The TV series "Hua Qiangu" starring Wallace Huo and Zhao Liying is being broadcasted. The point of netizens’ joy is not "bone painting love", but the steamed stuffed bun made of Altman monsters and CG special effects. Of course, the "sweet baby" made by animation is also jaw-dropping.

Special effects buns in Hua Qiangu

Hua Qiangu’s "spirit bug" sweet baby is burping.

　 　 　 　　The same special effects were spit out by the long-awaited online drama "Tomb Notes". Before the broadcast, Nanpai’s uncle said frankly, "The narrative aspect of his own story and the charm of the characters are far stronger than the need for special effects." "I don’t believe there will be such a situation as’ fifty cents special effects’. But after all, there will still be a bottleneck in the film and television production of online dramas in China, and there will still be an industrial development process, so we can wait patiently. ". After the broadcast, netizens spoke out that "the five-cent special effect that is more destructive than the fifty-cent special effect appeared" (but compared with the rough plot, the special effect is not the biggest problem).

In the pilot episode of Tomb Raiding Notes, a lighter flew by and the car exploded.

The blood of "Little Brother" Zhang Qiling

　 　 　 　 What is called Lei Ju by the audience now is either because of the exaggeration of the story or because of the special effects. While special effects account for an increasing proportion in TV series, their reputation is getting worse and worse, and even the word "fifty cents special effects" is used to describe the "shoddy" production of TV series. Domestic dramas have used special effects technology for decades, why are they often called "five-hair special effects"? Is it lack of money or technology?　

What is film and television special effects?

　 　 　 　 First of all, give everyone a definition of "film and television special effects" and "CG". The full name of CG is Computer Graphics, which refers to a category of visual design and production by using computer technology. It includes both art and all visual art creation activities at present, such as print design, web design, three-dimensional animation, film and television special effects and so on. Film and television special effects are one of CG.

In 1986, The Journey to the West Central the Monkey King was born.

　　　　　　　　As early as 1980s, in the six-year-old children’s version of The Journey to the West, the stone monkey was born, and the Monkey King’s "walking on clouds" were all film and television special effects, which was probably the original impression of mainland audiences on this technology.

　 　 　 　　In 1995, Pixar Animation Studio released Toy Story, the world’s first movie made entirely by computer animation, and the concept of CG really began to be widely recognized. In China, most colleges and universities began to set up related majors such as "post-film and television composite special effects" after 2000.

　 　 　 　　For actors, the use of special effects is both a good thing and a difficult problem.

The Man-eating Flowers in Hua Qiangu

　 　 　 　　Rulu, the actor who plays Xia Zixun in Hua Qiangu, once lamented, "The plot that once needed to travel across mountains and rivers to shoot can now be solved by a piece of green cloth and blue cloth." However, without the performance experience of "listening, seeing and feeling", the difficulty of interpreting the role has increased a lot. "The emergence of CG requires actors to perform more, and it is necessary to cultivate stronger imagination and artistic creativity."

The shooting scene of "Four Famous Boys" is set in green cloth.

After post-processing, the green cloth becomes blue sky and white clouds.

　　　　　　　　However, in the eyes of special effects producers, special effects cannot be a "sub-item" for actors’ performances. Xiao Yang, the director of the film "Youth Class", is the founder of a well-known special effects production company, Tiangong Extraordinary, and has been engaged in post-work for a long time. He doesn’t agree with the actors’ complaints about the production of special effects, and thinks that the "non-physical performance" of actors should be a basic skill as early as school.

　 　 　 　　"I don’t quite agree with the saying that actors work harder because of the special effects of film and television." Xiao Yang takes the drama of standing on the edge of a cliff as an example. "Now it can be done by post-production. Actors can do it by post-production without standing on the cliff. Does it make you concentrate on your performance to a certain extent and will not have psychological fear?"

Why is the effect only "fifty cents"?　

　 　 　 　 Film and television special effects have been widely used in domestic dramas, and the production of special effects has become an indispensable part of the full-screen legendary martial arts fairy tales. The audience’s focus on watching domestic dramas has also changed from paying attention to actors and plots to picking up dubbing clips and special visual experiences. But what stunned the audience was not how good the special effects were, but how thunderous they were. 　

The Special Effect Fox in swords of legends

　 　 　 　　For example, last year’s TV series "swords of legends" was dominated by netizens, who once said that "if special effects are removed, a group of people are crazy". Waterfalls that don’t move and beaches that walk without footprints are even dubbed as "special effects of 30 cents".

　 　 　 　 Known as the China Heavenly Edition "clash of the titans", the TV series "Stone Dare to Be the Hero of Heaven East" once played a publicity stunt of specially invited special effects production team of NASDAQ-listed IT companies before the broadcast, but after the broadcast, the special effects were hit in the face every minute. Some netizens vomited that "the whole drama exudes a sense of cheapness with thick plastic foam. When the immortals meet in the South Gate of Heaven, if the actors didn’t brush their sense of existence in front of the camera, they would really think they were watching cartoons".

　 　 　 　 Why the special effects of domestic dramas are scum, funding is a big factor. Generally speaking, the price of TV special effects lens is about 1500 yuan a second, but for most TV dramas that need to use a lot of special effects, no matter how big the production is, the budget is not enough. Although it is not 50 cents a second, the cost can only be a defective product.

　　　　　　　　It is reported that in 2010, the Zhang Jizhong version of The Journey to the West spent 15 million yuan on the post-production of special effects, and 14 companies participated in the production of 102,000 seconds of special effects shots, which is about 147 yuan per second on average. Zhang Jizhong revealed that compared with the 2003 edition of The Legend of the Condor Heroes, The Journey to the West’s post-production funds increased by 10 times, but the number and difficulty increased by 20 to 30 times, and the number of special effects shots accounted for more than half of the total number of shots in the series.

Zhang Jizhong version of The Journey to the West stills

　 　 　 　 However, after this TV series with more than 300 special effects shots in each episode was broadcast, many viewers called the special effects cottage. "The edges of the key image are all serrated, and many scenes of CG animation have not been color-corrected and are crude. Where did the investment go?"

　 　 　 　 In this regard, Zhang Jizhong’s explanation is that the investment of the play can’t be compared with that of American blockbusters, and the domestic technology can’t reach Hollywood level.

　 　 　 　　The online drama "Tomb Notes" claims to cost 5 million yuan per episode, with a total investment of more than 80 million yuan. However, after the broadcast, netizens discussed whether the level of special effects is 50 cents or 20 cents, and why the advertising time vision suddenly improved.

　 　 　 　 The relevant person in charge of the online drama "Never Imagine" said that special effects will only be used unless the plot needs it. "The best special effects team in China is even Xu Ke and Guangying, and many people are reluctant to do special effects for domestic dramas. If they want to do it, they are usually some students practicing their hands and playing."

　 　 　 　　Xu Jie, the special effects director of the TV series Men on Armored Ships, who has been in business for 15 years, admits that it is not an exaggeration for students to operate the special effects of basic domestic dramas. "The single repetitive special effects work is very simple. I can say that one can be trained in two or three months, but what China lacks is the technical director-style talents."

　　　　　　　　"The special effects industry itself has not existed for a long time. It is almost changing with each passing day. There is a lack of basic developers in this field in China, so it is difficult to keep up with the pace of large foreign companies." Mr. Q, who has been engaged in the film special effects industry for six years at Base Fx, said.

　　　　　　　　Mr. Q believes that the biggest bottleneck of film and television special effects is not the technology, but the rendering time is the biggest test if you want to make a detailed and realistic picture. However, at present, the production cycle and development mode of TV series obviously cannot tolerate the working mode of "slow work and fine work".

The picture of "Life of Pi" is beautiful, but its special effects company R&H has declared bankruptcy.

　 　 　 　 "The special effects industry is not particularly mature in the world, and many problems are still in the discussion stage." Xiao yang, the director of tiangong extraordinary splendour, said. Special effects cost money, but companies that make special effects may not make money. For example, Ang Lee directed "The Fantasy Drifting of Boys and Girls", whose special effects are generally recognized as good, but its special effects company has declared bankruptcy.

　 　 　 　Xiao Yang believes that "in China mainland, there is no problem for domestic practitioners to make special effects of a single shot, and the special effects of low still depend on the choice of the producer and whether the producer respects the basic special effects workflow".

　　　　　　　　"As far as I know, the level of everyone in the market is still similar, just a matter of money and time." Xu Jie, the special effects director of the TV series "Men on Armored Ships", said. For Xu Jie’s point of view, Li Xingwen, a senior film and television critic, also agreed that "on the one hand, it is hard power, the improvement of technology and the cultivation of talents, on the other hand, it is the satisfaction of funds and time."

　 　 　 　 The special effects shot in Men on the Armored Ship has 3600 seconds. "Now I advocate the concept of’ post-pre-production’. I also brought a group into the group before the drama was filmed. Many props, shapes and scenes later became my responsibility. In fact, these are closely related to special effects." Xu Jie admits that the crew’s respect for special effects work will directly affect the final presentation effect.

Stills of Men on Armored Ships

　　　　　　　　The criteria for judging the quality of special effects are basically grasped by each crew. Xu Jie said: "At present, we are still in a stage of watching and auditing together. As for the standard of one, two, three, you don’t have it yet, so there will be industry chaos."

　　　　　　　　Li Jianping, Dean of Animation College of Beijing Film Academy, once analyzed the faltering development of China’s film and television special effects from an educational perspective. He said that most of the current special effects are digital technology, which is close to the training direction of animation major, so many special effects artists in China are from animation major, and it is urgent to subdivide the special effects production major. There are no special effects software with independent brands, no local special effects talent team, the narrow development space of special effects teachers in China and the imperfect education system, which are all bottlenecks in the development of film and television special effects in China.

　　　　　　　　"The market is still very big," Xiao Yang said, and many talents are still being trained. "The industry is not short of simple implementation, but it lacks real guidance." The era of special effects artists in China may have to wait. "Chinese’s art conceptual design, the contractual spirit of institutional cooperation, the selection of scenes, etc. need to be completed and then formed into a system." Having participated in many film and television works, he fully affirmed the level of China’s special effects industry. "There are many talents in China, and many special effects in Hollywood are also contracted to domestic teams, because the post-producers in China are hard-working, but our shortcomings may be the lack of production system and the design of art concepts."

　 　 　 　 "The emergence, development and growth of the special effects industry are just to complete a dream. The whole film and television industry is for dreaming, so special effects and actors are all part of it." Xiao Yang believes that the structure of domestic dramas needs to be reorganized. "The performance of actors and whether producers respect the production of special effects are all problems, and the bad results can’t be blamed on the production of special effects."

