thousands of times of income.

　　Fortunately, China National Intellectual Property Administration and the relevant administrative law enforcement agencies usually use batch rejection to solve the hot events and malicious cybersquatting of characters. For example, after the Chinese Olympic Committee shouted to stop "malicious cybersquatting", China National Intellectual Property Administration official website issued a notice rejecting 109 trademark registration applications such as Yang Qian, Chen Meng and Quanhongchan.

　　The Measures for the Administration of the List of Serious Violations of Law and Trust in Market Supervision and Management, which was officially implemented on September 1 last year, clearly stipulates that those who submit malicious trademark registration applications that harm the public interests will be included in the list of serious violations of law and trust.

　　Can this move stop this vicious rush to register trademarks? In this regard, Pan Helin said that according to the trademark law, malicious cybersquatting belongs to the category of infringement, not administrative punishment.

　　The list of serious dishonesty has a certain deterrent effect on trademark cybersquatting, but there is still a problem of malicious cybersquatting. In judicial practice, there are no clear provisions on the elements of the determination of preemptive registration, such as prior rights and improper means, and the determination of subjective malice is also controversial. Therefore, it is only a reference model to be included in the list of dishonesty. The key is to clarify the legal boundary of malicious trademark squatting and increase the punishment for malicious trademark squatting.

　　Let the rule of law become the "fence" of trademark protection

　　Last year, China National Intellectual Property Administration issued a special notice, announcing that it would take special actions to crack down on malicious cybersquatting. Among them, malicious squatting on the names of major scientific and technological projects has caused great adverse social impact, and malicious squatting on well-known works or role names has all been included in the crackdown targets.

　　China National Intellectual Property Administration stated that it will strengthen overall coordination, expose typical cases, illegal individuals, enterprises and agencies in a timely manner, and hand over those in bad conditions to local law enforcement departments for punishment in time, so as to create a good legal environment, market environment and social environment for all kinds of market players to compete fairly, innovate and consciously resist malicious cybersquatting.

　　Outline of Building a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021— In 2035), it is proposed that by 2035, China’s comprehensive intellectual property competitiveness will rank among the top in the world, and it will basically become a world-class intellectual property power with China characteristics. In the future, with the increasing protection of intellectual property rights in China, the high-pressure situation against malicious cybersquatting will become a new normal.

　　However, in recent years, an act under the banner of intellectual property protection is worthy of vigilance. From the recent Sichuan restaurant being sued for infringement for using the word "green pepper" in its dish name to the previous rights protection incident of "Tongguan Chinese hamburger" and "Xiaoyao Town Hulatang", the limits and protection scope of trademark rights protection have aroused heated public discussion. In the eyes of some people in the industry, protecting intellectual property rights and prohibiting the abuse of intellectual property rights are like two sides of the same coin, both of which are aimed at making the intellectual property system really promote social development. Only with the consciousness and concept of "strict protection" and "prohibition of abuse" can malicious cybersquatting be eradicated.

　　It is imperative to protect "plugging" with the rule of law as a trademark. Zheng Yuanjie suggested at the Weibo that a new clause should be added to the Trademark Law: to register the names and titles of well-known literary characters created by others within the copyright protection period, the authorization of the original author is required, and the registered trademark shall not infringe the copyright of others.

　　Lawyer Yu Qingkai also suggested perfecting legislation to protect the fair use of trademarks. He said that from the perspective of trademark registration, the author did not apply for trademark registration for the role names and titles of his works in time, which would bring difficulties to the follow-up rights protection. But on the one hand, it takes time and cost to register a trademark. On the other hand, if the current trademark law is not a registration act for the purpose of use, it will be recognized by the intellectual property department as malicious hoarding of trademarks and may be subject to administrative punishment. From this perspective, the author’s application for trademark registration for the role of his work has certain legal risks. Therefore, such role names and article titles should be defined as a new type of intellectual property, or the scope of copyright protection should be expanded to include the previously used influential role names and article titles.

　　The industry believes that the "fence" of intellectual property protection can be further built. It is expected that the "plugging" of the rule of law will leave some speculators with no loopholes to drill.

