At 20:20 on the evening of May 14th, the new issue of "Run 9" by An Muxi of Zhejiang Satellite TV was launched, continuing the process of the "Three Kingdoms Theme Literature" conference in the previous issue of Hi Heart Infinite Culture Co., Ltd., and the running men group Li Chen, Yang Ying, Zheng Kai, Sha Yi, Cai Xukun, and Huang Xuxi continued their journey of "wearing books". In this issue, the running men family members and guests formed teams in pairs to obtain clues by completing tasks. Only by finding the team of the real protagonist in the book can they win and return to the real world. All members kept running and making bold assumptions through layers of reasoning. Finally, Cai Xukun and Zhang Shaohan’s team found that the "mage Zhang Jiao" played by Yu Yang was the "protagonist" in the book.

After the broadcast of the show, CSM63 City received 3.069 ratings, leading all variety shows on weekends, becoming the only variety show on weekends to break 3, presenting on all major platforms with 109 hot searches, and the popularity remained high. In addition, the show focused on the "ordinary public", turning the NPCs who were originally out of the audience’s sight into the real protagonists of the story. As director Yao Yitian said: "The setting up of such a program is not only to let everyone learn more about the characters in’Three Kingdoms’, but also to provoke thinking about’big history and small people ‘by finding the protagonist… Maybe your days seem ordinary, but everyone is the protagonist of their own life. So don’t underestimate yourself, everyone is amazing." The content was profound and triggered a discussion on the whole network. Some netizens shouted: "After watching this program, I feel that I need to love life more!"

Zhang Binbin’s "earthy love words" were disliked by Yang Ying

Huang Xuxi’s pronunciation of "plastic" made the audience laugh

All the members were dressed in ancient costumes, and the first meeting was staged in countless hilarious scenes. After Zhang Binbin’s "Lu Bu" and Yang Ying’s "Diao Chan" looked at each other affectionately, he said to "Diao Chan": "You are my eternal heroine." Yang Ying couldn’t resist "Lu Bu’s" earthy love words ", and her expression gradually lost control, but Zhang Binbin complained:" It’s not all your script! "

The program’s strong intention has attracted praise from the tap water

The team of Sha Yi and Meng Jia from the "Sun Liu" alliance was suspected by everyone to be the "protagonist", so they were "besieged" by Zhou Ye and "Big Qiao" Li Chun and others. Unexpectedly, Sha Yi, who finally thought he was good-looking and took the "protagonist" script, was only a "supporting role". Li Chen "secretly observed" the crowd, waiting for the opportunity to move in the dark, but also "the bamboo basket was empty". Finally, Cai Xukun and Zhang Shaohan’s team reasoned that Yu Yang was the real protagonist.

　　◎ Intern reporter, He Liang

　　On April 21, NASA’s official website announced that astronomers had released a new all-sky map of the Milky Way’s periphery. There was a particularly obvious bright spot on the map, which was a stellar wake caused by a dwarf galaxy that was about to collide with the Milky Way, which also aroused heated discussions among astronomers. Chang Jiang, a doctor of astrophysics at the Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that this is the first time that humans have directly observed a high-density wake that generates dynamic friction after the theory of dynamic friction was proposed in the 1940s. Its discovery will improve the theoretical framework of galaxy dynamics and play an important role in promoting the theory of galaxy cosmology.

　　Dynamic friction effect has not been directly observed until now

　　Dynamical friction effect is an important physical mechanism in galactic cosmology, but there is no direct observational evidence.

　　Chang Jiang said that in general, the motion of celestial bodies only needs to consider the attractive force, not the friction caused by electromagnetic interactions. For example, the earth revolves around the sun for 5 billion years and is hardly affected by friction.

　　When a massive object is stationary in the background density field, the resultant attractive force in all directions is zero, and the motion properties do not change. However, if it moves relative to the background density field, it will cause its gravitational attraction to surrounding matter and form a high-density wake behind it. This wake will bring a backward static attractive force, which will drag the object down and produce a similar result to friction, so this effect is called "dynamic friction".