Editor’s note: In life, we will inevitably encounter all kinds of trivial problems. If you master some tricks, trick or two, you may be able to solve life’s problems. Let’s take a look at the healthy living tips compiled by Xiaobian!

Housework can never be finished? Send you a set of "guide to the rules of housework"

Housework is tedious, but not everything needs to be cleaned every day. Recently, based on decades of domestic experience, the British Institute of Good Housekeeping summarized a set of "guide to household chores" that can easily clean the home. Life Times invited domestic experts to interpret this.　

The "Guide" divides the frequency of doing different housework into daily, weekly, monthly, every 3-6 months and every year.　

Household chores once a day: making beds, sweeping the floor, washing the toilet, wiping the kitchen console, washing dishes and washing underwear.　

Weekly housework: vacuuming, cleaning bathroom, brushing tooth cups, cleaning sheets, quilts and towels.　

Monthly housework: cleaning windows and shutters, vacuuming furniture and cleaning doormats.[Full text]

Tips for fastening sucker hooks

1. Put some water in the sucker, and then quickly stick the sucker to a flat surface (this seems to be known to everyone).

2. Apply some soapy water to the suction cup, and then stick it on a flat surface, and the effect is also good.

3. Evenly smear some egg white liquid in the sucker, then stick it on a flat surface, and hang heavy objects after it is completely dry, which is very firm..[Full text]

The car is too messy and dangerous.

"It’s not a big problem to put some commonly used items in the car, but if there are too many things, too complicated or misplaced, it will become a potential risk factor in driving." Liu Xin, a researcher at the Traffic Law Research Center of Shandong Jiaotong University, said that open sight and spacious interior space are the prerequisites for ensuring driving safety and winning survival to the greatest extent after an accident. But many car owners don’t realize this.[Full text]

Brilliant trick to polish the tap

Water stains are easy to remain on faucets. After a long time, ugly spots will be formed on the surface, and the water outlet is also easy to generate scale, which is not good for health. It is necessary to clean and maintain the faucet frequently.

At present, the faucets on the market are mostly made of copper and stainless steel, with different materials and different cleaning methods. Most of the copper taps are traditional screw taps, which are easy to rust and difficult to clean. They can be cleaned with scale remover and can be bought in supermarkets. The specific method is: dip a soft-bristled toothbrush in the detergent and gently wipe it. Some alloy faucets are also suitable for this method..[Full text]

Mattress health has to go through four levels

When choosing a mattress, you should have four passes:

Smell off. Before buying, it is best to open the plastic packaging or side inspection port of the mattress and smell if there is any odor. In addition, try to buy a big brand mattress, not less than 1,000 yuan, which is more likely to use inferior adhesives and fillers.

Exposure to the sun. After the mattress is bought, it should be ventilated and exposed for at least 2 weeks, and it is best to expose it once every 1~2 months.

Soft and hard. The mattress should be moderately soft and hard, too soft will make the body too invaginate, increase the load of ligaments and joints around the spine, and it will be easy to backache after a long time; Too hard will make people hang up, increase muscle pressure and affect deep sleep. When picking a mattress, you can press the mattress with your palm, and the depression range is 2~3 cm. In addition, some people like to sleep on hard beds, and it is best to add one or two layers of mattresses.

Force off. Every 2~3 months, the head and feet should be turned upside down or upside down to avoid the collapse of the mattress spring due to uneven stress; When the mattress is partially sunken or feels uneven when lying down, it should be replaced in time.[Full text]

Soap and washing powder can be mixed.

Chemically speaking, soap and washing powder belong to alkaline chemical products, and their pH values are between 8 and 11. Therefore, there is no such thing as "acid-base neutralization" when washing powder and soap are mixed. Another study shows that the decontamination effect will be better if a proper proportion of washing powder and soap are mixed. This is because sodium fatty acid, the main component of soap, will combine with calcium and magnesium ions in water to form a precipitate, which affects the detergency of soap..[Full text]

Mothballs are natural.

Whenever the season changes, people usually put some mothballs in the wardrobe or storage box in order to keep clothes from getting wet and being eaten by insects. However, if mothballs are used improperly, it may bring big trouble.

At present, there are two kinds of mothballs on the market: natural and synthetic. Natural mothballs are mainly extracted from the branches and leaves of camphor trees, which are colorless or white crystals, non-toxic and fragrant. However, synthetic mothballs are mostly made of dichlorobenzene, which has a pungent smell and certain toxicity. Improper placement or excessive placement will cause dizziness, sneezing, skin allergies and other symptoms..[Full text]

Related reading:

Experts teach you how to choose toothbrushes and throw kitchen waste the same day.

Combs are changed every four years, and pots and pans are placed vertically.

Don’t dip the detergent in water before squeezing toothpaste. Don’t use it if you can.

