Local governments are short of money, so they can borrow money by issuing local government bonds. How did 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) issue bonds and borrow money in the first half of this year?

　　On July 26th, the Ministry of Finance released the issuance of local government bonds in 31 provinces in the first half of this year. In the first half of the year, 31 provinces in China issued a total of 3,341.1 billion yuan of local government bonds.

　　Judging from the scale of issuing bonds and borrowing money in the first half of the year, Shandong (including Qingdao) temporarily ranked first with 259.9 billion yuan, Guangdong (including Shenzhen) followed closely with 253.3 billion yuan, and Sichuan ranked third with 215.5 billion yuan. The scale of bond issuance in other places is less than 200 billion yuan.

　　Among them, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other 16 places issued bonds between 100 billion yuan and 200 billion yuan. The remaining provinces and cities issued less than 100 billion bonds, of which Shanghai did not issue local government bonds in the first half of the year, and Shanghai officially issued bonds in July.

　　Of course, due to the different amount of bonds issued by different places and the different progress of issuing bonds, the scale of bonds issued by different places may change in the end.

　　Judging from the situation of last year, the top five bond issuance scales were Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Sichuan and Zhejiang.

　　A number of local debt experts told CBN that local government bonds are divided into new bonds and refinancing bonds according to their purposes, in which refinancing bonds can only be used to repay existing debts, that is, borrowing new ones and returning old ones. At present, the total amount of new bonds and refinancing bonds of local governments in China is decided by the National People’s Congress, and the Ministry of Finance distributes this total amount to 31 provinces and cities.

　　Generally speaking, the Ministry of Finance will take into account local financial strength, debt risk, financing demand, project maturity, national macro-control needs and other factors when allocating new bond issuance quotas. Generally speaking, the stronger the local government’s financial strength, the lower the debt risk, the more it undertakes major central project expenditures, and the greater the financing demand, the greater the amount of debt issued, and vice versa. The quota allocation of refinancing bonds pays more attention to the maturity scale of local bonds.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Finance, of the 3,341.1 billion yuan of government bonds issued by local governments in the first half of this year, 1,480 billion yuan of new bonds were issued and 1,861.1 billion yuan of refinancing bonds were issued.

　　Judging from the scale of new bond issuance in 31 provinces in the first half of this year, it is still the top three in Shandong, Guangdong and Sichuan. However, in the ranking of the issuance scale of refinancing bonds in the first half of the year, Jiangsu ranked first with 158.4 billion yuan, Guizhou ranked second with 109.7 billion yuan, and the issuance scale of Shandong, Liaoning, Guangdong and Sichuan also slightly exceeded 100 billion yuan.

　　Where did all the money borrowed by local governments in the first half of the year go? Obviously, the above-mentioned 1.86 trillion yuan refinancing bonds are used to repay the government’s stock debts. Then where is the other 1.48 trillion yuan of new bond funds used? At present, the Ministry of Finance has disclosed the investment of about 1 trillion yuan of new special debt funds.

　　Xiang Zhongxin, deputy director of the Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance, recently said at the press conference of fiscal revenue and expenditure in the first half of the year that according to the unified deployment of the State Council, major national regional strategic projects such as coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction have been included in the key support scope of special bonds of local governments in 2021. According to the preliminary summary, about half of the new special bonds issued by local governments in China from January to June were invested in major projects in transportation infrastructure, municipal and industrial parks; About 30% invested in affordable housing projects and major projects in social undertakings such as health, education, old-age care and cultural tourism; About 20% invested in major projects in agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, energy, urban and rural cold chain logistics and other fields.

　　Therefore, the new bond funds are mainly used for major livelihood infrastructure construction projects. In the first half of the year, due to the strengthening of local debt supervision and the small pressure of steady growth, the progress of local bond issuance was slow, and the scale of new bond issuance in the first half of the year was almost "waist-cut" compared with the same period of last year. However, the issuance of local bonds has accelerated recently. According to the annual budget, the new limit of local bonds is 4.47 trillion yuan, and the scale of local new bonds issued in the second half of the year is close to 3 trillion yuan.

　　 　[In-depth study and implementation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era]

　　Author: Zhou Xiangjun (Professor, School of Marxism, Shandong University)

　　The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought adheres to the Marxist world outlook and methodology, profoundly reveals the essential characteristics and basic laws of socialist ecological civilization construction, and has a profound philosophical foundation and theoretical foundation. In-depth study of the theoretical foundation of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought will help us to accurately understand the profound connotation and essence of this important thought, so as to take the Chinese modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature more consciously, and strive to draw a new picture of beautiful China under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought more firmly.

　　The materialistic connotation of seeking truth from facts

　　Everything starts from the changing and developing objective reality and the law of the existence and development of objective things, which is the essence and method of dialectical materialism. Comrade Mao Zedong insisted on dialectical materialism and put forward the concept of "seeking truth from facts" according to the needs of theoretical innovation and practical development. Seeking truth from facts is not only the essence and ideological basis of Marxist philosophy, but also the materialistic connotation of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought. Insisting on seeking truth from facts means insisting on studying and solving problems from reality. Based on the world situation, national conditions and party conditions, the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought profoundly expounded the prominent position of ecological civilization construction in the overall development of the cause of the party and the state, and emphasized that promoting ecological civilization construction and formulating principles and policies should be firmly based on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism. In a word, it is necessary to adhere to the principle that "water is suitable for water, mountains are suitable for mountains, grain is suitable for grain, agriculture is suitable for agriculture, industry is suitable for industry, and business is suitable for business, and actively explore new ways of high-quality development with regional characteristics". The concept, design mechanism, deployment strategy and general plan expounded by the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought are all condensed on the basis of practical investigation by adhering to the principle of seeking truth from facts.

　　On the one hand, it emphasizes a comprehensive understanding of reality and an accurate grasp of the facts. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "China is still a country with little forest and green, and its ecology is fragile. Planting trees and improving the ecology have a long way to go." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has gone to Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi, Ningxia and other places for on-the-spot investigation and research, and put forward corresponding strategies for local natural advantages or environmental shortcomings. For example, in view of the special geographical environment and ecological value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is proposed to further promote the scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reveal the mechanism of environmental change, accurately grasp the impact of global climate change and human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and study and put forward systematic plans and engineering measures for protection, restoration and governance. In addition, through holding special seminars and symposiums, we exchanged discussions with experts and scholars to provide scientific guidance for the formulation of relevant policies.

　　On the other hand, it emphasizes exploring and mastering the inherent laws of ecological civilization construction. The key to seeking truth from facts lies in "seeking truth", that is, exploring and mastering the law of development of things. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "It is necessary to deepen the understanding of the regularity of the community between man and nature and accelerate the construction of ecological civilization in an all-round way." Only by following scientific laws can we find new problems and solve new problems. However, following the law is not a routine and step by step, but a matter of doing things honestly according to the law, being brave in innovation and being good at creation, and always firmly grasping the initiative of development. Adhering to the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, we must thoroughly study and grasp the general laws of ecological protection, socialist modernization and the special laws of ecological civilization construction in China, and adhere to the Chinese modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Dialectical thinking of unity of opposites

　　Contradiction is a philosophical category that reflects the unity of opposites within things or between things. Oppositeness and unity are two basic attributes of contradiction. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "Everything has this kind of contradiction, which causes the movement and development of things." The historical process of the development of human society is the process of constantly understanding contradictions, analyzing contradictions and solving contradictions. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought adheres to the unity of materialism and dialectics, and scientifically applies them to the whole process and various fields of ecological civilization construction, correctly answering and handling a series of major issues.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has adhered to the unity of the two-point theory and the key theory, and made in-depth thinking on how to grasp the relationship between ecological protection and economic development according to the essential attribute of ecological civilization construction and the realistic requirements of economic and social development. He pointed out, "We want green mountains and green hills, as well as Jinshan Yinshan. It is better to have green mountains and green hills than golden mountains and silver mountains, and Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets ",proposing that" high-quality development and high-level protection complement each other and complement each other. High-level protection is an important support for high-quality development. High-quality development with ecological priority, green and low carbon can only be achieved by high-level protection. " These important expositions, using contradiction analysis scientifically, are good at finding symbiosis points from opposites, clarifying the dialectical unity relationship between environmental protection and economic development, and pointing out that green mountains and green rivers are not only natural wealth, ecological wealth, but also social wealth and economic wealth. Protecting the ecological environment means protecting natural values and increasing natural capital, which is to cultivate the potential and stamina of economic and social development.

　　In July, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader reviewed and summarized the practical experience of the new era in the past ten years, analyzed the new situations and new problems currently faced, and clearly put forward five major relationships that need to be handled in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the new journey, namely, the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection, the relationship between key tackling and collaborative governance, the relationship between natural restoration and artificial restoration, the relationship between external constraints and endogenous motivation, and the relationship between "double carbon" commitment and independent action. Among them, the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection, the relationship between key attack and collaborative governance clearly embodies the organic unity of two-point theory and key theory of materialist dialectics. Dealing with the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection is a strategic measure to adhere to the important concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", that is, to maintain the natural appearance and value potential of "green water and green mountains" through high-level environmental protection, to give play to its ecological, economic and social efficiency, and to create new kinetic energy and new advantages for high-quality economic and social development. Dealing with the relationship between tackling key problems and collaborative governance is to firmly establish the system concept, grasp the main contradictions and major aspects of ecological civilization construction, explore new governance ways from the perspective of system engineering and overall situation, and carry out ecological civilization construction in an all-round, all-regional and whole process.

