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　　"If the Turks succeed, the first to lose their lives is such a person. I will do my best to lead a accustomed life for these insignificant people. What I want to protect is this Chang ‘an — — Can you understand me when I say this? " Zhang Xiaojing said.

　　Zhang Xiaojing fought in the Western Regions for ten years, and was later put on death row for killing the magistrate of Wannian County. As the Turkic wolf guards infiltrated Chang ‘an, and there are twelve hours (that is, 24 hours) left before the Lantern Festival, a disaster that devours everything is about to break out. Zhang Xiaojing, as a marginal person, was regarded as the only hope to save Chang ‘an by Li Mi, the official of Jing ‘an Company.

　　This is a seemingly impossible task, and Zhang Xiaojing has lost confidence in the Tang Dynasty.

　　In the process of solving the case, Zhang Xiaojing is maverick and cynical, but he has his own logic: for the sake of an old Uighur man who specializes in making Biluo cakes in Shengdaofang, for the sake of seeing the little novice monk in the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, for the sake of carving a beard in Fusaiji, for the sake of Arroyo who tamed camels in the East City, and for the sake of dancer Li Shier … … Chang ‘an is a concrete and vivid Chang ‘an, in which ordinary lives struggle and strive to realize humble dreams. Because of them, Zhang Xiaojing is willing to make sacrifices.

　　With the popularity of the TV series The Longest Day In Chang’an, this fictional story, which was set to happen before 1275, has once again aroused heated discussion. At least two things have touched people:

　　First of all, the details of urban life in the Tang Dynasty have been restored, from the architectural style of 108 square to the living habits of Chang ‘an people, as well as various famous shops and delicacies, which is like a travelogue.

　　Secondly, it shows the complexity of human nature. Zhang Xiaojing is an "anti-hero", who likes to complain and is vicious, but he is loyal to everything he believes. Opponent Cao Poyan is cunning and cruel, but in front of his master, he is very tame. In his heart, he retains a deep fatherly love for his daughter. Li Bi (changed to Li Bi in TV series) is a young man with a bright future, but he yearns for cultivating immortals. While playing a courageous and capable player, he is full of disgust at the changeable world and the danger of people’s hearts … …

　　The Longest Day In Chang’an’s story is like a text version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, telling the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In order to deepen this story, we specially interviewed the original author and famous writer Ma Boyong.

　　I wrote about Chang ‘an in order to test my ability.

　　Beiqing Art Review: How did you first think of writing about The Longest Day In Chang’an?

　　Ma Boyong: It was on the Zhihu. Some netizens asked a question: If you write a story for Assassin’s Creed, where would you put the background? Assassin’s Creed is a sandbox video game. The protagonist shuttles through an ancient or modern city to carry out various assassination missions. I like it very much.

　　Seeing this problem, I immediately thought of Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty. I think, if there is an assassin running around in Chang ‘an 108 Square, how interesting it is? Because Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty is a dreamland for me. There, anything can happen, which is really the most suitable stage that a creator can think of.

　　I answered thousands of words at random, but I didn’t expect netizens to leave messages one after another, and they were all interested in this idea. Based on this answer, The Longest Day In Chang’an developed a novel with more than 400,000 words. Later, it had nothing to do with the game.

　　Beiqing Art Review: How long have you been writing this novel?

　　Ma Boyong: I wrote for half a year, and spent a lot of time collecting information. I also went to Xi ‘an for several field trips.

　　For me, writing about Chang ‘an in the Tang Dynasty is a particularly big challenge, because I hope that the novel is as close to historical facts as possible, and the details should be tenable, but there are too many relevant materials, and it is not so easy to choose which one to use.

　　In addition, the whole story is compressed in one day and one night, which is very difficult to handle. If you write thousands of words, it will be easier to deal with it in a shorter time, but The Longest Day In Chang’an has more than 400,000 words, so you need to keep the tension. At that time, people didn’t have mobile phones, communication was backward, and the efficiency of doing things was slow. How to write the rhythm and turn a slow costume legendary martial arts drama into a fast-paced lonely hero drama with an ancient anti-terrorism theme is an extremely difficult question I gave myself.

　　I chose this writing method to test my ability.

　　Write "pull the hook" to have the Tang Dynasty flavor.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Why did the novel choose Tianbao three years (744) as the background?

　　Ma Boyong: Because nothing important happened this year. In history books, this is an ordinary year, which is why I want to write. The more ordinary the year, the more it can highlight the story — — An earth-shattering event almost happened in Chang ‘an, but the plot was uncovered in time and daily life continued. The calmer the surface, the more thrilling it can be.

　　In addition, in the third year of Tianbao, there happened to be a war between the Tang Dynasty and the Turks. Taking advantage of the civil strife in the Turks, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the Shuofang to attack Wang Zhongsi in our time, and the Turks suffered a fiasco. Under this background, it is also natural that they sent a group of people to Chang ‘an to make trouble to ease the military pressure on the border.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The book uses ancient words such as "tug-of-war" (a kind of poem written by ancient scholars to promote themselves, similar to modern self-recommendation letters). Why?

　　Ma Boyong: I hope to restore the life details of Chang ‘an people in the Tang Dynasty, including what people liked to say, what they ate, the surrounding environment and what they used at ordinary times, so as to show the characteristics of the times. If I write tug-of-war directly, the taste will be gone.

　　Beiqing Art Review: There are many interesting details in the book. For example, when Cao Poyan pretended to be Hu Shang and entered Chang ‘an, the doorman was suspicious of him and approved the word "Wei". After some bribes, he changed it to the word "Listening". Is this method of writing official documents your imagination?

　　Ma Boyong: No, this is a historical fact. In Dunhuang, many documents of the Tang Dynasty were unearthed, including the requirements of the Tang Dynasty for official document writing. This detail was written according to relevant documents.

　　Transform foreign culture into China culture.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Why are you so concerned about Chang ‘an in Tang Dynasty?

　　Ma Boyong: I have been interested in the Tang Dynasty since I was a child. At that time, I listened to the ballad of The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and then I read some materials to learn more about the Tang Dynasty. In order to write The Longest Day In Chang’an, I read a lot of materials in depth.

　　In the history of China, Chang ‘an City is the closest to a modern city. People of different languages and races live here. Whether you are Korean, Persian, Southeast Asian, European or African, Chang ‘an can tolerate and everyone lives together. The Tang Dynasty was originally an open dynasty with cultural self-confidence, but later this self-confidence became less and less.

　　The opening up of the Tang Dynasty originated from its temperament when it was founded, and it adopted an inclusive attitude towards different ethnic groups and market economies, so it was rich in diversity and diversity, and later dynasties often adopted a restraining attitude towards these.

　　The Tang Dynasty did not shy away from foreign culture, but turned it into its own use. For example, wine, originally a specialty of the western regions, was introduced into the Central Plains from the Han Dynasty, and the Central Plains tried to brew wine, but its application scope was relatively narrow. On the whole, wine is an exotic product, which can appear in many Tang poems, and it has become an integral part of China culture, such as "the luminous glass of grape wine". Poets write about wine when they think of extravagance or exoticism.

　　For example, in Bai Juyi’s poems, there is "half the river is rustling and half the river is red", and "rustling" comes from Persian, which means "glass" or "glass". Poets in the Tang Dynasty often use "rustling" to express color, for example, Du Fu’s "it often rains". For today’s readers, no one thinks that "rustling" is a foreign culture.

　　In a word, the absorption ability and assimilation ability of the Tang Dynasty were particularly strong.

　　Zhang Xiaojing has only one advantage.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Zhang Xiaojing is a controversial figure with a strong sense of bandits. Why is he set as the protagonist of the story?

　　Ma Boyong: Zhang Xiaojing is not a hero in the traditional sense. He has many shortcomings, but he has a bottom line. It is this unique advantage that makes him a hero to save Chang ‘an, which is very interesting in itself. In traditional literature, there are few such figures. When it comes to heroes, they are called "Gao Daquan".

　　From "Gao Daquan" to "anti-hero", this is the product of modern aesthetic transformation. For example, the heroes in early animation, such as Superman and Batman, are all powerful, perfect in character and handsome in appearance, but the heroes developed in Marvel Comics, such as Iron Man, Hulk and Deadpool, can’t be said to be perfect figures. They have their own shortcomings in personality, but they make us feel more cordial.

　　Of course, there may not be such a person as Zhang Xiaojing in the Tang Dynasty, because the Tang Dynasty is a society that attaches great importance to identity, and it is unlikely that Zhang Xiaojing’s understanding that everyone is equal and attaches importance to the value of life belongs to the values of modern people. But only by showing modernity can readers understand that any historical novel is like this, and every historical novel writer will have feelings and put his own ideas into it.

　　Although Zhang Xiaojing’s ideal was shattered, his efforts were used by others, and he himself was betrayed, but the civilians in Chang ‘an were saved. In this sense, his task has been completed and he has succeeded.

　　Beiqing Art Review: In the novel, Cen Can feels a little funny, while He Zhizhang feels rigid and bureaucratic, which is different from the impression of ordinary readers. Why is this arrangement?

　　Ma Boyong: I don’t think Cen Can in the novel is funny. He has his own ideals and persistence, but today’s readers have a fixed impression of him, thinking that he is a frontier poet and has lived in a military camp for a long time. However, there are different stages in life. When he was young, Cen Can thought the same way as people at that time, and tried to take the road of imperial examination, but today readers don’t know much about it. I hope to capture the changes of different historical figures, so as to better understand him. A person’s thoughts and performances are different when he is young, mature and old, and so is Cen Can.

　　As for He Zhizhang, in The Longest Day In Chang’an, he has a rigid and bureaucratic side. In fact, we never said that he was not a rigid person in textbooks in the past, but we only overemphasized that he was a poet. But in fact, his main business is politics, and his sideline is writing poetry. We didn’t know him comprehensively enough.

　　It is impossible to write a novel in a rush to make a TV series.

　　Beiqing Art Review: On the Internet, readers have different opinions on The Longest Day In Chang’an. Some netizens think it is Ma Boyong’s masterpiece, while others say it is "American drama thinking+Tang Dynasty scenery". They think it is a mystery novel, and they say it is full of ambition. It was rushed to make a TV series from the beginning, so it is better to write a script. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: So far, The Longest Day In Chang’an is my most satisfactory novel, but it is normal that readers have the right to have different views on a work.

