Author: Qin Fang (Associate Research Fellow, China Family Finance Research Center, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics); Xie Kai (PhD candidate, Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics); Gan Li (Director and Professor, China Family Finance Research and Research Center, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

　　editorial comment/note

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "to speed up the construction of the national strategic talent force, and strive to cultivate more masters, strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams, young scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, great country craftsmen and highly skilled talents", and "outstanding engineers" were placed in an important position of the national strategic talent force.

　　As the largest country in engineering education in the world, under the overall leadership of the Party, China’s engineering education has made historic achievements, trained many high-level engineering and technical talents, and provided solid intellectual support for China and even the global industrial progress. Facing the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, how to build a team of engineers who love the party and serve the country, are dedicated, have outstanding technical innovation ability and are good at solving complex engineering problems? This edition features relevant research reports and expert articles.

　　Engineers are an important human capital in the national economic and social development, and an important force in implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents and innovation-driven development. In order to achieve high-quality development, the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, it is necessary to analyze and judge the supply and demand of engineers. According to the investigation, we should focus on solving the outstanding problems such as insufficient supply of high-level talents in key fields and the disconnection between engineering education and engineering ability training, continue to deepen the integration of production and education, and vigorously innovate the training mode of engineers.

　　In Jingxing Vocational and Technical Education Center, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, teachers guide students to learn robot-related knowledge. Xinhua news agency

　　Look at the current situation: the scale is considerable, but it is still difficult to match the needs of manufacturing powers.

　　■ The total number of engineers is large, but it accounts for a low proportion of the labor force.According to the calculation of China Family Finance Research and Research Center of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, by 2020, there are about 19.05 million scientists and engineers in China, including 17.653 million engineers, ranking among the top in the world. However, from the perspective of the proportion of the labor force, there is still room for growth. The proportion of scientists and engineers in the total labor force in China is 2.4%, which is 2.04% and 5.03% lower than that in the United States and the European Union respectively. This restricts the upgrading and optimization of China’s industrial structure to a certain extent, and there is still great potential to be tapped.

　　■ The scale of engineers does not match the status of manufacturing industry.China’s manufacturing industry ranks first in the world, and its added value accounts for a high proportion of GDP, but manufacturing engineers account for a low proportion of employees. In 2020, the proportion of scientists and engineers in China’s manufacturing industry is only 3.55%, far below the level of Germany’s 23.2% and the European Union’s 14.2%.

　　Liu Fei (third from left), the chief engineer of the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Tianjin), and the technical management staff check the drawings. Xinhua news agency

　　■The number of newly-added science and engineering graduates is considerable, but it accounts for a low proportion of the school-age population.Science and engineering graduates with higher education are the most important source of supply for engineers. In 2020, there will be about 3,423,100 new science and engineering graduates in China, far exceeding other economies, reflecting the scale advantage of China’s potential engineers. However, judging from the proportion of the school-age population (25-34 years old), China is only 1.58%, which is lower than that of France (2.74%) and South Korea (2.68%). The shortage of potential supply sources of engineers has become an important factor restricting the adjustment and upgrading of China’s industrial structure.

　　Look at the trend: the gap between supply and demand may further increase.

　　■ The engineer labor market has been in short supply for a long time.The recruitment ratio is the ratio of effective demand to effective job seekers in the labor market in a statistical period. Engineers in China have been in short supply for a long time, especially the demand for senior engineers far exceeds the number of job seekers. In recent years, driven by the epidemic situation in COVID-19 and the demand for upgrading industrial structure, the demand for junior, intermediate and senior engineers is in short supply, and the recruitment rate of junior engineers has increased greatly.

　　■ The gap between supply and demand of engineers will further increase in the future.According to the calculation of China Family Finance Research and Research Center of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, according to the goal that the added value of China’s manufacturing industry accounts for a stable proportion of GDP, the gap between supply and demand of engineers in China will be expanded from less than 1% to 32% in the next 15 years. If the proportion of engineers in China’s labor force reaches the current average level of developed countries in 2035, the demand for engineers will be about 45 million. Data analysis shows that in 2023 — In 2035, the supply scale of engineers in China will increase from 20.592 million in 2023 to 31.911 million in 2035, and the gap between total demand and total supply will continue to widen.