　　Epistemological characteristics of the unity of knowledge and action

　　Marx pointed out: "Whether people’s thinking has objective truth is not a theoretical problem, but a practical one. People should prove the truth of their own thinking in practice, that is, the reality and strength of their own thinking and the shore of their own thinking. " Practical viewpoint is the primary and basic viewpoint of Marxist epistemology. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought adheres to the unity of epistemology and methodology, showing the theoretical character of unity of knowledge and action, seeking truth and being pragmatic.

　　Do it really "know". The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought inherits and develops the materialistic, dialectical and practical ecological philosophy thinking and methods contained in Marxist ecological view, draws on the ecological wisdom of Chinese excellent traditional culture, draws lessons from the experience and lessons in the process of western industrialization, continuously deepens the understanding of the law of ecological civilization construction, and systematically answers major theoretical and practical questions such as why to build an ecological civilization, what kind of ecological civilization to build, and how to build an ecological civilization, which provides a fundamental basis for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

　　Pay to the "line". Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, through unremitting efforts, China’s ecological civilization construction has achieved a major shift from key rectification to systematic governance, from passive response to active action, from global environmental governance participants to leaders, and from practical exploration to scientific theory guidance. For example, in terms of ambient air conditions, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level in China is 29 μ g/m3, down 3.3% year-on-year, achieving a continuous decline in the past 10 years; In terms of soil environmental conditions, the national soil environmental risks have been basically controlled, and the increasing trend of soil pollution has been initially curbed; Wait a minute. The achievements in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era have attracted worldwide attention and become a remarkable symbol of historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the state in the new era.

　　"knowledge" and "behavior" run through. Adhering to the unity of knowledge and action, the key and key point is to ensure the benign interaction and real connection between knowledge and action. The main force of ecological civilization construction is all the people, but individuals have different ideological understanding, practical endowment and moral literacy, and their understanding and grasp of ideological concepts are different, deep or shallow, strong or weak. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought particularly emphasizes the important role of ecological civilization theory education and system of ecological civilization mechanism in environmental governance. By strengthening the green education at the ideological level, actively promoting the socialist concept of ecological civilization, strengthening the rigid design at the institutional level, and closely weaving the strictest and strictest network of the rule of law system, we can ensure the logical integration and unity of the true "knowledge" in thought and the true "behavior" in practice.

　　The essence of historical materialism of people first.

　　Historical materialism holds that the people are the creators of history and the decisive force of social change. As a brand-new form of the development of human civilization, ecological civilization is a great cause created collectively by the people. The supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought emphasizes "adhering to the principle of benefiting the people by ecology, benefiting the people by ecology and serving the people", constantly meeting the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment, which contains a distinct people’s stand and shows profound people’s feelings.

　　It is clear that the construction of ecological civilization is for the people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "The human heart is the greatest politics. We must actively respond to the people’s thoughts, expectations and urgency, vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization, provide more high-quality ecological products, and constantly meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment. " This important exposition profoundly answers the ontological proposition of who ecological civilization construction serves. The people-centered development thought has always been the logical thread running through the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, which is not only reflected in the connotation interpretation of ideological theory, but also manifested in the vivid and great practice. Our party adheres to the principle of benefiting the people by ecology, benefiting the people by ecology and serving the people by ecology, vigorously promotes green production and lifestyle, focuses on solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health, continuously improves the quality of the ecological environment, provides more high-quality ecological products, and enables people to have more sense of acquisition, happiness and security in a beautiful ecological environment.

　　Adhere to the construction of ecological civilization and rely on the people. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "ecological civilization is a common cause for the people to participate in and build together, and it is necessary to turn the construction of beautiful China into the conscious action of all the people". The supreme leader’s thought of ecological civilization requires us to constantly unite the people’s consensus in practice, enhance the people’s subjective consciousness, stimulate the people’s endogenous motivation, and provide strong material and spiritual strength for the construction of ecological civilization. Specifically, ideologically, we should strengthen the theoretical interpretation and knowledge popularization of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought step by step, so that the people can truly understand the importance and necessity of ecological civilization construction. In action, we advocate thrift, green and low-carbon consumption, promote energy-saving and water-saving products, green and environmentally-friendly furniture and building materials, promote green and low-carbon travel, encourage and guide consumers to buy energy-saving and environmentally-friendly recycled products, and promote the formation of a positive, sunny, civilized and healthy national lifestyle and consumption pattern.

　　The actual results of ecological civilization construction are judged by the people. The test of the effectiveness of all our work ultimately depends on whether the people have really benefited, whether people’s lives have really improved, and whether people’s rights and interests have really been guaranteed. As far as the ecological field is concerned, the basic criterion for evaluating the actual effect of ecological civilization construction and whether the value goal is achieved lies in whether the people’s beautiful ecological environment needs are met and whether the people really feel the sense of ecological acquisition and happiness. Only by solving and satisfying the practical problems that people think, worry and expect with high quality in all aspects can we gain wide recognition from the people and promote the achievement and realization of the goal of ecological civilization construction.

　　(This paper is a phased achievement of the National Social Science Foundation’s major project "The Philosophical Foundation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era" [〔18ZDA001〕])

Text | Ruiying

Fairy tales are a scenery that never fades in the film industry. Romantic innocence and wild fantasy are eternal themes in fairy tales. Gorgeous visual impact and wonderful adventure stories can add luster to the film. Alice in Wonderland is a representative fairy tale movie.

Donoff’s attention to narratology focuses on narrative time, form and style. Donoff believes that the characters in the novel are equivalent to the subject, their actions are equivalent to the predicate, and their actions and results are equivalent to the object. For example, the action predicate in the novel can be connected and transformed with the evolution of the plot. The transformation of predicate verbs makes the plot of the novel change from the original balance to imbalance, and then to a new balance, which will become a narrative transformation. This is Tonodov’s "imbalance-reconstruction" principle.

In the first part of the film, Alice’s engagement ceremony was in a state of balance, and it was not until Alice fell into a black hole that the plot was out of balance. The magical dream gives people a psychedelic and unreal feeling, which breaks the previous balance. Alice thought it was just her own dream. It was not until she was scratched by the giant bear that she realized that it was not a dream, but a real situation. This is an imbalance of the plot. Then Alice sneaked into the red queen’s castle to save the mad hat, seized the Woboer sword, fought against the monty, overthrew the tyranny of the red queen, and regained the kingship for White Queen. Finally, Alice returned to reality, chose her ideal lifestyle and rebuilt a new balance again.

one

Color in the Visual Modeling of Characters

The concept of film color contrast contrasts, expressing ugliness with bright colors and expressing justice with single color, which has played an unexpected irony effect. White Queen is dressed in white lace, including his own war horse, and the color of lipstick is really red and black. She speaks with blue fingers cocked up and got it, holding cream fingers with ease to do her own research and development of pharmaceuticals. This is a foreshadowing, paving the way for later explaining the mistakes made by White Queen’s selfishness as a child. The red queen has red hair, big head, short and dark red robes. In China, red symbolizes joy, happiness, luck and wealth, but in the west, red is blood and fire, symbolizing cruelty, disaster, danger and terror. Therefore, the red queen’s red just reflects her brutal rule and blood, but in fact, she has been longing for love all her life, lonely and sensitive, and her ugly appearance has cast an increasingly surly character. Her bones are simple and childish, so she has to hide her weakness with fierceness.

How terrible and hateful human nature is, that weakness is deeply hidden in everyone’s heart. The personified "time" is dressed in black, and the mechanized body and calm personality are integrated with each other. The crazy hat’s orange hair and Gothic smoky makeup highlight his warm, funny, cute and confused side. Blue is also repeated in the film. Different blues represent different meanings. The big ostrich in blue, the caterpillar, Mr. Rabbit, and the blue cat that has disappeared without a trace are all symbols of wisdom. The black color of Mr. Time is a mystery. Alice once said that time is ruthless, but black is unknown besides mystery. The warrior black around the red queen and a piece of red heart on her eyes are interesting.

Alice has blonde hair and is warm and soft. The characters in the film, especially the costumes, use a lot of China elements, which makes the audience feel more cordial. Alice wore a dress at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, wearing the same cloud shoulder and not caring about other people’s opinions. This shows Alice’s stubborn, rebellious, thoughtful and adventurous spirit. In the 19th century, the idea of Renaissance freedom was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, especially the temporary awakening of women. However, with the profoundness of China culture, especially the collocation of clothing colors, foreigners often add their own ways of understanding. Although Alice is an element of China from beginning to end, it is more like singing opera from color to whole. What resonates with China audiences is that Alice spends most of her time in the film wearing clothes with China elements.

two

Male-dominated society and female freedom

The profound meaning that the film wants to express is presented in the contrast between reality and dreams, so as to reflect Alice’s inner desire for entanglement and freedom and her depressed psychology bound by traditional ideas. The ambivalence in reality is released in dreams, so everything in fairyland is symbolized by metaphor.

Freud said that the subconscious will be expressed in the form of dreams through a condensed procedure. Alice’s self-anxiety turns into a pocket watch in the hands of rabbits, that is, a kind of urgency of time; The brother-in-law who secretly cheated turned into a red knight who betrayed the red queen; The exploding neck dragon symbolizes the oppression of women in the real society. The red queen is actually two contradictory sides of Alice’s heart, which can be seen from the same little gestures of the red queen, for example, her fingers keep shaking when she is nervous. White Queen’s hypocrisy and lies are obvious. She symbolizes Alice’s bound self in a society where women’s status is not high, and she seems elegant and dignified but does not obey her inner self. In fact, the Red Queen is as simple as a child. She just stopped at the night when she was hit on the head forever, so when she was unhappy, she would yell "Cut off his head!" " She symbolizes Alice’s inner resistance to this social reality, which is the undisguised original id. The embodiment of this subconscious in dreams represents Alice’s self-consciousness, that is, the awakening of feminist consciousness.