The Beijing News (Reporter Li Yukun) On April 10th, Singapore intercepted the second batch of pangolin scales in less than a week. These scales weighed 12.7 tons and came from about 21,000 pangolins. Not long ago, China’s customs announced ten typical cases of cracking down on the smuggling of endangered species such as ivory and their products, and many endangered animals and products involved were also from Nigeria.

　

On March 14th, a China girl with an alias of "African Xia" went to Nigeria, Africa for one month at her own expense, exposing the pangolin trade in the local market, in which the Chinese played a disgraceful role.

　

As an animal protection organization, China Green Hair Association is also concerned about the smuggling of pangolins from Nigeria, and has written to relevant parties in Nigeria to promote the protection of pangolins. The reporter learned from the China Green Hair Association that the Nigerian Ministry of Environment has replied to the China Green Hair Association and invited the China Green Hair Association to Nigeria from May 20th to 22nd to discuss the protection and cooperation of pangolin endangered species.

　

Two species of pangolins are distributed in Nigeria.

　

At one time, Chinese pangolins could be seen shuttling through bamboo forests in southern China, looking for nests of ants or termites. However, the number of Chinese pangolin, regarded as medicine and food, has dropped sharply since the 1960s, and it became "commercially extinct" around 1995.

　

There are 8 kinds of pangolins in the world, besides Chinese pangolins, Indian pangolins, Malay pangolins and Philippine pangolins are distributed in Asia. There are four pangolin species in Africa, namely black-bellied long-tailed pangolin, white-bellied long-tailed pangolin, big pangolin and South African pangolin.

　

There are two main species in Nigeria. Pangolin with black belly and long tail is distributed in the southeast of Nigeria. They grow in primary and secondary rainforests, artificial forests (bushes), swamp forests and farmland. The white-bellied long-tailed pangolin mainly inhabits the lowland tropical humid forest in Nigeria, the forest-savanna alternate zone, and in areas where hunting is not carried out, and may also live in cultivated land and fallow land.

　

According to the investigation, two kinds of pangolins, black-bellied pangolins and white-bellied pangolins, were arrested in Nigeria for consumption or trading in the market, and their scales were used as medicine, including traditional African western medicine, and their numbers were declining continuously.

　

Locals don’t eat pangolins.

　

The videos and photos provided by "African Xia" show that it is common for local people to sell pangolins, and it is easy for Chinese people to buy pangolins locally.

　

The number of Chinese in the local area is quite large, exceeding 200,000. After going there, "African Xia" found that Chinese can be seen anytime and anywhere on the street or in shopping malls and supermarkets.

　

The local beliefs are mainly Christianity, Islam and Muslims, and they eat fish, chicken, beef and mutton, but there is little demand for pork and wild animals. Many people who sell pangolins told "African Xia" that most of the pangolins they caught were sold to Chinese because local people don’t eat pangolins. Nigeria is still relatively poor, and Chinese are a relatively rich group in the local area.

　

Although the local virgin forest is decreasing with the increase of human activities, the investigation of "African Xia" found that the local trafficked live pangolins were all arrested in the local forest area. The local temperature is relatively high, reaching 36℃, 37℃ or even higher. If it is shipped from other places, it will die, because pangolins are not resistant to high temperature.

　

Selling in Chinese, a catty of pangolin scales is only sold in 95 yuan.

　

The first wildlife market that "African Xia" went to was in Lagos, and its Chinese name was "Little Fishing Village". "I will never forget this market, and I am also very frightened and surprised. I can only think of what I can’t see."

　

"The small fishing village is far away from where I live, and it was already afternoon when I came here. When my car didn’t stop, the locals came around and said in less fluent Chinese, do you want to buy pangolins? " African Xia said that because it was afternoon, the live pangolins were sold out that day. "There are locals in the market who ask me if I want to buy pangolin scales, and there is a skinned pangolin tail to sell to me."

　

Besides pangolins, this market also sells other wild animals. She saw bustard, lizard, turtle and python on the chopping board.