　　Imagine a small boat on a big river, and the boat’s rope is tied to the shore. If the tether is released, the boat will be washed away by the river, due to the friction between the river and the boat (stickiness is not considered here). Chang Jiang explained to the Science and Technology Daily reporter that if the motion state of the boat and the river is different, the boat will be carried along with the river because of the friction of the river; if the river has no friction, and the attractive force of the river from all directions is exactly zero, even if the tether is released, the boat will stay in place because of Newton’s first law.

　　However, even in an environment where the river has no friction but attractive force, the flow path will be bent by the attractive force of the boat after the water passes through the boat – the water passing on the left side of the boat will turn right, the water passing on the right side of the boat will turn left, and the stern will produce a high-density wake, so that there is more material behind the boat than in front of the boat, thus creating a net attractive force backwards for the boat, which will cause the boat to move backwards. "Although the river has no friction, due to the accumulation of attractive forces, there will still be a friction-like effect," Chang Jiang emphasizes.

　　Like ships, galaxies move in a background material field, generating dynamic friction that causes them to slow down. The larger the spatial scale, the more pronounced this effect is. In the solar system, it can be ignored, but it is very obvious on the galactic scale.

　　This is the first time that humans have observed this high-density wake, which is the blue, white mass below the Milky Way in the all-sky map. "This shows that the number of stars there is higher than the surrounding ones, and it is likely that the two galaxies on the right side of the Milky Way disk (the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds) produce high-density wake of stars as they move through the Milky Way," Chang Jiang said.

　　New opportunities to study the Large Magellanic Cloud and dark matter

　　The new map also reveals the connection between this high-density wake and a dwarf galaxy called the Large Magellanic Cloud (hereafter referred to as the Barley Cloud) – the Barley Cloud sails through the Milky Way halo like a ship through the water (scientists believe that the Milky Way’s halo is a "hodgepodge" of high-speed stars, star clusters, and diffuse dwarf galaxies thrown out by the Milky Way, including low-density stellar spheres of stars with no obvious structure and various star streams, stellar high-density regions). Its attractive force gathers the stars in the halo and creates a wake behind it.

　　Changjiang told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the barley cloud is the largest satellite galaxy in the Milky Way, with a total mass of roughly one-tenth of the Milky Way, but it is likely to have just "fallen" in, so it is affected by the tide for too short a time, and the tidal structure is not fully developed, so it is difficult for us to study its "falling" process.

　　This discovery is equivalent to providing a new structure or new perspective to study the falling process of the barley cloud. Chang Jiang said that because the barley cloud is so large, it can serve as a good "probe" to study the structure of the Milky Way and surrounding areas, and even limit cosmology and dark matter theories. Some astronomers believe that the Milky Way is wrapped in a huge dark matter halo, and stars and gas together make up only 3% of the mass of this dark matter halo.

　　"Obviously, according to the kinetic friction theory, this high-density wake is not only composed of high-density stars, but also there should be a more massive dark matter wake at the same location, and the combined force of the two will slow down the barley cloud." Chang Jiang boldly imagined that although dark matter cannot be seen, through the study of the stellar structure and barley cloud dynamics, the mass and range of this wake can be inferred, so as to further infer the ratio of stars and dark matter, the structure of the stellar halo, and the structure, distribution, and mass of the dark matter halo in the Milky Way, and to judge the nature of dark matter, to see if it is cold dark matter or warm dark matter, or some other special particle.

　　Telescopes help humanity understand the Milky Way and the universe

　　"The previous all-sky maps either couldn’t see the outer halo; or the accuracy was not high, and the number of stars was not enough; or the data from multiple telescopes were combined, and the observation accuracy was uncertain." Chang Jiang said that the successful observation of the faint stellar wake by astronomers this time was due to the improvement of observation capabilities and the advantage of space telescopes to achieve all-sky observations.