From the perspective of character positioning, we will find that the rulers of Wonderland are the Red Queen and White Queen, both women, but in reality, before Queen Victoria ascended the throne, the rulers were always men. At that time, under the social status of women, it was difficult for women to be recognized and respected, which was realized in dreams. In the dream, after Alice defeated the Jabberwocky Dragon, the Mad Hatter danced for her, but in reality, it was often women who danced to cater to men’s preferences. Alice in the dream had high hopes from beginning to end, and all her partners expected her to save the fairyland. In the end, Alice defeated the Javelin as expected. In the real world, the heroes who save the world are often men. Only men are required to learn knowledge and learn to fight, which is needed by society, while women are regarded as reproductive tools and cannot realize their self-worth.

Comparing reality with dreams from the perspective of plot, we will find that in the film, Alice found that her brother-in-law was having an affair with others, and her brother-in-law threatened Alice not to say anything about her sister’s happiness, so she had to keep silent. In the social environment at that time, women’s marriage was arranged by the family. The society believed that a woman’s greatest glory was to marry a "good" man with power and dignity. No matter whether her married life was happy or not, women should unconditionally tolerate her husband. In the dream, Alice’s feelings are not bound by rules and regulations. She and the mad hat appreciate and help each other, which is the truest emotion from her heart and Alice’s desire for freedom. Another plot that shows this sharp contrast is that Alice in reality dreams of becoming a navigator like her father, but Alice can’t realize her dream because of the pressure from relatives and friends around her and the constraints of women’s social status.

three

Women’s image breaking through the traditional model

Now, with the development of social economy and the improvement of cultural level, women’s thoughts are becoming more and more independent. They are no longer attached to men’s lives as they were in early China. Now women have their own independent thoughts. They advocate freedom, are brave and strong, and strive for their ideal life. Therefore, more and more films are praising feminism, which is a true reflection of the realistic system under the social system.

Alice in Wonderland is set in Britain in the 19th century, which shows the rise of feminism in a patriarchal society. Judging from the character setting, women are the main characters. The violent dictatorship of the Red Queen enjoys exclusive kingship, White Queen is dignified, generous, elegant and holy, and Alice is brave and fearless. In the film, when the Red and White Queens fought, a soldier should have gone to war for White Queen, but it was Alice who went to war in the male-dominated palace, which reflected Alice’s courage; When the bear monster’s eyes were injured, Alice took the initiative to give them back to the bear monster and influenced it, which also reflected Alice’s kindness. In real life, most women carefully abide by the current rules under feudal dogma. Women live a depressed life. They try to struggle and resist, but eventually they all succumb to discrimination and power. Only a few women dare to say no to this power. Their thoughts are more independent, and they dare to fight against evil forces to seek their true selves. Alice is one of them.

In recent years, feminist films have emerged in an endless stream. This kind of films still has great value in today’s open, democratic and rapidly developing society. It treats the differences between men and women in all aspects of social life with an idea of tending to equality, and expands the living space of women in the state of giving equality to men and women, improves their social status and makes more people pay attention to this vulnerable group. Many movies and TV plays with female themes not only need to show the female thoughts of the protagonists themselves, but also have a deep exploration of female self-awareness.

The issue of women is still a problem that needs to be discussed. Nowadays, the development of feminism in different regions is uneven, and the social status of women in some developing countries is still underground. Therefore, feminist theory still has great creative value in the future film market.

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Uncle Si Wei Du is the first vertical independent video expression platform in the film and television culture industry initiated by Tan Fei, drama critic Li Xingwen and screenwriters Wang Hailin, Song Fangjin and Shi Hang. Directors, producers, screenwriters, actors, brokers, commentators, producers, etc. who have personalities and opinions are welcome to come to speak, talk shows, or dialogues. The opinions need not be consistent, but they need to come from the heart. "Say" is responsible and conceited, and boxing is sincere.

　　A few days ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Standards Committee jointly issued the Guidelines for the Construction of National Vehicle Networking Industry Standard System (General Requirements), the Guidelines for the Construction of National Vehicle Networking Industry Standard System (Information Communication) and the Guidelines for the Construction of National Vehicle Networking Industry Standard System (Electronic Products and Services) (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). In order to better understand and implement the Guide and facilitate the whole industry system to understand this work, the relevant person in charge of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology interpreted it.

　　Q: What are the considerations behind the publication of the Guide?

　　A: The car networking industry is a new industrial form that relies on information and communication technology to provide comprehensive information services through all-round connection and data interaction between cars, cars and cars, cars and roads, cars and people, and cars and service platforms, forming a deep integration of automobile, electronics, information communication, road transportation and other industries. It is a global innovation hotspot and a commanding height for future development. Vigorously developing the Internet of Vehicles is conducive to the innovative development of the automobile industry, building a new model and format of automobile and transportation services, promoting the development of assisted driving and autonomous driving, improving traffic efficiency, reducing accident rates, saving resources, reducing pollution and further liberating productivity.

　　In recent years, China’s car networking industry has developed rapidly, and the innovation of key technologies has been accelerating. The construction of test and demonstration areas has achieved initial results, and an integrated innovation ecosystem has taken shape, involving the development of many industries such as automobiles, information and communication, and digital transformation in transportation, vehicle management and other fields. In order to achieve full cooperation and strengthen coordination, it is urgent to establish a cross-industry and cross-field standard system that meets the needs of China’s technology and industrial development. To this end, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized the compilation and jointly issued the "Guide" with the National Standardization Administration Committee to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the car networking industry and accelerate the development of new technologies and services such as autonomous driving by strengthening standardization.

　　Q: How is the overall structure of the Guide considered?

　　A: Under the framework of national laws, policies and strategic requirements, we should make full use of and integrate the foundations and achievements of various fields and departments in the research field of vehicle networking standards, mobilize all industries to work together to jointly formulate the vehicle networking industry standard system.

　　According to the standardization subject and industry attributes, the Guide is divided into general requirements, intelligent networked vehicles, information and communication, electronic products and services. Among them:

　　The general requirements are the first part of the Guide and the top-level design part of the whole Guide. Mainly put forward the overall standard system structure and construction content of the car networking industry, guide the overall standardization work of the car networking industry, and promote the gradual formation of a unified and coordinated national car networking industry standard system structure.

　　The intelligent networked automobile standard system mainly defines the basic directions such as definition and classification, the general specification directions such as man-machine interface, functional safety and evaluation, and the standard directions related to product and technology applications such as environmental awareness, decision-making early warning, auxiliary control, automatic control and information interaction. According to the construction method of combining the technical logical structure and product physical structure of intelligent networked vehicles, the standard system framework of intelligent networked vehicles is defined as four parts: foundation, general specification, product and technical application, and related standards. At the same time, according to the commonness and difference of each specific standard in content scope and technical level, the four parts are further subdivided to form a subclass with complete content, reasonable structure and clear boundaries.

　　The information and communication standard system is mainly designed for the information and communication technology, network and equipment, and application services of the vehicle networking, and focuses on the research of next-generation information and communication technologies such as LTE-V2X and 5G eV2X, so as to support the related standardization requirements and key directions of the development of the vehicle networking applications. The key standards related to information communication in the vehicle networking industry are divided into three levels: perception layer (end), network layer (tube) and application layer (cloud). Supported by common basic technology and information communication security technology, the architecture is divided according to the way of "end-tube-cloud".

　　The standard system of electronic products and services mainly aims at the standardization of automotive electronic products, vehicle information systems, vehicle information services and platforms that support the industrial chain of vehicle networking, and defines the standardization development direction of vehicle networking electronic products and vehicle information services. Electronic products and services of vehicle networking include basic products, terminals, networks, platforms and services, etc. Through the basic products and terminals, intelligent information of vehicles can be collected and obtained, and driving status and environment can be perceived and processed, so as to realize vehicle information services such as traffic information, navigation service, entertainment information, safe driving, online commerce, emission information and remote control.

　　In the future, the standard system will be dynamically updated, and with the maturity of each part and the needs of the industry, it will be revised, improved and supplemented in time.

　　Q: What process did the Guide go through?

　　A: At the end of 2016, the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with the Equipment Industry Department, the Electronic Information Department, the Information and Software Services Department, the Information and Communication Development Department, the Information and Communication Administration, the Network Security Administration, the Radio Administration and other relevant departments, organized standardization organizations such as china communications standards association, China Electronics Industry Standardization Technical Association and the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee, as well as domestic experts in the fields of automobiles, electronics, information, communication, Internet, public security and transportation.

　　The Guide is divided into general requirements, intelligent networked vehicles, information and communication, electronic products and services, among which the intelligent networked vehicles part was issued at the end of 2017. After many expert discussions, soliciting opinions from departments and departments within the Ministry and relevant departments, and publicly soliciting opinions from the society, the general requirements, information and communication, and electronic products and services were officially issued in June 2018.

　　Q: What role will the Guide play?

　　A: The Guide will give full play to the top-level design and foundation leading role of standards in the construction of the ecological environment of the car networking industry, accelerate the research and formulation of common foundations, key technologies and urgently needed standards in the industry, and step up the development of standards related to autonomous driving and assisted driving, key technical standards for in-vehicle electronic products, key technical standards for wireless communication, and key technical standards such as LTE-V2X and 5G eV2X for car networking industry applications. Gradually build a cross-industry, cross-field, national car networking industry standard system that meets the needs of China’s technology and industrial development, meet the development needs of industries such as research and development, testing, demonstration and operation, provide support for building an open and collaborative car networking industry with core technologies, and lay a solid foundation for the development of autonomous driving.