243 projects in Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone have been signed, settled and started, with a total investment of over 580 billion yuan to boost the "hot start" of the experimental zone, and Guangzhou Hengxin. Guangzhou, an old city with a history of more than 2,230 years, is always refreshing. On the "new track" of digital economy, Guangzhou has once again accelerated. On March 30th, Guangzhou issued "22 Articles" on the innovation and development of digital economy, taking Guangzhou’s first programmatic policy document on the innovation and development of digital economy as Guangzhou’s first declaration on attracting investment and talents in the field of digital economy. On March 31, the main venue of the mobilization activities for comprehensively accelerating the construction of the Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy was held in the Broadcasting Center in the core area of Pazhou. At the same time, Tianhe Guangzhou International Financial City Area, Huangpu Yuzhu Area and Panyu Guangzhou University City Branch will realize real-time "cloud interaction" with the main venue. Li Yanhong, Ding Lei, Wang Chuanfu, Liang Jinsong, Guo Guangchang, He Xiaopeng … entrepreneurs with their own traffic; Ali, Tencent, Baidu, Netease, JD.COM, Xiaomi, BYD … are well-known leading enterprises, and all the stars are gathered for a common name-Guangzhou Experimental Zone for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy. This activity also bid farewell to the past "face-to-face" and "hand in hand" signing methods, and upgraded to "screen-to-screen" and "line-to-line" cloud signing. According to statistics, there are 243 projects participating in the activities, with a total investment of 583.59 billion yuan. Among them, there are 2 electronic unveiling projects with a total investment of 2 billion yuan;Collectively signed 98 settlement agreements, with a total investment of 293.16 billion yuan; 99 collectively started projects with a total investment of 216.49 billion yuan; There are 44 collective opening projects with a total investment of 71.94 billion yuan. Super positioning brings huge imagination. At the beginning of this year, the work report of the Guangdong provincial government clearly stated for the first time that it supported Guangzhou to build a national artificial intelligence and digital economy experimental zone. This means that the Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy will be built into a national platform. In February, the Overall Plan for the Construction of Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy was published in the No.1 Document of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2020, proposing to build Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy with Pazhou as the core and Pearl River as the link, which marked the full launch of Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy with a total area of about 81 square kilometers. Super positioning brings huge imagination space. Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy has built a spatial pattern of "one river, two banks and three districts", with a total area of about 81 square kilometers and the volume equivalent to 13 Pearl River New Cities. Pazhou core area (including Guangzhou University Town), with a total area of about 48 square kilometers. Tencent, Alibaba, Gome, Vipshop, Xiaomi, Fosun and other artificial intelligence and digital economy giants have gathered together, and headquarters buildings have sprung up. High-end scientific research platforms such as Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou) and Tianhe No.2, and Guangzhou Internet Court, one of the three largest Internet courts in China, have successively settled down to jointly create "Digital+Exhibition+Headquarters+Scientific Research".A new highland of industrial integration and innovation. Guangzhou International Financial City, with a total area of about 8 square kilometers, is rich in modern service industry resources such as finance and trade, and there are many leading enterprises in science and technology. In the future, the innovative industry of "finance+technology" will be taken as a breakthrough to create an industrial integration development zone of artificial intelligence and digital economy, and an important gathering place for the layout of financial technology and intelligent industries in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Yuzhu area, with a total area of about 25 square kilometers, is built with national innovation platforms such as Terahertz National Science Center and Nano National Science Center, and seven powerful institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences are introduced to build a demonstration zone of China’s famous software city featuring blockchain, which will continue to accumulate strength. Give full play to Huangpu Port’s advantages as a Millennium-old port and a good port, promote the deep integration of modern shipping, trade and digital economy, and build a new trade innovation center in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The three major areas, facing each other across the river, are connected into pieces, which provide a good condition and solid foundation for the construction of Guangzhou artificial intelligence and digital economy experimental zone. There are a large number of high-quality projects, and the blueprint is drawn and the horn is sounded. Guangzhou shoulders an important mission and is expected to be higher. At the event, China Academy of Sciences, Gao Song, President of South China University of Technology, Ni Guangnan, Academician of China Academy of Engineering, Xu Zongben, Academician of China Academy of Sciences, Li Yanhong, Founder of Baidu, Ding Lei, Chairman of Vipshop Group, Li Dongsheng, Chairman of TCL Technology Group and other scholars and entrepreneurs all expressed their appreciation for Guangzhou’s forward-looking industrial layout and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence and digital economy industries through video or on-site support.Among them, many big coffees came with projects, hoping to join hands with Guangzhou to open up a new track for artificial intelligence and digital economy. The well-known projects have witnessed the "high quality" of Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone at full speed, with many projects and full weight. First, the scale is large, with 243 projects with a total investment of 583.59 billion yuan. Signed 98 settlement agreements with a total investment of nearly 300 billion yuan; 44 opening projects with a total investment of over 70 billion yuan; 99 projects were started with a total investment of over 200 billion yuan. Second, the structure is excellent, and the projects of leading enterprises in artificial intelligence and digital economy such as JD.COM Group and Tieta Zhilian, financial headquarters projects such as Guangfa Bank, China Life Insurance and Nanyue Bank, and emerging industrial park projects such as China Software CBD Headquarters, China Artificial Intelligence (Guangzhou) Industrial Park and Computer Big Data Industrial Park are introduced. Third, the technology content is high, including major technology platforms such as Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (Guangzhou), Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain, and Greater Bay Area Research Institute of Integrated Circuit and System Application in Guangdong Province, as well as a number of high-tech projects such as 5G devices, 3D printing, face recognition, smart travel, smart home, robots and integrated circuits. The overall acceleration of the construction of these projects will surely press the "acceleration button" for the development of Guangzhou’s digital economy, and provide a strong impetus for Guangzhou to ensure the completion of the annual economic and social development goals and realize the new vitality of the old city and "four new talents".The total investment of the projects in the four districts has exceeded 100 billion yuan. From the investment scale of the districts involved in the Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone, the total investment of the projects in Haizhu, Tianhe, Panyu and Huangpu has exceeded 100 billion yuan. In the core area of Pazhou in Haizhu, the radiation-driven effect caused by the agglomeration of leading enterprises is accelerating, and innovative industrial clusters such as new generation information technology, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet are accelerating. The launching ceremony also confirmed this point. 66 projects participated in the activities with a total investment of 144.6 billion yuan, and all of them are expected to have an operating income of 300 billion yuan after production. Among them, there are 2 electronic listing projects with a total investment of 2 billion yuan; Signed 34 settlement agreements with a total investment of 50.6 billion yuan; 15 opening projects with a total investment of 31.8 billion yuan; 15 new projects were started with a total investment of 60.2 billion yuan. In the Yuzhu area of Huangpu, 33 new infrastructure and advanced manufacturing projects, such as 5G, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, started construction, and 24 major projects of artificial intelligence and digital economy, such as Guangzhou Blockchain Research Institute, signed in through the 5G cloud. At the same time, six projects, including China Software CBD, were opened for operation, with a total investment of 183 billion yuan and an estimated output value and revenue of 300 billion yuan, which will boost the high-quality development of Yuzhu area. In the Guangzhou International Financial City area of Tianhe, 26 projects were signed with a total investment of 68 billion yuan. 18 opening projects with a total investment of 11.2 billion yuan; 21 newly started projects with a total investment of 43.1 billion yuan;The total investment of all the projects is 122.3 billion yuan, and the estimated total operating income is about 320 billion yuan after production. In Panyu University Town, there are 49 projects that have been settled, opened and started, with a total investment of about 140 billion yuan. After all the projects are put into production, the total operating income is expected to be about 160 billion yuan. Among them, the total investment of 14 contracted projects reached 74.1 billion yuan, and the output value of 30 newly started projects exceeded 60 billion yuan. Twenty-two Measures for the Pilot Area "Escort" While promoting the construction of key projects in the field of digital economy, Guangzhou’s policy support continued to exert its strength. The day before the event, Guangzhou simultaneously issued "Several Measures to Accelerate the Creation of a Digital Economy Innovation-oriented City", proposing seven major measures and 22 measures to provide a good policy environment for the development of Guangzhou’s digital economy. The "Several Measures" clearly takes Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone as the core space carrier and innovation source, and puts forward the coordinated development layout of "one core and many points" in the city’s digital industry agglomeration development. It is the first programmatic policy document for the innovative development of Guangzhou’s digital economy and the first declaration for Guangzhou to attract investment and talents in the digital economy field. In the policy, it is pointed out that Guangzhou will give full play to the platform role of Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone, increase land reserve and transfer, focus on solving land use problems in major projects, corporate headquarters, technology research and development, and application of results, and form industrial agglomeration development by strengthening land spatial allocation support.Give priority to ensuring the development of digital economy enterprises and the space demand for innovative talents. We will increase the implementation of project approval, acceptance of vacancies, notification of commitments, and trust approval, and open a green channel for approval of major projects. The newly introduced digital economy headquarters enterprises can be awarded a maximum of 50 million yuan. For particularly important projects in the field of biomedical digitalization, based on the market evaluation land price, the starting price of transfer is comprehensively drawn up with full consideration of the project characteristics. Some key projects in the three major areas are counted one by one in Pazhou core area (including Guangzhou University Town) Keywords: Digital Industry The "Overall Plan for the Construction of Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone" issued by Guangdong Province has clearly defined Pazhou as the core. According to Guangzhou’s first programmatic document on innovation and development of digital economy, "Several Measures for Accelerating the Construction of a Digital Economy Innovation-oriented City", Pazhou core area will rely on major innovation platforms such as artificial intelligence and digital economy Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) to form a number of original technological achievements and application innovation demonstrations in the new generation of information technology, and also vigorously promote the headquarters construction of leading enterprises in the digital industry and continuously introduce global leading enterprises. The projects in the core area of Pazhou have the characteristics of "close integration of production and research", with top scientific research institutions and leading enterprises simultaneously. National New Industrialization Demonstration Base (Big Data): In March 2020, Pazhou was recognized as the National New Industrialization Demonstration Base (Big Data) by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and it was the first national new industrialization demonstration base (Big Data) focusing on artificial intelligence and digital economy in Guangdong Province.Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (Guangzhou): With South China University of Technology as the lead unit, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy was established in collaboration with well-known universities, research institutes and leading enterprises at home and abroad, focusing on the layout of basic theories and core algorithms of artificial intelligence, key technologies of intelligent interconnection and big data, special chips and computing of artificial intelligence, key technologies of brain-like intelligence, etc., so as to enhance the original ability of artificial intelligence theories and key technologies and partially or substantially alleviate the technical problems of sticking. South Headquarters of JD.COM Group: South Headquarters of JD.COM Group will integrate Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s e-commerce and supply chain finance. China Tower is a large-scale state-owned communication tower infrastructure service enterprise jointly funded by China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom. Tieta Zhilian is a professional company under the China Tower, which applies the Internet of Things, focusing on the fields of eco-environment, land and water conservancy, security, emergency, transportation, satellite positioning and so on, and developing cross-industry site application and information services. Hesheng ·TIT Digital Life Demonstration Zone: In the future, by introducing advanced scientific and technological resources such as science and technology, intelligence and innovation at home and abroad, a modern digital intelligent economic business circle and living community integrating innovative scientific research, exhibitions, Internet, information exchange and technological entrepreneurship will be built in Guangzhou Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Experimental Zone. Information Industry Center of Panyu Industrial Economic Headquarters Park: The plot is located in Zhangbian Village, Nancun Town, which is an information industry center built in the park.It will take the development of information technology as the leading industry, take R&D, exhibition, transaction and service as the chain, and integrate industrial capital, commercial capital and financial capital, and will introduce high-tech enterprises and scientific research institutions with the first generation of information technology such as cloud computing, Internet of Things and blockchain. Yuzhu District Keywords: AI, 5G, Blockchain Guangzhou Development Zone is the only "China Software Famous Zone" featuring blockchain in China. Under the existing advantages, Yuzhu District in Huangpu District will strengthen the deep integration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G and blockchain with the real economy, speed up the construction of a demonstration zone of China’s famous software city featuring blockchain, speed up the layout of new international information infrastructure such as industrial Internet logo analysis top nodes, and actively introduce scientific research institutes in the digital economy field such as artificial intelligence. The projects in this area focus on improving the innovation strategy and innovation ecology in AI, 5G and blockchain. Both scientific research institutions and enterprises have the characteristics of specialization and precision. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area National Institute of Nanotechnology Innovation Headquarters Park: The total investment of the project is 4 billion yuan, and the overall construction area is 600,000 square meters, including the core research and development area of nanotechnology, the pilot incubation area and the living supporting area, so as to build a first-class highland of core research and development of nanotechnology in China and even in the world. Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Greater Bay Area Research Institute, Institute of Aerospace Information, China Academy of Sciences: The total investment of the project is 400 million yuan, which will be jointly built with the Institute of Aerospace Information, China Academy of Sciences to build the Terahertz National Science Center and build a 210,000-square-meter dedicated research building and supporting workshops.Focus on building a cutting-edge scientific platform for terahertz innovation. Phase I of SINOMACH Intelligent Park: The total investment of the project is 1.5 billion yuan, and the construction area is 120,000 square meters. It mainly develops and builds the existing land of Guangzhou Institute of Mechanical Science, and relies on the technical advantages and industry leading position of SINOMACH to build an industrial park, incubate and cultivate intelligent industrial projects, and build an important carrier platform for intelligent industries. China Software CBD: With a total investment of 5 billion yuan and a total construction area of 400,000 square meters, the project is planned to become a gathering area of information technology in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, connecting domestic and foreign key software enterprises, universities, research institutes and entrepreneurial innovation platforms, and promoting the research and development of the underlying technology of blockchain and the development of multi-scenario applications such as finance, supply chain, industrial Internet and digital asset trading. Xinsong International Robot Industrial Park: The project plans to invest 800 million yuan with a construction area of about 170,000 square meters, build Xinsong Asia-Pacific headquarters, connect and introduce advanced technologies and high-end talents from Israel and other countries and regions, build an international high-end innovation platform, and cooperate in innovative research and development, manufacturing, application promotion, investment attraction and financial services in the field of robots and intelligent equipment to build a complete ecological chain of robots and intelligent equipment industry. Guangzhou International Financial City Area Keywords: Finance+Technology Guangzhou International Financial City Area in Tianhe District on the north bank of the Pearl River already has the advantages of modern service industry resources such as finance and trade. In the future, it will vigorously develop digital finance, digital creativity and various new consumption formats and modes in combination with the digital industry.The characteristic of the landing project in this area is "finance+technology", which includes both financial enterprise headquarters and leading enterprises in digital technology industry. CGB Headquarters Building Project: Upon completion, under the guidance of strategies and objectives such as "digital CGB" and "wisdom CGB", financial products and services will be innovated in all directions, and the annual operating income will exceed 100 billion yuan. China Life Building Project: it will become a comprehensive building integrating the administrative offices and counter flagship stores of companies in China’s life provinces and municipalities, and together with CGB Headquarters Building, it will build China Life Southern Financial Center, which will become the gateway of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s foreign economy and another benchmark of Guangzhou’s financial headquarters building. MCC Financial Building: After completion, it will actively carry out digital financial R&D investment and digital financial business, and carry the business functions of MCC South Headquarters, financial business center, investment and financing center and financial sharing center. After completion, it will realize the overall annual operating income of 50 billion yuan. Cool Dog Music National Headquarters Project: Cool Dog Music will further expand digital music business, carry out digital trading and digital export, and help users to obtain high-quality music content and music derivatives in different scenarios more intelligently and efficiently through artificial intelligence and other technologies. At the same time that a number of projects have signed up and started construction, there are also 44 collective opening projects in Guangzhou Experimental Zone of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy: Fosun South Headquarters (Health+Digital Finance Honeycomb Project), which will gradually introduce high-quality multi-industry enterprises under Fosun Group, and introduce high-quality industrial resources from many sectors such as finance, health and cultural tourism.Vipshop headquarters building project: it will carry the office of Vipshop headquarters and the e-commerce business section of the Group. Alibaba South China Operation Center Project: It mainly undertakes Alibaba’s innovative business groups, Internet technology services and new businesses such as Internet, cloud computing and big data that will be introduced into Guangzhou in the future, and is responsible for operating other businesses of Alibaba Group in South China. Winbond International Center Project: It will carry the related management business functions of Winbond Holding Group’s operation management headquarters and its affiliated insurance finance, health care for the aged, engineering design and other fields. The artificial intelligence black technology appeared in the Broadcasting Center, the first in the world to realize L3 automatic driving. At the Broadcasting Center, the main venue of the event, Guangzhou Automobile Group exhibited two cars, AION S and AION LX. AION S is the first pure electric vehicle in China to deliver L2 automatic driver assistance system in mass production. It integrates 20 intelligent driving assistance functions such as high-speed automatic driving assistance, congestion automatic driving assistance and automatic parking. In March 2020, GAC New Energy took the lead in carrying the world’s first high-precision map of China, and AION LX will realize the world’s first L3 autopilot. It is understood that AION LX equipped with L2.5 autopilot technology will be launched in April, and AION LX equipped with L3 autopilot technology with high-precision maps will be mass-produced in July. Guangzhou cnc Equipment Co., Ltd., a gobang robot with fierce moves, exhibited a gobang robot.The main structure of this robot is a mechanical arm. A high-precision camera is installed above the box of the robot arm, which enables the robot arm to accurately identify the black and white dice and the grid on the chessboard, and can accurately place the chess pieces on the chessboard. As a gobang robot, there is a set of algorithms supporting "playing chess" behind it. Guangzhou Daily’s all-media reporter played a game with the robot at the scene. Robots have their own ideas about chess, and chess moves are fierce. Five minutes later, the reporter lost. Then the robot also put the black and white pieces into different chess boxes. The multi-functional agricultural drone Yihang Tianying Logistics UAV is an intelligent networked logistics UAV independently designed and developed by Yihang Intelligent. The UAV adopts 4-axis and 8-paddle multi-rotor structure and intelligent safety algorithm, which can take off and land vertically, accurately position by GPS and vision, plan routes independently, and dispatch in real time. It can transport 5kg small cargo in one way to complete the automatic flight route task. Guangzhou Feifei Technology Co., Ltd. launched Feifei XP2020 agricultural drone, which integrates intelligent sowing and precise spraying. It can be flexibly equipped with operation boxes with different capacities, and it can easily and efficiently carry out sowing, fertilizing, pesticide application and feeding in all terrain conditions through mobile phones or intelligent remote controllers.

