Order of the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China

sequence　153　number

　　The "Regulations" of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs on the administration of statistical work, which was deliberated and adopted at the executive meeting on 29 August 2006, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of 1 November 2006. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Statistics System promulgated on November 21, 1994 shall be abolished at the same time.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Director Mou Xinsheng　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 September 12, 2006　　　

　

Provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Administration of Customs Statistics

　　the first　In order to standardize customs statistics and ensure the quality of statistical data, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Customs Statistics and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.
　　the second　These Provisions shall apply to the statistical work conducted by the customs on the trade of import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles according to law, as well as other relevant statistical work involving import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles.
　　Article　Customs statistics should adhere to the principles of accuracy, timeliness, scientific integrity and international comparability.
　　Article 4　The customs shall carry out statistical investigation according to law, comprehensively collect and review the original customs declaration materials of the consignor or agent of import and export goods, and summarize and sort out the statistical data.
　　Article 5　The customs shall conduct statistical analysis on the statistical data of import and export trade according to law, and study the characteristics, trends and laws of foreign trade operation.
　　The customs shall carry out real-time monitoring and dynamic early warning of import and export according to the statistical data of import and export trade and relevant macroeconomic statistics at home and abroad.
　　Article 6　The customs shall make use of the statistical data of the customs to carry out statistical supervision according to law, supervise the import and export behavior and process of enterprises, analyze and evaluate the customs law enforcement activities, and check and correct the acts of false reporting, concealment, forgery and tampering with statistical data.
　　The relevant departments and units shall promptly deal with the problems found by the customs statistics department and the suggestions made.
　　Article 7　The customs shall carry out statistical consulting services in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.
　　In addition to comprehensive statistical data published in accordance with the law and provided free of charge, the customs provides paid consulting services for import and export trade statistics.
　　Article 8　The scope of customs statistics includes goods that actually enter or leave the country and cause the increase or decrease of domestic material stocks, as well as articles that should be included in statistics according to law.
　　Article 9　Goods and articles that have not actually entered or left the country or that have actually entered or left the country but have not caused an increase or decrease in the domestic material stock are not included in customs statistics.
　　Article 10　The following goods are not included in customs statistics:
　　(1) Transit goods, transshipment goods and through goods;
　　Temporary import and export of goods;
　　(3) Currency in circulation as a means of international payments and gold for currency;
　　(4) Leased goods with a lease term of less than one year;
　　(5) Similar goods that are compensated or replaced free of charge by the carrier, consignor or insurance company of the import and export goods due to damage, shortage, poor quality or non-conformity of specifications;
　　(6) Returned goods;
　　(seven) border trade import and export goods;
　　(eight) aquatic products caught by China ships on the high seas;
　　(9) Fuel, materials and food added by ships or aircraft of China nationality in China; Fuel, materials, food and abandoned waste materials added overseas by means of transport of China nationality or foreign nationality;
　　(10) Samples or advertisements with no commercial value;
　　(11) Goods transferred between special customs supervision areas, bonded supervision places and between special customs supervision areas and bonded supervision places;
　　(12) Other goods not included in customs statistics.
　　Article 11　The following items are not included in customs statistics:
　　(a) repair items;
　　(2) Salvaged articles;
　　(3) Articles for personal use of inbound and outbound passengers (except automobiles);
　　(four) the official articles of Chinese embassies and consulates in foreign countries and foreign embassies and consulates in China, as well as the articles for personal use of embassy and consulate personnel;
　　(5) Official articles for entry and exit of Chinese troops stationed in Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and articles for personal use of military personnel;
　　(6) Other articles not included in customs statistics.
　　Article 12　For goods and articles that are not included in customs statistics, the customs may carry out individual statistics according to management needs.
　　The quantity and amount of individual statistics are not included in the quantity and total value of customs statistics.
　　Article 13　According to the needs of national economic development and customs supervision, the customs can adjust the statistical items of import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles; Conduct long-term or phased statistics on some statistical items of import and export goods and inbound and outbound articles.
　　The adjustment of statistical items shall be announced by the General Administration of Customs.
　　Article 14　The commodity names and codes of customs statistical items shall be classified and counted according to the commodity names and codes listed in the Catalogue of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Statistical Commodities.
　　The Catalogue of Statistical Commodities of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs was promulgated by the General Administration of Customs.
　　Article 15　Import and export goods shall be counted in accordance with the number (weight) of units of measurement specified in the Catalogue of Statistical Commodities of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs.
　　Where the goods are listed in the Catalogue of Statistical Commodities of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs with the second unit of measurement, the second quantity (weight) shall be counted according to the second unit of measurement at the same time.
　　Article 16　The prices of import and export goods are counted on the basis of the duty-paid price approved by the customs.
　　The price of imported goods is calculated according to the cost, insurance and freight (CIF price), and the price of exported goods is calculated according to the FOB price.
　　Article 17　The prices of import and export goods are calculated in US dollars and RMB respectively. If the prices of import and export goods are denominated in other foreign currencies, they shall be converted into US dollars and RMB respectively according to the monthly conversion rates of various foreign currencies to US dollars published by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange and the China Bank conversion price applicable to customs taxation.
　　Article 18　The country (region) of origin of imported goods shall be counted according to the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Origin of Import and Export Goods and the relevant provisions of the General Administration of Customs.
　　If the country (region) of origin of imported goods cannot be determined, statistics shall be made according to "country unknown".
　　Article 19　The final destination countries (regions) of export goods are counted according to the countries (regions) where export goods are known to be consumed, used or further processed.
　　The final destination country (region) is the country (region) where the exported goods are directly transported without transshipment by a third country (region).
　　For export goods transshipped through a third country (region), the country (region) to which they are finally transported is the final destination country (region).
　　If the final destination country (region) of the exported goods cannot be determined, statistics shall be made according to the final destination country (region) predicted as far as possible at the time of export.
　　Article 20　The countries (regions) of origin of imported goods are counted according to the countries (regions) where the goods are sent directly to China or arrived in China without any commercial transactions in the transit countries (regions).
　　For directly transported goods that are not transshipped by a third country (region), the country (region) where the loading port of the imported goods is located is the country (region) of departure.
　　If the import and export goods transshipped through a third country (region) have not been traded in the transit country (region), the country (region) of origin of the imported goods shall be the country (region) of departure; In case of commercial transactions in the transit country (region), the transit country (region) shall be the country (region) of departure.
　　Article 21　The arrival countries (regions) of export goods are counted according to the countries (regions) where export goods arrive directly from China or finally in transit countries (regions) without any commercial transactions.
　　For goods directly transported without transshipment through a third country (region), the country (region) where the port of shipment of the exported goods is located shall be the country (region) of arrival.
　　If the import and export goods transshipped through a third country (region) have not been traded in the transit country (region), the final destination country (region) of the export goods shall be the country (region) of arrival; Where a commercial transaction occurs in a transit country (region), the transit country (region) shall be regarded as the country (region) of arrival.
　　Article 22　The domestic destination of imported goods is counted according to the consumption, use or final arrival place of imported goods in China, where the final arrival place is the area where the final user is located.
　　If it is difficult to determine the final user unit, statistics shall be made according to the location of the final receiving unit predicted at the time of import of the goods.
　　Article 23　The domestic sources of export goods are counted according to the origin or original place of shipment of export goods in China.
　　If it is difficult to determine the place of production of export goods because they have changed means of transport many times in China, statistics shall be made according to the location of the unit that first shipped the export goods.
　　Article 24　Business units shall make statistics according to domestic legal persons, other organizations or individuals who have registered with the customs and engaged in import and export business activities.
　　Business units registered with the customs and authorized to engage in import and export business shall be provided with a national business unit code by the registered customs.
　　The code of business unit shall be managed by the competent customs where the business unit is located.
　　Article 25　The trade methods and goods counted separately by the customs (see Annex) shall be classified and counted according to the transaction forms of buyers and sellers of import and export goods and the requirements of customs supervision.
　　If the customs adjusts the trade mode according to the needs of national economic development and customs supervision, the General Administration of Customs will issue an announcement.
　　Article 26　The modes of transportation are counted according to waterway transportation, railway transportation, road transportation, air transportation, mail transportation and other modes of transportation.
　　The mode of transport of imported goods shall be counted according to the mode of transport when the goods arrive at the first port in China; The mode of transport of outbound goods shall be counted according to the mode of transport when the goods leave the last port in China.
　　The goods carried by inbound and outbound passengers are counted according to the means of transport they take.
　　Express goods imported and exported by non-postal means shall be counted according to the actual mode of transportation.
　　Goods transported by people, animals, pipelines, cables, conveyor belts, etc. shall be counted according to other modes of transportation.
　　Article 27　The imported goods shall be counted according to the customs release date; The export goods shall be counted according to the customs clearance date.
　　Import transit goods shall be counted according to the date of customs release at the place of shipment; The export transit goods shall be counted according to the customs clearance date at the place of departure.
　　Statistical data such as monthly and annual reports of customs statistics are compiled according to the Gregorian calendar month and Gregorian calendar year respectively.
　　Article 28　Import and export goods shall be counted according to the customs that accept the declaration.
　　The imported transit goods shall be counted according to the customs at the destination where the declaration is accepted; The export transit goods shall be counted according to the customs at the place of departure where the declaration is accepted.
　　Article 29　The original data of customs statistics include customs declaration forms such as People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Import Goods Declaration Form, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Export Goods Declaration Form, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Bonded Area Entry Goods Filing List, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Bonded Area Exit Goods Filing List, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Export Processing Zone Entry Goods Filing List, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Export Processing Zone Entry Goods Filing List, etc., as well as attached documents and relevant electronic data.
　　Except in special circumstances, the original paper data of customs statistics shall be kept for 3 years from the date of deregulation of import and export goods; Long-term preservation of electronic data of customs statistics.
　　The statistical data of the national customs shall be managed by the comprehensive statistical department of the General Administration of Customs, and the statistical data of the customs directly under it shall be managed by the statistical department of the customs directly under it.
　　Article 30　Customs statistical information is the relevant statistical information collected and sorted based on the original data of customs statistics.
　　The customs shall regularly publish statistical information to the public, and announce the publication time of the monthly report and annual report of the next year in December each year.
　　Article 31　The General Administration of Customs shall provide relevant comprehensive statistical data to the relevant departments of the State Council regularly and free of charge. The customs directly under the Central Government shall provide relevant comprehensive statistical data to the relevant departments of the local people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government on a regular and free basis.
　　Customs comprehensive statistics include the following contents:
　　(a) the total import and export value of each region;
　　(two) the total value of import and export commodities;
　　(three) the total import and export value of the country (region);
　　(4) List of import and export values of major commodities;
　　(five) the total value of the nature of the import and export trade;
　　(six) the total import and export value of the mode of transportation;
　　(seven) analysis report reflecting the overall progress of import and export, import and export monitoring and early warning information, etc.
　　Article 32　Customs statisticians have the obligation to keep confidential the state secrets, commercial secrets and customs work secrets they know in the statistical process.
　　Article 33　Without the authorization of the customs, no unit or individual may sell customs statistics and electronic customs statistics without authorization.
　　Article 34　If the customs statistics department has doubts about the contents declared in the original statistical data, it may directly make inquiries to the parties concerned to verify the relevant contents, and the parties concerned shall give a timely and truthful reply.
　　If the statistical items that should be declared according to law are not declared or the false declaration affects the accuracy of customs statistics, the customs shall order the parties concerned to make corrections in addition to handling them according to law.
　　Article 35　Customs statisticians shall abide by the provisions of the Customs Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Statistics Law of the People’s Republic of China, and shall not tamper with customs statistics or fabricate false data by themselves, participate in or instruct them.
　　Customs statisticians have the right to refuse, expose and stop human interference that affects the objectivity and authenticity of customs statistics.
　　Article 36　Customs statisticians who neglect their duties, abuse their powers or engage in malpractices for selfish ends shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
　　Article 37　If the items that should be declared according to law have not been declared or the false declaration affects the accuracy of customs statistics, in addition to ordering the parties to make corrections, administrative punishment is needed, and it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on the Implementation of Administrative Punishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs.
　　Article 38　The General Administration of Customs shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Provisions.
　　Article 39　These Provisions shall come into force as of November 1, 2006. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Customs Statistics System promulgated on November 21, 1994 shall be abolished at the same time.
　　Annex: 1. Trade methods of customs statistics
　　　　　2. Goods with individual statistics