　　Q: What will be the next step?

　　A: In the next step, together with relevant departments, we will continue to play the role of the special committee for the development of the car networking industry, which is composed of 20 departments and units including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport, and work together to solve problems in policies, regulations, technical standards, infrastructure and management systems, strengthen the regulation and guidance of industrial development, and create an environment conducive to industrial development. Efforts will be made to break through key technologies such as advanced sensors, on-board operating systems and middleware, on-board intelligent processing platforms and automotive chips, strengthen the coverage and application of LTE-V2X wireless communication technology, accelerate the informationization and interface transformation of road infrastructure such as signal lights and traffic signs, accelerate the establishment of an industrial system of vehicle networking, promote the development of autonomous driving, and foster new kinetic energy for economic development.

　　　 At present, the camera has reached the level of popularization, and the overall imaging quality and practicality of mobile phone cameras have been improved. Many netizens tend to leave beautiful light and shadow on their mobile phones. SLR photography technology and mobile phones are limited and connected, so naturally there are many achievements to share. Today, the editor will take stock of some photography skills in various mobile phone photography scenes, hoping to take more beautiful photos with your mobile phone, which will be of some help (click the link under the sample to go directly to the original post).

A shot from a certain angle is a panacea for self-portraits.

　　　 First of all, let’s talk about the photography skills of portraits, especially self-portraits. Because the sensor of the mobile phone is not big, if you want to shoot from a long distance, the effect is not good. Close-up selfie is a good way to give full play to the camera ability of the mobile phone.

　　 Generally speaking, it is best to take a selfie with a mobile phone, because it looks stereoscopic and the whole face is more vivid. Especially for MM, it will appear that the eyes are bright and the chin is firm. At the same time,When taking a selfie, it is best to let the top of your head stand against the picture, so that the selfie will be more full and plump.

It’s best to keep your head above the edge of the photo.

　　 Self-timer also requires a lot of light. I suggest that you choose the angle of forward light or side light, because the metering and focusing system of mobile phone is weak, and it is difficult for backlight to show the original aesthetic feeling on mobile phone, but only the dark side, so it is not recommended.Shunguang can make MM skin delicate and fair, showing Japanese aesthetic feeling (in fact, it is noise to a great extent), while sidelight can show three-dimensional sense.

Sunlight appears fair-skinned

Portrait photography pays attention to nature

　　　 In terms of portraits, in addition to taking selfies, many netizens naturally shoulder the responsibility of taking pictures of their friends, and this aspect also requires certain skills. At this time, the machine pays more attention to composition, and it is necessary to grasp the expression of the subject, so as to obtain a perfect overall feeling.

We should grasp the most natural moment when taking a portrait.

　　　 Take the following pictures of children as an example. This kind of portrait photography is mainly to capture the lovely moments of children and blend in with them.It is very important to let them relax and mobilize their emotions. It can be said that taking pictures of others, even taking pictures, requires necessary emotional interaction..

It is very important to arouse the emotions of the subject.

　　　 Portrait photography also needs to pay attention to composition.In addition to the familiar golden section, the choice of foreground and background is also very important, that is, to make the main position of the characters more prominent. At the same time, taking portraits should not be too straight and straight, which will appear too rigid, slightly tilted or looking for some other angles to have a completely different feeling.After all, mobile phones are much easier to operate than SLR, so you can change more patterns.

Avoid being too straight and inflexible in composition.

The key to landscape photography is composition.

　　　 In landscape photography, in addition to better scenery and better scenery, a better choice of angle is the key to the best film. Because the photosensitive element is relatively small, and it has not performed very well in low light environment, therefore,I still suggest taking pictures at 6-10 pm and 16-18 pm, which is the best time for light quality.

The texture of light is different at different time periods.

　　　 In fact, the landscape requires more photography techniques, especially composition. forIn order to make the scenery richer and more vivid, I suggest that you try to adopt the diagonal rule, that is, let the main line in the scenery run through the diagonal line of the framing, which is particularly tense and has far-reaching implications for the scenery.

Diagonal rule can take good photos.

　　　 The other is the triangle rule, that is, building a triangle on the screen. For example, the road surface below is actually a triangle, which is stable and gives people a sense of security.. In fact, landscape photography is more about pursuing a sense of tranquility and lofty. You might as well try this method.

Triangular composition is very stable and quiet.

　　　 of course，There is also the principle of trisection in the landscape, which is very practical for shooting water and clear-cut scenery and is particularly attractive.You can refer to the following user posts to communicate and learn.

The three-point line is very practical for taking pictures of scenery.

　

Personality photography is about creativity.

　　　 In addition to the scenery, we also have some special applications in the daily use of photography, such as some macro or scanning, or want to take emotional photos with literary sense. These alternative methods are actually the best way to improve the user’s mobile phone photography level, and of course, they also test the comprehensive quality of photographers.

Personality photography is about creativity.

　　　 For example, the following films look particularly artistic. The vastness of the sky and the grandeur of the sea make a motorcycle look small and the peony stone shows a trace of unruly and conquering desire. thisIt is a great challenge for lighting, composition and framing. It is extremely important for everyone to choose the foreground and background in the actual operation, especially the contrast between the back and the main body.

The choice of background is very important.

　　　 Sometimes some colorful films need users to feel objects or natural scenes with their heart. For example, the following sample of the raindrop effect on the window really needs the photographer’s heart.You can go toMobile phone photography forum of mobile phone channelStudy more.In macro photography, which we are familiar with, we pay great attention to the choice of light and background. The technique of this red flower below embodies the good contrast between directional light and dark background. You can try it.

Need to discover a beautiful mind

　　　 This issue of the mobile phone photography collection ends here, hoping to bring you a little help. In the next issue of the photography collection, the author will focus on how to use the relevant post-mobile phone tools to bring up more beautiful photos, so stay tuned.

　

Smoke billowed from the chimney. Zhang Xinyan’s information

　　　　　　　　On June 1st, the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Tort Liability Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the Interpretation) was issued. There are 19 articles in the Interpretation, which mainly include: the principle of imputation and the reasons for exemption; The responsibility of several people to discharge pollutants; Liability for environmental pollution caused by the fault of the third party; Distribution of burden of proof; Provisions on evidence; Evidence preservation; The responsibility of the polluter; Responsibilities of relevant environmental service agencies; Scope of application and limitation of action.

　　　　　　　　What are the highlights of the Interpretation and what impact will it bring? The reporter interviewed Sun Youhai, former deputy director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office, now professor of Tianjin University and dean of law school on these issues.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsWhat is the imputation principle of environmental pollution tort liability in the Interpretation?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe essence of Article 1 of the Interpretation is whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution. In practice, there are two opinions on whether legal sewage discharge bears the tort liability of environmental pollution.

　　　　　　　　One view is that in the past, some laws regarded "illegality" as one of the constitutive requirements of environmental pollution responsibility, so it should be adhered to. Another view is that Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law does not distinguish whether pollutants are discharged legally, but whether the polluter is at fault or not, and the polluter shall bear tort liability. In other words, even if the pollutant discharge behavior of the polluter meets the requirements of national or local pollutant discharge standards, it shall bear tort liability as long as it causes damage.

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation adheres to the "no-fault principle", that is, no matter whether the polluter is subjectively "intentional" about the pollutants discharged, as long as it discharges pollutants and causes damage, it should bear civil liability. This is the inevitable result of the development of international environmental law and the concrete embodiment of the development of China’s environmental law. According to this provision, the people’s court will not support the claim that the polluter does not assume responsibility on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards.

　　　　　　　　There are also many cases for reference in trial practice. For example, the People’s Court of Longtan District, Jilin City (2004) Long Min Yi Chu Zi No.1377 case.

　　　　　　　　The defendant is a chemical enterprise that produces sulfuric acid, and the vineyard planted by Wang is nearby. Wang sued the court for the defendant’s discharge of sulfur dioxide, which caused his grapes to be reduced due to pollution, while the defendant argued that it was a discharge unit that reached the standard through special environmental impact assessment.

　　　　　　　　The court held that the national or local pollutant discharge standards are only the basis for the environmental protection department to decide whether the pollutant discharge unit needs to pay sewage charges and carry out environmental management, rather than the boundary for determining whether the pollutant discharge unit is liable for compensation. The legal discharge of pollutants by enterprises may also lead to dangerous results of damage to others, and there should be relief if there is damage. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution does not regard illegality as a necessary condition for the actor to bear civil liability, which shows that the constitution of environmental civil liability does not require the actor’s behavior to be illegal.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow should several polluters bear the responsibility for causing damage by polluting the environment?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiSeveral polluters commit environmental pollution, including two situations: first, several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution; Second, several polluters commit environmental pollution behaviors respectively. Articles 2 and 3 of this Interpretation respectively stipulate these two situations.

　　　　　　　　First, if several polluters jointly commit environmental pollution and cause damage to the infringed, they shall be jointly and severally liable in accordance with Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　Second, if several polluters respectively commit environmental pollution and cause the same damage, the Interpretation stipulates that three situations should be distinguished.

　　　　　　　　It should be noted that Articles 2 and 3 of the Interpretation stipulate how several polluters should be held responsible for the damage caused by environmental pollution. If it is necessary to determine how to share the responsibility among several polluters, the provisions of Article 4 of the Interpretation shall apply.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to bear the responsibility for environmental pollution damage caused by the fault of the third party?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiIn practice, some environmental pollution behaviors are caused by the fault of a third person other than the polluter and the infringed. In this case, in order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed, Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law stipulates that the infringed may choose to request the polluter or a third party to compensate.