On the 19th, under the influence of the vortex and the southwest jet, heavy rain occurred in Guangxi (Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Nanning), with strong short-term rainfall. The maximum hourly rainfall in Qinzhou was 189.6 mm (02: 00 to 03: 00 on the 19th).

At present, the heavy precipitation clouds in central and southern Guangxi are moving eastward, affecting cities and counties in western Guangdong. It is estimated that from 19th to 21st, there will be a local torrential rain and precipitation process from heavy rain to heavy rain in western Guangdong, southern Pearl River Delta and eastern Guangdong, and there will be heavy rain and heavy rain in other cities and counties. The local area is accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation and strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds of magnitude 8 or so. Guangdong has entered the "Dragon Boat Water" season, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters such as flash floods and mudslides, landslides, collapses and waterlogging in urban and rural areas, and pay attention to the prevention of disasters caused by strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

Weather Reality: On the morning of May 18th to 19th, there were moderate to heavy rains in Zhaoqing and Qingyuan, and showers and heavy rains in other cities and counties. According to the monitoring, from 08: 00 on the 18th to 08: 00 on the 19th, 11 towns and streets in the province recorded heavy rain exceeding 50 mm, and 100 towns and streets recorded heavy rain ranging from 25 mm to 50 mm. The towns and streets with the largest rainfall in each city were: Damaishan Town, Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Qingyuan, 69.4 mm, and Beishi Town, Guang Ningxian, Zhaoqing, 64 mm.

Specific forecast: On the 19th, there will be heavy rain to heavy rain in western Guangdong and southern Pearl River Delta, heavy rain and heavy rain in cities and counties in northwest Guangdong and central and northern Pearl River Delta, and moderate to heavy rain in other cities and counties.

On the 20th, there were heavy rains in southern Pearl River Delta and cities and counties in eastern Guangdong, heavy rains in Heyuan and Meizhou, and showers and heavy rains in other cities and counties.

On the 21st, there were heavy rains and rainstorms in the cities and counties in eastern Guangdong and Meizhou, while the rest of the cities and counties were cloudy with showers.

On the 22nd, heavy rain turned to showers in the cities and counties in eastern Guangdong, and the rest of the cities and counties were cloudy with showers and partial heavy rain.

Warm reminder: Guangdong has entered the "Dragon Boat Water" season, and it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters. 1. Pay attention to the prevention of continuous heavy precipitation and its secondary disasters such as flash floods, mudslides, landslides, collapses, urban and rural waterlogging and floods in small and medium rivers. 2. It is necessary to pay attention to prevent risks such as aerial work facilities, factory sheds, temporary structures, outdoor billboards, tree collapse and agricultural production activities caused by strong convective weather such as lightning strikes and short-term strong winds. 3. When it rains, it is easy to cause visual range obstacles and road water accumulation, and the risk of land and water traffic accidents increases, so attention should be paid to safety.

Smoke billowed from the chimney. Zhang Xinyan’s information

　　　　　　　　On June 1st, the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Tort Liability Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation) was issued. There are 19 articles in the Interpretation, which mainly include: the principle of imputation and the reasons for exemption; The responsibility of several people to discharge pollutants; Liability for environmental pollution caused by the fault of the third party; Distribution of burden of proof; Provisions on evidence; Evidence preservation; The responsibility of the polluter; Responsibilities of relevant environmental service agencies; Scope of application and limitation of action.

　　　　　　　　What are the highlights of the Interpretation and what impact will it bring? The reporter interviewed Sun Youhai, former deputy director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office, now professor of Tianjin University and dean of law school on these issues.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsWhat is the imputation principle of environmental pollution tort liability in the Interpretation?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe essence of Article 1 of the Interpretation is whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution. In practice, there are two opinions on whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution.

　　　　　　　　One view is that in the past, some laws regarded "illegality" as one of the constitutive requirements of environmental pollution responsibility, so it should be adhered to. Another view is that Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law does not distinguish whether pollutants are discharged legally, but whether the polluter is at fault or not, and the polluter shall bear tort liability. In other words, even if the pollutant discharge behavior of the polluter meets the requirements of national or local pollutant discharge standards, it shall bear tort liability as long as it causes damage.

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation adheres to the "no-fault principle", that is, no matter whether the polluter is subjectively "intentional" about the pollutants discharged, as long as it discharges pollutants and causes damage, it should bear civil liability. This is the inevitable result of the development of international environmental law and the concrete embodiment of the development of China’s environmental law. According to this provision, the people’s court will not support the claim that the polluter does not assume responsibility on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards.

　　　　　　　　There are also many cases for reference in trial practice. For example, the People’s Court of Longtan District, Jilin City (2004) Long Min Yi Chu Zi No.1377 case.

　　　　　　　　The defendant is a chemical enterprise that produces sulfuric acid, and the vineyard planted by Wang is nearby. Wang sued the court for the defendant’s discharge of sulfur dioxide, which caused his grapes to be reduced due to pollution, while the defendant argued that it was a discharge unit that reached the standard through special environmental impact assessment.

　　　　　　　　The court held that the national or local pollutant discharge standards are only the basis for the environmental protection department to decide whether the pollutant discharge unit needs to pay sewage charges and carry out environmental management, rather than the boundary for determining whether the pollutant discharge unit is liable for compensation. The legal discharge of pollutants by enterprises may also lead to dangerous results of damage to others, and there should be relief if there is damage. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution does not regard illegality as a necessary condition for the actor to bear civil liability, which shows that the constitution of environmental civil liability does not require the actor’s behavior to be illegal.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow should several polluters bear the responsibility for causing damage by polluting the environment?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiSeveral polluters commit environmental pollution, including two situations: first, several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution; Second, several polluters commit environmental pollution behaviors respectively. Articles 2 and 3 of this Interpretation respectively stipulate these two situations.

　　　　　　　　First, if several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution and cause damage to the infringed, they shall be jointly and severally liable in accordance with Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　Second, if several polluters respectively commit environmental pollution and cause the same damage, the Interpretation stipulates that three situations should be distinguished.

　　　　　　　　It should be noted that Articles 2 and 3 of the Interpretation stipulate how several polluters should be held responsible for the damage caused by environmental pollution. If it is necessary to determine how to share the responsibility among several polluters, the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation shall apply.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to bear the responsibility for environmental pollution damage caused by the fault of the third party?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiIn practice, some environmental pollution behaviors are caused by the fault of a third person other than the polluter and the infringed. In this case, in order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed, Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law stipulates that the infringed may choose to request the polluter or a third party to compensate.

　　　　　　　　However, the Tort Liability Law does not clarify the litigation status of the polluter and the third party. If the polluter is also at fault for polluting the environment, how should the third party bear the responsibility and whether the polluter can claim to reduce or exempt the responsibility on the grounds of the third party’s fault. To this end, the fifth article of this Interpretation stipulates three aspects.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsThe Interpretation stipulates the burden of proof of the infringer and the polluter respectively. How should the parties give evidence?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 6 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of the infringed, which is based on Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law. In practice, there is no dispute that the infringed should bear the burden of proof for the pollution behavior and the damage facts. However, there are two opinions on whether the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage results.

　　　　　　　　One view is that according to Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law, the principle of inversion of the burden of proof of causality applies to environmental pollution liability disputes, and the polluter should bear the burden of proof for the absence of causality, and the infringed should not bear any burden of proof for causality; Another view is that the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage. After research, the second opinion was adopted.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of polluters, which is based on the provisions of Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law. According to Article 66 of Tort Liability Law, polluters should bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between behavior and damage. However, under what circumstances, the people’s court can determine that the polluter has completed the burden of proof, which is not clearly stipulated in the law and has different practices in practice. After repeated research, Article 7 of the Interpretation stipulates four situations.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsIt is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in some cases. How should we deal with it?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe trial of civil cases of environmental pollution often involves specialized issues such as pollutant identification, loss assessment, causal relationship identification, etc., and the judicial appraisal institution needs to issue appraisal opinions. However, at present, there are few institutions with environmental pollution appraisal qualifications, long appraisal period and high cost, which are difficult to meet the practical needs of handling cases.

　　　　　　　　In view of this, the Interpretation refers to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution, which clearly stipulates that if it is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in the case, it may entrust a judicial appraisal institution with relevant qualifications to issue an appraisal opinion or an institution recommended by the environmental protection department of the State Council to issue an inspection, testing or monitoring report.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to play an expert role in the trial of environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiEnvironmental tort liability disputes involve many technical and professional issues, and the parties often can’t meet the needs of litigation according to their own knowledge. Judges and litigation agents entrusted by the parties are generally expert in law, but they are not necessarily clear about the technical problems in the facts of the case.

