[JMedia] Zong Qinghou reflects on the decline in performance. What makes Wahaha unable to sell?

At the end of 2016, CCTV’s second set of "Dialogue" broadcast a program called "Focus on the real economy, speak for China’s industrial industry", inviting Zong Qinghou, Dong Mingzhu and other famous enterprise leaders to talk on the same occasion. During the period, Zong Qinghou not only talked about the real economy, but also responded to a number of topics including Wahaha’s sales decline and Zong Fuli’s succession.    

Regarding the decline in performance, Zong Qinghou made a reflection and summarized the top ten reasons for the decline in Wahaha. Which one do you feel the most about?

1 Sales decrease

Of the ten reasons, Mr. Zong attributed the top one to increasing dealer costs. Rising costs have led to a decline in sales enthusiasm, and sales have also declined. "Rental costs are expensive, labor capital is expensive, and transportation costs are expensive," Mr. Zong said. "Retailers are demanding higher price spreads, so the company needs to add some high-value-added products. I’ve always said that sales should solve the problem of who sells it to you and who buys it." The first issue, he said, is a matter of interest. If you don’t make money selling your products, who will sell it to you?

The recession of the real economy and the rise of online shopping have undoubtedly brought huge challenges to traditional enterprises, and the increased taxes, rents, and labor costs cannot be compared with online shopping. How to promote the development of the real economy is not only a dilemma faced by Wahaha and Zong Qinghou, but also a problem to be solved by the development of the entire national economy.

2. The negative impact of online rumors

Nutrition Express, Shuangjiaowai "air dry" and turn into "gel"? "Drinks cause leukemia"? "Drinks contain botulinum toxin"? According to Wahaha Group’s monitoring of self-media platforms such as Sina Weibo and Tencent WeChat, the above rumors have been found since 2014. Nearly 30,000 articles have been found, and the number of reprints and views has exceeded 170 million times, causing losses to Wahaha of more than 2 billion yuan.

Because online rumors spread widely and quickly, it is easy to bring adverse effects to the enterprise and even the entire industry. Not only Wahaha, but also products like instant noodles lose countless losses every year due to the reduction in sales caused by rumors.

3. Population transfer from rural to urban areas

Wahaha is a large enterprise that has been developing for decades. Compared with other enterprises, its sales channels in rural areas and third- and fourth-tier cities have been well-established due to its strong joint distribution network. In some large cities, it is easier to expand new channels without small brands, such as small supermarkets and chain convenience stores.

With the process of urbanization in our country, the rural population continues to transfer to cities, and Wahaha’s offline channels also need to be further expanded.

4 There are too many types of products on sale, and there is a lack of large single items.

Wahaha’s official website shows that it now has 14 major series of products, including beverages, snack foods, convenience foods, drinks, dairy products, and health products.

Once, Wahaha also created pure water, AD calcium milk, nutrient fast line, nutrient solution, lotus seed eight treasure porridge and other explosive products, but with the aging of the brand and lack of innovation, the advantages of these explosive products have not been able to continue, and the congeneric products of other companies gradually catch up.

5 There is no plan for new product development

When it comes to the development of new products, the editor has to say that Wahaha has a very failed new product promotion plan. Qili is a taurine energy drink launched by Wahaha in March 2012. Wahaha used its own distribution system advantages to make a comprehensive layout at that time, and also named the most popular variety show at that time "The Voice of China".

Qili contains seven major nutrient groups such as taurine, L-carnitine, D-glucosamine hydrochloride, inositol, and B vitamins, which are very advantageous as an emerging functional drink. However, Wahaha has the wrong positioning of the product, pricing 6.5 yuan even more than Red Bull, which occupied the main market of functional drinks at that time, and in the promotion, "often drive, always have Qili; take into account specimens; authentic health functional drinks; drink Qili without harming the body; seven major nutritional attacks and enhance immunity" are too listed to give consumers memory points. Since its launch, sales have been tepid, not only failed to compete with Red Bull in the market, but also surpassed by the later launched Lehu and Dongpeng special drinks.

