爱上海419论坛-阿拉上海后花园419-夜上海最新论坛社区-上海品茶工作室

In November 2019, Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port launched the "5G+L4" smart heavy truck demonstration operation project (referred to as the demonstration project); In December 2021, Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port automatically drove heavy trucks to complete the transportation task of 40,000 TEUs in that year; In September, 2022, the pilot application of automatic driving for container horizontal transportation and port collection and distribution in Shanghai Port Area was approved, and the first batch of intelligent transportation pilot application projects (referred to as pilot projects) were approved by the Ministry of Transport …

Recently, the three-year development results of the demonstration project released by Shanghai show that up to now, the self-driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port have completed more than 4 million kilometers of test operation and transported more than 140,000 TEUs. Among them, the vehicle travels autonomously (without the intervention of the security officer) for more than 2000 kilometers. With the maturity of automatic driving technology, the promotion and application of automatic driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port are accelerating, and the port collection and transportation are continuously and efficiently served.

Improve operational efficiency and invest more than 60 vehicles by the end of next year.

According to the requirements of the pilot project, how will the self-driving heavy truck serve the collection and distribution of Yangshan Port in Shanghai Port? The relevant person in charge of Shanghai International Port (Group) Co., Ltd., the lead unit of the pilot project, told the reporter that in 2021, the container throughput of Shanghai Port exceeded 47 million TEUs, of which the container throughput of Yangshan Phase IV automated terminal exceeded 5.7 million TEUs, up 35.7% year-on-year. According to the planning of the pilot project, by the end of 2023, Shanghai will invest no less than 60 self-driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port-Donghai Bridge-Lingang Park, and the accumulated container collection and distribution volume will be no less than 300,000 TEUs.

"Promoting the application of self-driving heavy trucks will greatly improve the operational efficiency of Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port." Wang Rui, CEO of Shanghai Youdao Zhitu Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as Youdao Zhitu), an important participant in the pilot project, said that in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, it takes 90 seconds for a skilled truck driver to drive a heavy truck into the operation area, while it only takes 70 seconds to drive a heavy truck automatically. Based on 5G and V2X technologies, the automatic driving heavy truck in this port area has achieved centimeter-level positioning and accurate parking, and the success rate of warehousing has reached 100%. From parking and warehousing to loading and unloading trucks, to entering and leaving Donghai Bridge, automatic driving of heavy trucks has improved the working efficiency of the port area in many aspects.

Donghai Bridge is the only land passage in Yangshan Port Area, and its traffic efficiency is very important for the port development. "On the Donghai Bridge, Youdao Zhitu has realized the automatic driving of heavy trucks, with a speed of up to 80 kilometers per hour and a minimum distance of 15 meters, which effectively improves the transportation efficiency of the fleet, thus helping to alleviate traffic congestion." Wang Rui said.

Speed up the reduction of staff and test the vehicle’s "vision" to perceive objects 1 km away.

In July this year, the Traffic Police Corps of Shanghai Public Security Bureau issued a notice to implement the management of autonomous driving test lanes in Donghai Bridge. The relevant person in charge of the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission believes that it is difficult to achieve economic benefits if the number of safety personnel cannot be reduced. The test lane provides the necessary guarantee for the attrition test, which is of great significance for the popularization and application of automatic driving heavy trucks.

According to Wang Rui, according to the requirements of the pilot project, Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port will speed up the attrition test of the self-driving heavy truck queue and reduce the number of security officers equipped in some vehicles. By the end of this year, Youdao Zhitu will realize the formation of five self-driving heavy trucks on Donghai Bridge, among which only one safety officer is required for the first and second vehicles.

The reporter learned from the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission that the pilot project of reducing the number of employees of self-driving heavy trucks in Donghai Bridge will form a number of standards for communication, operation and management of self-driving heavy trucks, and accumulate valuable experience for formulating and implementing relevant laws and regulations.

There is no security officer in the car to take over at any time. How can the automatic driving system ensure the "zero mistakes" in the safe driving of the vehicle?

"As a manufacturer of self-driving heavy trucks in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, SAIC Hongyan Heavy Truck is based on advanced equipment such as visual perception system, laser radar system, millimeter-wave radar system, satellite and inertial navigation independently developed by Youdao Zhitu, with multi-dimensional and 360-degree perception. It can accurately perceive traffic participants within the range of 250 meters from front to back and 80 meters from left to right, and accurately identify and avoid pedestrians, vehicles and other obstacles." The relevant person in charge of SAIC Hongyan said.

The reporter learned that SAIC Hongyan and Youdao Zhitu belong to SAIC Group. Combined with the actual operation in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, the two parties have jointly sorted out 11 categories and 1216 failure modes of autopilot systems, and formed 758 fail-safe protection schemes, which have completed simulation and real vehicle testing. At present, the self-driving heavy truck in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port can "see clearly" objects 1 km away, and accurately identify 200-meter cones and 10-centimeter tiny objects.