　　　　　　　　In order to fully protect the litigation rights of the parties, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and help the judge to judge in the middle and correctly identify the facts, the Interpretation clearly stipulates the procedures and functions of people with specialized knowledge to appear in court according to Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　First, the procedure for people with specialized knowledge to appear in court. If it is necessary for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court, the parties concerned shall apply to the people’s court and explain the reasons. If a party fails to apply, the people’s court may explain it to him if it deems it necessary;

　　　　　　　　Second, the role of people with specialized knowledge in court. People with specialized knowledge appear in court, mainly to give opinions on expert opinions or professional issues such as pollutant identification, damage consequences and causality. Moreover, the opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What civil liabilities should the polluter bear in environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiAccording to Article 15 of Tort Liability Law, the main ways to bear tort liability are: stop the infringement; Remove obstacles; Eliminate danger; Return property; Restore to the original state; Compensation for losses; Apologize; 8 kinds, such as eliminating influence and restoring reputation. Among them, "returning property" belongs to the typical right of claim, and "eliminating influence and restoring reputation" belongs to the typical category of personality right. According to the characteristics of environmental damage, returning property, eliminating influence and restoring reputation generally do not apply to environmental tort liability disputes.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Interpretation stipulates that the people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringed person and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Among them, "restitution" mainly requires the infringer to bear the responsibility of pollution control and ecological restoration, including in-situ restoration and off-site restoration. If the infringer fails to control or repair or is unable to control or repair, the people’s court may entrust the relevant unit to perform it on his behalf, and the expenses shall be borne by the polluter. "Compensation for losses" includes the property loss and personal loss caused by the infringed party’s pollution behavior and the expenses incurred by necessary and reasonable measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminate pollution.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What responsibilities should environmental service agencies bear?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 65 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that environmental impact assessment institutions, environmental monitoring institutions and institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment and pollution prevention facilities, if they resort to deception in relevant environmental service activities and are responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage, they shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and shall also be jointly and severally liable with other persons responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　　　　　　　In order to enhance the practical operation of this article and unify the applicable standards of the law, Article 16 of the Interpretation stipulates that if one of the circumstances is met, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to understand the relationship between the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe newly revised Civil Procedure Law and Environmental Protection Law both stipulate environmental civil public interest litigation and private interest litigation. These two types of litigation have commonalities in ascertaining the facts of the case and taking responsibility, while public interest litigation is different from private interest litigation in the aspects of litigation subject, litigation purpose and litigation request.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Supreme People’s Court drafted the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases. Among them, the Interpretation applies not only to environmental civil public interest litigation, but also to environmental civil private interest litigation, stipulates the general rules applicable to both types of litigation, and focuses on regulating substantive issues such as how polluters bear responsibility; The Interpretation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation only provides special rules applicable to public interest litigation, focusing on standardizing procedural issues such as parties and jurisdiction of environmental public interest litigation.

What impact does the Interpretation bring?

　　　　　　　　1. To the people’s court

　　　　　　　　In view of the problems existing in the environmental trial, the Interpretation clarifies the boundaries of civil liability that all relevant subjects should bear, which will greatly improve the quality and effectiveness of the trial and help improve the judicial credibility.

　　　　　　　　2. To the environmental protection department

　　　　　　　　In the process of drafting the Interpretation, the opinions of the competent department of environmental protection were fully solicited, and the relationship between the trial work of the people’s court and the administrative management of the competent department of environmental protection was clarified, which greatly reduced the pressure of letters and visits to environmental protection, and was bound to help improve the work efficiency of the competent department of environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　3. For polluters

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the polluter’s no-fault principle for his own pollution behavior, and also clarifies how to bear the burden of proof when several polluters commit environmental pollution and a third person causes damage. Therefore, it will play a positive role in distinguishing right from wrong and distinguishing responsibilities, thus increasing the compensation of polluters and promoting environmental improvement.

　　　　　　　　4. For pollution victims

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the responsibilities of relevant subjects such as polluters, polluters and victims, and between them and third parties, which greatly facilitates polluters to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law. At the same time, it also clarifies some of the burden of proof that pollution victims should bear, which is objectively conducive to preventing the occurrence of indiscriminate complaints.

　　　　　　　　5. Environmental service agencies

　　　　　　　　In order to implement the new environmental protection law, the Interpretation clearly stipulates that environmental service agencies shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation for fraud that may occur in their service work. This will objectively promote them to improve their integrity and do their due diligence in environmental services within their own scope according to law.

Attached to the original interpretation:

　　　　　　　　In order to correctly hear environmental tort liability disputes, this interpretation is formulated in accordance with the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tort Liability Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Procedure Law and other laws, combined with trial practice.

　　　　　　　　the first No matter whether the polluter is at fault or not, the polluter shall bear tort liability for damage caused by environmental pollution. The people’s court shall not support the claim that the polluter is not liable on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards..

　　　　　　　　Where the polluter does not bear the responsibility or reduces the responsibility, the provisions of the marine environmental protection law, the water pollution prevention law, the air pollution prevention law and other separate laws on environmental protection shall apply; Where there are no provisions in the specific law on environmental protection, the provisions of the Tort Liability Law shall apply.

　　　　　　　　the second If two or more polluters jointly commit pollution acts and cause damage, and the infringed party requests the polluters to bear joint liability according to Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law, the people’s court shall support it.

　　　　　　　　Article If two or more polluters commit pollution acts separately and cause the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is enough to cause all damage, the people’s court shall support the infringer’s request that the polluters bear joint liability according to Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case that two or more polluters have committed pollution acts respectively, causing the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is not enough to cause all the damage, and the infringed party requests the polluter to bear the responsibility according to Article 12 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case where two or more polluters respectively commit pollution acts that cause the same damage, and some polluters’ pollution acts are enough to cause all the damage, while some polluters’ pollution acts only cause part of the damage. In accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law, the infringed party requests the polluter that causes all the damage and other polluters to bear joint and several liability for all the damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 4 The people’s court shall determine the extent to which two or more polluters are responsible for polluting the environment according to the types, emissions, harmfulness of pollutants, whether there is a discharge permit, whether it exceeds the pollutant discharge standard, whether it exceeds the total discharge control index of key pollutants and other factors.

　　　　　　　　Article 5 The people’s court shall accept the case where the infringer sued the polluter and the third party separately or simultaneously according to the provisions of Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　If the infringed party requests the third party to bear the liability for compensation, the people’s court shall determine the corresponding liability for compensation according to the degree of the third party’s fault.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall not support the polluter’s claim that he will not bear the responsibility or reduce the responsibility on the grounds that the fault of a third party has caused damage to the environment.

　　　　　　　　Article 6 Where the infringed party requests compensation according to Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, it shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

　　　　　　　　(1) The polluter has discharged pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(2) the damage caused by the infringer;

　　　　　　　　(3) There is a correlation between pollutants discharged by polluters or secondary pollutants and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 If the polluter proves one of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall determine that there is no causal relationship between the pollution behavior and the damage:

　　　　　　　　(a) the discharged pollutants did not cause the damage;

　　　　　　　　(2) The discharged pollutants that can cause the damage have not reached the place where the damage occurred;

　　　　　　　　(three) the damage occurred before the discharge of pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(4) Other circumstances in which it can be determined that there is no causal relationship between pollution behavior and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 8 For the specialized problem of finding out the facts of environmental pollution cases, you can entrust a judicial authentication institution with relevant qualifications to issue an expert opinion or an institution recommended by the competent department of environmental protection of the State Council to issue an inspection report, test report, evaluation report or monitoring data.

　　　　　　　　Article 9 If a party applies to notify one or two persons with specialized knowledge to appear in court and put forward opinions on expert opinions, pollutant identification, damage results, causality and other professional issues, the people’s court may grant permission. If the parties fail to apply, the people’s court may interpret it if it deems it necessary.

　　　　　　　　The opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 10 The investigation report, inspection report, inspection report, evaluation report or monitoring data of environmental pollution incidents issued by the department responsible for environmental protection supervision and management or the agency entrusted by it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 11 For sudden or short-lasting environmental pollution, if the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain later, the people’s court shall allow the parties or interested parties to apply for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 12 If the respondent has one of the circumstances stipulated in Article 63 of the Environmental Protection Law, and the parties or interested parties apply for preservation according to Article 100 or Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court may order the respondent to immediately stop the infringement or take pollution prevention measures.

　　　　　　　　Article 13 The people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring to the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringer and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Article 14 If the infringer requests restitution, the people’s court may judge the polluter to bear the responsibility of environmental restoration according to law, and at the same time determine the environmental restoration expenses that the defendant should bear when he fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration.

　　　　　　　　If the polluter fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration within the time limit determined by the effective judgment, the people’s court may entrust others to carry out environmental restoration, and the expenses required shall be borne by the polluter.

　　　　　　　　Article 15 The people’s court shall support the infringer in suing the polluter for compensation for property losses and personal injuries caused by pollution and the reasonable expenses incurred by taking necessary measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminating pollution.

　　　　　　　　Article 16 Under any of the following circumstances, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law:

　　　　　　　　(a) the environmental impact assessment agency issued a seriously inaccurate evaluation document knowing that the materials provided by the client were false;

　　　　　　　　(two) environmental monitoring institutions or institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment deliberately conceal the fact that the client has exceeded the pollutant discharge standards or exceeded the total emission control indicators of key pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(3) Institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of pollution prevention facilities intentionally fail to operate or abnormally operate environmental monitoring equipment or pollution prevention facilities;

　　　　　　　　(four) other cases of fraud in the environmental service activities of the relevant institutions.

　　　　　　　　Article 17 Where the infringer brings a lawsuit and requests the polluter to stop the infringement, remove the obstruction and eliminate the danger, it is not subject to the limitation period stipulated in Article 66 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 18 This interpretation is applicable to the trial of civil cases that cause damage due to environmental pollution and ecological destruction, except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations for environmental civil public interest litigation cases.

　　　　　　　　This interpretation does not apply to disputes over adjacent pollution infringement and disputes over workers’ pollution damage in their professional activities.

　　　　　　　　Article 19 After the implementation of this interpretation, the provisions of this interpretation shall apply to cases of first and second instance that have not been concluded by the people’s courts. This interpretation does not apply to cases that have already made effective judgments before the implementation of this interpretation, and if they are retried according to law after the implementation of this interpretation.

　　　　　　　　After the implementation of this interpretation, if the judicial interpretation previously promulgated by the Supreme People’s Court is inconsistent with this interpretation, it will no longer apply.　 　 　　

Today (24th), after six years of preparatory work and nine years of formal construction, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was officially opened to traffic. Behind this "century project" that shocked the world, there is a person who deeply participated in the whole process of bridge construction. He is Meng Fanchao, a bridge and tunnel student of Chongqing Jiaotong University in 1978 and now the chief designer of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. In his busy schedule, he accepted an exclusive interview with a reporter from Hualong. com.