　　　　　　　　However, the Tort Liability Law does not clarify the litigation status of the polluter and the third party. If the polluter is also at fault for polluting the environment, how should the third party bear the responsibility and whether the polluter can claim to reduce or exempt the responsibility on the grounds of the third party’s fault. To this end, the fifth article of this Interpretation stipulates three aspects.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsThe Interpretation stipulates the burden of proof of the infringer and the polluter respectively. How should the parties give evidence?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 6 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of the infringed, which is based on Article 64 of the Civil Procedure Law. In practice, there is no dispute that the infringed should bear the burden of proof for the pollution behavior and the damage facts. However, there are two opinions on whether the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage results.

　　　　　　　　One view is that according to Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law, the principle of inversion of the burden of proof of causality applies to environmental pollution liability disputes, and the polluter should bear the burden of proof for the absence of causality, and the infringed should not bear any burden of proof for causality; Another view is that the infringed should submit preliminary proof materials on the correlation between pollution behavior and damage. After research, the second opinion was adopted.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 of the Interpretation is about the burden of proof of polluters, which is based on the provisions of Article 66 of the Tort Liability Law. According to Article 66 of Tort Liability Law, polluters should bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between behavior and damage. However, under what circumstances, the people’s court can determine that the polluter has completed the burden of proof, which is not clearly stipulated in the law and has different practices in practice. After repeated research, Article 7 of the Interpretation stipulates four situations.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsIt is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in some cases. How should we deal with it?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe trial of civil cases of environmental pollution often involves specialized issues such as pollutant identification, loss assessment, causal relationship identification, etc., and the judicial appraisal institution needs to issue appraisal opinions. However, at present, there are few institutions with environmental pollution appraisal qualifications, long appraisal period and high cost, which are difficult to meet the practical needs of handling cases.

　　　　　　　　In view of this, the Interpretation refers to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution, which clearly stipulates that if it is difficult to determine the specificity of environmental pollution involved in the case, it may entrust a judicial appraisal institution with relevant qualifications to issue an appraisal opinion or an institution recommended by the environmental protection department of the State Council to issue an inspection, testing or monitoring report.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to play an expert role in the trial of environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiEnvironmental tort liability disputes involve many technical and professional issues, and the parties often can’t meet the needs of litigation according to their own knowledge. Judges and litigation agents entrusted by the parties are generally expert in law, but they are not necessarily clear about the technical problems in the facts of the case.

　　　　　　　　In order to fully protect the litigation rights of the parties, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and help the judge to judge in the middle and correctly identify the facts, the Interpretation clearly stipulates the procedures and functions of people with specialized knowledge to appear in court according to Article 79 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　First, the procedure for people with specialized knowledge to appear in court. If it is necessary for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court, the parties concerned shall apply to the people’s court and explain the reasons. If a party fails to apply, the people’s court may explain it to him if it deems it necessary;

　　　　　　　　Second, the role of people with specialized knowledge in court. People with specialized knowledge appear in court, mainly to give opinions on expert opinions or professional issues such as pollutant identification, damage consequences and causality. Moreover, the opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What civil liabilities should the polluter bear in environmental tort liability disputes?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiAccording to Article 15 of Tort Liability Law, the main ways to bear tort liability are: stop the infringement; Remove obstacles; Eliminate danger; Return property; Restore to the original state; Compensation for losses; Apologize; 8 kinds, such as eliminating influence and restoring reputation. Among them, "returning property" belongs to the typical right of claim, and "eliminating influence and restoring reputation" belongs to the typical category of personality right. According to the characteristics of environmental damage, returning property, eliminating influence and restoring reputation generally do not apply to environmental tort liability disputes.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Interpretation stipulates that the people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringed person and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Among them, "restitution" mainly requires the infringer to bear the responsibility of pollution control and ecological restoration, including in-situ restoration and off-site restoration. If the infringer fails to control or repair or is unable to control or repair, the people’s court may entrust the relevant unit to perform it on his behalf, and the expenses shall be borne by the polluter. "Compensation for losses" includes the property loss and personal loss caused by the infringed party’s pollution behavior and the expenses incurred by necessary and reasonable measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminate pollution.

　　　　　　　　China environmental news: What responsibilities should environmental service agencies bear?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiArticle 65 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that environmental impact assessment institutions, environmental monitoring institutions and institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment and pollution prevention facilities, if they resort to deception in relevant environmental service activities and are responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage, they shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and shall also be jointly and severally liable with other persons responsible for environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　　　　　　　In order to enhance the practical operation of this article and unify the applicable standards of the law, Article 16 of the Interpretation stipulates that if one of the circumstances is met, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　China environmental newsHow to understand the relationship between the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases?

　　　　　　　　Sun youhaiThe newly revised Civil Procedure Law and Environmental Protection Law both stipulate environmental civil public interest litigation and private interest litigation. These two types of litigation have commonalities in ascertaining the facts of the case and taking responsibility, while public interest litigation is different from private interest litigation in the aspects of litigation subject, litigation purpose and litigation request.

　　　　　　　　To this end, the Supreme People’s Court drafted the Interpretation and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Cases. Among them, the Interpretation applies not only to environmental civil public interest litigation, but also to environmental civil private interest litigation, stipulates the general rules applicable to both types of litigation, and focuses on regulating substantive issues such as how polluters bear responsibility; The Interpretation of Environmental Public Interest Litigation only provides special rules applicable to public interest litigation, focusing on standardizing procedural issues such as parties and jurisdiction of environmental public interest litigation.

What impact does the Interpretation bring?

　　　　　　　　1. To the people’s court

　　　　　　　　In view of the problems existing in the environmental trial, the Interpretation clarifies the boundaries of civil liability that all relevant subjects should bear, which will greatly improve the quality and effectiveness of the trial and help improve the judicial credibility.

　　　　　　　　2. To the environmental protection department

　　　　　　　　In the process of drafting the Interpretation, the opinions of the competent department of environmental protection were fully solicited, and the relationship between the trial work of the people’s court and the administrative management of the competent department of environmental protection was clarified, which greatly reduced the pressure of letters and visits to environmental protection, and was bound to help improve the work efficiency of the competent department of environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　3. For polluters

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the polluter’s no-fault principle for his own pollution behavior, and also clarifies how to bear the burden of proof when several polluters commit environmental pollution and a third person causes damage. Therefore, it will play a positive role in distinguishing right from wrong and distinguishing responsibilities, thus increasing the compensation of polluters and promoting environmental improvement.

　　　　　　　　4. For pollution victims

　　　　　　　　The Interpretation clarifies the responsibilities of relevant subjects such as polluters, polluters and victims, and between them and third parties, which greatly facilitates polluters to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law. At the same time, it also clarifies some of the burden of proof that pollution victims should bear, which is objectively conducive to preventing the occurrence of indiscriminate complaints.

　　　　　　　　5. Environmental service agencies

　　　　　　　　In order to implement the new environmental protection law, the Interpretation clearly stipulates that environmental service agencies shall be jointly and severally liable for compensation for fraud that may occur in their service work. This will objectively promote them to improve their integrity and do their due diligence in environmental services within their own scope according to law.

Attached to the original interpretation:

　　　　　　　　In order to correctly hear environmental tort liability disputes, this interpretation is formulated in accordance with the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tort Liability Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Procedure Law and other laws, combined with trial practice.

　　　　　　　　the first No matter whether the polluter is at fault or not, the polluter shall bear tort liability for damage caused by environmental pollution. The people’s court shall not support the claim that the polluter is not liable on the grounds that the discharge of pollutants meets the national or local pollutant discharge standards..

　　　　　　　　Where the polluter does not bear the responsibility or reduces the responsibility, the provisions of the marine environmental protection law, the water pollution prevention law, the air pollution prevention law and other separate laws on environmental protection shall apply; Where there are no provisions in the specific law on environmental protection, the provisions of the Tort Liability Law shall apply.

　　　　　　　　the second If two or more polluters jointly commit pollution acts and cause damage, and the infringed party requests the polluters to bear joint liability according to Article 8 of the Tort Liability Law, the people’s court shall support it.

　　　　　　　　Article If two or more polluters commit pollution acts separately and cause the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is enough to cause all damage, the people’s court shall support the infringer’s request that the polluters bear joint liability according to Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case that two or more polluters have committed pollution acts respectively, causing the same damage, and each polluter’s pollution act is not enough to cause all the damage, and the infringed party requests the polluter to bear the responsibility according to Article 12 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall support the case where two or more polluters respectively commit pollution acts that cause the same damage, and some polluters’ pollution acts are enough to cause all the damage, while some polluters’ pollution acts only cause part of the damage. In accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of the Tort Liability Law, the infringed party requests the polluter that causes all the damage and other polluters to bear joint and several liability for all the damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 4 The people’s court shall determine the extent to which two or more polluters are responsible for polluting the environment according to the types, emissions, harmfulness of pollutants, whether there is a discharge permit, whether it exceeds the pollutant discharge standard, whether it exceeds the total discharge control index of key pollutants and other factors.

　　　　　　　　Article 5 The people’s court shall accept the case where the infringer sued the polluter and the third party separately or simultaneously according to the provisions of Article 68 of the Tort Liability Law.

　　　　　　　　If the infringed party requests the third party to bear the liability for compensation, the people’s court shall determine the corresponding liability for compensation according to the degree of the third party’s fault.

　　　　　　　　The people’s court shall not support the polluter’s claim that he will not bear the responsibility or reduce the responsibility on the grounds that the fault of a third party has caused damage to the environment.