　

Annex 1

Trade mode of customs statistics

　　General trade
　　2. Materials provided by countries or international organizations free of charge.
　　3. Donate materials
　　4. Compensation trade
　　5. Processing and assembly trade with supplied materials
　　6. Feed processing trade
　　7. Consignment and consignment trade
　　8. Small border trade
　　9. Processing trade imported equipment
　　10. Export goods for foreign contracted projects
　　11. Leasing trade
　　12. Equipment or articles imported by foreign-invested enterprises as investment.
　　13. Export processing trade
　　14. Barter trade
　　15.duty-free foreign exchange goods
　　16 bonded warehouse inbound and outbound storage of transit goods
　　17. Inbound and outbound storage of transit goods in bonded areas
　　18. Imported equipment in export processing zones
　　19.others

　

Annex 2

Single-item goods

　　1. duty-free goods
　　2. Re-import of refined oil products from processing trade.
　　3. Feed processing to domestic goods
　　4. Processing of incoming materials into domestic goods
　　5. Processing trade to domestic equipment
　　6. Feed deep processing and carry-over goods
　　7. Carry-over goods from deep processing of incoming materials
　　8. Processing trade carry-over equipment
　　9. Feed processing and carry-over of surplus materials
　　10. Carry-over surplus materials from processing with supplied materials.
　　11. Return the goods
　　12. Feed and process re-export materials.
　　13. Processing materials for re-export with supplied materials
　　14. Processing trade returned equipment
　　15. Goods transported from bonded area to non-bonded area
　　16. Goods transported from non-bonded areas into bonded areas
　　17. Goods returned from bonded areas
　　18 bonded warehouse to domestic goods
　　19. Goods deposited in export supervised warehouses in China.
　　20. Goods returned from export supervised warehouses
　　21. Goods transported outside the export processing zone
　　22. Goods transported into and out of the export processing zone.
　　23. Goods transported outside the bonded logistics park
　　24. Goods transported from the area into the bonded logistics park
　　25. Goods transported from the bonded logistics center (Type A and B) outside the center.
　　26. Goods transported from the center into the bonded logistics center (Type A and B)
　　Transit goods
　　28. Other goods requiring individual statistics.

Special topic: Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan

　　　　Yesterday morning, Cangxi County of Guangyuan contacted our reporter and urgently requested material assistance from all walks of life in Zhongshan, including 5,000 disaster relief tents, 5,000 beds of disaster relief quilts, 106,000 sets of clothes, 1,060 tons of instant food, 800 tons of plastic film, 500 sets of generators, and a batch of disaster-resistant drugs was urgently needed. To this end, Cangxi County People’s Government also specially sent a letter of help to Zhongshan Red Cross Society.

　　　　-Dialogue: In a day or two, the county magistrate who was short of food was so anxious that he cried.

　　　　Yesterday morning, Cui Yufeng, deputy head of Cangxi County, contacted our reporter, hoping to seek help from all walks of life in Zhongshan City through this newspaper.

　　　　Reporter: Compared with the hardest hit areas, is your disaster situation better?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: Nearly 60,000 farmers have no food and no water to drink now.

　　　　Reporter: Can you be more specific?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: Our county is located on the edge of Qinba Mountain range, in the east of Qingchuan. When the earthquake happened, there were few casualties. We are very fortunate. However, farmers’ houses have basically collapsed. At present, 55,500 people are homeless. All of them live in fields and in sheds made of door panels and plastic sheets taken from the ruins. Because the reservoir was damaged and the electricity was not restored, these people now have no water to drink; The situation in Qingchuan is more serious than ours. In order to support them, we gave all the more than 100 tons of food rescued by the county to Qingchuan. Now 55,500 people have no place to live, no water to drink and no food to eat.

　　　　These days, we (county leaders) are crying with anxiety, trying to ensure food and shelter for the victims, but now we really can’t hold on, and we will run out of food in a day or two.

　　　　Reporter: Why do you think of asking Zhongshan for help?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: The disasters in Wenchuan and Beichuan are more serious than ours, and the state gives priority to helping them. We understand very well. We are an old revolutionary base area, and we don’t want to add burden to our country at this time. Our county leaders are looking for relationships in other places, looking for classmates and friends working in other places, hoping to help us. The Pearl River Delta, especially Zhongshan, is economically developed, and the citizens are charitable. We hope that enterprises and citizens in Zhongshan will help us.

　　　　Reporter: What kind of material assistance do you need?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: At present, there is an urgent need for 5,000 disaster relief tents, 5,000 beds of disaster relief quilts, 106,000 sets of clothes, 1,060 tons of instant food, 800 tons of plastic film, 500 sets of generators and a batch of disaster relief drugs.

　　　　Reporter: Can the materials go in?

　　　　Cui Yufeng: Rural roads are basically damaged, so it is impossible to go directly to towns. However, the road from Nanchong City to Cangxi County can still be opened to traffic. If there is assistance, you can go to Nanchong first and then to Cangxi.