　　Engineers carry out assembly work on the AG600M assembly line of Guangdong Zhuhai avic tongfei south China aircraft industry co., ltd.

　　Probe into the reason: the willingness to study in science and engineering and the willingness to work have both declined.

　　■ Young people’s willingness to study science and engineering majors has declined.The proportion of science and engineering graduates in the total graduates can reflect the willingness to study in related majors to some extent. With the expansion of colleges and universities in recent years, the scale of science and engineering graduates in China has increased steadily, however, the proportion in the total number of graduates has declined. In 2000, the proportion of science and engineering graduates in the total number of graduates in China was as high as 67%, and it will drop to less than 40% by 2020.

　　The decline of young people’s willingness to study science and engineering is a common problem faced by countries all over the world. The reasons are as follows: First, the learning difficulty of science and engineering-related majors is much higher than that of humanities and social sciences majors. The data shows that in 2017, only 48.0% of high school graduates in the United States were interested in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (hereinafter referred to as "STEM"), and less than 40% of college students who chose STEM when they entered school got professional degrees. Secondly, the teaching methods of science and engineering lack interest orientation. In China, the interest of primary and middle school students in learning STEM courses has obviously weakened with their age. Some schools and parents pay insufficient attention to cultivating students’ ability to discover, explore and solve problems, and generally ignore stimulating their interest in learning. In addition, factors such as poor employment prospects and high employment requirements have also led to a further decline in the willingness to apply for science and engineering majors.

　　■ The willingness of science and engineering college graduates to engage in engineering-related occupations has declined.The data show that only about 37% of science and engineering graduates in China are engaged in engineering-related occupations every year, and there is a downward trend. From the perspective of salary, although the average salary of graduates majoring in science and engineering is higher, the proportion of those with the highest salary income is lower than that of liberal arts majors. This shows that the study cost of science and engineering majors is high and the employment income is relatively low. In addition, a large number of science and engineering graduates choose to work in high-income monopoly industries, which intensifies the mismatch of human capital and leads to the shortage of "reserve army" for engineers.

　　Seeking countermeasures: improving employment will and taking the road of self-cultivation of talents

　　■ Improve the top-level design and drive the supply of engineers with industrial policies.We should focus on strategic emerging industries, such as information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, etc., and increase support for the training of urgently needed and scarce engineering and technical personnel; Promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and attract more talents with the prospect of industrial demand. We will improve the training system for high-skilled talents, focus on the demand for high-skilled talents from major national strategies, major projects, major projects and key industries, implement the training plan for high-skilled leading talents, and enhance the country’s core competitiveness and scientific and technological innovation capability.

　　■ Stimulate students’ interest in the study and research of basic disciplines such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics.We should give consideration to the needs of economic and social development and learners’ personal growth willingness, and provide more support and incentives for students who are willing to study STEM courses. Start the pre-school children’s scientific literacy training program, incorporate the mathematics and scientific enlightenment system into children’s daily education, help children build basic experience in natural science, mathematics and technology, and lay an interest and cognitive foundation for systematically learning STEM professional knowledge after entering school. By organizing national science and engineering competitions and setting up STEM scholarship programs, young students’ interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics will be improved.

　　(Source: World Bank, National Science Foundation, Eurostat, China Household Finance Survey Database. EU data does not include the UK)

　　■ Improve the quality of engineering and technical personnel training in colleges and universities, and promote employment willingness.Cultivating high-quality engineers who meet the needs of society is the main way to narrow the gap between the expected income and the actual income of science and engineering students and enhance their employment willingness. Through education and close cooperation with industries, universities and enterprises, various types of outstanding engineers are trained. On the one hand, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of schools and enterprises, jointly design training objectives, formulate training plans and implement training plans, and realize the deep integration of engineering and technical personnel training and engineering practice; On the other hand, we will continue to implement and improve a new round of talent training policies for science and engineering students in higher education, such as the "Everest Plan" and the construction of new engineering courses, and learn from the relevant experience of other countries to create a training model for engineering talents with China characteristics.