　　　　　　　　Article 6 Where the infringed party requests compensation according to Article 65 of the Tort Liability Law, it shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

　　　　　　　　(1) The polluter has discharged pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(2) the damage caused by the infringer;

　　　　　　　　(3) There is a correlation between pollutants discharged by polluters or secondary pollutants and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 7 If the polluter proves one of the following circumstances, the people’s court shall determine that there is no causal relationship between the pollution behavior and the damage:

　　　　　　　　(a) the discharged pollutants did not cause the damage;

　　　　　　　　(2) The discharged pollutants that can cause the damage have not reached the place where the damage occurred;

　　　　　　　　(three) the damage occurred before the discharge of pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(4) Other circumstances in which it can be determined that there is no causal relationship between pollution behavior and damage.

　　　　　　　　Article 8 For the specialized problem of finding out the facts of environmental pollution cases, you can entrust a judicial authentication institution with relevant qualifications to issue an expert opinion or an institution recommended by the competent department of environmental protection of the State Council to issue an inspection report, test report, evaluation report or monitoring data.

　　　　　　　　Article 9 If a party applies to notify one or two persons with specialized knowledge to appear in court and put forward opinions on expert opinions, pollutant identification, damage results, causality and other professional issues, the people’s court may grant permission. If the parties fail to apply, the people’s court may interpret it if it deems it necessary.

　　　　　　　　The opinions put forward by people with specialized knowledge in court can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 10 The investigation report, inspection report, inspection report, evaluation report or monitoring data of environmental pollution incidents issued by the department responsible for environmental protection supervision and management or the agency entrusted by it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case after cross-examination by the parties.

　　　　　　　　Article 11 For sudden or short-lasting environmental pollution, if the evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain later, the people’s court shall allow the parties or interested parties to apply for evidence preservation in accordance with the provisions of Article 81 of the Civil Procedure Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 12 If the respondent has one of the circumstances stipulated in Article 63 of the Environmental Protection Law, and the parties or interested parties apply for preservation according to Article 100 or Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court may order the respondent to immediately stop the infringement or take pollution prevention measures.

　　　　　　　　Article 13 The people’s court shall reasonably determine that the polluter shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction, eliminating the danger, restoring to the original state, apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the claim of the infringer and the specific case.

　　　　　　　　Article 14 If the infringer requests restitution, the people’s court may judge the polluter to bear the responsibility of environmental restoration according to law, and at the same time determine the environmental restoration expenses that the defendant should bear when he fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration.

　　　　　　　　If the polluter fails to perform the obligation of environmental restoration within the time limit determined by the effective judgment, the people’s court may entrust others to carry out environmental restoration, and the expenses required shall be borne by the polluter.

　　　　　　　　Article 15 The people’s court shall support the infringer in suing the polluter for compensation for property losses and personal injuries caused by pollution and the reasonable expenses incurred by taking necessary measures to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminating pollution.

　　　　　　　　Article 16 Under any of the following circumstances, it shall be deemed as fraud as stipulated in Article 65 of the Environmental Protection Law:

　　　　　　　　(a) the environmental impact assessment agency issued a seriously inaccurate evaluation document knowing that the materials provided by the client were false;

　　　　　　　　(two) environmental monitoring institutions or institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of environmental monitoring equipment deliberately conceal the fact that the client has exceeded the pollutant discharge standards or exceeded the total emission control indicators of key pollutants;

　　　　　　　　(3) Institutions engaged in the maintenance and operation of pollution prevention facilities intentionally fail to operate or abnormally operate environmental monitoring equipment or pollution prevention facilities;

　　　　　　　　(four) other cases of fraud in the environmental service activities of the relevant institutions.

　　　　　　　　Article 17 Where the infringer brings a lawsuit and requests the polluter to stop the infringement, remove the obstruction and eliminate the danger, it is not subject to the limitation period stipulated in Article 66 of the Environmental Protection Law.

　　　　　　　　Article 18 This interpretation is applicable to the trial of civil cases that cause damage due to environmental pollution and ecological destruction, except as otherwise provided by laws and judicial interpretations for environmental civil public interest litigation cases.

　　　　　　　　This interpretation does not apply to disputes over adjacent pollution infringement and disputes over workers’ pollution damage in their professional activities.

　　　　　　　　Article 19 After the implementation of this interpretation, the provisions of this interpretation shall apply to cases of first and second instance that have not been concluded by the people’s courts. This interpretation does not apply to cases that have already made effective judgments before the implementation of this interpretation, and if they are retried according to law after the implementation of this interpretation.

　　　　　　　　After the implementation of this interpretation, if the judicial interpretation previously promulgated by the Supreme People’s Court is inconsistent with this interpretation, it will no longer apply.　 　 　　

　　China Securities Network News (Reporter Chen Fang) Today is March 15th International Consumer Rights Day. The reporter learned from the General Administration of Market Supervision that in 2023, the national market supervision department received 35.343 million consumer complaints, reports and inquiries through the national 12315 platform, telephone, fax and window, a year-on-year increase of 20.2%. Among them, 17.403 million complaints were accepted, a year-on-year increase of 32.8%.

　　There are five main points to watch, and a quick look at the article.

　　After-sales service accounts for the largest proportion of complaints and the fastest growth rate.

　　In the category of complaints, the problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the difficulty in product replacement, the delay in delivery time, and the failure to provide free maintenance for product damage during the warranty period.

　　Judging from the complaints, after-sales service (4.021 million), quality problems (3.617 million), food safety problems (2.066 million), contract problems (1.462 million) and unfair competition (993,000) are relatively prominent, accounting for 23.1%, 20.8% and 11.9% respectively.

　　After-sales service grew the fastest, with a year-on-year increase of 61.5%, ranking first in the problem for two consecutive years. Among them, the problem of "three guarantees" reached 2.261 million, accounting for 56.2%; There were 378,000 delivery or installation problems, accounting for 9.4%.

　　Online shopping reports account for more than 50% of the total reports, and the live broadcast has a high growth rate.

　　The problems reflected by consumers in online shopping mainly focus on the purchase of "three no" products, the inconsistency between the products obtained and the products displayed in the live broadcast room, and the difficulty in returning goods.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received 12.611 million online shopping complaints and reports, accounting for 56.1% of the total complaints and reports.

　　The scale of live broadcast e-commerce ushered in explosive growth. In the past five years, the scale of live broadcast e-commerce market has increased by 10.5 times, and the number of complaints about live broadcast goods has also increased year by year, with an increase of 47.1 times in five years.

　　The national 12315 platform received 337,000 complaints and reports of live broadcast with goods, up 52.5% year-on-year. The top three problems were after-sales service (73,000), quality problems (62,000) and unfair competition (45,000), and the fastest growing problem was unfair competition, which increased by 2 times year-on-year.

　　There are many disputes over the consumption of smart devices and complaints about tourism services.

　　All kinds of wearable smart devices and smart homes are increasingly favored by consumers, and related consumer disputes are growing rapidly.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received a total of 104,000 complaints and reports on smart devices, a year-on-year increase of 1.1 times. Among them, smart watches (33,000 pieces) and smart homes (19,000 pieces) reported more complaints.

　　The signing and performance of service consumption contracts is more serious, which is more likely to lead to consumer disputes.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received 138,000 complaints and reports on tourism services, a year-on-year increase of 2.2 times; Among them, there were 25,000 contract problems, accounting for 18.1%.

　　The problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the difficulty of refund caused by unreasonable terms set by merchants, the failure of merchants to provide corresponding goods or services as agreed in the contract, and demanding consumers to pay high liquidated damages with unfair format terms.

　　Accelerated popularization of new energy vehicles, complaints and reports have increased year after year.

　　China’s new energy vehicles are developing at a high speed, and the number of new energy vehicles has increased by 4.4 times from 3.81 million in 2019 to 20.41 million in 2023. The market share increased from 4.7% in 2019 to 31.6%, an increase of 26.9 percentage points.

　　At the same time, the number of complaints and reports of new energy vehicles received by the national platform 12315 is also increasing year by year, from 18,000 in 2019 to 135,000 in 2023, an increase of 6.5 times.

　　The problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the quality problems of new cars and merchants’ refusal to fulfill the obligation of "three guarantees", merchants’ failure to deliver goods according to the time agreed in the contract, and merchants’ refusal to fulfill the insurance agreement.

　　Deception and misleading routines. Many consumers need to be guaranteed the right to know.

　　Consumers will come into contact with all kinds of publicity information when shopping, but not all the massive publicity information is true and credible. Some merchants induce consumers to make wrong consumption choices by exaggerating and concealing the truth.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received 1.443 million false propaganda complaints and reports, a year-on-year increase of 1.7 times. The problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the fictitious product effect, exaggerating product advantages, improving false reputation through "favorable cash back" and misleading consumers to buy.

　　From the category of goods and services, there are food (296,000 pieces), cosmetics (150,000 pieces) and household items (144,000 pieces) in the category of goods. Among the service categories, there are many false propaganda complaints, including education and training services (84,000 pieces), sales services (52,000 pieces) and Internet services (38,000 pieces).

Wen | carrying a pot

Everything is beautiful on the road. High-speed trains and airplanes can reach their destinations faster. Many people like me will still stubbornly choose to travel by road, because the most beautiful scenery will always be on the road. This is also the beautiful picture presented by the documentary Crossing the Central Ridge created by Huawei Gankun and chinese national geography. Starting from the coast of the East China Sea, it crosses the three steps of China from east to west, crossing more than 5,000 kilometers from east to west, jumping 7,000 meters above sea level, and finally reaching the top of Kunlun. Every frame is shocking.