The media environment is constantly changing

Although Wahaha was one of the first companies to advertise, the current media formats are diverse, with traditional media declining and new media emerging. Wahaha has not yet fully adapted to this change.

7 Consumer attitudes have undergone tremendous changes

The main consumer groups are changing, and for the post-90s and post-00s, packaging is the first factor to consider, followed by whether the brand concept is appealing to people, and again whether the taste and taste of the product are suitable.

8. Market development is not deep enough and uneven

Many Wahaha products are best-selling items in the region. Due to the lack of market development depth, many Wahaha products have not been able to be developed despite their great market potential.

9 Improper command by sales executives

The former Wahaha sales boss misdirected, opened customers indiscriminately, and turned big customers into small customers, because the spread became smaller, dealer sales were not active, and end point orders were reduced.

10. Reduced harmony in vendor relationships and poor management of sales teams

The relationship between manufacturers in some markets of Wahaha is not harmonious. In some markets, salespeople cheat dealers, or dealers cheat salespeople. And some salespeople have poor discipline and are not active in work.

However, Zong Qinghou also expressed optimism that although the performance has declined, there is no big problem in rebounding again. "I have a good mentality. When I encounter difficulties and setbacks, I will pass."

In 2017, Wahaha launched more than a dozen new products, ambitious to regain lost ground. Whether it succeeds remains to be seen.

 

Where did the legendary "tank turn around" come from? The principle comes from walking tractors, which are only carried by high-end cars.

Where did the legendary "tank turn around" come from? The principle comes from walking tractors, which are only carried by high-end cars.

With the development of science and technology, the functions are becoming more and more comprehensive. Not long ago, it was reported in the media that domestic hard-liners actually had the function of turning tanks around, which also surprised many consumers and other people in the industry. Many people are asking what is the function of the Haval h9 tank to turn around? Why has this function never been heard before? Let Xiaobian explain it to you.

It is called the tank u-turn function because the car can turn around in the same place as a tank. The principle of this operation is that the tracks on both sides can be driven in opposite directions, so that the center can be used as the origin to turn around in the same place as a tank. Or you can lock the track on one side and let the track on the other side move normally, so that you can complete the in-situ U-turn with the single track as the center point like a tank.

The reason why Haval h9 uses the function of turning the tank in place is that it can be greatly reduced, and so can the tank. The application of this device can further improve the agility and mobility of the tank, thus improving the survival probability of the tank on the battlefield. Although it doesn’t involve the question of whether to survive or not, once you have the function of turning the tank in place, you can make the overall performance by going up one flight of stairs. After all, as a survival ability in the wild, you must pass the test.

Perhaps many people think that the principle of tank turning around in situ is very simple and common, because two walking tractors used in many rural areas also apply the same principle. Many two walking tractors in China can turn around in situ just by stepping on the pedal and then turning in the general direction.

It is undeniable that there are similarities between the two in principle, but there are still many differences in practice. Because of the different design structure, many traditional fuel vehicles can’t drive the two sides in the opposite direction as easily as tanks. And many of them can’t turn at a large angle as easily as our common walking tractors, so it seems that it is actually very difficult to make a traditional fuel truck turn around in situ.

When an ordinary fuel locomotive makes a U-turn, the rear wheel on one side corresponding to the turn will be stuck by the electronic lock, while the other three can move normally and keep a certain range of rotation to complete the U-turn. However, through experiments, it can be realized that the tank can turn around in situ, which can greatly reduce the radius involved in turning, and this radius is obviously similar to the radius of turning. Although many people still can’t turn around in the same place as tanks, the radius of turning can be greatly reduced after improvement. This is much more convenient for some people to pass through narrow places.

At present, which models in the world have the function of tank turning around in situ? After all, carrying this device which can realize in-situ U-turn can greatly improve the overall performance, which is also a good aid to improve the competitiveness of products. But so far, very few people have this technology. The most famous thing is that the price of this car is not cheap between 77.10 and 1.194 million. The most expensive is 570, and the price of this model has reached 1.291 to 1.417 million yuan. There is also the upcoming Haval h9, as well as domestic guns.