　

Wild animals sold in the small fishing village market.

　

Later, "African Xia" went to a small fishing village market early. It was a Monday, and the locals told her that if she had come yesterday, she would have bought a lot. "This market is dominated by Sundays, because Chinese people work from Monday to Friday and will come to this market to buy pangolins on Sundays. The locals told me that he sold five on Sunday. "

　

In a video displayed by the African Xia, the local people sold her a live pangolin in fluent Chinese, and said that "as much as you want", the price was "18,000, 16,000 naira, and as many as 15,000 naira".

　

"This person will also sell me pangolin scales, which can provide me with 200 kilograms to 500 kilograms every month. The price is very cheap, 10,000 naira a kilogram, equivalent to about RMB 190 yuan." The African man said.

　

Plus Chinese WeChat promotion, it can be delivered to your door

　

"African Xia" later came to the Moroccan market, which is a relatively large local vegetable market and also sells pangolins.

　

"When I went to this market, a local young man took the initiative to tell me if you want to buy pangolins. And take the initiative to add me to WeChat. I added him to WeChat, and he sent me pictures. " "African Xia" said that after she returned to China, the young man would send her pictures when he caught pangolin, showing reporters the circle of friends and chat records of the local guy.

　

The local WeChat circle of friends shows the pangolins to be sold.

　

Local people sell pangolins to her through WeChat.

　

"African Xia" said with remorse that she made a mistake in this market and failed to save two pangolins.

　

"This young man showed me pictures and said that there are two pangolins today. Do you want them? Can be delivered to your door, a 15 thousand naira. My heart melted. I think if I don’t buy these two pangolins, they will also become someone else’s food. If I buy them, these two pangolins will still live. In fact, I made a low-level mistake. When he delivered it, the pangolin was already dying. Because it’s late, I want to release it tomorrow morning, but before dawn, these two pangolins are dead.

　

The captured pangolin released by the local WeChat circle of friends.

　

"I this makes me very sad, I failed to save them, but become a part of the trafficking chain, I think I made a mistake. I hope others don’t make mistakes like mine. " "African Xia" said.

　

Nigeria’s crackdown

　

In Nigeria, pangolin is actually protected by the highest law.

　

On September 29th, 2016, at the 17th Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES COP 17) held in Johannesburg, South Africa, the proposal to upgrade all eight pangolins from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I was passed. Pangolin enjoys the highest protection under this convention. Nigeria signed and ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In the same year, Nigeria promulgated the Endangered Species Act, which listed pangolin as an endangered species in Appendix 1.

　

Statistics in 2018 show that Nigeria has seized 14,833 tons of pangolin and its scales, worth about 900 million US dollars. According to the General Administration of Customs of Nigeria, the amount of pangolin seized in Nigeria ranks first in the world.

　

Pangolin sold in the game market in Nigeria.

For example, only on March 15th last year, pangolin scales were sold in Ikaijia, Nigeria. 329 bags of pangolin scales weighing 8.4 tons and worth 1.72 billion naira (about RMB 33 million) were found in an apartment in Chinese.

　

As an animal protection organization, China Green Hair Association is also concerned about the smuggling of pangolins from Nigeria, and has written to relevant parties in Nigeria to promote the protection of pangolins. The reporter learned from the China Green Hair Association that the Nigerian Ministry of Environment has replied to the China Green Hair Association and invited the China Green Hair Association to Nigeria from May 20th to 22nd to discuss the protection and cooperation of pangolin endangered species.

　

Huge profits have attracted a lot of smuggling.

　

According to the investigation of "African Xia", the local price of pangolin in Nigeria is about one in 300 yuan, and the pangolin scales in 190 yuan are a kilo (10,000 naira), that is, a kilo in 95 yuan, which is very cheap. In Guangxi, China, at the beginning of 2017, some people openly peddled pangolins on the Internet, with a living body of "1,500 yuan a catty".

　

The huge price difference has attracted many smuggling operations.