It is a great feat for the smart car industry to measure the central ridge line with wheels for the first time. Behind the vehicles and the magnificent natural scenery complement each other, it also shines with the unique brand light of Huawei Gankun. Every journey, every departure and stop in this journey is like planting the seeds of new cognition in the hearts of the public, which greatly refreshes people’s understanding of Huawei Gankun brand spirit and the boundary of intelligent driving technology.

Perhaps when Zhijia was just born, people didn’t think how it would change the way of travel, but in the video released in January 2025, the harsh weather and complex environment such as high-altitude mountain roads, rugged terrain, rain, snow and fog conquered by Huawei Gankun brought the once unreachable future into reality. It improved the upper limit of the experience of Zhijia and ensured the lower limit of the safety of Zhijia, which was the biggest surprise in the first year of commercial scale in 2024.

Be a leader in technological development.

Huawei Gankun brings intelligence to every car.

After entering the information age, codes and algorithms have created many convenient tools, and intelligent driving is one of them. It has brought safety and convenience to drivers across the ages, and at the same time made the research and development of technology simple and more difficult. It is simpler because the route is clearer, and the industry has a clear understanding of the development route of intelligent driving, that is, relying on the end-to-end architecture to make the decision-making of intelligent driving system more accurate and drive more people; It is even more difficult because the leap-forward progress from simply identifying obstacles to understanding driving scenes requires larger and longer-term computing power and human input, which are exactly the "traditional talents" of Huawei Gankun.

From the establishment of Huawei BU in 2019 to the release of ADS 3.0 in 2024, during this period, it has maintained a continuous pressure investment in research and development, and built the strongest technical foundation in the industry. Huawei Gankun applies these technologies to the process of intelligent transformation of automobiles, helping automobile enterprises to build good cars, and has become the only manufacturer with self-developed software, hardware and cloud-based full-stack solutions for intelligent products and solutions. Based on such technological advantages, Huawei Gankun has maintained a continuous technological leadership in the field of intelligent driving through continuous investment and independent research and development.

In April 2023, Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS 2.0 was released, which took the lead in reducing the dependence on high-precision maps, especially using RCR algorithm to realize the matching between navigation maps and the real world. In February 2024, Huawei Gankun realized high-speed and high-order intelligent driving in urban areas without relying on high-precision maps. When friends were still opening up intelligent driving cities in one city, Huawei Gankun directly realized that the whole country could drive, and when there was a road, it could drive.

In April, 2024, Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS 3.0 further emphasized the AI attribute. It adopted an end-to-end big model, and the perception part relied on the General Obstacle Recognition Big Perception Model (GOD), and the decision-making end relied on the Prediction-Decision-Planning Network (PDP) to realize it. The instinctive safety network was set to ensure the lower limit of intelligent driving safety. From the previous version of traditional data labeling learning to autonomous learning based on 3D model, Huawei Gankun ADS 3.0′ s driving style is more anthropomorphic and traffic efficiency is higher. In terms of experience, it reduces the braking rate by 15%, improves the ride comfort by 50% and reduces the bumpy range by 50%.

ADS 3.0 is also the first in the industry to put forward the concept of parking space to parking space, and officially pushed this function in the ADS 3.2 version in December. In this year, Huawei Gankun took the lead in realizing the integration of open roads and non-open roads, and added the functions of parking space start, roadside start, roadside temporary stop, destination change at any time and autonomous gate crossing, which greatly improved the convenience of users.

Another leading function of ADS 3.0 is VPD parking, which is the only efficient intelligent parking function in the industry that supports leaving the car. The vehicle can autonomously navigate to the designated parking space or cruise to the passenger position in response to the call without the driver staying in the vehicle. At the same time, passengers can grasp the surrounding environment, location and status information of the vehicle in real time through the mobile APP. Parking on behalf of VPD autonomous cruise parking and one-button calling have two functions, which greatly save users’ time and improve the convenience of travel.

The development and iteration of the above functions are closely related to the needs of users. Huawei Gankun is forward-looking and leading enough. Relying on years of technology accumulation and decisive decision-making, it is the first to launch corresponding functions in the industry, create excellent products, bring intelligence into every car, and let users enjoy the dividend of science and technology. This is actually a long-term investment. Because of its leading technology, it has better development prospects.

Be a leader in large-scale business.

Scale is king.

Needless to say, the importance of intelligent driving is obvious. In McKinsey’s report on the investigation of automobile consumers in China, intelligent driving, intelligent cockpit and appearance are ranked in the top three. Roland Berger’s "Automobile Industry Trend Report" also shows that intelligence, endurance and appearance are gradually gaining weight in users’ car purchase choices. Huawei Gankun also defined 2024 as the first year of commercial scale of smart driving. In my understanding, the two most critical words are "scale".

Quantitative change will lead to qualitative change, and qualitative change will lead to new quantitative change.

Leading smart driving technology will promote the large-scale expansion of smart driving in business, and the smart driving data generated by large-scale expansion will feed back research and development, making the performance of smart driving stronger. In this process, users’ cognition of intelligent driving will also be upgraded from "fear of using" to "dare to use", from "common use" to "love using" and from "self-driving" to "intelligent driving". However, it must be admitted that Zhijia does not simply put the technology on the car, but also let Zhijia try it from a small area and spread it to every ordinary user for recognition and acceptance. Here, it is necessary to bring together three major companies, such as Internet companies, technology companies and national enterprises, such as Huawei Gankun, to lead the process of large-scale commercialization, endorse scientific and technological innovation and cognitive breakthroughs with their own strong strength, and expand the limits of smart driving scenarios while promoting the versatility of smart driving functions, so that every user who chooses smart driving models has more technical trust and application confidence.

In 2024, the annual number of intelligent driving users of Huawei Gankun Zhijia exceeded 500,000; The annual total mileage of intelligent driving exceeded 1.4 billion; The number of annual parking breaks through 100 million; The mileage of intelligent driving in a single month, the proportion of intelligent driving in urban areas and the number of parking assistance are the first; Avoid possible collisions more than 1 million times; In the domestic monthly sales ranking of NCA vehicles in urban areas, Huawei’s sales of Gankun Zhijia cooperative vehicles ranked first, which exceeded the sum of the second and third places.

Such a successful precedent has brought new opportunities to the industry. As Jin Yuzhi, CEO of Huawei’s smart car solution BU, said, more and more car companies are promoting smart driving, and smart driving has changed from matching to standard.

The data also confirms his analysis. The allocation rate of L2+ new energy vehicles with the core of high-speed navigation above 200,000 has reached 65%, which has gradually become standard. The penetration rate of advanced intelligent driving represented by urban NCA is also rapidly increasing, and it is estimated that the carrying capacity will reach 20 million in five years.

The intelligent market space has been opened, and the scale-up process driven by Huawei Gankun will definitely affect the intensity and speed of the "arms race" of the whole industry, and Huawei Gankun itself is ready to deal with the further outbreak of scale in 2025.

In Jin Yuzhi’s view, in 2025, on the one hand, L2 autonomous driving technology will accelerate its penetration into low-end models and accelerate the upgrading of the entire automobile industry; On the other hand, it will accelerate its March to a higher level L3, and both policies, regulations and L3 technology will start to be piloted step by step.

Huawei Gankun will maintain pressure investment and R&D efforts to tackle the next generation of ADS, and cooperate with relevant organizations such as national standards, policies and regulations to jointly promote the commercial and urban L3 pilot of high-speed L3. In addition, in 2025, dozens of new cars equipped with Huawei Gankun Intelligent Driving ADS will be listed one after another.

Continue to maintain the leading position in technology and expand the camp in cooperation, so as to bring more and more comprehensive choices and experiences to consumers. In 2025, with the accelerated penetration of smart driving, Huawei Gankun will undoubtedly continue to be a leader in large-scale commercialization.

Reshape the future travel ecology

Huawei Gankun has been climbing upwards.

In business, if you can create a good product, you will be able to succeed in the market competition, and if you do things in a down-to-earth manner, you will surely get recognition and commercial returns in the market. Huawei Gankun has a long-term planning, and a large-scale and high-intensity investment in short-term product presentation to support R&D to complete the iteration before the industry reaction. It can run longer and faster, and every user can share the beauty brought by technology through intensive research.

The documentary series "Crossing the Central Ridge" is a beautiful vision. It is a summary of Huawei Gankun’s technological achievements in 2024 and a presentation of Huawei Gankun’s brand spirit. On the coast of the East China Sea, it shows the breadth of technology like the ocean, and the technological advantages of intelligent driving, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other fields have formed an important foundation for the development of Huawei’s Gankun brand. It shows the importance of user safety in Qinling Mountains and Bayan Kara Mountains, and regards safety as the greatest luxury. At the top of Kunlun Mountain, it proved the meaning of the word "Gankun"-piercing the sky upwards and leading the industrial development; Go down to the roots and master hard core technology.

Huawei Gankun will become the intellectual driving pole in consumers’ minds like Kunlun Mountain. On the technical level, with the rapid iteration and landing of ADS, the integrity and reliability of user experience will be ensured. At the brand level, through its own brand word-of-mouth endorsement and investment, it has brought the scale landing of Zhijia on the road of China.

It is conceivable that with the help of Huawei Gankun, the beautiful blueprint for future travel is becoming extremely clear, that is, all participants in public transportation can benefit from efficient operation. Huawei Gankun will also become the most important part of smart transportation, and will always stand at the technical peak of the smart driving industry.