　　Moreover, since the earth is located on the Milky Way disk, where the density of stars, gas, dust and other celestial bodies is very high, optical observation of the Milky Way disk has always been a big problem. In addition to the structure of the Milky Way disk, observation capabilities also limit the observation of the edge of the Milky Way disk, the Milky Way halo, satellite galaxies in the Milky Way and star streams. "It is difficult to see them in areas that are too far and too dark, and even if you see them, the information obtained is extremely limited," said Chang Jiang. "This requires on the one hand the improvement of telescope technology. On the other hand, it requires multi-band observations, such as seeing high-temperature gas and high-energy processes through X-rays, and observing gas in the Milky Way through radio telescopes. The Purple Mountain Observatory is currently drawing the’galactic picture ‘of the gas distribution in the Milky Way through radio observations

　　"Stimulate the battlefield below the golden level, 80 AI in one game", this is a topic that cannot be avoided recently about mobile PUBG.

　　Regardless of whether the chicken-eating mobile game is really ***ting cold, after all, it is not uncommon for such a hundred-person online mobile game to use robots to make up numbers to speed up the matching rhythm. But why, almost everyone who has played the exciting battlefield will invariably question – "These are all robots, right?" The answer is obvious, the robots used to make up numbers are really ******.

　　Without collecting equipment, without looking for cover, with poor marksmanship, and slow response… In a game where everyone has a lot of tricks, these special players are like couriers delivering equipment, which is very abrupt. Even if it is to take care of the gaming experience of novice players, but in high-end games, they will also encounter such "silly and sweet", which makes people wonder: Can’t these AIs be smarter?

　　Today, we will discuss the past, present, and future of AI players in the history of gaming.

　　Evolution history of game AI

　　Since the birth of video games, there has been a shadow of game AI, whether it is the earliest oscilloscope tennis or tic-tac-toe, especially in the past when multiplayer online games were still trapped in the difficulty of popularizing network technology. AI in stand-alone games has become the most reliable companion for players and the absolute overlord of the game world at that time.

　　In a sense, the prototype of video game AI may have already appeared in the classic arcade game "Pac-Man". At that time, the AI in the game was beginning to rise around the world, and "Pac-Man" at that time made a great attempt in this regard. There are a total of 4 different colors of monsters in the game, and each monster has a different pursuit algorithm, and all monsters have a unified goal of encircling and chasing. Therefore, in the game at that time, those monsters did not line up to chase the player, but "chased and intercepted" the player from different paths and methods, and there may be different choices at each intersection. This mechanism has made Pac-Man a significant attempt for modern video game AI, and has also made Pac-Man a classic in the hearts of gamers.

　　Since then, more classic games have begun to revolve around opposing AI characters, such as Super Mario Brothers, The Legend of Zelda, Prince of Persia, and Mega Man 2. In these popular games, AI has become the key to ensuring the game experience and controlling the difficulty of the game. At that time, the core of the game was actually the confrontation between the player and the AI, but in different ways.

　　At that time, the ultimate purpose of AI was to let players defeat and then gain a sense of achievement. However, AI at that time was still in the "pseudo-intelligence" stage, and the actions of the relevant virtual characters in the game were based on a series of scripts set in advance based on the conditional judgment language.

　　However, as game types and gameplay have evolved, the roles and functions of AI have also changed. A typical example of this is 1987’s Metal Gear, in which AI first appeared in the game as a player’s equivalent, was given the role of patrol, and for the first time added the hostile reaction mechanism to the player. This mechanism gradually formed the enemy alarm mode of the core NPC in the Metal Gear series. The appearance of this AI mode also further expanded the mission and role scope of AI in the game.

　　With the rapid development of hardware, algorithms, and computing power in the video game industry over the past 30 years, the pace of evolution of AI in games has gradually widened compared to that of human players. Especially at that time, most game mechanics were testing the player’s reaction and operation. In these aspects, AI has quickly destroyed humans. First-person shooter games are a good example.