　　As for "American drama thinking", my writing is mixed with various factors, and American drama is one of them. Today, writers should learn different writing styles and absorb different nutrients.

　　As for The Longest Day In Chang’an, I think it is difficult to use a certain type. If it must be used, it can only be broadly regarded as a historical novel, because it contains a variety of elements, and it can also be called an action novel, a political novel, etc. It is hard to say that it is a mystery novel in a strict sense.

　　As for the rush to shoot TV series from the beginning, this is definitely a layman’s point of view. Tv drama is a completely different major, which requires a long process, and there are many links in it, so you don’t have to write according to its requirements. It is impossible for any novel to write in this direction, just as no novel is written to win the Nobel Prize, so the novel written in that way will certainly not win the prize.

　　The novel market is not depressed.

　　Beiqing Art Review: In the past two years, the novel market has been in a downturn. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: I didn’t notice this phenomenon. I think the novel market is still very hot, which is similar to the situation in the past. If it is well written, it will sell well. It is impossible to sell well today, but suddenly it will not sell well tomorrow. The key is whether there are works with excellent quality.

　　As for what kind of novels sell well, there is no certain rule. After all, every writer’s style is different, and there is no uniform standard, but there is something in common, that is, they are good enough to look good. The novel market is relatively direct. Only when it is good-looking, readers will continue to read it. If it is not good-looking, it will be impossible to read it.

　　The readership of novels will not change immediately, but the way of reading will change. Some people will buy electronic versions, while others will continue to read paper books.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The Longest Day In Chang’an has collected so many materials. Will you write other novels about the Tang Dynasty in the future?

　　Ma Boyong: I’m sure I’ll write novels again, but I haven’t decided which dynasty to write. After all, the characteristics of each dynasty are different, depending on the information collected. As for whether I will write about the Tang Dynasty again, I can only say that anything is possible.

　　I haven’t written a novel since The Longest Day In Chang’an. At the beginning of this year, I published Daming under the Microscope, which is non-fiction writing. I have been reading materials for at least one or two hours every day, reading both monographs and papers. Monographs are more general, while papers pay attention to in-depth excavation. No matter what I read, I will take reading notes. As for the total number of words left in my reading notes, I haven’t counted them, because many of them are stored in the computer.

　　In short, if you keep reading and accumulate to a certain extent, you will be inspired to write.

　　The secret of writing a novel is to keep writing.

　　Beiqing Art Review: The Longest Day In Chang’an TV series has also caused some controversy. Some netizens think it is different from the original. What do you think?

　　Ma Boyong: Fiction is a text expression, and television is a visual language. They have completely different expression systems, and they will definitely be different. From the first day I knew I was going to shoot a TV series, I let the screenwriter change it. I didn’t participate in the work, but left it to more professional people to play freely. My team and I have a common understanding on this.

　　Beiqing Art Review: Today, many young people are willing to write novels. What is your advice to them?

　　Ma Boyong: The premise of writing a novel is that you have to write persistently. I’m not a particularly talented person. It’s almost 20 years since I started writing. During this period, the college entrance examination, going to college, looking for a job, getting married and having children have never stopped writing. I have met many talented writers, and their initial writing felt very good, but for various reasons, they gave up halfway, and it would be too difficult to pick it up later, and their writing was crude.

　　Actually, when I was in college, I studied marketing, which had nothing to do with literature. When I was in middle school, my composition was only average, not particularly good. When I was in high school, I kept a diary for two years, all of which were running books. I didn’t start writing novels until I was in college, because life is so boring that writing can make me happier. I didn’t think about publishing it at that time. The ultimate goal of writing is to make yourself happy and others happy, which is the best. If you can’t do it, make yourself happy.

　　Looking back at the things of that year, it is really green, but there are also some enterprising spirits that I can’t find now. At that time, I dared to write without restrictions and was more free.

　　In short, I don’t have any clear goals when I write it down all the way. At first, I wrote it on the computer, then I wrote it online, and then I published it, so I have been going down. I think, as long as we persist long enough, some people will get more rewards and some people will get less rewards, but in any case, there will always be rewards.

　 　　On April 24th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the 4th United Nations World Data Forum, pointing out that China is a supporter and practitioner of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adhering to the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, constantly improving the digital infrastructure, establishing and perfecting the data infrastructure system, strengthening the capacity building of data and statistics, and actively sharing the practice and experience of monitoring sustainable development goals in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to "data governance" and made a series of important arrangements. today，Dangjian. comCombing some important related expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, I invite you to study and understand them together.

　　Let people run less errands and run more data.

　　Big data has a lot to do in safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. We should adhere to the people-centered development thought, promote "Internet+education", "Internet+medical care" and "internet plus culture", so that people can run less errands and more data, and constantly improve the level of equalization, generalization and convenience of public services. 　　— — On December 8, 2017, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the second collective study in the 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　Using cutting-edge technologies such as big data, cloud computing, blockchain and artificial intelligence to promote the innovation of urban management methods, management models and management concepts, from digitalization to intelligence to intelligence, making cities smarter and smarter is the only way to promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, with broad prospects.

　　— — On March 31, 2020, the Supreme Leader’s speech during his inspection tour in Zhejiang.

　　It is necessary to improve the national unified social insurance public service platform, make full use of innovative service modes of information technology such as the Internet, big data and cloud computing, and further promote the digital transformation of social security management. At the same time, we should adhere to the parallel innovation of traditional service methods and intelligent services, and provide more intimate and warm social security services according to the characteristics of the elderly, the disabled and other groups.

　　— — On February 26, 2021, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the 28th collective study in the 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.The construction of data infrastructure is related to the overall situation of national development and security.

　　Being good at obtaining data, analyzing data and using data is the basic skill for leading cadres to do a good job. Leading cadres at all levels should strengthen their study, understand big data, make good use of big data, enhance their ability to use data to promote various tasks, and constantly improve their ability to grasp the development law of big data, so that big data can play a greater role in all work.

　　— — On December 8, 2017, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the second collective study in the 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　It is necessary to seize the opportunity given by industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G networks and data centers, pay close attention to the layout of strategic emerging industries and future industries such as digital economy, life and health, and new materials, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation, and strive to expand new growth points and form new kinetic energy for development.

　　— — On April 1, 2020, the Supreme Leader’s speech during his inspection tour in Zhejiang.

　　The construction of data infrastructure system is related to the overall situation of national development and security. It is necessary to safeguard national data security, protect personal information and business secrets, promote efficient circulation and use of data, empower the real economy, make overall plans to promote data property rights, circulation transactions, income distribution and security governance, and accelerate the construction of data infrastructure system.

　　— — On June 22, 2022, the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the 26th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.Work together to build an open and win-win international cooperation pattern in the data field

　　It is necessary to strengthen the protection of technology patents, digital copyrights, digital content products and personal privacy, and safeguard the interests of the broad masses of the people, social stability and national security. It is necessary to strengthen the study of international data governance policy reserves and governance rules, and put forward China’s plan.

　　— — On December 8, 2017, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the second collective study in the 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　Expand new areas of innovative scientific and technological cooperation. China is willing to build a big data and cloud computing center with GCC countries, strengthen cooperation in 5G and 6G technologies, build a number of innovation and entrepreneurship incubators, and implement 10 digital economy projects around cross-border e-commerce cooperation and communication network construction.

　　— — On December 9, 2022, the Supreme Leader was in China — Keynote speech at the summit of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

　　China is willing to work with other countries in the world to deepen international data cooperation under the framework of global development initiatives, help implement the United Nations sustainable development agenda in 2030 with "data governance", work together to build an open and win-win international cooperation pattern in the data field, and promote common development and progress of all countries.

　　— — On April 24th, 2023, the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the 4th United Nations World Data Forum.

　　BEIJING, Dec. 15 (Zhang Aolin) On the 15th, Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism was exposed to erroneous statistics on the construction industry, which lasted for eight years. Because the relevant data will be used to calculate the gross domestic product (GDP), this may lead to the exaggeration of Japan’s GDP.

　　After the incident was exposed, Japanese Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Tetsuo Saito admitted the statistical error and apologized. Prime Minister kishida fumio also expressed "regret" and said that it would prevent "recurrence". However, many opposition parties and netizens in Japan did not buy it, and they demanded a thorough investigation of the incident and its impact on GDP.

　　On the 15th, Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism was exposed to erroneous statistics on the construction industry, which lasted for eight years. Because the relevant data will be used to calculate the gross domestic product (GDP), this may lead to the exaggeration of Japan’s GDP. Image source: Japan Broadcasting Association (NHK) report screenshot

　　Engineering order data is repeatedly counted.

　　Involved in the industry or more than a thousand

　　According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, what went wrong was a statistical data called "Construction Project Order Dynamics", which mainly recorded the relevant amount of construction workers in Japan after receiving public units and private projects.

　　According to reports, there are about 12,000 construction units surveyed, and they are required to fill in the relevant amount on a "survey ticket" every month and report it to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, which will then announce it.

　　However, it is puzzling that when the industry fails to submit the survey data as scheduled, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism will not record the order amount of the industry as "0", but will speculate on a data instead of the industry.

　　This is the problem. Although the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has "taken the initiative" to fill in the report, the industry will still submit the previous data after the deadline. At this time, the provincial capital of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism will count this data again in the second month, which will lead to repeated statistics of the data. Japan Broadcasting Association (NHK) reported that the number of enterprises involved accounted for about 10%.

　　Error statistics for 8 years.

　　Japan’s GDP may be exaggerated

　　NHK reported that this erroneous statistical method began at least eight years ago, and was not revised until it was discovered by accounting check Institute in April 2021.

　　At the same time, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism also revised the data after January 2020. Nevertheless, there were repeated statistics in the data of several years before that, and the actual figures were likely to be more than the real figures.

　　The report also pointed out that because this statistical data will be used for GDP calculation, Japanese Constitutional Democratic Party member Ji Meng said, "Because statistics ‘ Water injection ’ I think it will have an impact on the GDP figures at that time. "

　　Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport "Recognized Accounts"

　　Kishida fumio quickly put out the fire.