　　　　Letter for help (excerpt)

　　　　Red Cross Society of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province:

　　　　Our county was affected by the earthquake of magnitude 8 in Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, and there were aftershocks about 5 minutes long, which brought serious losses to people’s lives and property. As of May 18th, it has caused direct economic losses of more than 6.3 billion yuan. Eight people were killed and 225 injured in the county, including 83 seriously injured, 16,700 houses and 61,400 houses collapsed, 55,500 people were homeless, 30 livestock and poultry were killed, 98 reservoirs were damaged, more than 30,000 small water conservancy and biogas facilities were damaged, 2,922 kilometers of roads were damaged, and the value of power and communication facilities was more than 32.6 million yuan.

　　　　At present, all kinds of earthquake relief work in our county are being carried out vigorously, orderly and effectively. Because our county is a national poverty-stricken county, its financial resources are very weak, the people’s income is low, and its self-help ability is very weak. Although we actively fight against disasters and save ourselves with the help of the county, there are still more than 50,000 homeless people, and the people’s life is very difficult. Students can’t resume classes, patients are still moaning outdoors, and infrastructure such as houses, roads, water conservancy and communications need to be repaired urgently.

　　　　Your city has developed economy and abundant financial resources, and has a fine tradition of supporting the disaster-stricken areas. At a time when people in our county are in dire straits and suffering from disasters, we hope that your society will pay attention to the disaster situation in our county, carry forward the humanitarian spirit, extend your warm hands, give your love and give us help and support, and the 780,000 people in the county will be grateful.

　　　　Cangxi county people’s government

　　　　May 20, 2008

　　　　Coordinator: Reporter He Tao

　　　　Written by: Reporter Yang Tongfeng Huang Wenxue Wang Wenjie Deng Shaojun Correspondent Chen Weiming

Don’t cry, we are together!	Hit the scene directly
Premier Wen Jiabao’s solemn expression was inspected by boat. Premier Wen: We will never give up lightly. The Prime Minister encouraged everyone to build their homes in Qingchuan. Premier visits injured children in Wenchuan The Prime Minister’s hoarse voice appeased the victims. The Prime Minister encouraged orphans to face the disaster bravely. Premier comforts victims in the rain: everyone has suffered. The Prime Minister went to the disaster area to help children. The Prime Minister climbed the broken wall and shouted to the masses.	Instantaneous picture of Anxian earthquake in Sichuan Province	Buried girl: I believe you will save me.
	Direct hit: DV shoots the moment of earthquake. Direct hit: Ten minutes after Wenchuan earthquake. Direct hit: the monitoring record shows that the building is obviously shaking. Direct hit: the girl who was buried for 56 hours was reborn. Direct hit: Dujiangyan broken bridge is clearly visible after aerial photography. Reporter witnessed: Beichuan after the earthquake Video: Zhang Hanyu experienced the earthquake and recalled the shocking moment. Video: earthquake witnesses tell the moment of shock Direct hit: Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County after the aerial photography earthquake. Direct attack: there is a cry for help in the collapsed ruins of Dujiangyan Chinese Medicine Hospital. Direct hit: rescue site in disaster area: carrying out a trapped group Direct hit: damaged pictures along the way from Mianyang to Beichuan Directly hit the disaster site in Beichuan County: the road was twisted into a twist. Witness: the middle school building collapsed and the students’ bodies were constantly found. Witness: Beichuan County collapsed in a large area. Witness: aerial photography of earthquake-stricken areas
	we unite to conquer the earthquake
	CCTV hosts the anchor station with tears.	Teachers use their lives to clear the way for students.
	Video: Young girls in the flower season bravely save their classmates from amputation Video: Rescuers are tired and dizzy on the front line Video: The old man was buried in the ruins for 48 hours and hugged his dead wife in his arms. Video: Jackie Chan recorded "Life and Death" and cried while singing. Video: Wolong Survivor: A survival machine with a note. Video: Officers and men risked their lives to rescue trapped students in the aftershock. Video: Brick-digging officers and soldiers "grab" four lives in the rain. Video: Armed police soldiers pulled out a trapped child with their hands. Video: The First Artillery Corps of Chengdu Military Region arrived in Wenchuan on foot. Video: Doctors stick to their posts to rescue critically ill patients. Video: College students in the capital actively donate blood to the disaster area. Video: France　 Overseas Chinese in the United States enthusiastically donated money to the earthquake-stricken areas. Video: All walks of life in Taiwan Province enthusiastically donated money and materials to support earthquake relief.

An earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province.
Summary of casualties The death toll in Sichuan earthquake-stricken areas increased to 41,353.
Wenchuan　　Aftershocks of magnitude 6-7 may occur near Wenchuan earthquake area.　 Sichuan Maoxian-Wenchuan highway is open.
site　　Two trapped people give in to each other and save each other first.　Primary school teachers sacrificed to save their children.　Yingxiu found more than 50 survivors.
conditions of a disaster　 An aftershock of magnitude 5.0 occurred at 1: 52 on May 20th in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province.　　　More than 90% of Chaping Township in Anxian County was razed to the ground.
experience personally　 The girl lost her loved ones and bit the airborne troops. 　The official issued aftershock warning. Many citizens in Chongqing went out to prevent earthquakes.
see with one’s own eyes　 The girl was buried, her hands and feet were necrotic, and she was forced to amputate. She woke up and asked her mother for her hand.　The police held their son’s body and kept guns all night.
donate　 Li Ka-shing donates another 100 million yuan for education in disaster areas.　Dedication of Love-Fundraising activities raised more than 1.5 billion yuan.
rescue　 A villager in Shiba Township, Qingchuan County was rescued 164 hours after the earthquake.　20,000 people trapped in 5 townships of Qingpihe, Beichuan.
traffic　 Beichuan dammed lake flooded the highway along the river.　Seven vehicles were swallowed up by mudslides. The public are not allowed to drive to the disaster area.
soldier　"Amphibious Lady Enforcers" disaster area blooms.　28 rescue officers and soldiers may be killed or their whereabouts are unknown.
press conference The State Council held a press conference on earthquake relief and medical assistance.
Psychological counseling: melting sadness with warmth	Candlelight mourning for compatriots
Russian rescue team is in the earthquake zone	A villager in Qingchuan County was rescued 164 hours after the earthquake.
Lack of heavy equipment, great wall of my flesh and blood	Mianzhu erected a "thank you card"

Editor: Xiao Jinping

　　According to the "Dongguan Released" WeChat WeChat official account News, the Office of novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters in Dongguan issued a notice on November 27th. According to the current needs of epidemic prevention and control, in order to ensure the life safety and health of the broad masses of people, on the basis of implementing the Notice of the Office of novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters in Dongguan (No.69), we hereby further strengthen the work of epidemic prevention and control in the whole city as follows:

　　First, advocate that the public should not leave Dongguan unless necessary, minimize social activities, and refrain from gathering, gathering, having dinner, going to crowded places and keeping a safe social distance.

　　Second, all people from other provinces and cities who come to (return to) Dongguan should report on the "I Dongguan Home" APP in advance, and those who have not reported must make a supplementary report within 6 hours after arriving in Dongguan. After arriving in Dongguan, the measures of "landing inspection" and "three days and three inspections" should be strictly implemented, and the negative results of "landing inspection" should be strictly at home or in the hotel. Don’t go out unless necessary, don’t gather, don’t have dinner, don’t go to crowded places (including but not limited to catering service places, farmers’ markets, shopping malls and supermarkets, closed business places, etc.), and avoid taking public transportation. On the fifth day, the nucleic acid was detected again. In principle, if the "three days and three inspections" are not implemented, they will not return to their posts or take up their posts.

　　Three, to enter the commercial office buildings, office buildings (administrative halls), factories, enterprises, logistics parks, industrial parks, construction sites, farmers’ markets, wholesale markets, shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, restaurants and other crowded places, you must rely on a 48-hour negative nucleic acid certificate.

　　Four, the town street (Park) closed business premises including but not limited to karaoke (KTV), cinemas, theaters, chess and card rooms (Mahjong Hall), Internet cafes, book bars, bars, script killings, escape from the secret room, gymnasiums, indoor swimming pools, sauna massage (SPA), foot massage, health pavilion (physiotherapy hall) and so on are closed. Other towns and streets (parks) are limited to 50% open.

　　Five, organs, enterprises and institutions have the conditions of the internal canteen to implement peak-shifting, time-sharing dining. Farmers’ markets, wholesale markets, shopping malls and supermarkets in the city are 75% open, reducing crowd gathering activities.

　　6. From November 28th to December 2nd, advocate qualified enterprises, employees and citizens to work at home or use the minimum office mode to minimize the flow and gathering of people.

　　This circular shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Where it is inconsistent with Circular No.68, this circular shall prevail, and it shall be dynamically adjusted according to the epidemic situation and prevention and control requirements. In towns and streets where local epidemics occur, the relevant prevention and control measures will be strictly implemented according to the notice of the territory. Enterprises and individuals who fail to perform their main responsibilities and comply with the relevant provisions on epidemic prevention and control promulgated by the state, provinces and municipalities will be held accountable according to law.