Collecting and using the full stack of data to solve the bottleneck problem

Both demonstration projects and pilot projects are doing technical accumulation for the commercial operation of self-driving heavy trucks, thus promoting the solution of various bottleneck problems. There are complex weather conditions such as high temperature, typhoon, rain and fog in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, and the Donghai Bridge has a large traffic flow and many models, which bring certain challenges to the popularization and application of self-driving heavy trucks.

According to the division of labor of the pilot project, Youdao Zhitu will focus on solving the complex scenes composed of weather, roads, traffic participants and other factors, resulting in problems such as difficult perception, difficult decision-making and difficult control of automatic driving heavy trucks.

Collecting data is the first step. According to reports, at present, Youdao Zhitu has 40 self-driving heavy trucks tested in Donghai Bridge every day, of which 20 are tested all day. Through large-scale testing, Youdao Zhitu has accumulated massive operational data and further used the data to promote the upgrade of autonomous driving technology. Taking the Honghu platform as an example, Youdao Zhitu has used its operational data to upgrade its system for more than 90 times.

On the basis of accumulating and making full use of data, Youdao Zhitu and SAIC Hongyan will jointly promote the full-stack self-research of self-driving heavy trucks, and integrate the "soul" (technology) and "body" (vehicle) of self-driving.

"Full-stack self-research is an inevitable way determined by the data-driven model. Only by integrating data into vehicle design can we solve the long tail problem of automatic driving." Wang Rui believes that the full-stack self-research by heavy truck manufacturers and autonomous driving solution providers can better combine the perception, decision-making, control and implementation of autonomous driving technology.

At present, the pilot project is connecting information in series to form an information flow by opening up every related system in Yangshan Port Area of Shanghai Port, thus promoting the upgrading of autonomous driving technology and accelerating the commercialization of autonomous driving heavy trucks.

After nine years, SAIC-GM officially changed coaches: On May 12th, SAIC-GM officially announced that Zhuang Jingxiong took over from Wang Yongqing as the general manager of SAIC-GM. On the occasion of great changes in the automobile industry, the future development and planning of SAIC-GM has once again become the focus of the whole industry.

Nine years ago, Wang Yongqing took over as the general manager of SAIC-GM, and SAIC-GM actively adjusted its marketing strategy. In 2016, its sales increased by 13.9%, and its three major brands sold 1.88 million vehicles throughout the year. In 2017, it sold more than 2 million vehicles-just 20 years after the establishment of SAIC-GM. In 2020, the cumulative production and sales will exceed 20 million vehicles.

Today, nine years later, the automobile consumption market has undergone a butterfly change. Since 2021, the new energy vehicle market has started in sturm und drang, and the independent brands have risen high in the lane-changing overtaking competition, and various capitals have poured in. On Brand Technology Day in the same year, SAIC-GM proposed electrification, intelligence and networking as the three fulcrums of sustainable development, and announced the planning and landing of three core products equipped with Ultium global electric vehicle platform, a new generation of VIP intelligent electronic architecture and Super Cruise super assisted driving system.

At the end of last year, SAIC-GM announced that it would continue to increase its strategic investment. It is planned that by 2025, the total investment in new technologies of electrification and intelligent networking will reach 70 billion yuan. According to the latest sales data, as of April this year, the wholesale volume of SAIC-GM was 80,000 vehicles, up 235.7% year-on-year and 27.4% quarter-on-quarter.

Some commentators believe that SAIC-GM came a little late on the new energy track. But looking at the road of enterprise development, we can see that the market has never been calm, and SAIC-GM has always been one step at a time. Behind the stability of the surface, it is years of continuous braving the wind and waves. Despite the unprecedented market pressure brought by the great changes in the industry, this veteran car company is still determined to work hard, make bold progress, mobilize all resources, grasp the strategic initiative of future development and invest in all-round transformation. In terms of technology landing, it pays more attention to steady and steady progress than blindly rushing to the beach market, and does not "compromise" for traffic and gimmicks.

In April this year, Chen Jining, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, pointed out that the automobile industry is a pillar industry in Shanghai. As a leading enterprise in the industry, the innovation and transformation of SAIC is related to the high-quality economic development and the sustainable development of the automobile industry in the city. It is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important speeches made by the 20th Party Congress and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on his visit to Shanghai, earnestly enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, firmly develop confidence and determination, and accelerate the innovation transformation with the spirit of self-revolution. The strategy should be clearer, the focus should be more prominent, the innovation should be more focused, and the reform should be more powerful, so as to make greater contributions to promoting high-quality development and enhancing the core competitiveness of Shanghai.