　　　　■ Further expand the career development space of engineering and technical personnel, and continuously create a social atmosphere that respects engineering and technical personnel.Enhance the willingness of science and engineering graduates to engage in engineering occupations by practical means, such as increasing the income of engineering posts and eliminating the differences in treatment and welfare of highly educated engineering and technical personnel participating in different series of titles; Improve the relevant laws and stipulate the assessment and registration that engineers need to accept; Give full play to the role of engineering associations, science and technology associations, trade associations and other institutions, improve the ability standards of outstanding engineers with China characteristics, promote their organic connection with professional qualification certification, and establish an outstanding engineer certification system that is in line with international standards and complements each other.

　　(Reporter Wang Hongyi) On the afternoon of July 6, Anhui Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters held a special meeting on flood control and disaster relief work in the whole province, to study and implement the spirit of the important instructions made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on flood control and disaster relief work, to implement the deployment of the national flood control and disaster relief work dispatching meeting, and to convey the relevant instructions of Han Jun, secretary of Anhui Provincial Party Committee, and Wang Qingxian, governor of Anhui Province. Fei Gaoyun, member of the Standing Committee of Anhui Provincial Party Committee and executive vice governor, attended the meeting and delivered a speech.

　　Han Jun pointed out that flood control is related to the overall situation of economic and social development, security and stability. At present, Anhui Province is about to enter the critical period of "seven downs and eight highs" flood control. Recently, a new round of heavy precipitation accompanied by strong convective weather will appear in some areas, and the flood control situation is complicated and severe. All relevant departments at all levels should conscientiously implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, adhere to the people first, life first, adhere to the combination of prevention first, prevention and rescue, resolutely overcome paralysis and empiricism, and never relax and pay close attention to all flood control measures. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, consultation and judgment, overall coordination, comprehensively investigate weak links and potential risks, and do a solid job in disaster prevention such as floods in small and medium-sized rivers, accidents in small and medium-sized reservoirs, urban waterlogging, mountain torrents and mudslides. Once there is a danger, it is necessary to deal with it scientifically, decisively and effectively, and make every effort to rescue and provide disaster relief. Party committees and governments at all levels should strictly implement the main responsibility of flood control and disaster relief, strictly implement the systems of duty and information submission, and leading cadres at all levels should take the lead and command from the front, and implement various responsibilities and measures in every link, post and personnel to ensure An Lan, social peace and people’s well-being.

　　Wang Qingxian’s instructions pointed out that we should base ourselves on preventing floods, fighting floods, seizing major risks and saving major disasters, and pay close attention to all the work of flood control, flood preparedness and disaster relief. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring, forecasting and early warning, pay close attention to changes in weather and rain conditions, conduct timely consultation and judgment, improve the accuracy of forecasting as much as possible, and extend the forecast period. It is necessary to strengthen the defense of key parts, increase the intensity of duty and inspection, and highlight the investigation and rectification of hidden dangers in key parts such as mountain flood danger areas, hidden dangers of geological disasters, and low-lying areas in cities. It is necessary to strictly implement the responsibility system for flood control and drought relief, strictly observe work discipline, improve the flood control and drought relief command system that is linked from top to bottom and departments, and resolutely win the initiative in flood and drought disaster prevention.

　　The meeting stressed that it is necessary to focus on meteorological monitoring in rainstorm areas and geological disaster-prone areas of mountain torrents, encrypt the frequency of joint meetings, release early warning information in time, and decisively transfer the masses in advance. It is necessary to further investigate the hidden risks of key parts such as small and medium-sized rivers, small and medium-sized reservoirs and tailings ponds, formulate urban drainage plans, and take rigid measures such as "shutting down and withdrawing" as appropriate. It is necessary to take the initiative to shoulder the responsibility, deploy emergency rescue forces in advance, strictly implement the duty system, strengthen supervision and inspection of flood control work, and ensure the safety and stability of the province.

　 　 　One is the trendy fast food, and the other is the top of the game. What kind of chemical reaction will happen when the hot American Mexican Tower meets Valkyria who is fighting for beauty?

　　In this hot July, Taco Bell, a famous American Mexican fast food brand, joined hands with Crash 3 to launch a summer joint activity of "Hot Taco, Delicious Crash" nationwide. In order to allow consumers to experience the atmosphere of the game in an immersive way, Taco Bell not only provides exclusive catering, joint packaging and package around the super-high-standard carnival for all the captains, but also launches 20 restaurants with the theme of Collapse 3 all over the country, from window stickers to table stickers, and the counter layout all reflects the elements of various games. The four leading characters at the door are eye-catching and the fans have taken photos and punched in.