　　Regarding how to do online shopping, the Chopper Party can skip it. Since someone has raised this question, it must be that they want to buy things online, want to try but don’t know how to do it, but they can’t pull their faces and ask people. Then let me be a guide and open the door to online shopping for you. Nowadays, Internet e-commerce is in full bloom, and many e-commerce platforms provide us with online shopping channels. E-commerce platforms are like Taobao, Tmall, JD.COM, Suning.cn, Gome and so on … … The shopping methods of various e-commerce platforms are similar, so take Taobao, which has the widest audience.

　　Enter the homepage of Taobao, and enter what you want to buy in the search box at the top and middle of the page. We enter "iPhone 6 phone case" here, and press Enter to jump to the page related to iPhone 6 phone. Cards with information such as price marked below the picture are the goods of Taobao sellers. Click on the card to enter the Taobao shop, which contains detailed information of the goods in the card, such as product style, buyer evaluation, seller information and so on.

　　After shopping around, you can choose the right product and put it in Taobao shopping cart for purchase settlement. After selecting the product type and style, click Buy Now, which will remind you to log in to Taobao account. If you don’t have a Taobao number, you need to click Register to apply for a Taobao account, and bind your mobile phone number, Alipay account, bank card, etc. according to the prompts (after the first registration is completed, you only need to log in to the account for the next shopping).

　　Enter the payment interface, first see if the information of the goods you bought is in line with it, in case you buy it wrong (even if you buy the wrong items, don’t worry, Taobao has a mature return process). Set the contact information and delivery address to determine the purchase of goods.

　　Enter the payment password to place an order. Waiting for the seller to deliver the goods, according to the speed of delivery and the distance from the delivery address to the receiving address, the goods will arrive in a few days.

　　This is the end of the tutorial on how to do online shopping. Shop online according to the above steps. I wish you a happy online shopping.

　　The curtain of the World Cup opens.

　　A new model of online gambling: to help acquaintances get into the water to make up for losses.

　　The bars are bustling at night, and the sound of glasses colliding is very lively. Bosses should be glad that the World Cup has brought good business and popularity again.

　　It’s not just beer that does business, but also online gambling. Although the crackdown on online gambling in China has made "agents" no longer "give away" websites and user names and passwords in bars unscrupulously, and no longer openly give away hundreds of dollars of "initial funds", on the Internet, the so-called "gambling websites" are still selling vigorously: 24-hour betting and 1-hour receipt …

　　The Beijing police never slackened. With the start of the World Cup, another online gambling case was uncovered, and the relevant people were "lifted" out of the water.

　　Our reporter Li Song Huang Jie Intern Wu Meng

　　The World Cup in South Africa is in full swing, and countless fans are immersed in the four-year football feast to appreciate the charm of competition. Behind the passion of civilization, around football, the most concerned ball game, a gambling activity with winning or losing the game as the betting object is gradually heating up.

　　A few days ago, the reporter learned from the Beijing police that in order to curb the development momentum of such illegal and criminal acts, the Beijing police launched a special campaign to crack down on pornography and gambling drugs in April, which has achieved initial results and destroyed 90 gambling gangs for profit. Among them, the Internet has become a gambling position that cannot be underestimated.

　　"On this website, the amount of bets in February this year was as high as 170 million yuan." Recently, Xuanwu police in Beijing revealed to the reporter of Legal Daily the inside story of the operation of an online gambling website recently cracked by them. "This gambling website named’ Jinsha’ is completely a pyramid scheme of stealing teachers, and its marketing chain is extremely secret."

　　Simple website mode, hidden gambling, and various "promotions" to attract members to join.

　　On February 3rd this year, the Cyber Security Department of Beijing Public Security Bureau found that a suspect in Xuanwu District, as a "super shareholder" of a gambling website, organized a large number of domestic people to conduct online gambling through an overseas gambling sites, and the amount of gambling funds involved was huge.

　　Through further investigation, investigators found that gambling sites, named "Jinsha", was engaged in illegal gambling activities in China with the help of the platform of overseas gambling websites and synchronized with overseas gambling websites. In order to avoid the blow, the "Jinsha" website is very concealed. Open the homepage of the website without any words about gambling, just a simple user name and password login block. However, this user name and password on "Jinsha" can not be easily obtained by registering or paying publicly like ordinary websites. The only way is to become a member through an acquaintance.

　　Although you become a member, you can participate in the betting on the "Jinsha" website, but this is only the first step to participate in this online gambling organization.

　　According to the rules of "Jinsha" website, ordinary members have an upper limit for each bet when they first join the club. With the continuous increase of the total number of successful transactions of members, the credit line obtained will continue to increase, and the upper limit of betting will continue to rise. In this way of "promotion", "Jinsha" and similar websites often let gamblers get deeper and deeper.

　　In addition, in order to attract gamblers to participate, "Jinsha" website adopts the method of virtual betting. That is to say, the bet is only virtual, and it is really necessary to wait until the result of one or several rounds of gambling is "settled" before the settlement and cash delivery are needed. And the biggest "benefit" of this operation is that it makes it possible for those gamblers who are short of money and are lucky to get rich to participate in gambling activities.

　　"Pyramid" structure, the banker is sure to make a profit.

　　According to the criminal suspect’s account, the operation mode of "Jinsha" gambling sites is very similar to the pyramid structure of pyramid marketing: based on an overseas Internet gambling sites, from "super shareholder" to "pyramid" gambling participants of different levels, such as "shareholder", "general agent" and "agent", to form a well-structured criminal gang, and on this basis, an online gambling casino for football matches is set up with the help of the platform of overseas gambling sites to develop.

　　As gambling sites, the main profit of "Jinsha" comes from what they call "water money".

　　The operation mode of "Jinsha" website is completely synchronized with gambling sites in other countries or regions that allow gambling. The domestic activities are only to develop offline gambling and then draw commission. The bookmakers of foreign betting companies will comprehensively consider the collected information of the clubs of both sides of the game, including the main injuries, internal upper management, capital operation, the status of the main players, and the number of bets made by the lottery players, etc., and work out the comprehensive gap between the two teams in this game, and according to this gap, work out the coefficient of profit and loss of the gamblers on both sides, which is often called "odds" by gamblers.

　　"The formulation of’ odds’ must be based on the premise that gaming companies can make a profit from it." The case-handling personnel told reporters that, for example, both sides bet on 100 yuan, assuming the odds are "2", then the winner should get twice as much money as the bet, that is, 200 yuan. But as a gambling company, the odds will only be set at "1.9" at most, and the remaining 10 yuan money will be taken away as the banker’s "water money". Therefore, in this process, only the bookmakers are sure to make a profit.

　　According to the police investigation, a "super agent" of "Jinsha" website can make profits as high as tens of thousands of yuan by "pumping water" in a game.

　　What’s even more frightening is that many gamblers don’t know that in order to obtain permanent benefits, bookmakers sometimes use their own information and technical advantages to cheat on the odds. Because the dealer can know how many people take part in a game and the betting situation of both sides at the first time, he can adjust the odds artificially by computer means in time.

　　Elite "crazy" development offline only to make up for huge gambling debts.

　　It is understood that in the cracked "Jinsha" online gambling case, the 20 suspects who were arrested were complicated, including business leaders and social idlers, but those who joined the ranks of managers generally had high school education or above.

　　Among the arrested suspects, two gambling participants with high academic qualifications and good jobs are particularly interesting. According to the police, both of them graduated from universities and used to be partners in an IT company, earning a lot of money. The company they belong to specializes in internet equipment, which has a very good benefit in North China and is also famous. By chance, the two became members of the "Jinsha" website through the introduction of acquaintances, and began to fall into the "mire" of online gambling step by step. In just over a year, two "IT elites" almost lost everything. Before being captured, the two were already "agents" of the "Jinsha" website.

　　The reason why these "elites" join the ranks of managers is mostly to make up for the debts owed by gambling as ordinary members. Because in the gang structure of the "Jinsha" pyramid, the upper platform can always control the lower platform. Every time managers develop an "off-line" gambler, they can draw from every bet of the member, and the proportion of the draw will increase with the increase of the level of managers.

　　According to reports, in order to enhance the trust of gamblers, "Jinsha" website only takes the winning or losing of various international sports competitions as the betting object to show fairness, and the website also adopts the traditional Chinese display mode, which is intended to imply that gamblers are related to gambling companies in Macao or other countries. After each game, the "Jinsha" website will check out step by step according to the administrator level. If it is just an ordinary member, it is basically fixed to meet with its superiors on Monday or Thursday and pay the gambling money.

　　This post-payment settlement method determines that every agent of Jinsha website can only develop the characteristics of acquaintances, and this characteristic itself makes similar websites easily develop into organized crimes involving black gangs, which is more difficult than ordinary forms of online gambling. The person in charge of the network security department of Xuanwu Public Security Bureau said: "In addition, online gambling itself is cross-regional, involving a large scope and involving a lot of funds, which is extremely harmful to society."

　　At present, more than 20 "Jinsha" online gambling gangs have been criminally detained by Xuanwu Public Security Bureau on suspicion of opening casinos, and the case is still under further investigation.

　　Case meaning

　　At present, you can still browse a lot of relevant information by typing "renting (renting) football management platform" or related keywords in relevant search engines.

　　It is understood that up to now, Beijing police have cracked more than 100 online gambling cases this year and arrested more than 300 gamblers. Especially since the crackdown on pornography and gambling drugs was launched on April 11th, 90 profit-making gambling gangs have been destroyed, including 16 online gambling gangs such as online gambling, online Mark Six lottery and online baccarat, 189 gambling taps have been detained in criminal detention, and more than 960,000 yuan of gambling funds have been collected. Today, the trend of encirclement and suppression of online gambling is "one wave is higher than another", but the source of its flooding still continues to spread. How to make relevant departments jointly crack down and further improve the crackdown effect may be the next issue for the police to consider.