　　After the incident was exposed, Tetsuo Saito, Japanese Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, admitted the double counting at the Budget Committee of the House of Representatives on 15th, and said, "I’m very sorry, I’m sorry about this".

　　In this regard, the Japanese opposition party expressed its strong opposition. Ichiro Tamaki, a representative of the National Democratic Party, pointed out that "such an important statistic on GDP is wrong, which will lead to all the related policies derived from it being wrong, which should never happen" and called for this matter to be "seriously investigated".

　　In addition, a number of opposition parties also hope to conduct a centralized review of this matter before the start of the usual parliamentary budget review in 2022, and thoroughly understand the actual situation and the occurrence process.

　　Japanese Prime Minister kishida fumio also rushed out to put out the fire on the 15th. He first said that he was "very sorry and would try his best to prevent similar incidents from happening again". Later, he said, "This data has been revised since January of 2020, and I don’t think the GDP of 2020 and 2021 has been directly affected".

　　At the same time, Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroichi Matsuno also said, "The reliability of government statistics is very important, and I deeply regret such a problem."

　　Japanese netizen fryer

　　Call for a thorough investigation

　　In addition to the fact that the ruling and opposition parties came and went in Congress, the statistical error quickly occupied the headlines of many Japanese media on the 15th, and also caused a lot of discussion on social media.

　　Some netizens questioned: Is it really just a mistake? Or is it a premeditated operation? This is the key. If it is really just a mistake, the responsible person should be dealt with seriously. ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　Some netizens said in response to Kishida and others: It is not "trying to prevent it from happening again" and it is over. Let’s investigate the matter clearly! ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　It’s not enough to apologize ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　Some netizens also suspect that someone is manipulating behind the scenes: Who ordered it?

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　Some netizens even linked the time when the mistake occurred (starting 8 years ago) with Shinzo Abe, who served as Japanese Prime Minister from December 2012 to August 2020: he began to violate the statistics law eight years ago, even by accident, from the Abe regime, didn’t he? And GDP is also mixed with water, please investigate the previous (problems), correct (mistakes), and deal with the relevant responsible persons. ↓

　　Image source: Japanese social media screenshot

　　As for whether this mistake has affected Japan’s GDP and how big it is, Matsuno Boyi said, "The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications has taken the lead in conducting the investigation."

   (Video production: Xue Chen)

    Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, June 2 (Reporter Xue Chen) "Ah Habibi, I am your good brother Lao Wang!" Dressed in an exquisite suit, a black curls and a beard, and speaking Chinese with a foreign accent, the man who took a selfie with a camera is called Ahmed Jabbar (Chinese name: Wang Lixuan), who comes from far away Iraq. This is his tenth year in China.

    On the Chinese social media platform, Wang Lixuan runs a gourmet account "Lao Wang is in China" with more than 15 million fans. The profile of the account reads: "Having experienced the pain in where will you go, I know how to cherish the hard-won stability and life after coming to China. I love the food here and the scenery here."

    "At first, I thought it was fireworks, but later I realized that it was the whistling sound of the missile falling." Wang Lixuan recalled that he was born in Iraq in 1994, and his childhood memories were full of painful experiences of being displaced by war. From Iraq to Syria, Wang Lixuan and his family have been baptized by war. Finally, in 2014, the family came to China with the help of relatives.

   Wang Lixuan (first from right) and his family. Xinhua news agency

    When he first arrived in China, Wang Lixuan worked as an Arabic intern teacher in an international school in Yinchuan, Ningxia. In order to better integrate into and start a new life in a foreign country, he taught himself Chinese while teaching Arabic. "The people around me are very patient. Although they didn’t understand what they were saying at first, they could see from their eyes that they really wanted to help me." Everything comes to him who waits. Wang Lixuan seized every opportunity in his life to learn Chinese, and finally he could communicate without barriers in less than a year.

    In the days since then, Wang Lixuan’s identity has also changed many times, such as Arabic teacher, class teacher of foreign students, model, actor, anchor with goods … After many changes, Wang Lixuan gradually adapted to the life in China, and her long-lost "sense of security" was also recovered.

   On May 28th, Wang Lixuan walked and photographed with a camera in his hand on the streets of Chengdu. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Chen photo

    In 2018, Wang Lixuan signed up for an online short video training competition organized by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region government. Through the competition, he came into contact with the short video on the Internet and learned the basic editing operation and the operation skills of platforms such as bilibili and Tik Tok. On a trip, Wang Lixuan shared her feelings about food in front of the camera while eating it. After editing, this video was uploaded to the internet and got a high number of views. Later, Wang Lixuan took several short videos of food shops, all of which achieved good communication effects. This jealous, Chinese-speaking foreign blogger has gradually entered the field of vision of netizens.

    In less than half a year, the number of fans of Wang Lixuan has soared from tens of thousands to more than 15 million. Through his lens, netizens can enjoy the special food in China without leaving home, and they kindly gave him the homophonic name "To dazzle inside". The video of "Lao Wang in China" not only has unique comments from foreigners’ perspectives, but also has cordial interaction with restaurant owners and diners, which makes each video full of laughter and warmth.

    "Distressed" is a word that often appears in the video barrage of "Lao Wang in China". During the Spring Festival in 2024, when filming in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Wang Lixuan was sitting alone at a barbecue stall for dinner. A sudden burst of firecrackers startled him in front of the camera, and his eyes were full of fear for a few seconds. "I thought it was the sound of a bomb exploding." This scene was just recorded by the camera, which made countless netizens feel distressed. On the barrage, netizens left messages "Don’t be afraid, this is China", "Looking up in amazement is responsible for yourself, and smiling and lowering your head is a trust in China".

    In March of this year, Wang Lixuan returned to his motherland after nearly 20 years’ absence and met his parents who missed him so much. During his short six days in Iraq, Wang Lixuan also felt that his motherland was gradually recovering. To his surprise, there is a Chinese restaurant in Baghdad, and the construction of schools, hospitals, bridges and railways aided by China is also stepping up. "I deeply feel that China is pulling Iraq forward with warm hands." Wang Lixuan sighed.

   On May 28th, Wang Lixuan filmed in a small shop in Chengdu. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Chen photo

    Today, Wang Lixuan began to "carry" his works to overseas social media platforms, hoping to let netizens from more countries know about the development and changes of Chinese food culture and economy and society through short videos.

    "I am a foreigner, but I am not an outsider. I like a peaceful life and I like peaceful people. " In the future, he also wants to expand the video content to China’s tourism, tea culture, costumes, customs, ethnic minorities and other fields, showing colorful and pyrotechnic China. (Participating in writing: Wang Jiaxuan)

　　Beijing, July 10 (Reporter Jiang Yong) According to World Finance, the economic voice of the Central Radio and Television General Station, the central bank released the Financial Statistics Report for the First Half of 2021 on July 9. In June, the growth rate of broad money (M2), credit and social financing was strong, which was better than market expectations on the whole. The data shows that China’s economy continues to recover well.

　　In terms of money supply, at the end of June, the balance of broad money (M2) was 231.78 trillion yuan, up 8.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.3 percentage points higher than that at the end of May.

　　In terms of credit, RMB loans increased by 12.76 trillion yuan in the first half of the year, an increase of 667.7 billion yuan over the same period last year. At the end of June, the balance of RMB loans was 185.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.3%, and the growth rate was 0.1 percentage point higher than that at the end of May.

　　In terms of social financing scale, the stock of social financing scale at the end of June was 301.56 trillion yuan, up 11% year-on-year. In June, the scale of social financing increased by 3.67 trillion yuan, 200.8 billion yuan more than the same period of last year.

　　For the main financial data in the first half of the year, Wen Bin, chief researcher of Minsheng Bank, explained: "Overall, the growth of money, credit and social financing in June exceeded market expectations, reflecting the increased financial support for the real economy. In June, the growth rate of M2 rebounded by 0.3 percentage points to 8.6%, and the enhancement of credit derivative ability was the main reason for the rebound of M2. In June, RMB loans increased by 2.12 trillion yuan, which was not only higher than the new scale in May, but also higher than the same period of last year, which improved the currency’s derivative ability. "

　　People’s Bank of China (Source: CFP)

　　In terms of sectors, household loans increased by 4.58 trillion yuan, of which short-term loans increased by 1.15 trillion yuan and medium-and long-term loans increased by 3.43 trillion yuan; Loans from enterprises and institutions increased by 8.37 trillion yuan, of which short-term loans increased by 1.23 trillion yuan and medium-and long-term loans increased by 6.62 trillion yuan.

　　According to industry insiders, from the structural point of view, corporate loans have increased more, and both short-term and medium-and long-term credit of enterprises have improved. On the one hand, it shows that corporate credit demand is strong, on the other hand, it shows that banks have increased their support for the real economy.

　　Xia Dan, a senior researcher at the Financial Research Center of Bank of Communications, said: "In June, the tight credit situation generally eased, which was due to the fact that the transaction volume of the property market did not shrink significantly. We observed that the transaction volume of commercial housing in 30 large and medium-sized cities in June increased compared with that in May, and the demand for medium and long-term loans of enterprises was still not weak, which made the new medium and long-term loans of residents and enterprises both firm. "

　　On Friday, the central bank announced that it would cut the deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions by 0.5 percentage points on July 15th, releasing about 1 trillion yuan of long-term funds. This move will effectively increase the long-term stable sources of funds for financial institutions to support the real economy, and guide financial institutions to actively use the funds for RRR reduction to increase support for small and micro enterprises.

　　Wen Bin analyzed: "This RRR cut has provided banks with a long-term stable source of funds, which is conducive to the steady growth of the real economy and cost reduction. It is expected that in the second half of the year, finance will form greater support for the real economy, and the growth rate of M2 and social finance may improve, which basically matches the nominal economic growth level. "

　　Photo courtesy of vision china

　　Protecting intellectual property rights and prohibiting the abuse of intellectual property rights, just like two sides of the same coin, are both aimed at making the intellectual property system really promote social development. Only with the consciousness and concept of "strict protection" and "no abuse" can malicious cybersquatting be eradicated.