　

Since the beginning of this year, many smuggling cases of pangolin have been cracked by customs in many countries. Apart from the pangolin intercepted by Singapore Customs mentioned at the beginning of the article, on February 1 this year, Hong Kong Customs and Mainland Customs took a joint action to crack down on cross-border smuggling of endangered species, and seized about 8,300 kilograms of pangolin scales in a container in the inspection yard of Kwai Chung Customs Building, which was the largest smuggling case ever cracked by Hong Kong Customs. The container was from Nigeria.

　

Nigerian officials previously said that pangolins were not captured in Nigeria, and Nigeria was regarded as a transit point for illegally smuggling pangolins and their products. However, according to the information obtained from the investigation of "African Xia", there are indeed activities of catching and selling pangolins in Nigeria, "200 to 500 kilograms of pangolin scales can be provided in one month".

　

In addition, some pangolins in Nigeria may come from neighboring Cameroon. The investigation results in recent years show that pangolins scales mainly come from southern and eastern Cameroon, and some illegal smugglers have been trafficking pangolins and their products for a long time, mainly supplying the Nigerian market. Statistics on February 22 this year show that Cameroon has seized 20,000 tons of pangolin scales in less than five years.

　

Some people eat pangolin because it is too expensive in China.

　

"African Xia" said that she had asked more than 20 people in Nigeria and they all asked the same question: Is pangolin really delicious?

　

"Their answer is not delicious. Pangolin has a taste that can’t be removed. But why eat it? Some people say that it can improve immunity and prevent malaria, others say that it is anti-cancer, others say that it treats skin diseases and prolactin, and it is said that this thing is aphrodisiac, and men are stronger when they eat it. " "African Xia" said that there are still a few people who said that there are almost no pangolins in China. It’s too expensive in China, and it’s so cheap here, so why not eat them.

　

She feels that in Nigeria, people lack awareness of the protection of pangolins and other endangered wild animals. In some public places such as airports and hotels, there are hardly any advertisements about wildlife protection, reminding Chinese who come to Nigeria to pay attention to the protection of pangolins. African Xia said, "I feel that local Chinese think it is not illegal to eat wild animals, just like eating a chicken and a duck."

　

Medicine is also the reason, and the efficacy needs to be re-examined

　

In traditional Chinese medicine, pangolin can be used as medicine, which also leads to a certain degree of pangolin being killed.

　

Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary-General of China Green Development Association, suggested that the World Health Organization should incorporate traditional medicine into international disease guidelines, which should be based on sustainability and scientificity. He believes that Chinese pangolin is used as medicine in traditional medicine in China, but there is no doubt that the commercial extinction of Chinese pangolin is caused by excessive use and habitat destruction. Therefore, the utilization of wild animals and plants in traditional medicine must strengthen scientific management.

　

"Our ancestors said that pangolin is a traditional Chinese medicine. There are several preconditions. First, pangolin is an inferior medicine, which is toxic and should not be eaten easily. During the rescue of pangolin, we tested it. Pangolin is full of viruses and bacteria, which is very dangerous. Recently, it was reported on the Internet that Yunnan Baiyao can cure many diseases because it contains seven kinds of Chinese medicines, including pangolin. Obviously, there is a mistake in writing. The English version and the Latin version of Yunnan Baiyao all describe Dioscorea nipponica Makino, which is a kind of plant with perennial grass vines and is the main component of Yunnan Baiyao. It is even more nonsense to say that pangolin can strengthen yang, and there is no scientific basis. " Zhou Jinfeng said.

　

An expert from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine also said that the ingredients or medicinal effects of pangolin nail tablets are equivalent to those of human fingernails. In the past, people were too mysterious about the medicinal properties of pangolin, but now most of them are replaced by seaweed and oyster.

　

"A local person can catch ten pangolins a month."

　

"African Xia" said that she was able to summon up such great courage and take risks to investigate in Nigeria, hoping that all Chinese compatriots would not eat pangolins, because pangolins in China are close to extinction. If we continue to eat like this, our descendants can only see such lovely creatures in books.