In the autumn of 1347, the twilight of Europe shone on the sparkling sea, and merchant ships slowly sailed into the port of Messina in Sicily, Italy. These ships from Genoa not only brought precious goods from the East, but also mysterious exotic customs and wealth, which disturbed the tranquility of Europe in the Middle Ages under the impetus of sea breeze. People are busy exchanging goods in the port, enjoying the prosperity and joy brought by business, but no one expected that the shadow of death had quietly come.

The source of the plague is those rats in groups in the cabin. They carry the deadly Yersinia pestis and quietly penetrate into every corner of the port. All these disasters originated from the battlefield in Mongolia. At that time, when the Mongolian army besieged Kafa City, it threw the infected bodies into the city and infected the residents in the city. With the footsteps of businessmen and rats, the plague spread from the Middle East to Europe.

The port of Messina became the first battlefield of the Black Death. With the continuous navigation of merchant ships, the plague spread like wildfire and swept across Italy. It mercilessly took countless lives, turned the vibrant and lively city into a dead ruin, and the laughter of the past was replaced by the silence of death.

Boccaccio, a great literary master at that time, vividly described the horror brought by this disaster in decameron. On the street, people suddenly fell down, and the bodies at home rotted, giving off a stench, until the neighbors noticed that death was coming quietly. Piles of bodies were transported to the church, and the cemetery could no longer accommodate them. The citizens had to dig huge potholes outside the city and bury the bodies in batches.

Under the shadow of this death, people’s hearts are full of helplessness and fear. Many people tried to escape from this disaster, eager to escape the shadow of death. However, the flight of most people only made the spread of the plague more rapid. The Catholic Church sternly appealed to believers not to escape, but in endless despair, people began to look for various ways to survive.

A heretical belief called "whipping school" came into being at this time. Believers beat themselves with whips, trying to redeem their sins in this extreme way and praying for God’s forgiveness. However, neither escape, prayer nor self-punishment can stop the pace of death, and the Black Death is still raging.

The plague has reduced Italy’s population by more than one third, and the death rate in the worst-hit areas is as high as 35% to 40%. This unprecedented disaster immersed Italy in deep sorrow and despair, but it also promoted the process of history. Under the heavy pressure of death, people began to reflect and think.

This disaster has revealed the importance of medicine and knowledge. In response to this epidemic, in April 1348, Florence City Council set up an epidemic prevention committee and began to implement the isolation system. The government issues health certificates to uninfected people and severely punishes those who violate the isolation regulations. Although this measure failed to completely eradicate the plague, it provided valuable experience for future generations’ epidemic prevention work, and the isolation and quarantine system gradually became one of the important methods to deal with the epidemic.

At the same time, the spread of the Black Death broke the shackles of medieval theology on people’s thoughts. People began to reflect on blind worship and superstition, and longed for the power of reason and knowledge. The theological concept of anti-intelligence is pale and powerless in the face of the horror of plague. People began to tend to explore science and rationality, and the seeds of the Renaissance quietly took root in this longing, and gradually blossomed with the passage of time.

Such as Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and other great artists and scientists, their wisdom and talent have opened a new chapter in human history. Italy, a land that was hit hard by the Black Death, eventually became the cradle of the Renaissance, which deeply influenced the history and culture of Europe as a whole. It is against this background of pain and despair that the Italians found the spark of hope, lit the glory of civilization, once again lit up the whole of Europe and pushed the wheel of history forward.

In the mixed circle, there is a saying that there are only two kinds of hybrids in the world, one is Toyota hybrid and the other is others. This is enough to prove the recognition of Toyota THS hybrid system in the industry. Today, we will talk about the planetary gear mechanism, the core component of this world-renowned hybrid system.

Toyota THS hybrid system is mainly composed of Atkinson cycle engine, permanent magnet motor, planetary gear mechanism, generator, high-performance nickel-hydrogen battery, power control unit and power control unit.

The core of the whole system is this planetary gear mechanism, that is, the E-CVT transmission in the media population. However, although it is called a transmission, it does not have such complex mechanisms as clutches, torque converters or gear shafts in the traditional transmission system, and it is a power distribution mechanism specially prepared for hybrid vehicles (the official name of Toyota).

So what are the advantages and disadvantages of Toyota’s system, and what are the differences between them compared with other hybrid systems on the market? This article will be reflected one by one.

1. Why does Toyota develop the E-CVT transmission?

E-CVT transmission is the key to the whole hybrid system, and the original intention of all hybrid systems can actually be attributed to energy saving and emission reduction, as was Toyota’s launch of THS that year.

In the early 1990s, the words such as "sustainable development", "global warming" and "greenhouse effect" began to be known around the world. Under this background, Toyota began to study "automobile development model in the 21st century" and launched a project called "G21" (G stands for Globe 21 and stands for 21st century). Toyota Hybrid Power System (THS) also began to sprout at this stage.

In 1995, Toyota released the Prius hybrid concept car at the Tokyo Motor Show. Two years later, in 1997, Toyota’s first generation Prius hybrid car went on sale in Japan, which was Toyota’s first mass production model based on THS hybrid system and the first model born under the Toyota MC platform.

Here, Toyota’s hybrid world door is officially opened.

Second, at present, the THS hybrid system has developed to which generation, and which models are it mounted on?

As mentioned above, the core of THS system is actually the E-CVT transmission, that is, the planetary gear set, and the iterative upgrade of Toyota THS system is almost around the planetary gear set.

The first generation THS hybrid system was born in 1997, and it was first mounted on Prius. Its planetary gear set consists of three parts: sun gear, planet carrier and outer ring gear, which correspond to three power sources in turn: the engine is connected with the planet carrier; Sun gear is connected with the MG1 motor; The gear ring is connected with the MG2 motor.

Through precise and complex control, this planetary gear set can shunt the engine and use the motor to adjust the speed, so that the engine has been in an efficient working range, so as to achieve the purpose of saving fuel.

In 2003, Toyota introduced the second generation THS hybrid system, but the upgrade of the second generation THS hybrid system was mainly in the aspect of electronic control, and the structure of E-CVT transmission did not change much.

In 2009, Toyota introduced the third generation THS (officially called the second generation, but the industry prefers to call it the third generation). Compared with the second generation THS, it added another planetary row on the basis of the original planetary row. The second planetary row is connected with the gear ring of the first planetary row, the MG2 motor is connected with the sun gear, and the planet carrier is fixed, as shown below:

In this way, the second planetary row becomes the deceleration mechanism of MG2 driving motor, and the output torque is increased by reducing the rotation speed, so the third generation THS of Toyota has better power performance than the previous two generations. Not only that, because of the addition of a first-stage reducer, the cumbersome chain drive was replaced by a lighter and smaller gear drive, which greatly improved the transmission efficiency.

However, due to the limitation of planetary gear structure, the speed of MG2 driving motor is limited by the limit speed of MG1, so the speed of this system in pure electric mode cannot be very high (about 70km/h).

In order to better adapt to the development of the industry, Toyota introduced the fourth generation THS in 2015. In terms of structure, the most significant change in this upgrade is to change the planetary gear added by THS-III into a parallel shaft gear, and at the same time put the MG2 driving motor in the side position.

The obvious advantage is that the axial dimension of this system is reduced by 47mm, which is undoubtedly a technological innovation in the horizontal platform with an inch of land and gold. It can not only adapt to engines with larger displacement, but also make the power of MG2 driving motor higher.

In addition, Toyota also introduced a plug-in hybrid system based on the fourth generation THS in 2016. Its main change is to add a single clutch between the engine and the MG1 motor.

The function of the one-way clutch is that when the MG1 motor participates in the driving function (more often used for starting and generating electricity), it will not drive the engine to rotate together, and at the same time, it forms a dual-motor drive with the MG2 driving motor.

The structural diagram of this one-way clutch is as follows. The structure determines that it can only rotate in one direction.

From the year, Toyota E-CVT has gone through several iterations, as shown in the following figure:

(first generation THS)

(second generation THS)

(third generation THS)

(fourth generation THS)

In addition, there are hybrid systems applied to vertical platforms (the version code has not been found yet), such as Lexus LS and Lexus GS. Compared with the ordinary version of THS hybrid system, it connects a 4AT in series to simulate 10 gears. The result of this combination, on the one hand, is conducive to improving the speed, for example, the pure electric maximum speed of LS500h can reach 140km/h, on the other hand, it is more accelerated.

The four-wheel drive system applied to Erffa and Lexus LM is composed of an E-Four electric four-wheel drive with a separate motor in the rear axle, which is not much different from Toyota THS in structure.

At present, Toyota THS models that have been introduced into China include: Camry, Highlander, Saina, Willanda, Lei Ling, Visa, C-HR, Corolla, RAV4 Rongfang, Asia Dragon, Crown Lu Fang, Lingfang HARRIER, Yize IZOA, Erffa and Wilfa; Lexus brands include lexus ES, Lexus RX, Lexus NX, Lexus LS, Lexus UX, Lexus LM, Lexus CT, Lexus LC and Lexus GS(2016, 2014 and 2012 models).