　　A few days ago, Zheng Yuanjie, the king of fairy tales, publicly announced that he would stop writing the monthly magazine "The King of Fairytales" and devote himself to the rights protection of the three trademarks "Pipiru", "Shunk" and "The King of Fairytales". Over the past 36 years, The King of Fairy Tales has published 495 issues, with a total print run of over 200 million copies, affecting millions of readers. But to Zheng Yuanjie’s annoyance, many characters in his works and the word "King of Fairy Tales" are frequently squatted. After years of efforts, there are still 672 infringing trademarks waiting for rights protection.

　　The tug-of-war of rights protection exposes imperfect trademark protection.

　　His academic performance is not good, and he is not the kind of good boy that school teachers like, but he is kind-hearted, just and brave, and has stories on him — — Zheng Yuanjie’s China boy is called Cpaing. In 1985, with the publication of The King of Fairy Tales, a large number of literary characters, such as Pipiru, Lu Xixi, Shunk and Beta, became famous with Zheng Yuanjie’s fairy tales, which influenced generations of children.

　　However, a few years later, who would have thought that all these characters were registered as trademarks: "Pipiru" became pork skin, "Shunk" became an underwear brand, and "Fairy Tale King" became the flagship store of children’s wear e-commerce. In these years, on the road of safeguarding rights, Zheng Yuanjie is almost alone in "fighting". He knew the Copyright Law and Trademark Law by heart, and even risked his life to obtain evidence to defend his rights, but his "record" was not brilliant: in 20 years, there were 672 trademarks, and only 16 successfully defended their rights. In an interview with the media, Zheng Yuanjie revealed that it would take him six years to "win" a controversial trademark on average, which cost about 90,000 yuan.

　　Among them, the "tug-of-war" for the rights protection of the three trademarks "Pipiru", "Shuk" and "Fairy Tale King" has been going on for several years. Take the protection of the trademark "Cpaing" as an example. After the lawsuit in Zheng Yuanjie, the trademark of the sued enterprise was initially ruled invalid. After that, the trademark registrant appealed to the Beijing Intellectual Property Court and sent it back for retrial. After the relevant review body ruled that the trademark could be used, Zheng Yuanjie continued to sue … … Because of the twists and turns in the process of defending rights, and without the final victory, Zheng Yuanjie was exhausted.

　　"This exposes the imperfection of trademark protection in China. Although the trademark law has provisions on the protection of prior rights, it is not perfect. " Pan Helin, executive director of the Digital Economy Research Institute of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said that most trademark ownership in China is still the only requirement for obtaining rights by registration, rather than "actual use" and "true intention". However, the protection of prior rights is the general trend in the world. In foreign countries, as long as the earliest user can prove his prior use, even if the trademark has been registered for many years, he can apply for cancellation.

　　Lawyer Yu Qingkai, director of the Intellectual Property Professional Committee of Guiyang Lawyers Association of Guizhou Province and senior partner of Beijing Yingke (Guiyang) Law Firm, believes that the purpose of preempting the names of people with certain influence into their own trademarks is to promote their own goods or services with the help of the influence of the names of people, which is subjectively malicious and has no legitimacy. Judging from the judicial practice, the characters with such special phrases as "Cpaing" and "Shunk" were originally created by the obligee, who should have copyright, but there is no corresponding basis for the ownership and protection of rights in the current legal system.

　　"Blacklist" may not be able to stop the malicious cybersquatting of trademarks.

　　In 2020, there are about 13.4 million trademark applications in the world, and China ranks first in the world with about 9.3 million trademark applications by category. According to preliminary statistics, by the end of the third quarter of 2021, there were 34,300,631 valid registered trademarks nationwide, an increase of 6,920,766 over the same period of the previous year, with a year-on-year increase of 25.27%.

　　But in sharp contrast, the rush to register is rampant.

　　Ding Zhen, a teenager who suddenly became popular, was robbed, and Eye of the Great Power turned into a pack of cigarettes. Even Zhong Nanshan and Olympic athletes were hot spots. In recent years, wave after wave of "hot spots" trademark news has been searched frequently.

　　This phenomenon of cybersquatting has actually been related to the trademark.

　　To run counter to the meaning. With the increasing number of trademark registration behaviors of "rubbing hot spots", one registered trademark after another is ridiculous.

　　Those registered trademarks, whether hoarded or sold, are often behind unimaginable high transfer fees and usage fees, which may even promote malicious registered trademarks to become a gray industrial chain — — The registration fee is only a few hundred yuan, but if the registered trademark is a famous person, it may involve subsequent transfer, and you can get hundreds or even tens of thousands of times of income.

　　Fortunately, China National Intellectual Property Administration and the relevant administrative law enforcement agencies usually use batch rejection to solve the hot events and malicious cybersquatting of characters. For example, after the Chinese Olympic Committee shouted to stop "malicious cybersquatting", China National Intellectual Property Administration official website issued a notice rejecting 109 trademark registration applications such as Yang Qian, Chen Meng and Quanhongchan.

　　The Measures for the Administration of the List of Serious Violations of Law and Trust in Market Supervision and Management, which was officially implemented on September 1 last year, clearly stipulates that those who submit malicious trademark registration applications that harm the public interests will be included in the list of serious violations of law and trust.

　　Can this move stop this vicious rush to register trademarks? In this regard, Pan Helin said that according to the trademark law, malicious cybersquatting belongs to the category of infringement, not administrative punishment.

　　The list of serious dishonesty has a certain deterrent effect on trademark cybersquatting, but there is still a problem of malicious cybersquatting. In judicial practice, there are no clear provisions on the elements of the determination of preemptive registration, such as prior rights and improper means, and the determination of subjective malice is also controversial. Therefore, it is only a reference model to be included in the list of dishonesty. The key is to clarify the legal boundary of malicious trademark squatting and increase the punishment for malicious trademark squatting.

　　Let the rule of law become the "fence" of trademark protection

　　Last year, China National Intellectual Property Administration issued a special notice, announcing that it would take special actions to crack down on malicious cybersquatting. Among them, malicious squatting on the names of major scientific and technological projects has caused great adverse social impact, and malicious squatting on well-known works or role names has all been included in the crackdown targets.

　　China National Intellectual Property Administration stated that it will strengthen overall coordination, expose typical cases, illegal individuals, enterprises and agencies in a timely manner, and hand over those in bad conditions to local law enforcement departments for punishment in time, so as to create a good legal environment, market environment and social environment for all kinds of market players to compete fairly, innovate and consciously resist malicious cybersquatting.

　　Outline of Building a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021— In 2035), it is proposed that by 2035, China’s comprehensive intellectual property competitiveness will rank among the top in the world, and it will basically become a world-class intellectual property power with China characteristics. In the future, with the increasing protection of intellectual property rights in China, the high-pressure situation against malicious cybersquatting will become a new normal.

　　However, in recent years, an act under the banner of intellectual property protection is worthy of vigilance. From the recent Sichuan restaurant being sued for infringement for using the word "green pepper" in its dish name to the previous rights protection incident of "Tongguan Chinese hamburger" and "Xiaoyao Town Hulatang", the limits and protection scope of trademark rights protection have aroused heated public discussion. In the eyes of some people in the industry, protecting intellectual property rights and prohibiting the abuse of intellectual property rights are like two sides of the same coin, both of which are aimed at making the intellectual property system really promote social development. Only with the consciousness and concept of "strict protection" and "prohibition of abuse" can malicious cybersquatting be eradicated.

　　It is imperative to protect "plugging" with the rule of law as a trademark. Zheng Yuanjie suggested at the Weibo that a new clause should be added to the Trademark Law: to register the names and titles of well-known literary characters created by others within the copyright protection period, the authorization of the original author is required, and the registered trademark shall not infringe the copyright of others.

　　Lawyer Yu Qingkai also suggested perfecting legislation to protect the fair use of trademarks. He said that from the perspective of trademark registration, the author did not apply for trademark registration for the role names and titles of his works in time, which would bring difficulties to the follow-up rights protection. But on the one hand, it takes time and cost to register a trademark. On the other hand, if the current trademark law is not a registration act for the purpose of use, it will be recognized by the intellectual property department as malicious hoarding of trademarks and may be subject to administrative punishment. From this perspective, the author’s application for trademark registration for the role of his work has certain legal risks. Therefore, such role names and article titles should be defined as a new type of intellectual property, or the scope of copyright protection should be expanded to include the previously used influential role names and article titles.

　　The industry believes that the "fence" of intellectual property protection can be further built. It is expected that the "plugging" of the rule of law will leave some speculators with no loopholes to drill.

Editor’s note: In life, we will inevitably encounter all kinds of trivial problems. If you master some tricks, trick or two, you may be able to solve life’s problems. Let’s take a look at the healthy living tips compiled by Xiaobian!

Housework can never be finished? Send you a set of "guide to the rules of housework"

Housework is tedious, but not everything needs to be cleaned every day. Recently, based on decades of domestic experience, the British Institute of Good Housekeeping summarized a set of "guide to household chores" that can easily clean the home. Life Times invited domestic experts to interpret this.　

The "Guide" divides the frequency of doing different housework into daily, weekly, monthly, every 3-6 months and every year.　

Household chores once a day: making beds, sweeping the floor, washing the toilet, wiping the kitchen console, washing dishes and washing underwear.　

Weekly housework: vacuuming, cleaning bathroom, brushing tooth cups, cleaning sheets, quilts and towels.　

Monthly housework: cleaning windows and shutters, vacuuming furniture and cleaning doormats.[Full text]

Tips for fastening sucker hooks

1. Put some water in the sucker, and then quickly stick the sucker to a flat surface (this seems to be known to everyone).

2. Apply some soapy water to the suction cup, and then stick it on a flat surface, and the effect is also good.

3. Evenly smear some egg white liquid in the sucker, then stick it on a flat surface, and hang heavy objects after it is completely dry, which is very firm..[Full text]

The car is too messy and dangerous.