Meng Fanchao (left) Respondents Photo courtesy of Hualong. com.

The heart of serving the country-

He devoted himself to the first-line exhibition and cultivated the bridge field for nearly 40 years.

The total length of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is about 55 kilometers, of which the main works include a 22.9-kilometer bridge, a 6.7-kilometer submarine tunnel and artificial islands in the east and west connecting the tunnel and the bridge. From scheme design to construction, China has created one project after another, breaking the limit of offshore bridge engineering in the world. It took 15 years from the establishment, construction and completion of the bridge, and the chief designer Meng Fanchao witnessed the whole process.

As early as 1980s, Meng Fanchao visited developed countries, and wherever he went, a modern transportation system had already been built, which deeply stimulated him. "We should do the same. We must step up planning and construction of expressways and bridges." Meng Fanchao said that it was this sense of urgency that prompted him to devote himself to the front line, to practice in his own field and to catch up.

Since 1982, Meng Fanchao has been deeply involved in the bridge design industry for nearly 40 years, witnessed the modernization of the national transportation system from toddler to soaring, and presided over and participated in the design of more than 20 advanced bridges in China and even in the world.

"It is the reform and opening up that has brought us opportunities, and thanks to the country for providing us with a stage to display our ambitions." Meng Fanchao said.

Meng Fanchao (sixth from left) took a group photo with some Chongqing Jiaotong University alumni on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Photo courtesy of the school Hualong net hair

Overcome the "century project"-

Put forward the concept of "four modernizations" and complete hundreds of scientific research innovations

In 2004, Meng Fanchao received the task of designing the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and began to undertake the feasibility study of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Since then, Meng Fanchao, together with more than 30,000 bridge builders, has challenged this "century project".

In Meng Fanchao’s view, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is not only a traffic construction project in China, but also a super project in the world. Therefore, the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge must have an international vision and mind. "We must build a leading bridge in the world today."

As a world-class super project, it must be supported by world-class quality. It is the special location of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the positioning of super-projects, the complexity of construction conditions and the requirements of technological innovation that determine that there are four major challenges in the construction process-engineering technology challenges, construction safety challenges, environmental protection challenges and construction management challenges.

Under the pressure of these "four challenges", Meng Fanchao put forward the concept of "large-scale, factory-oriented, standardized and assembled", also known as "four modernizations", which was recognized and supported by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Administration and Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.

By the eve of opening to traffic, the research team of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge had completed 31 innovative construction methods, 13 innovative software, 31 innovative equipment and 3 innovative products, and applied for 454 patents. "This is the most innovative project in a single bridge and tunnel in the world. It can be said that without innovation, there would be no Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao today." Meng Fanchao said.

At present, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a sea-crossing bridge with the longest mileage, the longest service life, the largest steel structure, the most difficult construction, the longest immersed tunnel, the highest technical content and the largest scientific patents and investment amount in the world. The technology and equipment scale of the bridge project have created many world records.

On October 22nd, after returning to his alma mater for a lecture, Meng Fanchao took a group photo with the students. Photo courtesy of the school Hualong net hair

Ingenuity does not forget the way-

I went back to my alma mater Chongqing Jiaotong University many times to talk to young students.

On the eve of the official opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, on the afternoon of October 20th, Meng Fanchao returned to his alma mater, Chongqing Jiaotong University, to participate in a series of commemorative activities of "Meet for 40 Years" for the alumni of the Department of Road and Bridge.

According to official website of Chongqing Jiaotong University, on the same day, in the academic exchange session with the theme of "New Achievements and New Thinking of Transportation Science and Technology", Meng Fanchao gave a wonderful speech entitled "My Bridge Experience and Practice", detailing all the major projects he participated in the construction and design since his employment, especially when he mentioned the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Facing the world-class bridge designers, the teachers and students present were absorbed and listened carefully.

In the view of Li Shijiao, director of the Liaison Office of Chongqing Jiaotong University, Meng Fanchao is a modest and low-key person who treats teachers, students and all walks of life as a gentleman. "Even if he didn’t have time to go home and take care of his family, he returned to his alma mater many times to guide the construction and development, and the dialogue encouraged the students to grow up, which well explained the two-way spirit of’ going into the endless road’ that his alma mater has always adhered to. The heart of boxing is evident." Li Shizhen said.

李世佼说，几十年来，孟凡超始终不忘当年恩师、全国知名桥梁专家顾安邦教授对桥梁人的热切期盼，希望早日实现从桥梁大国迈向桥梁强国的梦想。而今，他终于圆梦港珠澳大桥，以勇气、担当、协作，煅造着交大烙印的“匠心精神”，我们感到由衷地自豪和骄傲。

孟凡超作精彩演讲。 校方供图 华龙网发

》》对话孟凡超

华龙网：昨天港珠澳大桥举行开通仪式时，您在哪里？

孟凡超：我作为大桥管理和施工方面的代表之一，在东人工岛接受习总书记会见，他与我们一一握手、亲切交谈，让我倍感振奋，深受鼓舞。

华龙网：这些年多次上桥，正式开通后的感受有什么不同？

孟凡超：2016年6月份大桥主体结构就完工了，那时候就已经可以在上面跑了，但到处都是热火朝天的施工场景。现在不同了，大桥开通后，再到桥上去，感受更多的就是壮观、豪迈、大气，看到沿途的景观艺术、建筑风采都完整地呈现出来，就像自己孕育的孩子一样，满是自豪。

Hualong. com: After the opening of the bridge, many residents went to experience it today. In your opinion, what impact and effect will the bridge bring?

Meng Fanchao: The bridge connects Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao into a whole, and makes Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area realize urbanization and integration. Like new york, San Francisco and Tokyo Bay Area, it is more convenient to promote the life of Bay Area residents through the transportation in the same city, but the future population and economic aggregate of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will not be comparable to any existing world-class Bay Area.

The great significance of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is that it will completely change the population structure, economic structure and traffic status of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, promote the emergence of new lifestyles and new development models, and promote the integrated development of the three places. The indirect GDP may reach several trillion yuan or even more than ten trillion yuan.

As far as the bridge construction itself is concerned, in the ten years of bridge design and construction, we have made great efforts to innovate and trained a large number of engineering talents who have mastered the core construction technology, and the level of engineering design, construction and construction will reach a new level. It has accumulated experience and confidence for other large-scale projects in the future.

Hualong. com: The life expectancy of the bridge is 120 years. What measures are taken to ensure its realization?

Meng Fanchao: The construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge stands at the height of the whole country and is of great significance to promoting the development of Greater Bay Area. This urges us to adopt ultra-high standards for construction quality control, such as the thickness of concrete protective layer, corrosion-resistant steel bars, the dimensional accuracy of immersed tube steel bars in island tunnel projects, and the docking error of submerged tubes, and so on.

To ensure the service life of the bridge for 120 years means that all possible natural disasters, the erosion of the bridge structure by seawater and atmosphere, and even the fatigue and aging of the bridge itself should be taken into account. Therefore, during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, we adopted the methods of large-scale, factory-based, standardization and assembly (that is, "four modernizations"). On the one hand, our principle is no blind area, all-round, all requirements can be reached, inspected, repaired and replaced; On the other hand, for permanent structures that cannot be replaced, we will guarantee the service life of more than 120 years.

Under the concept of "four modernizations", the problems of bridge island tunnel landscape culture and art, steel pipe composite pile foundation, high-precision assembly technology of bridge island tunnel and 120-year durability technology have been overcome, and hundreds of patent achievements have been obtained in this way.

Hualong. com: Are there any other projects you want to challenge after the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge?

Meng Fanchao: To the north of the Pearl River Delta, there are at least five or six large bridges waiting for us, such as Taiwan Province Strait Bridge, Qiongzhou Strait Bridge and Bohai Bay Passage. For us, the economic strength, technical level and engineering resources of bridge construction are still full of confidence, especially after the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has accumulated a large number of talents and technical experience.

Hualong. com: As an excellent graduate of Chongqing Jiaotong University, what do you think of your college career?

Meng Fanchao: It happened in 1978 when I entered the university. Everyone cherished the hard-won opportunity to study. At that time, our life was very simple. Every day, there were three points and one line in the classroom, dormitory and canteen, reading, self-study and homework. When we were tired of reading, we asked a few people to play ball games for a change and exercise. It’s not easy to become a college student. At that time, I thought I must study hard and make contributions to national construction.

Hualong. com: Over the years, you have come back to Chongqing many times. What do you think of Chongqing?

Meng Fanchao: The development of Chongqing is obvious to all. Especially after the direct administration, Chongqing’s transportation system has developed rapidly and high-rise buildings abound, showing a prosperous scene. Together with the natural environment where the two rivers meet, it has created this unique mountain city that is rare in the whole country. As a student coming out of Chongqing, I feel very gratified and proud. It is hoped that Chongqing will be able to build more high-quality bridges in the future, improve the rapid transportation system and boost the high-quality development of the city.

Hualong. com: What messages do you have for young students?

Meng Fanchao: First of all, we should devote enough energy to basic study and professional study. On the premise of laying a solid foundation and ensuring intensive study, we should also have a certain breadth of knowledge. An excellent engineer, whether engaged in construction or design, has a wealth of knowledge. After entering the post, it is not only things in books that show his ability, but also humanities, politics, economy, history, geography and so on can help you broaden your horizons.

Nearly 3000 Chongqing people participated in the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Respondents for the picture Hualong. com

"Pay tribute to Chongqing and these people who participated in the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Meng Fanchao is just a microcosm of the participation in the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It is proud that nearly 3000 Chongqing people participated in the construction of this bridge, and they made our pride with their wisdom and sweat. Hualong. com reporters collected a list of some Chongqing builders who participated in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (in no particular order) to pay tribute to all the builders who participated in the bridge construction.　

Liu Wei: chief supervision engineer of traffic engineering for the main project of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Liu Wei is a master of engineering in Chongqing Jiaotong University in 2005, and once worked as the chief supervision engineer in the traffic engineering of the main project of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. He said that the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a milestone in their lives, the most memorable day in their lives, and an indelible mark in their work. "For many builders, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has gone from the design to the completion, and everyone has entered the middle age without doubt from the passionate youth. The most exciting years in life are accompanied by the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge."

Zhang Hong: Responsible for prefabrication of submarine immersed tunnel for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao project.