(Toyota)

(Lexus department)

III. Detailed explanation of E-CVT (officially called THS-II version)

3.1, structural composition

The core of E-CVT is this planetary gear set, which consists of sun gear, planetary carrier (including planetary gears) and external gear ring, which are connected with MG1 motor, engine output shaft and main reducer in turn, as shown in the following figure:

We can find that as long as the state of one mechanism is determined, the rotation of the other two mechanisms can also be determined. For example, if the external gear ring is stationary and the sun gear rotates, it will inevitably drive the planet carrier to rotate, which is the starting process of the vehicle.

Moreover, it is worth noting that the diameters and teeth numbers of the external gear, the sun gear and the planetary gear are fixed, which means that the torque of the engine will always be distributed to the sun gear and the external gear in proportion, and the specific value is about 72% to the external gear and 28% to the sun gear. Once the engine is running, this basic fact will not change.

In addition, due to the structural limitation of the planetary gear set, the gear ratio between the outer ring gear and the sun gear is 2.6, that is, when the outer ring gear rotates once, sun gear has to rotate 2.6 times. As a result, the speed of the M2 motor is limited by the limit speed of the M1 motor of 6,500 revolutions, which is only 2,500 revolutions, corresponding to the speed of the vehicle of 43 miles per hour, that is, about 70 kilometers per hour.

3.2, working mode

Toyota’s THS-II system can essentially realize a variety of working modes, one is pure electricity, the other is hybrid (both B and C in the picture below can be regarded as hybrid), and the other is kinetic energy recovery mode, which we will explain in turn from easy to difficult.

First, the pure electric mode. In the pure electric low load state, the battery drives the MG2 motor, and the power is transmitted to the front axle differential by MG2, which finally drives the wheels. However, because the outer gear ring of the planetary gear is hard connected with the M2 motor, it will also follow the rotation. At this time, the engine connected with the planetary carrier has internal resistance, and the power will be transmitted to sun gear, that is, M1 generator with smaller internal resistance through the planetary gear, so that it rotates in the opposite direction, and the generator is in a state of idling without generating electricity.

In the pure electric load state, at this time, the one-way clutch of the engine output shaft intervenes, the planet carrier remains motionless, the MG1 generator starts to act as a motor, the power is transmitted to the outer ring gear through the sun gear, and the wheel is transmitted to the front axle differential through the parallel shaft, and finally the vehicle is driven forward together with MG2.

The kinetic energy recovery mode is better understood. When the vehicle is decelerating, the wheels will drive MG2 and MG1 in turn, making them act as a generator.

Hybrid mode:

Compared with the first two working modes, the hybrid mode can reflect the essence of the whole system of E-CVT. When the motor power can no longer meet the demand, or the battery power is not enough, the engine needs to start and intervene at this time.

However, the engine of this system has no traditional starting mechanism, so at this time, the MG1 motor needs to turn from reverse rotation to forward rotation, so as to drive the planet carrier to rotate, and this speed will reach the efficient range of engine operation, and then the engine will start with fuel injection.

As we mentioned earlier, once the engine rotates, the torque of the engine will be transferred to the outer ring gear and sun gear, and at this time, the outer ring gear will transfer the power to the front axle differential coupled with it to drive the wheels together with the MG2 driving motor; Sun gear will drive the MG1 motor to generate electricity, which will be provided to the MG2 drive motor.

When we step on the accelerator deeply, or when we are at full load, there are three power flows. Except that part of the torque of the above engine drives the wheels and part of the torque drives the MG1 generator to supply power to MG2, the battery of the vehicle itself will also supply power to the MG2 motor, so that the vehicle can output the maximum power.

Another mode is in-situ power generation, in which all the engine power drives the MG1 generator to charge the battery. Perhaps some readers have found it here. Didn’t you say that as long as the engines move together, the torque must be distributed to the outer ring gear and sun gear in proportion?

(In-situ charging)

There is actually no conflict here, because in the in-situ power generation mode, the battery will supply power to the MG2 motor, provide a reverse torque, and lock the external gear ring.

3.3, control strategy

The structure of planetary gear set is not complicated, but the control unit of the whole system is difficult. After the engine starts and the system enters the hybrid, how to distribute the power?

First of all, we know that the MG1 motor can be regulated, and according to the relationship between planetary gears, the torque of engine torque distributed to the outer ring gear can be calculated. When the driver steps on the accelerator pedal, the system will judge the power required by the engine according to the accelerator opening and the SOC value of the battery. When the vehicle speed is low, most of the power of the engine will be distributed to NG1 for power generation, part of the power will be used to drive the wheels, and the rest will be supplemented by M2 motor.

When the vehicle speed is high, the engine will use most of the power to drive the wheels, and only a small part will be used to generate electricity, and the MG2 motor will assist in driving.

If the vehicle happens to be in the highest thermal efficiency range of the engine, the MG1 motor will get stuck, and the MG2 motor will idle, at this time, the power is completely provided by the engine.

From the above, we can also draw another conclusion: the engine is responsible for the main power output, which is used to maintain SOC balance and respond to the total power request; The generator is used for speed regulation, and its purpose is always to control the engine speed at the target working point; The motor is mainly responsible for supplementing the torque to ensure that the driver’s torque request is guaranteed.

IV. Advantages and Disadvantages of E-CVT

The E-CVT transmission has two advantages. First, the smoothness of driving. The planetary gear set replaces the transmission, and there will be no sense of frustration in shifting gears. At the same time, the system is simple in structure and more reliable in theory.

Secondly, this system can keep the engine in an efficient running range through the power split of planetary gear sets and the speed regulation of the motor, and make the fuel economy higher. We should know that the measured fuel consumption of the third-generation Prius was 4.3L/100km when it went on the market in 2009. It reached this fuel consumption level 10 years ago, which can be said to be ahead of the whole era.

Although the advantages are obvious, this set of E-CVT also has some inherent defects, mainly because of the restrictions brought by the gear structure. For example, the gear ratio of the planetary gear set limits the speed range of the engine, and at the same time, it needs to drive the generator to generate electricity, which cannot release all the power. Moreover, the more transmission paths of the gear set, the greater the energy loss; In the high-efficiency operation range of the engine, the power cannot be completely transmitted to the wheels, and it needs to be converted twice by charging or electric drive.

5. What is the current reputation of E-CVT?

Generally speaking, due to the special type of gearbox, E-CVT will not produce friction when working, and will not wear without friction, with better durability and low failure rate.

From the market reputation, we can also see the reliability of this system, and there are almost no complaints about the failure of E-CVT transmission, which also reflects its leading quality.

VI. Comparison of E-CVT Technology

Due to the limitation of patents, there are not many E-CVT with planetary gear sets as the core. Besides Toyota’s, the most famous one is the universal Volt dual-mode hybrid system (in fact, GM’s patent in this respect is earlier than Toyota’s), which also takes planetary gear sets as the core.

Structurally, the MG2 of the universal Volt is connected with the sun gear, the output shaft is connected with the planetary carrier, and the power is output to the wheels, while the gear ring is connected with the shell or the motor MG1 according to the actual operation. Through the combination and separation of clutches C1 and C2 and brake B1, GM Volt can realize various operation modes, as shown in the following table.

Compared with Toyota’s E-CVT, although the Volt structure of GM is similar, the direction of power split is completely different, which is also the product of Toyota’s racking their brains under the blockade of GM’s patents.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that although the Volt is more similar to Toyota’s YHS in structure, consumers compare more with Honda’s i-MMD hybrid and Toyota’s THS hybrid, so we also make a comparative analysis of them.

First of all, in terms of structure, Honda’s i-MMD system consists of engine, generator, driving motor, power separation device (E-CVT), PCU and lithium battery.

One of the key differences lies in the E-CVT. Compared with Toyota’s complex planetary gears, Honda’s i-MMD completes the power split through very few gear sets and clutches, and we have to know that one more transmission path of power leads to one more loss.

Compared with Toyota’s THS, Honda’s i-MMD is characterized by high structural flexibility, which can realize pure electricity, series, parallel, high-speed direct drive (Toyota THS can’t realize direct drive) and other modes, and its efficiency is very high.

In addition, the hybrid power of Honda i-MMD is higher than that of Toyota THS. Take the third generation Honda i-MMD as an example, its total motor power reaches 135KW, while that of Toyota THS-IV is only 53KW.

As for why Honda i-MMD uses such a high-power motor, the main reason is that Honda i-MMD hybrid system can’t switch the speed ratio at will like Toyota THS, so this system is in series mode under most working conditions, and the motor drives the vehicle. In order to ensure the power of the vehicle, only a more powerful motor can be selected.