"It’s not a big problem to put some commonly used items in the car, but if there are too many things, too complicated or misplaced, it will become a potential risk factor in driving." Liu Xin, a researcher at the Traffic Law Research Center of Shandong Jiaotong University, said that open sight and spacious interior space are the prerequisites for ensuring driving safety and winning survival to the greatest extent after an accident. But many car owners don’t realize this.[Full text]

Brilliant trick to polish the tap

Water stains are easy to remain on faucets. After a long time, ugly spots will be formed on the surface, and the water outlet is also easy to generate scale, which is not good for health. It is necessary to clean and maintain the faucet frequently.

At present, the faucets on the market are mostly made of copper and stainless steel, with different materials and different cleaning methods. Most of the copper taps are traditional screw taps, which are easy to rust and difficult to clean. They can be cleaned with scale remover and can be bought in supermarkets. The specific method is: dip a soft-bristled toothbrush in the detergent and gently wipe it. Some alloy faucets are also suitable for this method..[Full text]

Mattress health has to go through four levels

When choosing a mattress, you should have four passes:

Smell off. Before buying, it is best to open the plastic packaging or side inspection port of the mattress and smell if there is any odor. In addition, try to buy a big brand mattress, not less than 1,000 yuan, which is more likely to use inferior adhesives and fillers.

Exposure to the sun. After the mattress is bought, it should be ventilated and exposed for at least 2 weeks, and it is best to expose it once every 1~2 months.

Soft and hard. The mattress should be moderately soft and hard, too soft will make the body too invaginate, increase the load of ligaments and joints around the spine, and it will be easy to backache after a long time; Too hard will make people hang up, increase muscle pressure and affect deep sleep. When picking a mattress, you can press the mattress with your palm, and the depression range is 2~3 cm. In addition, some people like to sleep on hard beds, and it is best to add one or two layers of mattresses.

Force off. Every 2~3 months, the head and feet should be turned upside down or upside down to avoid the collapse of the mattress spring due to uneven stress; When the mattress is partially sunken or feels uneven when lying down, it should be replaced in time.[Full text]

Soap and washing powder can be mixed.

Chemically speaking, soap and washing powder belong to alkaline chemical products, and their pH values are between 8 and 11. Therefore, there is no such thing as "acid-base neutralization" when washing powder and soap are mixed. Another study shows that the decontamination effect will be better if a proper proportion of washing powder and soap are mixed. This is because sodium fatty acid, the main component of soap, will combine with calcium and magnesium ions in water to form a precipitate, which affects the detergency of soap..[Full text]

Mothballs are natural.

Whenever the season changes, people usually put some mothballs in the wardrobe or storage box in order to keep clothes from getting wet and being eaten by insects. However, if mothballs are used improperly, it may bring big trouble.

At present, there are two kinds of mothballs on the market: natural and synthetic. Natural mothballs are mainly extracted from the branches and leaves of camphor trees, which are colorless or white crystals, non-toxic and fragrant. However, synthetic mothballs are mostly made of dichlorobenzene, which has a pungent smell and certain toxicity. Improper placement or excessive placement will cause dizziness, sneezing, skin allergies and other symptoms..[Full text]

Related reading:

Experts teach you how to choose toothbrushes and throw kitchen waste the same day.

Combs are changed every four years, and pots and pans are placed vertically.

Don’t dip the detergent in water before squeezing toothpaste. Don’t use it if you can.