In December 2010, the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge started. In 2011, Zhang Hong, the chief engineer of Chongqing, came to Zhuhai to participate in the construction. His job is the prefabrication of submarine immersed tunnel. "In order to let the 10,000-ton ship pass through, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge designed a submarine immersed tunnel. 33 tunnels were completed in a nearby factory in advance, and then they were seamlessly connected like Lego bricks." Zhang Hong said that in the past seven years, he has challenged various technical problems and suffered many failures. "But now the magnificent bridge is in front of me, and I can’t remember the painful days I have experienced at all."

Pay tribute to this group of Chongqing people who participated in the construction. Respondents for the picture Hualong. com

Zhang Baolan: Major Female Professors Overcome the Key Technology to Make the Cross-Harbour Tunnel "Water-tight"

The key to the successful completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge lies in the submarine immersed tube tunnel. Concrete is the most important thing to ensure that the immersed tunnel will not leak water on the seabed for 120 years. Zhang Baolan, an alumnus of the Building Materials Department of the 1983 School of Materials of Chongqing University, has overcome the key technology to make the cross-harbour tunnel "watertight". She is also the only female professor and senior engineer who always insists on working in the front line of this project. She said that the most important thing is to be calm and calm when encountering such a good project as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and overcoming many difficulties to persevere and lead the team to achieve good results.

Yang Shaobin: Main Force of Artificial Island Construction, General Manager of No.2 Company of CCCC Second Navigation Bureau.

Yang Shaobin graduated from the Department of Road Engineering of Chongqing Jiaotong University in 1998. The Second Company of CCCC No.2 Navigation Bureau, where he works, is the main force in the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, undertaking numerous construction tasks and creating a series of engineering miracles.

Jiang Shuping: technical director of research on disaster reduction and prevention system of Zhuhai-Hong Kong-Macao Cross-Harbour Tunnel.

Jiang Shuping is the project science and technology director/consultant of China Merchants Chongqing Transportation Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., and the winner of Chongqing Science and Technology Award in 2018-Outstanding Contribution Award for Science and Technology. He led the team to develop a 1:1 full-scale disaster prevention and mitigation test platform for immersed tunnel of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the largest high-temperature test furnace in the transportation industry, and developed comprehensive test technologies such as combustion, smoke exhaust and escape. In 2015, they also conducted a real car burning fire test in the tunnel.

Jiang yuanqing: director of the first project department of traffic engineering of hong kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge of China railway construction corporation

Participated in the development of the first domestic three-place charging system. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is used by cars licensed by the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao. It took his team more than a year to develop an application software system to adapt to the toll lanes in three places. This charging system is the first in China.

Lv Zhengrun: Captain of the optical cable operation team of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge of China Railway Construction Corporation. Leading a team of 8 people, specializing in the connection of more than 2,300 kilometers of optical cables.

Bing Lin, a native of Nan ‘an District, is a doctor of Tongji University, a professor-level senior engineer and an electromechanical expert in Chongqing, and serves as the deputy chief supervision engineer of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Xi Song, a native of Tongnan, is a registered safety engineer, and serves as the director of the safety and environmental protection department of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao traffic engineering supervision.

Wanquanquan, a native of Nan ‘an District, is a senior engineer, serving as the director of the supervision contract department of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao traffic engineering.

Lin Bo, a native of Yuzhong District, is a registered supervision engineer, and serves as the director of traffic engineering supervision engineering department of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Chen Yidong, a native of Jiangbei District, is a registered supervision engineer, a professional supervision engineer of traffic engineering in Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao, and the deputy chief engineer of traffic engineering in Zhongyu Company.

Tan Jiangli, a native of Nan ‘an District, is a registered supervision engineer. She is a professional supervision engineer of traffic engineering in Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao, and the deputy chief engineer of traffic engineering in Zhongyu Company.

Luo Xiaolin, a native of Qijiang District, is a registered professional supervision engineer and works as a professional supervision engineer for traffic engineering of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Wu Xiaodong, a native of Nan ‘an District, is the traffic engineer of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Hu Guanghui, a native of Banan District, is the traffic engineer of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

Some Chongqing builders who participated in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge took a group photo at the opening ceremony of the bridge. Respondents for the picture Hualong. com

　　"If the dry wine is not sold?" That classic old song sung by Julie on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and even the whole Chinese community seems to be very suitable for the Democratic Progressive Party authorities who are mired in the "Taiwan independence" now. This group of national scum, who are swollen and fat, are willing to act as the "big head" for American politicians to sell second-hand weapons, turning the bluffing Taiwan military into an out-and-out "recycling bin".

　　On the 17th of this month, an F-16 fighter plane of Taiwan Province’s military lost contact off Hualien, and the pilot has not been heard from since. This is the second fighter plane that the Taiwan military fell in 20 days, and it is also the fourth accident in which it crashed and killed people this year.

　　The Democratic Progressive Party authorities are hard to blame for the frequent accidents of the Taiwan military. For some time, in order to rely on the United States to seek "independence" and "unite with the United States to resist the land", they sold weapons to Taiwan to the United States, no matter how long they were eliminated and how high the price was, and they took them all, resulting in heavy losses and frequent accidents for the Taiwan military and becoming a poor "waste recycling center."

　　At the press conference of the Ministry of National Defense on October 29, Wu Qian told the "Taiwan independence" separatists that "independence" by force is a dead end.

　　It is clear to the discerning eye that the so-called US arms sales to Taiwan are in essence nothing more than a trick that some politicians and military interest groups in the US regard Taiwan Province as an "ATM" and use a large number of discarded second-hand equipment waste to realize sky-high prices. The whole transaction is entirely determined by the interests of the United States, and Taiwan Province has no say at all. No matter how bad the junk is, the United States always buys and sells at the same price, and even makes an own goal that the United States announced arms sales without the knowledge of the Taiwan military executives and eventually "swallowed hard".

　　According to media reports, the F-5E fighter plane that crashed at the end of October has been in service for more than 40 years. Taiwan Province has purchased relevant spare parts from the US twice in 2016 and 2018, but has not received any reply. The Democratic Progressive Party authorities kowtowed to the United States, which led to the death of Taiwan soldiers. The media revealed that the pilot had revealed to his family before his death that the old F-5 would have an accident sooner or later, and it was verified!

　　Even so, in order to enhance the bargaining chip against the mainland, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities are still willing to fill in the big spenders, and they will not hesitate to leave their debts to their children and grandchildren, and continue to increase their purchases of US troops. According to statistics, the current US government has approved 10 batches of arms sales to Taiwan in four years, with a total price exceeding 18 billion US dollars, far exceeding the total amount of the government in eight years. You know, at a time when the mainland firmly holds the leading power and initiative in cross-strait relations, the more junk Democratic Progressive Party buys, the less life safety of Taiwan soldiers will be guaranteed. The old equipment in the United States is more like a reminder of the Taiwan military than an amulet.

　　The Taiwan Air Force and the sea patrol continued to conduct large-scale search and rescue, and nine audio signals have been detected so far.

　　Of course, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities who are bent on seeking "independence" simply don’t care about the life and death of the Taiwan military. They constantly provoke and escalate their words and deeds to seek "independence", openly clamoring that the US arms sales to Taiwan "can reach the mainland coast", in an attempt to further raise the tension between the two sides of the strait and forcibly bind the Taiwan military to the "Taiwan independence" chariot. However, the reality is that the disparity in military strength between the two sides of the strait, the normalization of cruises around the island by military warships of the People’s Liberation Army, and live-fire exercises in the Taiwan Strait all put the Taiwan military under unprecedented pressure. According to Taiwan media statistics, before the F-16 lost contact, there had been many major accidents in the Taiwan military this year, resulting in the death of 15 officers and men, which was an out-and-out "super disaster year". In the face of the counter-deterrence of the People’s Liberation Army, the Taiwan military has been tired of coping with it and accidents have continued. If the two sides of the strait really meet each other, what can those American-style equipment like patchwork be used for? Does the Taiwan military really want to act as cannon fodder for "Taiwan independence"?

　　For the sake of one party’s selfish interests, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities constantly incited cross-strait hostility and tried their best to cooperate with the United States to turn Taiwan Province into a so-called "fighting porcupine". In fact, they pushed the Taiwan military to the forefront of cross-strait conflicts and showed extreme disregard for the lives of Taiwan soldiers. As we all know, once the war breaks out, the scrap metal that these Taiwan authorities bought from the United States at a high price is useless at all. Just as the spokesman of the Ministry of National Defense issued a solemn warning to the "Taiwan independence" separatists, there is no way out to engage in confrontation, and it is even more a dead end to seek "independence" by force. Taiwan soldiers should be awake. (According to the Voice of China of the Central Radio and Television General Station)

　　

　　B-2 bomber (data)

　　Four b-2 bombers

　　The radar reflection area, which integrate various sophisticated technology, is only 0.1 square meters.

　　The US Air Force recently said: "Four B-2 Ghost bombers from Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri have been transferred and deployed to Anderson Air Force Base in Guam."

　　The B-2 strategic bomber developed by Northrop Grumman Company can reach 12,000 kilometers without refueling in the air, and 18,000 kilometers once refueling in the air. The air flight time of each mission is generally not less than 10 hours, and the US Air Force claims that it has the ability of "global arrival" and "global destruction". B-2A integrates all kinds of sophisticated technologies, and is praised by experts as "a milestone in the development history of military aircraft in the 20th century" because of its outstanding stealth performance. It is reported that the radar reflection cross section of B-52 bomber is 1000 square meters, that of MIG-29 is 25 square meters, that of B-LB is less than L square meters, and that of B-2A is less than 0.1 square meters, which is only equivalent to the radar reflection cross section of a bird in the sky, which makes it difficult for general radar to find it.

　　The two weapon bays of B-2 can hold Boeing’s rotary missile launchers, which can carry 16 AGM－129 advanced cruise missiles or 16 B61/B83 nuclear bombs, 80 227kg Mk82 bombs, 16 joint direct attack weapons, 16 908kg Mk84 bombs, 36 M117 incendiary bombs and 36 CBU-87/89/97.

　　

　　

　　Global Hawk Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft (data)

　　Six Global Hawk unmanned reconnaissance aircraft

　　The most advanced high-altitude long-haul spy fighter can shoot objects only 0.3 meters in size.

　　According to the Air Force Times, the US Air Force will deploy six Global Hawk unmanned reconnaissance aircraft at Anderson Air Force Base in Guam before 2009. In addition, the US military is still discussing with South Korea and Japan in Northeast Asia, Singapore and Malaysia in Southeast Asia, and plans to establish a Global Hawk unmanned strategic reconnaissance base in 11 countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　"Global Hawk" is the most advanced high-altitude long-endurance unmanned spy fighter in the world. It can fly continuously for 35 hours at an altitude of about 20,000 meters and a speed of about 630 kilometers per hour. It has certain invisibility and is unlikely to be hit by ground fire. Global Hawk’s aerial voyeurism is extraordinary. It is equipped with an electro-optical camera, an infrared camera and a synthetic aperture radar. It can conduct 24-hour aerial reconnaissance of ground or sea targets, including aerial shooting of targets with a size of 1 meter, and even shooting objects with a size of only 0.3 meter. The latest model of "Global Hawk" will also have the ability to eavesdrop in the air and intercept communication secrets such as military satellites of other countries. Once the "Global Hawk" hunts for information, it can be immediately and automatically transmitted to the US military through the satellite system.