It also has some disadvantages: the battery uses lithium battery, the motor power is higher, and the corresponding cost will be higher. At the same time, because it is limited by the speed ratio of the internal reduction gear set, the working space of the Atkinson engine in the i-MMD system that directly participates in driving the wheels is very narrow. In addition, Toyota’s THS has been verified on a large scale in the market, and its reliability has been proved.

Seven, Toyota open E-CVT patent.

At the beginning of the article, it is said that there are only two kinds of hybrids in the world, one is Toyota and the other is others. The reason for this statement is that on the one hand, Toyota THS hybrid performance is excellent and reliable, on the other hand, it has applied for comprehensive patent protection, and it is even more difficult for latecomers to enter the market.

However, due to the timeliness of the patent protection period, in 2017, Toyota announced the opening of the first batch of hybrid patents, and it can provide technology to the outside world, and hopes to cooperate with other car companies in this regard, but there are few respondents.

By 2018, Toyota expressed the patent opening more clearly, claiming that it would provide the right to use for free, including about 23,740 patents of electrification technology such as motor, electronic control and system control.

In 2019, the opening of Toyota’s patent finally ushered in the harvest. First, Toyota "sold" THS technology to Toyota’s core component supplier Keliyuan in China at a price of "US$ 1" (Keliyuan’s major shareholder is Geely, so it can be understood as selling technology to Geely in disguise). Later, it reached a THS hybrid technology transfer agreement with GAC and FAW.

At present, the first Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi GS8 twin-engine series equipped with Toyota hybrid in its own brand has been listed. The power is a 2.0T engine independently developed by Guangzhou Automobile+Toyota THS hybrid system, and the official fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 5.3L/ 100 kilometers. In addition, Geely’s Zhiqing Hi·X oil-electric hybrid system is also inextricably linked with it.

Summary:

Generally speaking, as the core of Toyota THS hybrid system, E-CVT transmission perfectly realizes the function of power shunting through planetary gear sets, and makes the engine always in an efficient working range by using motor speed regulation. This is indeed a revolutionary innovation, which also makes Toyota’s hybrid technology almost dominate the world, and its cumulative sales volume is close to 20 million. At present, THS hybrid has developed to the fourth generation, and its structure has approached perfection. Moreover, in the context of pure electric vehicles becoming the general trend, whether Toyota will continue to upgrade THS or improve E-CVT may require a question mark.

Special feature of 1905 film network Since its release on June 30th, the veteran IP sequel "raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny" has had a mediocre box office performance, with only 17 million box office receipts after four days of release, and the total box office forecast of all media is less than 100 million.For a classic IP with a history of 42 years, such box office results are really embarrassing.

According to the data, in the audience portrait of raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny, the audience aged 40+ accounts for as high as 21%. The movie fans who walked into the cinema to watch "raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny" seemed to be "paying for their feelings".

But in fact, this feeling is not only hidden in the hearts of fans, but also exists in the director’s creation.

In the latest release of raiders of the lost ark: Turntable of Destiny, we can see many details of the first four works, whether it’s the worms crawling all over the protagonist while searching for treasure, the affectionate confession of Indiana Jones and his lover, or the action design of "beating the enemy with one punch". These classic bridges in the previous works are all presented in raiders of the lost ark: Turntable of Destiny.

However, many plots of the previous tribute works are also a double-edged sword. On the one hand, they can satisfy the expectations of Laofen for IP feelings in the cinema, but on the other hand, they will also disappoint the new audience of raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny.

It’s true that these slightly clumsy plot designs are gradually out of touch with the current film market. When people who don’t know much about raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny enter the cinema, they expect to see a treasure-winning adventure film under the background of a new era, not just a "tribute film" that reviews the past and relives their feelings.

Although this work has been labeled as "old school" and ""the Chen Dynastyold",but for director James Mangold, he never shy away from aiming the camera lens at" Old Age "in raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny.

The initial intention of his creation is precisely to tell an old story in an old-fashioned way, so that an old-fashioned hero can bid farewell to this story seriously on the way of pursuing treasure.

The actor who plays Indiana Jones in the movie is 81 years old this year. Compared with 40 years ago, he is no longer a "whip-wielding god of war" in his early forties, and he has gradually retired from the super-popular actor who was active in Hollywood in the past.

When the turntable of time stayed at the 40-year-old debut of raiders of the lost ark: The Turntable of Destiny, the director followed the passage of time and told the story of an 80-year-old "dying hero" with romantic brushstrokes: Indiana Jones was no longer a superhero who saved the heroine in from the mire in his previous work, but an "adventure old man" who was helpless and saved by the hostess; Although Indiana Jones can still climb, ride horses and fight, everything seems a bit clumsy, and Dr. Jones himself spoke indifferently of this clumsiness during this adventure.

These voices of "getting old" pervaded the whole movie, but did not make the audience feel helpless in the face of time.It happens that this self-mockery and this bow to time reflect the director’s values hidden in the story: the real old age is not to surrender to time on the ground, but to take the hand of time and go further and further together.

Heroes can no longer be heroic, and heroes can also be saved by "beauty". Heroes can’t compete with time, but they can walk in time.However, the reason why "raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny" no longer attracts young audiences is not only the reason of "the old hero", but also deeply related to the "the old theme" of adventure and treasure hunting movies.

In recent years, the development of adventure movies in the domestic and foreign film markets has been weak, and few influential adventure movies have appeared. The movie that was once called "raiders of the lost ark: The Wheel of Destiny" was also released seven years ago.

Adventure and treasure hunt movies were all the rage in the 1980s. For the whole world, the 1980s was a romantic era. At that time, the world was full of unknowns and mysteries, and people wanted to pursue things beyond our knowledge, which also provided social and cultural soil for the vigorous development of adventure and treasure-hunting movies.

In the series of raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny, there is a story that is interesting: in the first part, Indiana Jones is an archaeological university teacher. When he is in class, the students under the podium are absorbed and fascinated; However, in his latest work "raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny", he said that no one looked up under the desk in class, and everyone no longer cared about archaeology, but cared about the vast universe and the boundless space.

The team of creators of "raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny" used this lens to compare and accurately capture the changes of people’s mentality in different times, and also announced the decline of adventure movies from the side.

In today’s era, everyone is looking up, looking forward to the mysterious universe in the deep blue, but less and less looking down at the solid land under their feet. Indiana Jones is just a member of the solid land, and he has always adhered to the initial intention of exploring the land.

From this point of view, the series raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny has spanned 40 years, and given such an epoch-making work in today’s film market, which has already completed its historical mission, and also handed over an answer sheet with the name of a curtain call for adventure and treasure hunting movies.

However, although the hero is old and the theme is no longer fresh, raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny is still a film worth going into the cinema and enjoying seriously.

This work inherits the classic and smooth plot trend of the previous work, and tells the ups and downs of adventure films very purely.

At the same time, as one of the top actors in Hollywood, how Harrison Ford plays the role of Indiana Jones as an explorer at the age of 81, and what superb details he will perform, is also worth seeing by the audience.

We have to admit that the golden age of exploration, which was once shining, has gone away from us, but the spirit of never giving up and going forward will never die.

This spirit of exploration also runs through the film raiders of the lost ark: Wheel of Destiny: 40 years ago, Indiana Jones was the embodiment of human exploration spirit; 40 years later, at the age of 81, he is still wearing armor, and on his own adventure, he keeps going forward and never looks back.

In terms of appearance, the new R adopts a brand-new family design language. Among them, the front face adopts a large-size banner net, and R series of black decorative strips are added. Headlights and China Net adopt an integrated design, and the word "R" is added to the grille. In addition, large-sized C-shaped air intakes are used on both sides of the front enclosure of the new car, and black panels and vrs signs are added on both sides of the front face. On the side of the car body, the new Touareg R is equipped with 21-inch multi-spoke blackened wheels. In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 4878×1984×1686 mm and its wheelbase is 2899 mm. In terms of the rear end, the new Touareg R also adopts a newly designed led light source taillight group, which has high recognition after lighting, and the new car adopts a bilateral exhaust layout.

Touareg R adopts a brand-new cool all-LCD dashboard, while retaining the traditional mechanical dashboard, which is not common in its class. The bottom of the steering wheel has a flat shape and a perforated design, which makes it feel very delicate. In the car system, it and the 15.0-inch touch screen adopt an integrated design, which is full of science and technology. The air conditioning panel adopts touch screen design, which is the first time that touch screen design has appeared in Volkswagen models.

The length, width and height are 4878×1984×1697mm respectively, and the wheelbase has reached 2899 mm. In the same class, the wheelbase of Touareg ranks 20th. As an SUV, its body size does not occupy much advantage in its class, and its internal seating space is only basically enough. After all, it is limited by the length and shape of the body. The sunroof of Touareg 3.0T Ruizun Volcanic Rock Painting Sports Edition provides a wider field of vision, which can create a better visual environment and good sensitivity for the rear passengers and increase the light entrance for the whole vehicle. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of Touareg ranks second. The space is relatively regular, without obvious protrusions, and the overall loading capacity is good.