　　Starting with Counter Strike in 1999 and then Road to Survival, Valve laid the foundation for AI in FPS games, but in the early years, robots in CS have always been one of the places where players complain. At that time, robots were responsible for filling vacancies in the game. They had no other role than being cannon fodder and meat shields, because they basically acted according to easy-to-master rules, and most non-novice players could easily kill them.

　　However, it is not difficult for those familiar with FPS games to find that in recent years, the AI in many FPS games has become more and more "brutal", and the difficulty level has also increased. In many cases, the highest difficulty AI combat power has far exceeded that of most players. In a recent online elite game of "CS: GO", there was an amazing scene – a robot named BOT Connor single-handedly killed the members of the opposing team.

　　Today, AI is beginning to surpass humans in all aspects of different games, and even the various chess games that humans are proud of have long been beaten by IBM, Google and other tech giants. Not long ago, Go was completely lost without accident.

　　Humans are responsible for inventing games, while AI is responsible for conquering games and players, which seems to be an irreversible trend. But in fact, there is always a battlefield in the field of games, where AI cannot completely defeat humans.

　　Real-time strategy, humanity’s last "high ground"?

　　After AlphaGo’s 3-0 victory over Ke Jie in May last year, many people lamented that humanity had become a complete catch-up on the road of "Game". However, AlphaGo did not think so, because it has another goal – "StarCraft".

　　As early as 2016, after AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol, Deepmind announced that it would challenge StarCraft players with AI in the future. But a year later, when AlphaGo was already alone in the Go world, AI was still "crushed" by top human players in the game of StarCraft. Google’s DeepMind practiced for a year and couldn’t even beat simple NPCs. In a game at the end of 2017, CherryPi from Facebook AI Research Institute was also swept by South Korean former professional player Song Bingju 0:4.

　　The momentum of AI’s destruction in other fields seemed to stop abruptly in the face of StarCraft, all because of the characteristic mechanism of games like StarCraft, the fog of war.

　　"StarCraft" is a game like Go, but the addition of the "Fog of War" mechanism has become a gap that AI cannot cross.

　　In the game of Go, both sides could see each other’s current situation at any time, which meant that the player had no hidden information, and all the information in the past was clear at a glance. The so-called knowing oneself and knowing one’s enemy depended on the player’s thorough understanding and imagination of the rules of the game.

　　In real-time strategy games such as StarCraft, the fog of war makes it impossible for both sides to know all the information in the game. In this case, based on the limited information collected to make judgments and decisions about the dynamic situation, when to do what, many times need to rely on inference and guesswork. This is the "incomplete information game" that makes AI headaches, and games like Warcraft, Dota, etc. belong to this category.

　　There is a common phenomenon between top AI and humans in such games – winning the battle and losing the war. If you analyze the gap between AI and humans, intuitively, it mainly lies in the "big picture" and "rhythm" aspects.

　　As Geek Park mentioned in the previous article "Win Go first, then win the tower, and how can artificial intelligence catch up with humans in the game?", in this type of game, the change of strength is more dynamic, no one is absolutely strong and weak, the real winner may be at a certain point in time to seize the weakness of the other party, and the judgment of this point in time is a complex decision made through investigation and empirical judgment. Both sides of the game can change the direction of the battlefield by inducing and feigning attacks. Even if they are weak, they can achieve the transformation of the situation through some psychological games.

　　When to attack, when to retreat, where to attack, divide and outflank, sneak attack and harassment, feint and lure… In the incomplete information, it is difficult for the AI to tease out absolutely valid logic to support the decision, so it is difficult to make key judgments at the right time.

　　Therefore, in the past, many real-time strategy games could only improve their AI level by increasing their AI resource income, building speed, and fully opening the map. Under the same restrictions as human players, it was difficult to simply rely on operations to win the entire game.

　　Where is the future of gaming AI?