243 projects in Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone have been signed, settled and started, with a total investment of over 580 billion yuan to boost the "hot start" of the experimental zone, and Guangzhou Hengxin. Guangzhou, an old city with a history of more than 2,230 years, is always refreshing. On the "new track" of digital economy, Guangzhou has once again accelerated. On March 30th, Guangzhou issued "22 Articles" on the innovation and development of digital economy, taking Guangzhou’s first programmatic policy document on the innovation and development of digital economy as Guangzhou’s first declaration on attracting investment and talents in the field of digital economy. On March 31, the main venue of the mobilization activities for comprehensively accelerating the construction of the Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy was held in the Broadcasting Center in the core area of Pazhou. At the same time, Tianhe Guangzhou International Financial City Area, Huangpu Yuzhu Area and Panyu Guangzhou University City Branch will realize real-time "cloud interaction" with the main venue. Li Yanhong, Ding Lei, Wang Chuanfu, Liang Jinsong, Guo Guangchang, He Xiaopeng … entrepreneurs with their own traffic; Ali, Tencent, Baidu, Netease, JD.COM, Xiaomi, BYD … are well-known leading enterprises, and all the stars are gathered for a common name-Guangzhou Experimental Zone for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy. This activity also bid farewell to the past "face-to-face" and "hand in hand" signing methods, and upgraded to "screen-to-screen" and "line-to-line" cloud signing. According to statistics, there are 243 projects participating in the activities, with a total investment of 583.59 billion yuan. Among them, there are 2 electronic unveiling projects with a total investment of 2 billion yuan;Collectively signed 98 settlement agreements, with a total investment of 293.16 billion yuan; 99 collectively started projects with a total investment of 216.49 billion yuan; There are 44 collective opening projects with a total investment of 71.94 billion yuan. Super positioning brings huge imagination. At the beginning of this year, the work report of the Guangdong provincial government clearly stated for the first time that it supported Guangzhou to build a national artificial intelligence and digital economy experimental zone. This means that the Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy will be built into a national platform. In February, the Overall Plan for the Construction of Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy was published in the No.1 Document of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2020, proposing to build Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy with Pazhou as the core and Pearl River as the link, which marked the full launch of Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy with a total area of about 81 square kilometers. Super positioning brings huge imagination space. Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy has built a spatial pattern of "one river, two banks and three districts", with a total area of about 81 square kilometers and the volume equivalent to 13 Pearl River New Cities. Pazhou core area (including Guangzhou University Town), with a total area of about 48 square kilometers. Tencent, Alibaba, Gome, Vipshop, Xiaomi, Fosun and other artificial intelligence and digital economy giants have gathered together, and headquarters buildings have sprung up. High-end scientific research platforms such as Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou) and Tianhe No.2, and Guangzhou Internet Court, one of the three largest Internet courts in China, have successively settled down to jointly create "Digital+Exhibition+Headquarters+Scientific Research".A new highland of industrial integration and innovation. Guangzhou International Financial City, with a total area of about 8 square kilometers, is rich in modern service industry resources such as finance and trade, and there are many leading enterprises in science and technology. In the future, the innovative industry of "finance+technology" will be taken as a breakthrough to create an industrial integration development zone of artificial intelligence and digital economy, and an important gathering place for the layout of financial technology and intelligent industries in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Yuzhu area, with a total area of about 25 square kilometers, is built with national innovation platforms such as Terahertz National Science Center and Nano National Science Center, and seven powerful institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences are introduced to build a demonstration zone of China’s famous software city featuring blockchain, which will continue to accumulate strength. Give full play to Huangpu Port’s advantages as a Millennium-old port and a good port, promote the deep integration of modern shipping, trade and digital economy, and build a new trade innovation center in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The three major areas, facing each other across the river, are connected into pieces, which provide a good condition and solid foundation for the construction of Guangzhou artificial intelligence and digital economy experimental zone. There are a large number of high-quality projects, and the blueprint is drawn and the horn is sounded. Guangzhou shoulders an important mission and is expected to be higher. At the event, China Academy of Sciences, Gao Song, President of South China University of Technology, Ni Guangnan, Academician of China Academy of Engineering, Xu Zongben, Academician of China Academy of Sciences, Li Yanhong, Founder of Baidu, Ding Lei, Chairman of Vipshop Group, Li Dongsheng, Chairman of TCL Technology Group and other scholars and entrepreneurs all expressed their appreciation for Guangzhou’s forward-looking industrial layout and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence and digital economy industries through video or on-site support.Among them, many big coffees came with projects, hoping to join hands with Guangzhou to open up a new track for artificial intelligence and digital economy. The well-known projects have witnessed the "high quality" of Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone at full speed, with many projects and full weight. First, the scale is large, with 243 projects with a total investment of 583.59 billion yuan. Signed 98 settlement agreements with a total investment of nearly 300 billion yuan; 44 opening projects with a total investment of over 70 billion yuan; 99 projects were started with a total investment of over 200 billion yuan. Second, the structure is excellent, and the projects of leading enterprises in artificial intelligence and digital economy such as JD.COM Group and Tieta Zhilian, financial headquarters projects such as Guangfa Bank, China Life Insurance and Nanyue Bank, and emerging industrial park projects such as China Software CBD Headquarters, China Artificial Intelligence (Guangzhou) Industrial Park and Computer Big Data Industrial Park are introduced. Third, the technology content is high, including major technology platforms such as Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (Guangzhou), Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain, and Greater Bay Area Research Institute of Integrated Circuit and System Application in Guangdong Province, as well as a number of high-tech projects such as 5G devices, 3D printing, face recognition, smart travel, smart home, robots and integrated circuits. The overall acceleration of the construction of these projects will surely press the "acceleration button" for the development of Guangzhou’s digital economy, and provide a strong impetus for Guangzhou to ensure the completion of the annual economic and social development goals and realize the new vitality of the old city and "four new talents".The total investment of the projects in the four districts has exceeded 100 billion yuan. From the investment scale of the districts involved in the Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone, the total investment of the projects in Haizhu, Tianhe, Panyu and Huangpu has exceeded 100 billion yuan. In the core area of Pazhou in Haizhu, the radiation-driven effect caused by the agglomeration of leading enterprises is accelerating, and innovative industrial clusters such as new generation information technology, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet are accelerating. The launching ceremony also confirmed this point. 66 projects participated in the activities with a total investment of 144.6 billion yuan, and all of them are expected to have an operating income of 300 billion yuan after production. Among them, there are 2 electronic listing projects with a total investment of 2 billion yuan; Signed 34 settlement agreements with a total investment of 50.6 billion yuan; 15 opening projects with a total investment of 31.8 billion yuan; 15 new projects were started with a total investment of 60.2 billion yuan. In the Yuzhu area of Huangpu, 33 new infrastructure and advanced manufacturing projects, such as 5G, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, started construction, and 24 major projects of artificial intelligence and digital economy, such as Guangzhou Blockchain Research Institute, signed in through the 5G cloud. At the same time, six projects, including China Software CBD, were opened for operation, with a total investment of 183 billion yuan and an estimated output value and revenue of 300 billion yuan, which will boost the high-quality development of Yuzhu area. In the Guangzhou International Financial City area of Tianhe, 26 projects were signed with a total investment of 68 billion yuan. 18 opening projects with a total investment of 11.2 billion yuan; 21 newly started projects with a total investment of 43.1 billion yuan;The total investment of all the projects is 122.3 billion yuan, and the estimated total operating income is about 320 billion yuan after production. In Panyu University Town, there are 49 projects that have been settled, opened and started, with a total investment of about 140 billion yuan. After all the projects are put into production, the total operating income is expected to be about 160 billion yuan. Among them, the total investment of 14 contracted projects reached 74.1 billion yuan, and the output value of 30 newly started projects exceeded 60 billion yuan. Twenty-two Measures for the Pilot Area "Escort" While promoting the construction of key projects in the field of digital economy, Guangzhou’s policy support continued to exert its strength. The day before the event, Guangzhou simultaneously issued "Several Measures to Accelerate the Creation of a Digital Economy Innovation-oriented City", proposing seven major measures and 22 measures to provide a good policy environment for the development of Guangzhou’s digital economy. The "Several Measures" clearly takes Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone as the core space carrier and innovation source, and puts forward the coordinated development layout of "one core and many points" in the city’s digital industry agglomeration development. It is the first programmatic policy document for the innovative development of Guangzhou’s digital economy and the first declaration for Guangzhou to attract investment and talents in the digital economy field. In the policy, it is pointed out that Guangzhou will give full play to the platform role of Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone, increase land reserve and transfer, focus on solving land use problems in major projects, corporate headquarters, technology research and development, and application of results, and form industrial agglomeration development by strengthening land spatial allocation support.Give priority to ensuring the development of digital economy enterprises and the space demand for innovative talents. We will increase the implementation of project approval, acceptance of vacancies, notification of commitments, and trust approval, and open a green channel for approval of major projects. The newly introduced digital economy headquarters enterprises can be awarded a maximum of 50 million yuan. For particularly important projects in the field of biomedical digitalization, based on the market evaluation land price, the starting price of transfer is comprehensively drawn up with full consideration of the project characteristics. Some key projects in the three major areas are counted one by one in Pazhou core area (including Guangzhou University Town) Keywords: Digital Industry The "Overall Plan for the Construction of Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone" issued by Guangdong Province has clearly defined Pazhou as the core. According to Guangzhou’s first programmatic document on innovation and development of digital economy, "Several Measures for Accelerating the Construction of a Digital Economy Innovation-oriented City", Pazhou core area will rely on major innovation platforms such as artificial intelligence and digital economy Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) to form a number of original technological achievements and application innovation demonstrations in the new generation of information technology, and also vigorously promote the headquarters construction of leading enterprises in the digital industry and continuously introduce global leading enterprises. The projects in the core area of Pazhou have the characteristics of "close integration of production and research", with top scientific research institutions and leading enterprises simultaneously. National New Industrialization Demonstration Base (Big Data): In March 2020, Pazhou was recognized as the National New Industrialization Demonstration Base (Big Data) by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and it was the first national new industrialization demonstration base (Big Data) focusing on artificial intelligence and digital economy in Guangdong Province.Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (Guangzhou): With South China University of Technology as the lead unit, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy was established in collaboration with well-known universities, research institutes and leading enterprises at home and abroad, focusing on the layout of basic theories and core algorithms of artificial intelligence, key technologies of intelligent interconnection and big data, special chips and computing of artificial intelligence, key technologies of brain-like intelligence, etc., so as to enhance the original ability of artificial intelligence theories and key technologies and partially or substantially alleviate the technical problems of sticking. South Headquarters of JD.COM Group: South Headquarters of JD.COM Group will integrate Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s e-commerce and supply chain finance. China Tower is a large-scale state-owned communication tower infrastructure service enterprise jointly funded by China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom. Tieta Zhilian is a professional company under the China Tower, which applies the Internet of Things, focusing on the fields of eco-environment, land and water conservancy, security, emergency, transportation, satellite positioning and so on, and developing cross-industry site application and information services. Hesheng ·TIT Digital Life Demonstration Zone: In the future, by introducing advanced scientific and technological resources such as science and technology, intelligence and innovation at home and abroad, a modern digital intelligent economic business circle and living community integrating innovative scientific research, exhibitions, Internet, information exchange and technological entrepreneurship will be built in Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone. Information Industry Center of Panyu Industrial Economic Headquarters Park: The plot is located in Zhangbian Village, Nancun Town, which is an information industry center built in the park.It will take the development of information technology as the leading industry, take R&D, exhibition, transaction and service as the chain, and integrate industrial capital, commercial capital and financial capital, and will introduce high-tech enterprises and scientific research institutions with the first generation of information technology such as cloud computing, Internet of Things and blockchain. Yuzhu District Keywords: AI, 5G, Blockchain Guangzhou Development Zone is the only "China Software Famous Zone" featuring blockchain in China. Under the existing advantages, Yuzhu District in Huangpu District will strengthen the deep integration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G and blockchain with the real economy, speed up the construction of a demonstration zone of China’s famous software city featuring blockchain, speed up the layout of new international information infrastructure such as industrial Internet logo analysis top nodes, and actively introduce scientific research institutes in the digital economy field such as artificial intelligence. The projects in this area focus on improving the innovation strategy and innovation ecology in AI, 5G and blockchain. Both scientific research institutions and enterprises have the characteristics of specialization and precision. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area National Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation Headquarters Park: The total investment of the project is 4 billion yuan, and the overall construction area is 600,000 square meters, including the core research and development area of nanotechnology, the pilot incubation area and the living supporting area, so as to build a first-class highland of core research and development of nanotechnology in China and even in the world. Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Greater Bay Area Research Institute, Institute of Aerospace Information, China Academy of Sciences: The total investment of the project is 400 million yuan, which will be jointly built with the Institute of Aerospace Information, China Academy of Sciences to build the Terahertz National Science Center and build a 210,000-square-meter dedicated research building and supporting workshops.Focus on building a cutting-edge scientific platform for terahertz innovation. Phase I of SINOMACH Intelligent Park: The total investment of the project is 1.5 billion yuan, and the construction area is 120,000 square meters. It mainly develops and builds the existing land of Guangzhou Institute of Mechanical Science, and relies on the technical advantages and industry leading position of SINOMACH to build an industrial park, incubate and cultivate intelligent industrial projects, and build an important carrier platform for intelligent industries. China Software CBD: With a total investment of 5 billion yuan and a total construction area of 400,000 square meters, the project is planned to become a gathering area of information technology in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, connecting domestic and foreign key software enterprises, universities, research institutes and entrepreneurial innovation platforms, and promoting the research and development of the underlying technology of blockchain and the development of multi-scenario applications such as finance, supply chain, industrial Internet and digital asset trading. Xinsong International Robot Industrial Park: The project plans to invest 800 million yuan with a construction area of about 170,000 square meters, build Xinsong Asia-Pacific headquarters, connect and introduce advanced technologies and high-end talents from Israel and other countries and regions, build an international high-end innovation platform, and cooperate in innovative research and development, manufacturing, application promotion, investment attraction and financial services in the field of robots and intelligent equipment to build a complete ecological chain of robots and intelligent equipment industry. Guangzhou International Financial City Area Keywords: Finance+Technology Guangzhou International Financial City Area in Tianhe District on the north bank of the Pearl River already has the advantages of modern service industry resources such as finance and trade. In the future, it will vigorously develop digital finance, digital creativity and various new consumption formats and modes in combination with the digital industry.The characteristic of the landing project in this area is "finance+technology", which includes both financial enterprise headquarters and leading enterprises in digital technology industry. CGB Headquarters Building Project: Upon completion, under the guidance of strategies and objectives such as "digital CGB" and "wisdom CGB", financial products and services will be innovated in all directions, and the annual operating income will exceed 100 billion yuan. China Life Building Project: it will become a comprehensive building integrating the administrative offices and counter flagship stores of companies in China’s life provinces and municipalities, and together with CGB Headquarters Building, it will build China Life Southern Financial Center, which will become the gateway of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s foreign economy and another benchmark of Guangzhou’s financial headquarters building. MCC Financial Building: After completion, it will actively carry out digital financial R&D investment and digital financial business, and carry the business functions of MCC South Headquarters, financial business center, investment and financing center and financial sharing center. After completion, it will realize the overall annual operating income of 50 billion yuan. Cool Dog Music National Headquarters Project: Cool Dog Music will further expand digital music business, carry out digital trading and digital export, and help users to obtain high-quality music content and music derivatives in different scenarios more intelligently and efficiently through artificial intelligence and other technologies. At the same time that a number of projects have signed up and started construction, there are also 44 collective opening projects in Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy: Fosun South Headquarters (Health+Digital Finance Honeycomb Project), which will gradually introduce high-quality multi-industry enterprises under Fosun Group, and introduce high-quality industrial resources from many sectors such as finance, health and cultural tourism.Vipshop headquarters building project: it will carry the office of Vipshop headquarters and the e-commerce business section of the Group. Alibaba South China Operation Center Project: It mainly undertakes Alibaba’s innovative business groups, Internet technology services and new businesses such as Internet, cloud computing and big data that will be introduced into Guangzhou in the future, and is responsible for operating other businesses of Alibaba Group in South China. Winbond International Center Project: It will carry the related management business functions of Winbond Holding Group’s operation management headquarters and its affiliated insurance finance, health care for the aged, engineering design and other fields. The artificial intelligence black technology appeared in the Broadcasting Center, the first in the world to realize L3 automatic driving. At the Broadcasting Center, the main venue of the event, Guangzhou Automobile Group exhibited two cars, AION S and AION LX. AION S is the first pure electric vehicle in China to deliver L2 automatic driver assistance system in mass production. It integrates 20 intelligent driving assistance functions such as high-speed automatic driving assistance, congestion automatic driving assistance and automatic parking. In March 2020, GAC New Energy took the lead in carrying the world’s first high-precision map of China, and AION LX will realize the world’s first L3 autopilot. It is understood that AION LX equipped with L2.5 autopilot technology will be launched in April, and AION LX equipped with L3 autopilot technology with high-precision maps will be mass-produced in July. Guangzhou cnc Equipment Co., Ltd., a gobang robot with fierce moves, exhibited a gobang robot.The main structure of this robot is a mechanical arm. A high-precision camera is installed above the box of the robot arm, which enables the robot arm to accurately identify the black and white dice and the grid on the chessboard, and can accurately place the chess pieces on the chessboard. As a gobang robot, there is a set of algorithms supporting "playing chess" behind it. Guangzhou Daily’s all-media reporter played a game with the robot at the scene. Robots have their own ideas about chess, and chess moves are fierce. Five minutes later, the reporter lost. Then the robot also put the black and white pieces into different chess boxes. The multi-functional agricultural drone Yihang Tianying Logistics UAV is an intelligent networked logistics UAV independently designed and developed by Yihang Intelligent. The UAV adopts 4-axis and 8-paddle multi-rotor structure and intelligent safety algorithm, which can take off and land vertically, accurately position by GPS and vision, plan routes independently, and dispatch in real time. It can transport 5kg small cargo in one way to complete the automatic flight route task. Guangzhou Feifei Technology Co., Ltd. launched Feifei XP2020 agricultural drone, which integrates intelligent sowing and precise spraying. It can be flexibly equipped with operation boxes with different capacities, and it can easily and efficiently carry out sowing, fertilizing, pesticide application and feeding in all terrain conditions through mobile phones or intelligent remote controllers.