　　Global Hawk also has some weaknesses. With a body of about 15 tons, it is difficult to resist the influence of bad weather. The cruising speed is only about 500 kilometers. Once it is bitten by a fighter or an air defense missile, it is difficult to get rid of the bad luck of being shot down.

　　

　　

　　The first ship of the Virginia class submarine of the US Navy is in the sea trial (data)

　　The noise of the world’s most advanced sonar system of Virginia attack nuclear submarine is only 1/10 of the submarine standard.

　　According to American media reports, the most advanced nuclear submarine of the US Navy, the "Virginia" attack nuclear submarine (see left), may be being deployed to Guam. According to the data of the US Navy, the "Virginia" nuclear submarine with a cost of about $2.2 billion is the first submarine specially developed by the US military to cope with the threat after the Cold War. It has powerful anti-submarine, anti-ship, long-range reconnaissance, special operations and the ability to accurately strike land targets with new Tomahawk cruise missiles. It will gradually replace the US Navy’s "Los Angeles" class attack nuclear submarine. The "Virginia" attack nuclear submarine is 114.8 meters long, with an underwater displacement of 7,800 tons, a diving depth of more than 245 meters and an underwater speed of 25 knots. There is no need to replenish nuclear fuel during its life. "Virginia" is said to be "the quietest submarine in the world", the noise is only 1/10 of today’s submarine standard, and the "Virginia" class in sailing is quieter than the "Los Angeles" class parked on the dock without stopping. "Virginia" submarine has 12 vertical launch tubes and 4 533mm torpedo tubes. The vertical launch tube can launch Tomahawk cruise missiles and Harpoon anti-ship missiles with various warheads. The boat is also equipped with lightning protection system, which has strong anti-torpedo ability.

　　This class submarine "has the most advanced sonar system in the world", which replaces the traditional periscope with the advanced photoelectric mast periscope and is equipped with the most advanced C4ISR combat system. It is said that the computing power of a "Virginia" class nuclear submarine exceeds the sum of the computing power of 65 "Sea Wolf" class submarines. What is particularly interesting is that the boat adopts the latest electronic chart, which can automatically process the data of the detection device, not only mark the azimuth or direction of the underwater target, but also calculate the distance to the underwater target. This is something that all submarines can’t achieve before. (Wang Jun)

　　

　　

　　Xinhua News: The British "Economist" published an article in the first issue on October 27th, entitled "Use your brain instead of bullets". The article said that there has been another round of debate about Iraq and Afghanistan in the United States, which may have a major impact on the West. The ongoing debate within the Pentagon is related to the future model of the US military. Since the alliances and obligations of the United States are spread all over the world, this superpower certainly wants to have a "complete set" of military capabilities, which can cope with all kinds of situations, from all-out wars to small-scale public security operations. However, the exact proportion of different abilities in it has caused more and more controversy, and it may cost a lot of money.

Editor: Cao Jin

　　On the morning of September 29th, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Ten Years in China", introducing the diplomatic work in the new era and answering reporters’ questions.

　　Ma Zhaoxu, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs introduced that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has accurately grasped the development trend of the world and the development process of China, correctly understood the relationship between China and the outside world, scientifically answered fundamental questions such as what kind of world should be promoted, what kind of international relations should be built, what kind of diplomacy China needs and how to conduct diplomacy under the new situation, and achieved a series of major theoretical and practical innovations in the diplomatic field.

　　Faced with the question of "what kind of world to build and how to build this world", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward an important concept of building a community of human destiny on the basis of in-depth thinking about the future and destiny of mankind, which pointed out the direction for human development and progress. Building a community of human destiny is the general goal of China’s diplomacy in the new era, and it has become a glorious banner leading the trend of the times.

　　The core connotation of the community of human destiny is to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. China is both an advocate and a practitioner of building a community of human destiny. Adhering to the concept of a global community of development and destiny, we persisted in discussing, building and sharing to promote the construction of the Belt and Road, and signed more than 200 cooperation documents with 149 countries and 32 international organizations to jointly build the Belt and Road. Thanks to the Belt and Road Initiative, East Africa has expressways, Maldives has a sea-crossing bridge, Laos has changed from a "land-locked country" to a "land-linked country", and China-Europe trains have also become an important "lifeline" to ensure the stability and smoothness of global logistics. Before China-Laos Railway opened to traffic last year, Lao students studying in China wrote to the Supreme Leader General Secretary to express their gratitude for the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　When the epidemic struck in the century, we always stood at the forefront of international anti-epidemic cooperation, shared epidemic prevention and treatment plans with more than 180 countries and international organizations, sent 38 medical expert groups to 34 countries, provided more than 2.2 billion doses of vaccines to more than 120 countries and international organizations, carried out the largest global emergency humanitarian action since the founding of New China, and promoted the construction of a human health community.

　　Building a community of human destiny is increasingly welcomed and supported by the international community, and it has achieved multiple leaps from "one party leading the singing" to "chorus". When General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered the keynote speech "Building a Community of Human Destiny Together" in Geneva, more than 800 guests at the scene gave more than 30 warm applause within 47 minutes. UN Secretary-General Guterres said that the purpose of practicing multilateralism is to build a community of human destiny. The concept of a community of human destiny has been fully reflected in the documents of the United Nations and other international organizations, and the construction of China-Africa community of destiny, China-Arab community of destiny, China-Latin America community of destiny, China-ASEAN community of destiny and China-Central Asia community of destiny is also being actively promoted. Since last year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has successively put forward global development initiatives and global security initiatives, further enriching the concept of a community of human destiny.

　　At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulent change, and the characteristics of world change, historical change and times change are more obvious. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we should be upright and innovative, persevere and make unremitting efforts to promote the innovation of diplomatic theory and practice, and constantly open up a new realm and situation of diplomacy with China as a big country.

　　Reconstruction project of old residential area with red star row tail.

　　Go to the grass-roots level in the new year

　　A few days ago, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government issued the "Action Program for Adhering to the Essence of the" 3820 "Strategic Engineering Thought and Accelerating the Construction of a Modern International City", proposing to build a more complete social security system and continuously enhance the sense of gain and happiness of the broad masses. In recent years, the continuous renovation of old housing areas in our city has improved the housing conditions of citizens and has been widely praised by the people. Residents involved in relocation often come to the project site to pay attention to the construction progress.

　　Residents involved in relocation

　　Pay attention to the construction progress

　　Yesterday, the reporter came to the reconstruction project plot of Taijiang Hongxing Paiwei contiguous old housing area at the intersection of Liuyi Middle Road and Paiwei Road. This is the site of Lanyue Garden project, and dozens of high-rise residential buildings have sprung up.

　　Because of the new construction method, the site looks neat. Although the Spring Festival has just ended, some workers have entered the site for construction. Outside the gate of the project site, the old couple Lin Yibo and Wang Yim are counting the floors and asking the doorman, "Can we go in and have a look?" Although they were explicitly rejected, the two old people were not upset and still inquired about the progress of the project construction with the doorman.

　　Wang Yim smiled and told reporters: "Our original house in Hongxing New Village was only over 60 square meters. When we moved, we paid more than 200,000 yuan and chose a large house of 90 square meters. Now that the relocation house has been selected, I am looking forward to moving to the new house as soon as possible. "

　　The doorman told the reporter that, like the two old people, the residents involved in the relocation came to the project and paid attention to the construction progress almost every day. The whole project was built little by little in the observation of the residents involved in the relocation.

　　The reporter learned from the relevant departments that the project currently under construction in Lanyue Garden Area 1 has completed the capping of the main structure and the construction of the roof filling and frame layer, and the adjacent three areas are in the basement construction and the upper main body construction stage.

　　It is understood that the renovation project of the old residential area in the red star row is a comprehensive residential project integrating high-end commercial housing, resettlement commercial housing and commercial comprehensive construction. With the completion of the project and the relocation of personnel, the area will be upgraded from the original "miscellaneous, chaotic and old" state to a noble and livable residential area. All this is just a microcosm of Fuzhou’s acceleration in filling the shortcomings of people’s livelihood infrastructure.

　　The resettlement commercial housing model has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts.

　　The reporter learned from the Municipal Housing Management Bureau that in August 2017, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government decided to launch the "2018-2020" three-year old renovation campaign, involving 106 contiguous old housing projects with poor living conditions and chaotic surrounding environment. This is the largest renovation of old housing areas in Fuzhou in recent years.

　　Through the three-year old renovation, the contiguous old housing areas such as Hongqiang New Village in Gulou District and its surrounding areas, along Gule Road, Hongxing Paiwei in Taijiang District, South Park, Sancha Street and Guozhai in Cangshan District, and Yangxia and Puxia in Jin ‘an District have been renovated.

　　In order to effectively ensure the effective promotion of the renovation of old housing areas, during the renovation, the city has formed an overall arrangement and scheduling mechanism for the renovation of old housing areas in urban areas. Once the new projects are determined, the local government will make clear the specific time node of net land delivery, do a good job of signing and relocating all houses in advance, and complete the net land delivery work in time.

　　In the renovation of contiguous old housing areas, the key link is to do a good job in resettling the residents involved. In order to solve the problem of relocation and resettlement from the source, in recent years, Fuzhou has pioneered the resettlement-type commercial housing model in China, and ensured that the resettlement work is fair, open and just. From the end of 2017, all land requisition and relocation projects in the city will solve the resettlement problem according to this model. At present, the operation of resettlement commercial housing in Fuzhou has been on the right track, and the efficiency, high quality and identity of resettlement commercial housing have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　The reporter learned that after the large-scale renovation of old housing areas in stages, Fuzhou has now started the precise renovation action. In 2019, Fuzhou started the accurate old renovation of scattered plots in urban areas, and comprehensively mapped out the old houses that are not within the scope of renovation of contiguous old houses and renovation and upgrading of old communities, are ordinary bungalows, C-class and D-class dangerous buildings, or have scattered plots that seriously affect the landscape, and implemented accurate renovation in batches according to factors such as the degree of housing danger, landscape renovation requirements, and residents’ willingness to renovate. In the past two years, a total of 223 precision transformation projects of sporadic plots have been implemented, benefiting more than 2,700 households.