　　At the same time, Taco Bell also issued a professional training manual specifically for restaurant partners, requiring restaurant employees to understand games and joint roles, customizing various "secret codes" for captains and providing rich gifts to make customers feel full of atmosphere, while enjoying food, experience links and fetters that have never existed in the virtual world.

　　"Iron Powder Shop Assistant" met "Captain Customer"

　　"Are you my captain?" A Zhi, an employee of Guangzhou Tianhe Vanke Taco Bell’s "Collapse 3" theme restaurant, warmly greets customers with the mantra of the game character Raiden Mei.

　　A Zhi is a big fan of the game "Crash", and he has liked it for 7 years since the game was launched. "I am really excited when I know that Taco Bell and Collapse 3 are linked! I didn’t expect to be able to play my hobbies at work and bring customers an immersive experience of’ food+games’. It can not only recommend delicious food for gamers, but also let restaurant partners know my favorite collapse 3. " In addition to participating in the layout of the theme restaurant, A Zhi naturally became the "teacher" of other partners in the restaurant. According to the training manual, A Zhi took other partners in the restaurant to play games, experience games and understand games.

　　"Please, another me." After the theme restaurant was launched, in Guangzhou Tianhe Vanke Taco Bell, there were signs of linkage one after another. With the help of A Zhi, other partners in the restaurant knew a lot about the roles of Collapse 3. When gamers communicated with Coser, everyone could accurately say the names of the roles described by the players and actively interact with consumers.

　　On the first day of the activity, Mike, a gamer, came to Taco Bell. At the suggestion of A Zhi, he selected Taco Bell, which suits his taste, and took photos and punched in every corner of the theme restaurant with Taco Bell and his favorite game surroundings. "I’m so happy. Taco Bell theme restaurant is really like a game venue in another space. Both players and restaurant employees are highly involved. Here, I found a strong sense of belonging."

　　Considering the hot weather in Guangzhou during the event, in order to let enthusiastic consumers enjoy better service, restaurants in A Zhi also opened their doors in advance during the event, so that customers waiting in line outside could wait in the restaurant. The restaurant will also provide customers with a second paper bag and taco cover at the request of customers when conditions permit, which is convenient for them to collect, and the strength is "pet powder".

　　Power generation for love Coser beautiful girl realizes her dream

　　The "magic girl facing the DPRK" started playing Collapse 3 a year and a half ago. She is usually taciturn, but she talks about Collapse 3 endlessly. Chao Chaochao said that in the game, she experienced the wonderful friendship between girls, and she also quoted Alicia, the character in the game, to explain why she participated in this activity.

　　"only spend time on people you like, but everyone likes it; I only pay attention to interesting things, but everything is interesting. For me, food and games are interesting things. "

　　On the first day of the event, Chao Chao wore her favorite "Keren" uniform and came to Taco Bell’s "Collapse 3" themed restaurant in Wuhan Guojin Tiandi. As a "house girl", she not only tried Taco for the first time, but also met a group of like-minded "captains", which made her praise the brand again and again.

　　"The first time I ate Taco Bell, I fell in love with Taco Cake. The cheese inside tasted good, and I also liked the whole restaurant style. Now I have become a fan of Taco Bell. In the future, I will often meet my friends in Taco Bell to talk about our favorite games and food. " The DPRK said.

　　After the DPRK told the DPRK that she knew about Taco Bell’s activity, she and her friends were very excited. They rushed to make their favorite character Keren’s costume overnight, hoping to show it to like-minded friends in the restaurant.

　　"It’s so lively offline. Usually in life, it’s hard for me to meet partners who discuss the crash game together. As a Coser, there are few opportunities for us to take photos with the characters. This activity not only made me gain so many friends at once, but also fulfilled our Coser’s dream. Taco Bell’s friends were so enthusiastic and helped us take many beautiful photos. "

　　For their favorite game Collapse 3, "Magic Girl Facing the DPRK" also wants to call the official: Can you give Keren Kaslanna a birthday?

　　From "social fear" to "social cow", he gained online and offline friendship.