On the 19th, under the influence of the vortex and the southwest jet, heavy rain occurred in Guangxi (Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Nanning), with strong short-term rainfall. The maximum hourly rainfall in Qinzhou was 189.6 mm (02: 00 to 03: 00 on the 19th).

At present, the heavy precipitation clouds in central and southern Guangxi are moving eastward, affecting cities and counties in western Guangdong. It is estimated that from 19th to 21st, there will be a local torrential rain and precipitation process from heavy rain to heavy rain in western Guangdong, southern Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong, and there will be heavy rain and heavy rain in other cities and counties. The local area is accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation and strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds of magnitude 8 or so. Guangdong has entered the "Dragon Boat Water" season, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters such as flash floods and mudslides, landslides, collapses and waterlogging in urban and rural areas, and pay attention to the prevention of disasters caused by strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

Weather Reality: On the morning of May 18th to 19th, there were moderate to heavy rains in Zhaoqing and Qingyuan, and showers and heavy rains in other cities and counties. According to the monitoring, from 08: 00 on the 18th to 08: 00 on the 19th, 11 towns and streets in the province recorded heavy rain exceeding 50 mm, and 100 towns and streets recorded heavy rain ranging from 25 mm to 50 mm. The towns and streets with the largest rainfall in each city were: Damaishan Town, Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan, 69.4 mm, and Beishi Town, Guang Ningxian, Zhaoqing, 64 mm.

Specific forecast: On the 19th, there will be heavy rain to heavy rain in western Guangdong and southern Pearl River Delta, heavy rain and heavy rain in cities and counties in northwest Guangdong and central and northern Pearl River Delta, and moderate to heavy rain in other cities and counties.

On the 20th, there were heavy rains in southern Pearl River Delta and cities and counties in eastern Guangdong, heavy rains in Heyuan and Meizhou, and showers and heavy rains in other cities and counties.

On the 21st, there were heavy rains and rainstorms in the cities and counties in eastern Guangdong and Meizhou, while the rest of the cities and counties were cloudy with showers.

On the 22nd, heavy rain turned to showers in the cities and counties in eastern Guangdong, and the rest of the cities and counties were cloudy with showers and partial heavy rain.

Warm reminder: Guangdong has entered the "Dragon Boat Water" season, and it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters. 1. Pay attention to the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters such as flash floods, mudslides, landslides, collapses, urban and rural waterlogging and floods in small and medium rivers. 2. It is necessary to pay attention to prevent risks such as aerial work facilities, factory sheds, temporary structures, outdoor billboards, tree collapse and agricultural production activities caused by strong convective weather such as lightning strikes and short-term strong winds. 3. When it rains, it is easy to cause visual range obstacles and road water accumulation, and the risk of land and water traffic accidents increases, so attention should be paid to safety.

Smoke billowed from the chimney. Zhang Xinyan’s information

　　　　　　　　On June 1st, the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Tort Liability Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation) was issued. There are 19 articles in the Interpretation, which mainly include: the principle of imputation and the reasons for exemption; The responsibility of several people to discharge pollutants; Liability for environmental pollution caused by the fault of the third party; Distribution of burden of proof; Provisions on evidence; Evidence preservation; The responsibility of the polluter; Responsibilities of relevant environmental service agencies; Scope of application and limitation of action.

　　　　　　　　What are the highlights of the Interpretation and what impact will it bring? The reporter interviewed Sun Youhai, former deputy director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office, now professor of Tianjin University and dean of law school on these issues.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsWhat is the imputation principle of environmental pollution tort liability in the Interpretation?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe essence of Article 1 of the Interpretation is whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution. In practice, there are two opinions on whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution.

　　　　　　　　One view is that in the past, some laws regarded "illegality" as one of the constitutive requirements of environmental pollution responsibility, so it should be adhered to. Another view is that Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law does not distinguish whether pollutants are discharged legally, but whether the polluter is at fault or not, and the polluter shall bear tort liability. In other words, even if the pollutant discharge behavior of the polluter meets the requirements of national or local pollutant discharge standards, it shall bear tort liability as long as it causes damage.

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation adheres to the "no-fault principle", that is, no matter whether the polluter is subjectively "intentional" about the pollutants discharged, as long as it discharges pollutants and causes damage, it should bear civil liability. This is the inevitable result of the development of international environmental law and the concrete embodiment of the development of China’s environmental law. According to this provision, the people’s court will not support the claim that the polluter does not assume responsibility on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards.

　　　　　　　　There are also many cases for reference in trial practice. For example, the People’s Court of Longtan District, Jilin City (2004) Long Min Yi Chu Zi No.1377 case.

　　　　　　　　The defendant is a chemical enterprise that produces sulfuric acid, and the vineyard planted by Wang is nearby. Wang sued the court for the defendant’s discharge of sulfur dioxide, which caused his grapes to be reduced due to pollution, while the defendant argued that it was a discharge unit that reached the standard through special environmental impact assessment.

　　　　　　　　The court held that the national or local pollutant discharge standards are only the basis for the environmental protection department to decide whether the pollutant discharge unit needs to pay sewage charges and carry out environmental management, rather than the boundary for determining whether the pollutant discharge unit is liable for compensation. The legal discharge of pollutants by enterprises may also lead to dangerous results of damage to others, and there should be relief if there is damage. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution does not regard illegality as a necessary condition for the actor to bear civil liability, which shows that the constitution of environmental civil liability does not require the actor’s behavior to be illegal.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow should several polluters bear the responsibility for causing damage by polluting the environment?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiSeveral polluters commit environmental pollution, including two situations: first, several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution; Second, several polluters commit environmental pollution behaviors respectively. Articles 2 and 3 of this Interpretation respectively stipulate these two situations.

　　　　　　　　First, if several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution and cause damage to the infringed, they shall be jointly and severally liable in accordance with Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　Second, if several polluters respectively commit environmental pollution and cause the same damage, the Interpretation stipulates that three situations should be distinguished.

　　　　　　　　It should be noted that Articles 2 and 3 of the Interpretation stipulate how several polluters should be held responsible for the damage caused by environmental pollution. If it is necessary to determine how to share the responsibility among several polluters, the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation shall apply.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to bear the responsibility for environmental pollution damage caused by the fault of the third party?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiIn practice, some environmental pollution behaviors are caused by the fault of a third person other than the polluter and the infringed. In this case, in order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed, Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law stipulates that the infringed may choose to request the polluter or a third party to compensate.

　　　　　　　　However, the Tort Liability Law does not clarify the litigation status of the polluter and the third party. If the polluter is also at fault for polluting the environment, how should the third party bear the responsibility and whether the polluter can claim to reduce or exempt the responsibility on the grounds of the third party’s fault. To this end, the fifth article of this Interpretation stipulates three aspects.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsThe Interpretation stipulates the burden of proof of the infringer and the polluter respectively. How should the parties give evidence?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 6 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of the infringed, which is based on Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law. In practice, there is no dispute that the infringed should bear the burden of proof for the pollution behavior and the damage facts. However, there are two opinions on whether the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage results.

　　　　　　　　One view is that according to Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law, the principle of inversion of the burden of proof of causality applies to environmental pollution liability disputes, and the polluter should bear the burden of proof for the absence of causality, and the infringed should not bear any burden of proof for causality; Another view is that the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage. After research, the second opinion was adopted.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of polluters, which is based on the provisions of Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law. According to Article 66 of Tort Liability Law, polluters should bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between behavior and damage. However, under what circumstances, the people’s court can determine that the polluter has completed the burden of proof, which is not clearly stipulated in the law and has different practices in practice. After repeated research, Article 7 of the Interpretation stipulates four situations.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsIt is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in some cases. How should we deal with it?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe trial of civil cases of environmental pollution often involves specialized issues such as pollutant identification, loss assessment, causal relationship identification, etc., and the judicial appraisal institution needs to issue appraisal opinions. However, at present, there are few institutions with environmental pollution appraisal qualifications, long appraisal period and high cost, which are difficult to meet the practical needs of handling cases.

　　　　　　　　In view of this, the Interpretation refers to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution, which clearly stipulates that if it is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in the case, it may entrust a judicial appraisal institution with relevant qualifications to issue an appraisal opinion or an institution recommended by the environmental protection department of the State Council to issue an inspection, testing or monitoring report.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to play an expert role in the trial of environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiEnvironmental tort liability disputes involve many technical and professional issues, and the parties often can’t meet the needs of litigation according to their own knowledge. Judges and litigation agents entrusted by the parties are generally expert in law, but they are not necessarily clear about the technical problems in the facts of the case.