Since having this function can greatly improve the competitiveness of products, why is this technology not popularized in the world, and only a few have this technology? In fact, this involves the problem of cost and utilization rate. First of all, if you want to carry this function, you must have excellent economic strength and scientific and technological ability. There are not many manufacturers in the world who can put a lot of money into product research and development. In addition, if you want to have this function, you must have a large number of low-speed four-wheel drive, front, middle and rear, and crawling systems. These configurations are not cheap for ordinary manufacturers and have high requirements for installation technology.

For example, its Land Patrol and 570 both adopt many advanced configurations, such as non-load-bearing, Torsion Induction Self-locking and Creep System. It is estimated that the development and application cost of these configurations is about 30% of the whole vehicle, so the price of this car will rise a lot and many consumers will be discouraged.

The most important thing is that many consumers spend a lot of money to buy a car with the function of turning around in place, which may not be able to be used. Unless you are a local tyrant, the opportunity to buy one of these practical applications is really rare. Because this function will only play an important role in the rather harsh terrain, but for the average person, it is rare to drive out cross-country. Therefore, the market of this kind of car is very small, and not many manufacturers are willing to spend a lot of money to configure this device, so few have this function.

It may seem to many people that having the function of tank turning around in situ is just icing on the cake, because it is really rare to apply this function in real life. But the most important thing for today’s market is to develop new products to make the market glow with new vitality, and this tank’s in-situ U-turn function can be regarded as one of them.

The article is provided by the author.

EU issued regulations requiring customs to register electric vehicles imported from China, and the Ministry of Commerce responded.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference on March 14th. Some media have asked questions. Recently, the European Commission issued regulations requiring the customs to register the imports of electric vehicles from China. It is believed that the import volume increased significantly after the countervailing investigation against China last year, which will harm the EU market. What is the response of the Ministry of Commerce?

  He Yadong, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said that we have noticed that the EU recently issued regulations requiring the customs to register electric vehicles imported from China. China is highly concerned about this, and the industry is extremely worried about the measures that the EU may take in levied retroactively in the future.

  China’s electric vehicle export enterprises reflect that China’s export volume to the EU is in line with the changes in the consumption of electric vehicles in the EU, and there is no so-called surge in imports and damage to the EU market. The adoption of import registration measures and possible levied retroactively by the EU has increased import links, added burdens to normal trade, and is not conducive to deepening cooperation between the new energy industries of the two sides, and will also affect the interests of EU consumers.

  China has always insisted on resolving mutual concerns through dialogue and consultation to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. It is hoped that the European side will prudently use trade remedy measures to create a more stable and healthy environment for the development of China-EU electric vehicle industry. China will pay close attention to the follow-up actions of the European side and firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises.

China Social News article: The ins and outs of the 100 million yuan prize.

  A stone stirs up a thousand waves. Recently, a lottery winner in Gansu won the 100 million yuan prize for the two-color ball, and successfully redeemed all the 113 million yuan prize money at the provincial welfare lottery distribution center in Lanzhou on December 3, setting a record for single winning in the history of lottery in China. What kind of lottery game is a two-color ball? How can the two-color ball bonus be as high as 100 million yuan? How did the billion-dollar prize come into being? A series of question marks aroused people’s extensive interest and even raised doubts about it. Therefore, China Social News reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center.


  What kind of lottery game is a two-color ball?


  Two-color ball is a double-zone lottery lottery suitable for China’s national conditions, which is scientifically designed, improved and innovated by China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center based on the successful issuance experience of foreign lottery tickets. Approved by the Ministry of Finance, it was listed and issued on February 16th, 2003. Two-color ball adopts double-zone betting, and each bet is 2 yuan. The bettor needs to select 6 or more of the 33 red ball numbers and 1 or more of the 16 blue ball numbers at the same time to form a bet. If the number selected by the buyer is exactly the same as the number shaken during the lottery, the first prize will be won.