　　In the early morning of July 8, at the entrance of Taco Bell in Shanghai Seven Babies Dragon City, a penny classmate from Shanghai Songjiang University Town came to the queue early, and he was the first in the queue, hoping to get the linked peripheral products as early as possible. Xiao Qian originally planned to go back to his hometown for an internship in the summer vacation, but just a few days ago, he learned that the joint activity of Taco Bell and Crash 3 would land in Shanghai. In order to participate in offline activities and collect their favorite game surroundings for his good friends, he did not hesitate to sign the high-speed train home.

　　It’s still early to open the restaurant, so Penny sat on the ground, put on headphones and played games with his iPad. Just as he was absorbed in the game world, he suddenly felt someone patted him on the shoulder. He turned his head and found a boy behind him, shyly showing him his mobile phone. It turned out that they had the same game role, from role to play, from seiyuu to lines. Penny and this newly met "stranger" soon became familiar.

　　During the conversation, Xiao Qian learned that the boy who greeted him on his own initiative was Xiao Gong, a native of Shanghai. Xiao Gong is usually a little introverted and not used to dealing with strangers. A few days ago, he happened to see the information of joint activities in the player community, thinking that other game lovers should gather in the offline theme store, so he came to the store early in the morning and wanted to make like-minded friends while getting around the game. At the event site, I saw Xiao Qian, who has a common role in the game, and the idea of wanting to talk to people about the role of the game defeated the "social fear". Xiao Gong took the courage to take the initiative to talk to Xiao Qian and gained an offline friendship.

　　"This kind of off-line gathering is really interesting," Xiao Gong said. "I tasted new food and made new friends. It was so happy for us to discuss the role experience together. I hope there will be more such activities in the future. "

　　In Taco Bell’s "Collapse 3" theme restaurant in 11 cities, every player and consumer has gained their own fun and resonance here. Some have made new friends, some have sought happiness in cosplay, and some have traveled thousands of miles to another city just to collect the surrounding of their beloved characters … Because of their love and food, these young people gathered in Taco Bell’s restaurant, turning virtual adventures into real links, and also making them fully feel the brand.

　　With the increasing demand of young consumers for consumption experience, restaurants are no longer just places for dining, but have become "self-projection" of young consumers for a better life. From the official announcement that James LeBron became the spokesperson to the recent co-signing of Collapse 3, Taco Bell has always grasped the trend of young consumers, providing consumers with hot and energetic international popular American Mexican fast food, and at the same time leading the trend culture with a vibrant image.

　

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　　CCTV News:The National Health and Wellness Commission requires that county hospitals play a leading role and take the lead in establishing a close county medical community to promote the sinking of high-quality medical resources. At present, more than 700 counties across the country have piloted the construction of county medical communities to see the practices of Hunan, Chongqing and Henan.

　　Shimen County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hunan Province and 10 grass-roots medical and health institutions set up a compact medical community, with unified deployment of personnel and property, and the superior departments of county-level hospitals helped township hospitals one to one. Hupingshan Town is more than 100 kilometers away from the county seat. In the past, the medical conditions in the town health center were poor, and it was difficult for people to see a doctor. After joining the Medical Community of the County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine last year, every weekend, Cui Haibo, director of the Department of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, led the team members to Hupingshan Town Health Center for consultation, rounds and teaching, helped them to develop more than 10 appropriate technologies of traditional Chinese medicine, and set up an acupuncture physiotherapy department. In just three months, more than 600 patients were treated.

　　Zhongxian county in Chongqing has carried out the reform of "medical communication, human communication and financial communication" in the medical community, and set up "five centers" such as remote imaging, remote ECG and pathological consultation to realize grassroots inspection and county-level diagnosis, and some difficult diseases have been diagnosed in township hospitals. In view of the lack of motivation for county-level hospitals to help the grassroots, Zhongxian established an "interest linkage mechanism" in the medical community. For example, county-level hospital doctors went to a department of township hospitals to help, and their new business income was included in the performance of county-level hospital doctors in proportion.

　　In order to encourage medical staff to go to the grassroots level, Zhoukou City, Henan Province stipulates that doctors in medical community hospitals must serve at the grassroots level for not less than one year when they are promoted to senior titles; Suixi County Hospital in Anhui Province established a special fund for the operation of medical community, which was used for the reward and subsidy of doctors at the grass-roots level and the reward performance of branch presidents.