The Touareg is equipped with a 3.0 engine with a maximum output of 250kW and a maximum torque of 450Nm. 3.0 The power performance of the engine on the Touareg is quite satisfactory, the low torque is weak and the hysteresis can be felt. Touareg’s official measured zero-acceleration score is 5.9S, ranking 26th among 400,000-800,000 SUV models.

Touareg’s active/passive safety configuration is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In order to get a more comprehensive and objective understanding of Touareg, you can go to the Touareg forum and browse the messages of users who have bought the car in history.

Whether it is a fuel vehicle or a new energy vehicle, as long as it meets the needs of consumers, it is a good car. What I bring to you today is that it has many highlights. Not much to say, let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the Yuan PLUS. The overall front of the Yuan PLUS is more fashionable and simple, and looks more fashionable. Combined with fashionable and simple headlights, the grade of the whole vehicle is improved. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4455 mm * 1875 mm * 1615 mm. The car adopts lovely lines, and the car body presents a dignified design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite soft. Looking back, the rear line of Yuan PLUS is young and unique, and the taillight style is relatively unique. Overall, it is still quite domineering and stylish.

Sitting in the car, Yuan PLUS interior design has taken the avant-garde personality route, which is easy to impress the hearts of young consumers. The steering wheel of the car is well designed and made of leather, which gives a good grip experience. Take a look at the central control, and with the 15.6-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, the interior design is quite layered, giving people a feeling of being domineering and stylish. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The car is equipped with a beautiful dashboard, which is very dynamic and lively. The car adopts imitation leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats, and seat proportion tilting, and the overall comfort is acceptable.

Yuan PLUS matching gearbox, 150KW, 310N.m, good power performance.

The back row space of yuanplus is quite satisfactory, and the leg space is still rich, so it is no problem to meet daily household needs. In addition, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

Do you have a lot of ideas after reading today’s story? This class of cars can often give consideration to both cost performance and practicality, and is often considered by most consumers as the first choice when buying a car.

　　When the weather turns cold, the chill that Europeans feel may be unprecedented:　　

　　After a three-day overhaul, Gazprom announced that the "Beixi -1" natural gas pipeline would not resume gas supply on schedule due to multiple equipment failures.

　　On August 31st, the "Beixi -1" natural gas pipeline began to be overhauled, and the gas supply was stopped again.

　　After Gazprom just announced the news of stopping gas, the price of natural gas in Europe rose for nearly a week, with an increase of nearly 40%.

　　Every time the flow of "Beixi -1" natural gas pipeline decreases, it is a turning point for the price of natural gas in Europe to jump:

　　From June 16th, the gas supply of "Beixi -1" was reduced to 40%, and on the 15th, the price of natural gas in Europe rose by 24%.

　　Since July 27, the gas supply of "Beixi -1" has been reduced to 20%, and the price of natural gas in Europe has increased by at least 10% on the 25th and 26th.

　　The valve switch of "Beixi -1" stirs the nerves of Europe.

　　What’s more, this gas stoppage is closer to the coming winter, and a crisis is brewing in Europe.

　　The winter is approaching, and the crisis in Europe is not just a lack of gas.

　　Whether Europe can survive the winter smoothly or not, the natural gas reserve rate of the European Union is an important measure.

　　The data shows that on August 30th, the EU’s natural gas reserve rate has reached 80.4%, and it is advancing at the normal reserve rate in previous years.

　　This means that the EU has already fulfilled the gas storage target at this stage ahead of schedule.

　　The European Union proposed this year’s gas storage target, also after the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the first round of soaring natural gas prices in Europe. At that time, the European Union’s natural gas reserve rate was less than 40%, and there was once a decreasing trend.

　　After assessing the risk of interruption of natural gas supply from Russia in winter, the EU has agreed that the natural gas reserve rate of EU member countries should reach at least 80% of the total capacity before November 1 this year.

　　Germany, which imported half of its natural gas from Russia in the past, now has a reserve rate of 84%. The executive director of the European Trade Center, a natural gas market operator, recently predicted that there would be no national natural gas shortage in Germany, and Germans would not be frozen this winter.

　　But risks still exist — — Regional shortages cannot be ruled out.

　　This is especially true at the EU level. Although the EU is up to the standard on the whole, the gas storage in Italy, Hungary and other countries has been lower than the past average.

　　△ Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, posted the news that the EU’s natural gas reserve rate reached 80% on social media. From left to right, the photos are: Latvian Prime Minister, Estonian Prime Minister, Danish Prime Minister, Finnish Prime Minister, Lithuanian President and Ursula von der Leyen.　　

　　Due to the reduction of Russian gas supply, EU countries must find alternatives. After the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, EU member States began to run around outside the European continent to buy natural gas:

　　In April, Italy frequently sent senior officials to Africa to find natural gas supply sources, and signed cooperation agreements with at least three countries;

　　In May, Italy was followed by Germany. German Chancellor Angela Scholz opened his first trip to Africa and visited three countries in succession.

　　In August, French President Macron visited Algeria, where relations were still deteriorating last year. The two sides began negotiations to increase the amount of natural gas supplied by Algeria to France by 50%.

　　……

　　When EU countries start to act separately at the same time, this is not a simple supply and demand problem, but will trigger a butterfly effect.

　　This is the same as the food crisis. If the grain production is reduced by 20%, the food price will not only increase by 20%, but will be infinitely high — — Everyone is worried that he will become the one who can’t eat food. Under the looting, food prices will continue to rise.

　　This is also directly reflected in the transaction price of natural gas. Now, for a transport ship full of liquefied natural gas, the cost of exporting from the United States is 60 million US dollars/ship, but the final transaction price of selling to Europe is as high as 275 million US dollars/ship.

　　At the same time, the benchmark Dutch natural gas futures price, known as the "wind vane" of European natural gas prices, broke through 300 euros/mwh in August, seven times that of the same period last year, and more than 10 times higher than the average price before the energy crisis.

　　△ In March, Biden went to Europe to attend the NATO Special Summit, the G7 Summit and the EU Summit, and promised to export more LNG to Europe.　　

　　And it’s not just the price of energy itself that is being pushed up.

　　Due to the tight transportation of liquefied natural gas, as long as there are empty ships, they will be booked immediately. According to the data of the LNG freight price evaluation agency, the price of LNG carrier alone is more than twice that of the same period last year.

　　The rental price is high, and even the orders for shipbuilding are full. South Korea is the world’s largest producer of LNG carriers, and the shipyards here have no spare capacity to undertake new orders before 2027. With limited production capacity, the cost of new ships has increased by about 26%.

　　The up and down chains of the LNG market have all entered a situation of mutual price increase.

　　You know, these extra costs can all be borne by the buyer and the EU countries themselves. Without the tacit understanding of unified bidding and unified acquisition within the EU, the leverage of the global natural gas market will be "pried" to the European market.

　　△ Britain launched a protest of "freezing profits, not people"　　

　　Since EU countries are "fighting each other" on the issue of "open source" and cannot coordinate and unify, the EU decided to find ways to intervene from "throttling".

　　More than a month ago, the EU proposed a new political agreement, according to which:

　　In order to ensure the security of energy supply in the EU, in the next eight months, EU member countries need to voluntarily reduce the demand for natural gas by 15% on the basis of the average consumption in the past five years. The saved natural gas surplus can be used for adjustment and supplement among countries.

　　However, after seeing the EU countries "hoarding gas" at all costs, this kind of fear for everyone makes the EU have to add half a sentence after "voluntary":

　　If there is a shortage of natural gas supply at that time, the EU will take compulsory measures to reduce the demand for natural gas.

　　According to the explanation of the EU, the reason for doing this is precisely because of the fear that the disharmony and contradiction among EU member States will distort the EU’s unified market.

　　The EU market is experiencing unprecedented chaos.

　　The word "compulsory" has also aroused great opposition from EU member States, and some countries directly questioned that the EU was suspected of "exceeding its authority".

　　Dong Yifan, a European economic expert at China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told Tan Zhu,According to the operating mechanism of the European Union, it is not in line with EU law for the European Commission to unilaterally issue a policy and then ask other countries to enforce it..

　　From the standpoint of the EU, the original intention of the agreement is to let EU countries make the smallest possible collective concessions to keep the bottom line of EU energy security.

　　However, from the standpoint of EU member states, the policies introduced by the EU can’t actually match their own national conditions — — The dependence of each country on Russian natural gas is not the same, and the energy crisis caused by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is not a crisis for some countries.

　　Spain’s natural gas source does not rely on Russian pipelines. Spain’s deputy prime minister and minister of ecological transformation said that he was unwilling to pay the economic price for non-Spanish problems.