  Lotto lottery has the characteristics of large number of small prizes and high prize amount. Because it has a prize pool, the prize pool amount generally determines the prize amount. Therefore, with the increase of the prize pool, it is easy to arouse the interest of lottery buyers and promote the increase of sales. Recently, a lottery ticket in Germany has accumulated more than 38 million euros (more than 400 million yuan), which attracted German lottery players to snap up lottery tickets for this reason. It is precisely because of this feature and charm that lottery tickets are popular all over the world. At present, it accounts for about 42% of the world lottery sales, making it the most common and mainstream lottery variety. As a lottery ticket, the two-color ball has been increasingly favored by lottery players in China since its listing in 2003, and its weekly sales volume has increased from about 10 million yuan at first to about 450 million yuan at present. Since the beginning of this year, the sales volume has exceeded 17 billion yuan, and nearly 6 billion yuan of social welfare fund has been raised for the country. A total of 470 notes were won in the first prize of 5 million yuan, which is the most popular lottery game with the highest sales volume in China color market.


  How can the winning amount of two-color ball be as high as 100 million?


  The two-color ball is a kind of lottery ticket, but it has different characteristics from foreign general lottery tickets, mainly because the grand prize amount is capped at 5 million yuan. In other words, no matter how much the prize pool accumulates, the amount of the single-note prize must not exceed 5 million yuan. However, although the grand prize is capped, lottery players also have the opportunity to get higher bonuses. When the prize pool is high, some lottery players will adopt the method of one-bet multi-investment, that is, choose a group of numbers and buy lottery tickets with the same number of 2 bets, 5 bets and 10 bets. The higher the prize pool, the more bets they buy the same number. Although more money is invested in one bet, the amount spent is not much. For example, the winner of the 100 million yuan grand prize only spent 40 yuan. Therefore, this betting method is often adopted by lottery players, but it occasionally works. Over the past four years, 56 people across the country have won more than two prizes through the method of one bet and more votes. A lottery player in Heilongjiang made a 15-fold bet on four groups of numbers, and won the first prize of 15 notes in the 2007119 issue of the two-color ball, with a total prize of more than 65 million yuan; At the betting station No.13150026, Smurfs Internet Cafe, Haigang Development Zone, Laoting County, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, a lottery player named Liu won 105 million yuan with two single tickets with five times bet, and won a total prize of 50 million yuan; Mr. Wang from Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province won the first prize with a 6-fold "7+2" double ticket, with a total prize of more than 30 million yuan.


  According to the rules of the two-color ball game, if no one wins the first prize in the current period, the first prize will be rolled into the next period. If many periods are missed or the number of winning bets is small, the prize pool amount will be accumulated to a higher amount. November 27, 2007, is the lottery day of two-color ball lottery. The current prize pool has accumulated to 120 million yuan, which has also caused a sensation in the market. Many people are eager to try and win the grand prize by means of one injection and more investment. It is not surprising that a lottery player in Gansu made a bet of 20 times the amount of 40 yuan on the afternoon of November 27th. His goal is to win the first prize of 20-note two-color ball, and the prize pool at that time can also satisfy his desire to get a prize of 20-note 5 million yuan, totaling 100 million yuan.


  How did the 100 million yuan bonus come about?


  The time for the two-color ball lottery is 8: 45pm every Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday, and the lottery is held three times a week. The lottery is broadcast live on TV (with a delay of 30 seconds) and the program lasts for 8 minutes, which is broadcast on China Education Television CETV-1.