　　　　　　　　In order to fully protect the litigation rights of the parties, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and help the judge to judge in the middle and correctly identify the facts, the Interpretation clearly stipulates the procedures and functions of people with specialized knowledge to appear in court according to Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　First, the procedure for people with specialized knowledge to appear in court. If it is necessary for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court, the parties concerned shall apply to the people’s court and explain the reasons. If a party fails to apply, the people’s court may explain it to him if it deems it necessary;

　　　　　　　　Second, the role of people with specialized knowledge in court. People with specialized knowledge appear in court, mainly to give opinions on expert opinions or professional issues such as pollutant identification, damage consequences and causality. Moreover, the opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What civil liabilities should the polluter bear in environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiAccording to Article 15 of Tort Liability Law, the main ways to bear tort liability are: stop the infringement; Remove obstacles; Eliminate danger; Return property; Restore to the original state; Compensation for losses; Apologize; 8 kinds, such as eliminating influence and restoring reputation. Among them, "returning property" belongs to the typical right of claim, and "eliminating influence and restoring reputation" belongs to the typical category of personality right. According to the characteristics of environmental damage, returning property, eliminating influence and restoring reputation generally do not apply to environmental tort liability disputes.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Interpretation stipulates that the people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringed person and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Among them, "restitution" mainly requires the infringer to bear the responsibility of pollution control and ecological restoration, including in-situ restoration and off-site restoration. If the infringer fails to control or repair or is unable to control or repair, the people’s court may entrust the relevant unit to perform it on his behalf, and the expenses shall be borne by the polluter. "Compensation for losses" includes the property loss and personal loss caused by the infringed party’s pollution behavior and the expenses incurred by necessary and reasonable measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminate pollution.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What responsibilities should environmental service agencies bear?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 65 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that environmental impact assessment institutions, environmental monitoring institutions and institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment and pollution prevention facilities, if they resort to deception in relevant environmental service activities and are responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage, they shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and shall also be jointly and severally liable with other persons responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　　　　　　　In order to enhance the practical operation of this article and unify the applicable standards of the law, Article 16 of the Interpretation stipulates that if one of the circumstances is met, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to understand the relationship between the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe newly revised Civil Procedure Law and Environmental Protection Law both stipulate environmental civil public interest litigation and private interest litigation. These two types of litigation have commonalities in ascertaining the facts of the case and taking responsibility, while public interest litigation is different from private interest litigation in the aspects of litigation subject, litigation purpose and litigation request.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Supreme People’s Court drafted the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases. Among them, the Interpretation applies not only to environmental civil public interest litigation, but also to environmental civil private interest litigation, stipulates the general rules applicable to both types of litigation, and focuses on regulating substantive issues such as how polluters bear responsibility; The Interpretation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation only provides special rules applicable to public interest litigation, focusing on standardizing procedural issues such as parties and jurisdiction of environmental public interest litigation.

What impact does the Interpretation bring?

　　　　　　　　1. To the people’s court

　　　　　　　　In view of the problems existing in the environmental trial, the Interpretation clarifies the boundaries of civil liability that all relevant subjects should bear, which will greatly improve the quality and effectiveness of the trial and help improve the judicial credibility.

　　　　　　　　2. To the environmental protection department

　　　　　　　　In the process of drafting the Interpretation, the opinions of the competent department of environmental protection were fully solicited, and the relationship between the trial work of the people’s court and the administrative management of the competent department of environmental protection was clarified, which greatly reduced the pressure of letters and visits to environmental protection, and was bound to help improve the work efficiency of the competent department of environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　3. For polluters

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the polluter’s no-fault principle for his own pollution behavior, and also clarifies how to bear the burden of proof when several polluters commit environmental pollution and a third person causes damage. Therefore, it will play a positive role in distinguishing right from wrong and distinguishing responsibilities, thus increasing the compensation of polluters and promoting environmental improvement.

　　　　　　　　4. For pollution victims

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the responsibilities of relevant subjects such as polluters, polluters and victims, and between them and third parties, which greatly facilitates polluters to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law. At the same time, it also clarifies some of the burden of proof that pollution victims should bear, which is objectively conducive to preventing the occurrence of indiscriminate complaints.

　　　　　　　　5. Environmental service agencies

　　　　　　　　In order to implement the new environmental protection law, the Interpretation clearly stipulates that environmental service agencies shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation for fraud that may occur in their service work. This will objectively promote them to improve their integrity and do their due diligence in environmental services within their own scope according to law.

Attached to the original interpretation:

　　　　　　　　In order to correctly hear environmental tort liability disputes, this interpretation is formulated in accordance with the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tort Liability Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Procedure Law and other laws, combined with trial practice.

　　　　　　　　the first No matter whether the polluter is at fault or not, the polluter shall bear tort liability for damage caused by environmental pollution. The people’s court shall not support the claim that the polluter is not liable on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards..

　　　　　　　　Where the polluter does not bear the responsibility or reduces the responsibility, the provisions of the marine environmental protection law, the water pollution prevention law, the air pollution prevention law and other separate laws on environmental protection shall apply; Where there are no provisions in the specific law on environmental protection, the provisions of the Tort Liability Law shall apply.

　　　　　　　　the second If two or more polluters jointly commit pollution acts and cause damage, and the infringed party requests the polluters to bear joint liability according to Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law, the people’s court shall support it.

　　　　　　　　Article If two or more polluters commit pollution acts separately and cause the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is enough to cause all damage, the people’s court shall support the infringer’s request that the polluters bear joint liability according to Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case that two or more polluters have committed pollution acts respectively, causing the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is not enough to cause all the damage, and the infringed party requests the polluter to bear the responsibility according to Article 12 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case where two or more polluters respectively commit pollution acts that cause the same damage, and some polluters’ pollution acts are enough to cause all the damage, while some polluters’ pollution acts only cause part of the damage. In accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law, the infringed party requests the polluter that causes all the damage and other polluters to bear joint and several liability for all the damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 4 The people’s court shall determine the extent to which two or more polluters are responsible for polluting the environment according to the types, emissions, harmfulness of pollutants, whether there is a discharge permit, whether it exceeds the pollutant discharge standard, whether it exceeds the total discharge control index of key pollutants and other factors.

　　　　　　　　Article 5 The people’s court shall accept the case where the infringer sued the polluter and the third party separately or simultaneously according to the provisions of Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　If the infringed party requests the third party to bear the liability for compensation, the people’s court shall determine the corresponding liability for compensation according to the degree of the third party’s fault.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall not support the polluter’s claim that he will not bear the responsibility or reduce the responsibility on the grounds that the fault of a third party has caused damage to the environment.

　　　　　　　　Article 6 Where the infringed party requests compensation according to Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, it shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

　　　　　　　　(1) The polluter has discharged pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(2) the damage caused by the infringer;

　　　　　　　　(3) There is a correlation between pollutants discharged by polluters or secondary pollutants and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 If the polluter proves one of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall determine that there is no causal relationship between the pollution behavior and the damage:

　　　　　　　　(a) the discharged pollutants did not cause the damage;

　　　　　　　　(2) The discharged pollutants that can cause the damage have not reached the place where the damage occurred;

　　　　　　　　(three) the damage occurred before the discharge of pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(4) Other circumstances in which it can be determined that there is no causal relationship between pollution behavior and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 8 For the specialized problem of finding out the facts of environmental pollution cases, you can entrust a judicial authentication institution with relevant qualifications to issue an expert opinion or an institution recommended by the competent department of environmental protection of the State Council to issue an inspection report, test report, evaluation report or monitoring data.

　　　　　　　　Article 9 If a party applies to notify one or two persons with specialized knowledge to appear in court and put forward opinions on expert opinions, pollutant identification, damage results, causality and other professional issues, the people’s court may grant permission. If the parties fail to apply, the people’s court may interpret it if it deems it necessary.

　　　　　　　　The opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 10 The investigation report, inspection report, inspection report, evaluation report or monitoring data of environmental pollution incidents issued by the department responsible for environmental protection supervision and management or the agency entrusted by it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 11 For sudden or short-lasting environmental pollution, if the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain later, the people’s court shall allow the parties or interested parties to apply for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 12 If the respondent has one of the circumstances stipulated in Article 63 of the Environmental Protection Law, and the parties or interested parties apply for preservation according to Article 100 or Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court may order the respondent to immediately stop the infringement or take pollution prevention measures.

　　　　　　　　Article 13 The people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring to the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringer and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Article 14 If the infringer requests restitution, the people’s court may judge the polluter to bear the responsibility of environmental restoration according to law, and at the same time determine the environmental restoration expenses that the defendant should bear when he fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration.

　　　　　　　　If the polluter fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration within the time limit determined by the effective judgment, the people’s court may entrust others to carry out environmental restoration, and the expenses required shall be borne by the polluter.

　　　　　　　　Article 15 The people’s court shall support the infringer in suing the polluter for compensation for property losses and personal injuries caused by pollution and the reasonable expenses incurred by taking necessary measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminating pollution.

　　　　　　　　Article 16 Under any of the following circumstances, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law:

　　　　　　　　(a) the environmental impact assessment agency issued a seriously inaccurate evaluation document knowing that the materials provided by the client were false;

　　　　　　　　(two) environmental monitoring institutions or institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment deliberately conceal the fact that the client has exceeded the pollutant discharge standards or exceeded the total emission control indicators of key pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(3) Institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of pollution prevention facilities intentionally fail to operate or abnormally operate environmental monitoring equipment or pollution prevention facilities;

　　　　　　　　(four) other cases of fraud in the environmental service activities of the relevant institutions.

　　　　　　　　Article 17 Where the infringer brings a lawsuit and requests the polluter to stop the infringement, remove the obstruction and eliminate the danger, it is not subject to the limitation period stipulated in Article 66 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 18 This interpretation is applicable to the trial of civil cases that cause damage due to environmental pollution and ecological destruction, except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations for environmental civil public interest litigation cases.

　　　　　　　　This interpretation does not apply to disputes over adjacent pollution infringement and disputes over workers’ pollution damage in their professional activities.

　　　　　　　　Article 19 After the implementation of this interpretation, the provisions of this interpretation shall apply to cases of first and second instance that have not been concluded by the people’s courts. This interpretation does not apply to cases that have already made effective judgments before the implementation of this interpretation, and if they are retried according to law after the implementation of this interpretation.

　　　　　　　　After the implementation of this interpretation, if the judicial interpretation previously promulgated by the Supreme People’s Court is inconsistent with this interpretation, it will no longer apply.