　　Hungary, on the other hand, is the country with the highest dependence on Russian natural gas among EU member states — — It has reached 80% and cut expenditure by 15%, which cannot solve the energy crisis in Hungary at all.

　　The Hungarian Foreign Minister bluntly criticized, "This is an unreasonable, meaningless, impracticable and harmful proposal."

　　The European commission, both inside and outside, is not pleasing. However, in the face of crisis, the European Commission always has to show its role, which is why the EU has to put forward this policy even if it does not hesitate to cross the border.

　　△ Before the meeting to finalize the final version of the agreement, the representatives of Spain and Germany had a point-to-point exchange.　　

　　Two weeks later, 15% of the throttling agreement was passed. But the final version is like this:

　　In case of supply shortage, member countries should reduce their demand for natural gas by 15%. At the same time, in view of the special circumstances of different member States, in order to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the agreement, the EU has exempted some member States from part or all of their obligations.

　　The island countries of Ireland, Cyprus and Malta are not connected to the EU natural gas network. Even if they save natural gas, they cannot be used by other countries, and the obligation of throttling can be completely exempted.

　　The Baltic countries close to Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, have not officially switched from the Russian power grid to the European Union power grid. Forced gas restriction may lead to direct interruption of power supply, and their obligations can also be exempted.

　　Countries whose natural gas reserve ratio exceeds the target, or whose energy structure is heavily dependent on natural gas, and whose natural gas consumption has increased by a large margin in the past year, can also be exempted from obligations. There are many countries that can be included in this article, including Czech Republic, Denmark, Poland, Bulgaria, Greece and Slovakia.

　　……

　　Counting down, the EU has a total of 27 member States, and the countries that can receive special care add up to about half.

　　The policy was introduced, but it was a severely shrunk version.

　　Evaluate this shrunk agreement from different perspectives:

　　As far as the EU as a whole is concerned, as long as any country fails to implement the agreement, the agreement will be meaningless, not only the preset goal cannot be achieved, but in the face of the crisis, once someone chooses to leave the collective and protect themselves, the collective will fall into a vicious circle of not suffering from widowhood but suffering from inequality;

　　For any EU member state, it is totally hoped that the other 26 member states can make concerted sacrifices in the face of the crisis, and the risks and costs that will be borne in the end are immeasurable.

　　This is a very embarrassing situation, and the decisions made by the EU are not beneficial, whether from the EU as a whole or from specific countries.

　　It can be said that the compromise mechanism of EU’s common decision-making has fallen into the prisoner’s dilemma — — When everyone covets the individual optimal solution, originally everyone can reach the suboptimal solution, but in fact only the suboptimal solution can be reached.

　　This fundamentally violates the logic of EU development.

　　Xu Qinhua, vice president of the National Development and Strategy Research Institute of Renmin University of China, told Tan Zhu,From the European Coal and Steel Community, to the European Economic Community, to the European Union, all member States areMake more connections step by step to achieve"Holding a group to keep warm"The purpose.

　　Member States choose to join the EU, because they want to use the power of integration to make up for the natural weakness of the single strength of each member state.

　　This is also the fundamental reason for the establishment of the European Union: the underlying logic of decision-making in the European Union, which grew up in peacetime, is upward choice — — Focus on maximizing common interests, move forward, and make up for the shortage of member countries with a unified market.

　　The establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor of the European Union, is a win-win situation in politics and economy for all member countries: on the one hand, it can expand the political influence of all member countries, especially the defeated countries in World War II, on the other hand, it can put its resources, industry and other potential into a larger unified market.

　　At that time, Europe was in real distress after being eaten away by the war. It was naturally a necessary choice for Europe to rely on each other and learn from each other in order to return to the pole of the international political arena.

　　△ In 1950, then German Chancellor Adenauer (right) received visiting French Foreign Minister Schumann (left). After the war, France and Germany reconciled and reached an agreement on coal and steel production and reserves, which was the basis for the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community.　　

　　Stimulated by the renewed war in the European continent, EU member states have long abandoned the original intention of European regional integration. They dare not hand over their "cards" to collective organizations, but try to find the "optimal solution" for themselves from the bottom line thinking.

　　As a result, the EU’s common policy can only focus on how to stop losses, rather than making member States better. That is to say, the EU’s common policy is not the least common multiple of the interests of all member States, but the greatest common divisor.

　　The fragile trust established by EU countries through integration after World War II was shattered in the face of the crisis, and there is a key factor behind this — — America.

　　After the end of World War II, the United States has been trying to "operate" in the European continent, treating different countries in Europe differently through the closeness of interests. In the process of interaction between the EU and the United States, the orientation of each member state is different, which will also lead to its inability to form a unified will.

　　The differences between EU member countries and the United States have allowed the United States to find a loophole and push the wedge into the trust foundation among EU countries.

　　Not far from Yin Jian, when the "Beixi -1" natural gas pipeline can’t supply gas, will the EU countries remember how the "Beixi -2" natural gas pipeline, which had been shut down before, was seized by the United States to split the EU?

　　You know, for a long time before, there was basically no trouble in the natural gas trade between Germany and Russia.

　　According to the United States, "Beixi -2" will threaten European energy security. For this reason, the United States has repeatedly encouraged some EU member States to oppose the construction of "Beixi -2".

　　Under such provocation, an energy cooperation project eventually became a victim of geopolitics.

　　This is just a microcosm of American involvement in the EU.

　　Not only that, the United States has further divided European countries through various circles.

　　It is worth noting that on the same day that the Russian side announced that the "Beixi -1" pipeline would not resume on schedule, the G7 countries led by the United States just announced that they agreed to impose a price cap on Russian oil.

　　After oil, the European Union is considering setting a price ceiling for Russian natural gas. Russia responded by saying that once the EU makes such a decision, Russia will no longer supply natural gas to Europe.

　　I wonder how those EU countries that are still busy with natural gas feel after seeing these two news.

　　Compared with the shortage of energy, today’s EU pays a greater price — — Failure of collective decision.

　　Winter is coming, and the retrogression of European integration is a bigger crisis than the shortage of energy.

Recently, the game of "taking cigarette cards" is quite popular among primary and secondary school students, and topics such as # cigarette cards become the new favorite of primary school students # # primary school students are obsessed with cigarette card merchants taking the opportunity to sell cigarettes # have rushed to social platforms for hot search, causing discussion. Many netizens think that this is just a card game, and there is no need to be overly sensitive. Some netizens hold objections and worry that the game of "taking a cigarette card" will induce children to learn to smoke.

Previously reported:

Primary and secondary school students are addicted to "smoking cards". Should they care?

Ask questions

What is a "cigarette card"? Is it necessary to stop the "smoking card" game in primary and secondary schools?

AI answer

The "cigarette card" is to cut the cigarette label from the cigarette box and fold it to make a card with the size of a card. The game is relatively simple. Students get together and hit the ground with their empty palms. If the "cigarette card" is hit by the palm wind, it will win.

Most of the "cigarette cards" in children’s hands are cigarette cases picked up on the road, trash cans, mahjong parlors, etc., or asked for from family members who smoke, and then the "hat" of the cigarette case is taken off and folded into a rectangular card. Its value is divided according to the brand price of cigarettes or the degree of market circulation. Whoever owns more cards and is expensive will have the capital to show off.

Whether it is necessary to stop the game of "smoking cards", which is popular among primary and secondary school students, is a problem worthy of in-depth discussion.

First of all, it needs to be clear that "cigarette card" is a game prop made of discarded cigarette cases, which is related to tobacco products. This connection may make primary and secondary school students unconsciously come into contact with tobacco products, thus generating curiosity about smoking. Considering the harm of children smoking prematurely, it is necessary to prevent the popularity of "smoking cards".

Secondly, primary and secondary school students are in a critical period of physical and mental development, and their values and behavior habits are being formed. The popularity of "smoking cards" may lead primary and secondary school students to indulge in games excessively and neglect their studies and other more beneficial activities. In addition, primary and secondary school students may have the psychology of keeping up with the joneses because of the "cigarette card". Therefore, from the perspective of education, it is of certain significance to prevent the popularity of "smoking cards".

However, primary and secondary school students’ curiosity and desire to explore new things also need attention. As a novel game prop, "cigarette card" may attract their attention, thus avoiding them from indulging in electronic products. In this case, appropriate guidance should be given to help them understand the risks of the "smoking card" game, discuss with them how to treat the "smoking card" game correctly, and encourage them to explore healthier and more beneficial games and activities.

For the "smoking card" game, it is more necessary for schools, families and society to work together to guide children correctly. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to children’s psychological needs, lead children to go outdoors, participate in badminton, football and other activities that are beneficial to physical and mental health, stimulate their more hobbies, create more games and activities that are beneficial to physical and mental health, and help them grow up healthily.

Some words and pictures are generated by AI.

Original title: "Night Asking" is a popular "cigarette card" in primary and secondary schools. Should it be strict? 》

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