  According to the computer room of Gansu Welfare Lottery Distribution Center, at 14: 48 on November 27, the winner bought a double ticket with a note of "6+16", that is, six red numbered balls were selected, namely 6, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 22, which were combined with 1- 16 blue numbered balls to make a 32 yuan. At 14: 51, another group of numbers (6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 22 in red and 6 in blue) was selected from the 16 groups of numbers just purchased, and 20 bets were purchased. These two lottery tickets are normal bets and entered the database of Gansu Welfare Lottery Center. At 20 o’clock that night, the sales of Gansu Fucai two-color ball ended, and at the same time, the public began to enter the live broadcast of the two-color ball lottery in Beijing; At 20: 10, the audience will select the lottery balls for the current period (there are 4 sets of lottery balls in total, and 2 sets will be selected in the current period, one for the positive selection and one for standby); At 20: 15, under the supervision of the notary, the staff opened the safe and took out the selected two sets of lottery balls; At 20: 20, the notary and the staff jointly put the current lottery ball into the lottery machine; At 20: 45, the lottery began; At 20: 50, the lottery numbers of the current period were generated: red ball numbers 6, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 22, and basketball number 6. Subsequently, the notary delivered a notarized speech. At this point, the current lottery number is generated. At 20: 55, the lottery number was signed and sealed and sent to the provincial centers by fax; At 21: 10, after receiving the fax of the lottery number, Gansu Provincial Center conducted data retrieval according to the conventional procedure.The search results show that there are 21 first prizes in Jiayuguan No.62020119 betting station, of which 20 bets are multiple bets, and the 100 million yuan prize is generated.


  The government management department requires that lottery agencies have the responsibility to keep the personal information of the winners confidential and shall not disclose it to the public without the consent of the winners themselves. Lottery agencies must obtain the consent of the winners in advance before arranging media interviews with the winners. When the winner of the 100 million yuan prize in Gansu contacted the Welfare Lottery Center of Gansu Province to receive the prize, the Welfare Lottery Center of Gansu Province asked the winner whether he would accept media interviews, and the winner clearly stated that he would "resolutely not accept media interviews". Therefore, the Welfare Lottery Center of Gansu Province did not arrange the media to interview the winners when they received their prizes, which was handled in accordance with relevant regulations. It is also inappropriate for the media to question the lottery institutions or the winners who acted in accordance with the regulations without directly interviewing the winners.


  Since 2005, there have been lottery players, betting station salesmen and journalists from all over the country, and the general scale is about 50 people. At present, more than 11,000 people have been received at the lottery site. On November 27th, a delegation of 44 members of the public from Chongqing "Approaching the Two-color Ball" arrived in Beijing, watched the whole process of the 2007139th live lottery of China Welfare Lottery, and took a group photo at the lottery site as a souvenir, witnessing the birth of the 100 million yuan prize of the two-color ball.


  China Welfare Lottery Issuance Management Center emphasizes that lottery is a lucky game, and each lottery is an independent random event. The winning numbers are randomly generated, and the lottery is irregular. All odd or even lottery numbers are possible, and 17 odd or even numbers have been generated in the past. And always advocate lottery friends to buy lottery tickets, give love, do what they can, make rational bets, buy lottery tickets with an entertaining attitude, and treat winning with a peaceful attitude. Winning is a kind of luck, and not winning is also a contribution to social welfare.


 


More news:


The birth of China’s first lottery billionaire has been questioned on the Internet.

Migrant workers lost their love and bought lottery tickets, and 5 million wanted to test their ex-girlfriends without winning the prize.

[Video] Taiwan Province Lotto Lottery opened the first prize of NT$ 250 million with 5 notes.

Master’s research lottery won a total of 40 million yuan and invested 3 million yuan in 6 years.

On the first prize of Taiwan lottery, 800 million netizens raised money to buy fans and knelt down to ask for the number.


 

Editor: Zhu Zhen

Provide a variety of power systems. New Volkswagen Golf Official Map released.

  A few days ago, Chezhi.com obtained a set of official pictures of the new Volkswagen Golf from overseas media. The new car is a mid-term modified model, the design details have been adjusted, and a variety of powertrains are provided. It is reported that Volkswagen plans to produce only pure electric vehicles in Europe in 2033, which shows that this car may be the "swan song" of pure fuel golf.

  In terms of appearance, the most obvious change is concentrated on the headlight group. The "binocular" light source has become "monocular", and matrix LED light source is provided for optional installation, and the brightness of high beam can be doubled. At the same time, the Volkswagen brand LOGO in the middle of the penetrating light strip has added the self-luminous function, which has high recognition after being lit at night.

  The new car has also added four kinds of metal paints, namely crystal ice blue, anemone blue, oyster silver and black ebony, and the middle and high models can also choose a two-color body with a black roof. The rear part of the car is still full of three-dimensional. Similarly, the middle and high-end models can get full LED taillights with more functions, with 3D-style LED strip inside, and support the free choice of three modes.