　

On the afternoon of April 19th, the reporter talked to the wildlife protector "African Xia" who returned from Africa and listened to her talk about the hardships of investigation in Nigeria.

　

Take the police with you in local investigations.

　

Beijing News:When did you go and how long did you stay?

African chivalry:I have been in Nigeria for a month, leaving on March 14th and returning to Beijing on April 14th.

　　　

Beijing News:What made you pay attention to pangolin?

African chivalry:I am also a volunteer for wildlife protection in China, and I have been doing wildlife protection in the front line. Personally, I prefer pangolin, which has been commercially extinct in China. Moreover, in recent years, many pangolin smuggling cases all point to Nigeria, so I decided to go there and have a look.

　　　

Beijing News:Are you in danger over there?

African chivalry:When we go out, we should always take the police with us. After paying the local money for the record, we can send a policeman to protect you. The police all carry guns, because the local public security is very bad, and there are often kidnappings and robberies, many of which are aimed at Chinese. My police confronted others with guns during the investigation, like a big movie scene.

　

Beijing News:Have you encountered any big obstacles or difficulties during your research for a month?　

African chivalry:Once I was sick and didn’t go out to investigate for three or four days. There have been times when Chinese doubted the purpose of my visit and asked me why I asked Pangolin, feeling wary of me.

　　　

Beijing News:In what capacity did you investigate over there?

African chivalry:I have a friend in China who runs a hotel there. I always say that I work in this hotel, otherwise others will be more suspicious of my purpose.

　

The local income is very low, and people who sell pangolins dress better.

　

Beijing News:You went to the "small fishing village" market and the Moroccan market. Are they the only markets that specialize in selling wild animals, or do you sell pangolins in any market in Nigeria?

African chivalry:These two places are quite famous. After I went there, I asked Chinese where I could buy pangolins. These two markets are generally recognized.

　

Pangolin sold in the local market.　　　

　

Beijing News:What else do you sell in these two markets?

African chivalry:The "small fishing village" market is a market dominated by wild animals and fish, near the sea; The Moroccan market is a relatively complete market in the local area, selling vegetables, cigarettes, wine, tea and clothing.

　　　

Beijing News:What is the living standard of people who do business in the market in Nigeria?

African chivalry:It is relatively poor in the local area. On average, the higher average is five or six hundred yuan per person per month, and some people only have a salary of two or three hundred yuan.

　　　

Beijing News:Are these people who sell pangolins better off?

African chivalry:Obviously better, some local people can’t fill their stomachs, but these people who sell pangolins look better in clothes and phones than the local poor.

　

Beijing News:How did they learn Chinese?

African chivalry:Their Chinese is aimed at buyers, but it is not standard but can communicate.

　　　

Beijing News:Have you ever asked how long it takes to catch a pangolin?

African chivalry:I asked a local how many can I catch a month? He said that he can catch about ten a month, not every day, but one person can catch ten a month.

　

I only see Chinese people buying

　

Beijing News:Nigeria is eating pangolins. Only Chinese? Or are Chinese the main group?

African chivalry:All I see is Chinese buying. During the investigation in Africa, I only saw Chinese eating pangolins, but it did not rule out that people from other countries would buy them.

　　　

Beijing News:Do you know the main flow of pangolin smuggling?

African chivalry:As for smuggling, an insider revealed that the smuggling of pangolin scales is mainly by sea, and a large number of them are collected locally, and then transported to various countries, including China, by container sea.

　　　

Beijing News:What do the locals think of these pangolin-loving Chinese?

African chivalry:For these local people who catch and sell pangolins, they think that if you eat, I can make money. The local average salary is five or six hundred. If he catches a pangolin, his monthly income will come out.

　

Beijing News:What do you think is the most important thing to protect pangolin?

African chivalry:The most important thing is to publicize and tell the local Chinese that this is illegal. Many people don’t know that pangolins are also protected by law in Nigeria. They think that it is not illegal to eat pangolins in China.

　

Beijing News reporter Li Yukun　

Editor Jia Wencheng proofreads Lu Aiying.

The pictures and videos in this article are provided by "African Xia"