　　Perhaps AI will soon be able to defeat humans in the field of real-time strategy games, but that is not the future of gaming AI.

　　With the investment and guidance of tech giants such as Google, Facebook, and IBM in this regard, it is not surprising that AI is likely to defeat humans in real-time strategy games in the future. For humans, it is more important to make better use of the development of AI to provide players with a better gaming experience. Just like when AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, AlphaGo did not destroy the 3,000-year-old game, but opened the door to a new world of Go for humans through its own advantages.

　　Regarding the exploration of the future of game AI, the famous game masterpiece "GTA5" is a perfect case. This open game with high realism and complexity has huge randomness, providing players with an unprecedented gaming experience. What’s more interesting is that this game has also become an experimental field for many autonomous driving AI. Intel Labs, Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany and Princeton University have all chosen to use the "GTA5" game to train artificial intelligence for autonomous driving.

　　You know, smarter AI in the game can do far more than just defeat opponents, more importantly, according to the development of the plot and player characteristics, to provide a more perfect game experience, which can be dynamically increased difficulty, of course, can also be reduced, everything is to make the game more interesting to play.

　　There is no need to worry too much about whether AI will eventually defeat humans, after all, we still have Werewolves. If one day AI can really read words, read expressions, and tone, and then deceive all humans to win, that will be the end of AI…

　　Sina Technology official account

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　　A few days ago, Chezhi.com obtained a set of official pictures of the new Volkswagen Golf from overseas media. The new car is a mid-term modified model, the design details have been adjusted, and a variety of powertrains are provided. It is reported that Volkswagen plans to produce only pure electric vehicles in Europe in 2033, which shows that this car may be the "swan song" of pure fuel golf.

　　In terms of appearance, the most obvious change is concentrated on the headlight group. The "binocular" light source has become "monocular", and matrix LED light source is provided for optional installation, and the brightness of high beam can be doubled. At the same time, the Volkswagen brand LOGO in the middle of the penetrating light strip has added the self-luminous function, which has high recognition after being lit at night.

　　The new car has also added four kinds of metal paints, namely crystal ice blue, anemone blue, oyster silver and black ebony, and the middle and high models can also choose a two-color body with a black roof. The rear part of the car is still full of three-dimensional. Similarly, the middle and high-end models can get full LED taillights with more functions, with 3D-style LED strip inside, and support the free choice of three modes.

　　In terms of interior, the overall design style and layout of the new Volkswagen Golf have not changed. The size of the suspended multimedia central control panel has been upgraded, with a 10.4-inch touch screen as standard, and a 12.9-inch high-end model, and a HUD head-up display system has been provided. It is worth mentioning that Volkswagen officially received suggestions from customers, hoping to reduce the number of touch buttons in the car. This time, it was implemented in a new car. The multi-function steering wheel has been changed back to the previous physical buttons, but the buttons in the central control area are still touch-operated.

　　In terms of power system, the new Volkswagen Golf will provide a variety of power combinations. Among them, the maximum horsepower of the 1.5TSI engine is 148Ps, which matches the 6-speed manual transmission, which is consistent with the power parameters of the light-mixed version of the 1.5eTSI model, but the latter is equipped with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission. The higher specification 2.0TSI engine has a maximum horsepower of 201Ps, matching the 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox, while the previous entry-level three-cylinder 1.0TSI engine was cancelled.

　　In addition, the new car will also provide an eHybrid plug-in hybrid model with a maximum horsepower of 201Ps and a 6-speed dual-clutch gearbox. The battery capacity will be increased from 10.6kWh to 19.7kWh, and the pure electric cruising range will be increased from 80km to 100km. In terms of energy supplement, the car supports 11kW AC charging, can use 50kW DC fast charging, and can charge the battery capacity from 10% to 80% in 25 minutes. Under the condition of full charge and full oil, the comprehensive cruising range can reach 1000km. For more news about the new car, the car quality network will continue to pay attention to and report.