  In terms of interior, the overall design style and layout of the new Volkswagen Golf have not changed. The size of the suspended multimedia central control panel has been upgraded, with a 10.4-inch touch screen as standard, and a 12.9-inch high-end model, and a HUD head-up display system has been provided. It is worth mentioning that Volkswagen officially received suggestions from customers, hoping to reduce the number of touch buttons in the car. This time, it was implemented in a new car. The multi-function steering wheel has been changed back to the previous physical buttons, but the buttons in the central control area are still touch-operated.

  In terms of power system, the new Volkswagen Golf will provide a variety of power combinations. Among them, the maximum horsepower of the 1.5TSI engine is 148Ps, which matches the 6-speed manual transmission, which is consistent with the power parameters of the light-mixed version of the 1.5eTSI model, but the latter is equipped with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission. The higher specification 2.0TSI engine has a maximum horsepower of 201Ps, matching the 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox, while the previous entry-level three-cylinder 1.0TSI engine was cancelled.

  In addition, the new car will also provide an eHybrid plug-in hybrid model with a maximum horsepower of 201Ps and a 6-speed dual-clutch gearbox. The battery capacity will be increased from 10.6kWh to 19.7kWh, and the pure electric cruising range will be increased from 80km to 100km. In terms of energy supplement, the car supports 11kW AC charging, can use 50kW DC fast charging, and can charge the battery capacity from 10% to 80% in 25 minutes. Under the condition of full charge and full oil, the comprehensive cruising range can reach 1000km. For more news about the new car, the car quality network will continue to pay attention to and report.

How to judge whether tea is good?

"Source of this article: People’s Daily Press"
A friend often asks me, "How to judge whether tea is good?" I seriously replied: "Tea looks clean, and it tastes sweet and delicious, which is good tea." They didn’t think so. They thought I was either perfunctory or empty. No way, I have to talk about how to judge whether tea is good.
Appearance. The shapes of tea are various, and the most common ones are strip-shaped, curly, long and round. No matter what the shape of tea leaves is, it is judged by the rope, tenderness, thickness, weight and uniformity of tea leaves. Usually, the rope is fine and tight, the gap is small, and the volume is small, followed by the bulky and loose one. Generally speaking, no matter what shape of tea leaves are, as long as they are compact and heavy, without yellow flakes and thick branches, they will not be bad.
Gloss. It is difficult to subjectively say which color of tea is absolutely good for tea from different producing areas and different technologies, but one thing can be objectively judged, that is, the gloss of tea. No matter what color tea is, as long as it looks bright, oily and textured, it is good tea.
Dry humidity. The water content standard of all kinds of tea is kept at 5%-7%. More than 8% of tea is easy to age, and more than 12% of tea is easy to mildew. At present, many tea farmers deliberately control the water content at more than 10% when making crude tea, so that the weight of tea will increase. This kind of raw tea will feel very good when it is first tried out of the oven, but the taste will change completely after a while, so the dryness and humidity of tea is very important. I introduce a method to measure the moisture content of tea by hand: hold a large handful of tea in your hand for three to four times repeatedly, and there is a tingling sensation in your hand. When you hear the sound of broken branches, the moisture content of tea will generally not exceed 8%; The tea with water content above 10% has no tingling sensation in the palm of your hand when you hold it, and the tea is a little soft and smells green. Of course, there is also a remedy to buy tea with high water content, that is, put the tea in an air-conditioned room with air conditioning, which can not only remove some water from the tea, but also prevent it from rapid oxidation.
Soup color. The color of soup refers to the color of tea soup after brewing, which can be divided into three types: normal color, bad color change and old color change. Normal color refers to the tea made under normal harvesting conditions, and the tea soup shows the normal color after brewing. For example, green tea or green tea is green or light yellow (also called goose yellow) after brewing; Black tea is red soup color or golden soup color, red and bright. Bad discoloration means that it is difficult for tea soup to present its proper color because of improper collection, transportation or initial preparation of fresh tea. For example, the soup color of deteriorated green tea is grayish brown or reddish in yellow. Aging discoloration means that it is difficult for tea soup to present its proper color due to aging in the production process. For example, if the tea leaves are not kneaded in time after fixation, and are not spread to cool or dry in time after kneading, the soup color of new tea will be old. Properly made new tea, the soup is bright and crystal clear; When the tea is aged, the soup color is yellow, brown and gray, and the turbidity is everywhere.
The above are some opinions on "observing the face and observing the color". Let’s talk about the soul of tea endoplasm.
Smell the fragrance. Different land, climate, varieties and production techniques make the aroma of all kinds of tea have their own characteristics and styles. As a whole, it can be summarized into five evaluation factors: purity, richness, freshness, flatness and coarseness.
Pure: the fragrance is pure, and there is no miscellaneous taste and greasy feeling.
Strong: The aroma is strong and long.
Fresh and refreshing: the smell is fresh, which makes people feel refreshed, such as being in a mountain or a place with a good ecological environment, and feeling in the air with high negative ions.
Ping: The aroma is plain, and there is no strange smell.
Coarse: fragrant, but the fragrance is mixed, choking the nose and spicy.
The durability of aroma is also a factor to judge the quality of tea. I condensed the criteria for judging good tea into four simple words-quiet and elegant, and the durability of tea is reflected in the word "quiet". "Quiet" means that the aroma of tea is long and lasting.
I sum up the smell of incense as follows: the pure is pure, the fragrance is elegant but not greasy, and the light and tasteful is quiet. With this feature, good tea is undoubtedly also.
Let’s talk about the taste of tea. Taste means the feeling after drinking. Alcohol is just right. Tea tastes fresh, mellow, fragrant and sweet. The taste of inferior tea is bitter, coarse and pungent, and some people interpret this performance as strong and sweet, especially the tea drinkers of the older generation in Chaoshan often describe this bad taste as "fleshy", "full mouth" and "strong enough".
Sometimes the tea soup tastes bad, which may be due to the thick water. Rough water is not a feeling, but a fact. Sometimes, we feel that after drinking tea soup, there are attachments on the tongue surface or the bottom of the tongue, which makes the tongue surface feel rough. This is because there are more particles in the tea soup. There are two sources of particulate matter: first, the tea processing process is unsanitary, dust and sand are attached, or wood ash particles are caused by improper baking with charcoal fire, which belongs to foreign coarse particles; Second, the release of particles is related to the quality of tea. For example, the tea growing at low altitude has high temperature, fast growth speed, thick leaves and loose fibers. After making and baking at high temperature, once soaked, the crumbs and particles on the edge of tea will dissolve in water, making the tea soup more particles and the tea soup thicker. This is an endogenous particle, which will have a dull and astringent taste after drinking.
In front of me, I talked about several basic elements of tea evaluation, from the shape, appearance and gloss of tea to the color, smell and taste of soup, and finally talked about the evaluation of leaf bottom.
Many people drink tea, whether they understand or not, they will pick up the cover bowl and smell it, and then poke the tea with the cover. The technical term of this link is "viewing the bottom of the leaf". Viewing the bottom of leaves is also a method to judge the grade of tea. Generally speaking, the color is the first thing to look at at the bottom of the leaves. After fully brewing, the leaves are spread out and the color is uniform, and one side is not red and the other side is green. The texture of the leaves is oily, there is no obvious explosion point or burning point, and the integrity of the leaves is high. It is good tea to have such a leaf bottom. Of course, tea culture is profound, and not all teas are the same. Some teas with obvious characteristics, such as Jin Junmei in Tongmuguan, are still tall and straight after soaking in water for more than 20 years, and each bud head is bright and thick, like a red tassel gun head; If it is Jin Junmei made of green tea buds from Guanwai or Jiangxi, after several times of brewing, all the buds will stick together and never stand up again.
Of course, these people need to be judged by people who have rich experience or major in tea research, and ordinary tea drinkers don’t need to spend so much energy to study these problems.
(This article is excerpted from People’s Daily Publishing House "Thinking about Tea")
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