Therefore, the significance of this "coaching change" is not only the change of an automobile enterprise’s future planning, but also the implementation of the development requirements of the municipal party Committee and municipal government’s innovation breakthrough, compliance with industry changes and comprehensive changes in demand, self-innovation and higher quality supply.

As a predecessor, Wang Yongqing laid a solid foundation for the sustainable and high-quality development of SAIC-GM. As a pioneer, it remains to be seen how Zhuang Jingxiong will relay the road of transformation and realize the vision of "leading smart travel and achieving a better life".

SAIC-GM Wuhan Aoteneng Super Factory

Innovate technology and improve the system

Going to the forefront of electrification transformation

Just past the Shanghai Auto Show, referring to the current price war in the auto industry, Zhuang Jingxiong said: "What I want to see more is the value war, not the price war." He pointed out that the electrified track is like a marathon, and the start is only the beginning. If you want to really win, "we must compete for the ability of the whole system and the ability of research and development, and we must also compete for insight into long-term strategy."

To realize the "value war", the core still lies in technological innovation. In the process of accelerating the landing of electric intelligent networked automobile products, SAIC-GM has initially established new competitive advantages in various fields.

In terms of new energy technology, as the cornerstone of GM’s all-round electrification transformation, Otneng electric vehicle platform integrates GM’s 26 years of electrification experience and forward-looking technical advantages, bringing safer, smarter and more performance technical support for pure electric vehicles. SAIC-GM and Pan-Asia Automotive Technology Center, together with local suppliers, have developed a special battery formula for China market, which has the advantages of high thermal stability, low attenuation and long service life.

In terms of new energy system construction, SAIC-GM and Pan-Asia Automotive Technology Center participated in the simultaneous development of the Autoenergy platform and related vehicles, and the Pan-Asia New Energy Test Building and Guangde Battery Safety Laboratory can cover the main test and verification projects of the core three electrical components of new energy vehicles; In terms of manufacturing, following the opening of Shanghai Aoteneng Super Factory, Wuhan Aoteneng Super Factory has been officially put into production, further strengthening the new energy intelligent manufacturing capability; In terms of procurement, more than 95% of the spare parts of Autoenergy platform are locally purchased by using a highly localized business chain system. This means that SAIC-GM has a complete system capability of new energy from R&D, design, engineering, manufacturing to supply chain.

At present, Cadillac LYRIQ sharp song rear drive long battery life version and four-wheel drive performance version have been officially delivered. The Electra E5, Buick’s first Ultrapower platform model, was listed in Wuhan on April 13th, and it was also praised by the outside world as the first model in the joint venture to achieve "the same price of oil and electricity". From 2022 to 2025, the three major brands will have a total of 10 pure electric products.

Buick ELECTRA E5

On the basis of solid product development and quality, SAIC-GM continues to exert its strength in the after-sales service mode of new energy vehicles. Following the release of Cadillac LYRIQ sharp song, the brand launched Cadillac IQ pure electric space. Different from traditional 4S stores, IQ space is located in a prominent position in the business circle of mid-to-high-end large shopping centers, increasing the contact with users’ life scenes, from focusing on cars through professional stores in the past to focusing on users’ experience through life shopping scenes. At the same time, Cadillac launched Cadillac IQ App as the only channel to buy sharp songs, iterating the previous sales model of placing orders through dealers and agents.

This new customer-centered retail scene soon extended to other brands of SAIC-GM. At present, 20 Buick pure electric spaces have been opened in 13 major cities. More than 570 Buick pure electric zones have been opened, covering more than 225 cities. By the end of 2023, it is estimated that the number of Buick pure electric spaces will reach about 60, and the number of pure electric areas will exceed 600.

Aiming at the charging pain point of new energy vehicles, SAIC-GM has established a multi-level charging system: it is estimated that by the end of 2023, there will be more than 1,300 self-built charging terminals including Cadillac IQ exclusive overcharge station and Autoenergy overcharge station, and the number of third-party charging terminals cooperating with mainstream charging operators will reach 400,000, providing users with convenient one-stop charging service.

Cadillac pure electric IQ space

Intelligent networking continues to exert strength.

Promote digital transformation in all directions.

Today, a new generation of information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence are booming, and the automobile industry has officially entered the era of "data determines experience and software defines cars". In order to realize all-round electrification transformation, comprehensively promoting digital transformation is the key to winning the future.

In November 2022, the Intelligent System and Software Engineering Center (ISSEC) of Pan-Asia Automotive Technology Center was established, focusing on five core areas: intelligent driving, intelligent cockpit, software-defined vehicle, electronic architecture and intelligent vehicle control, to ensure the landing and iterative update of GM’s latest intelligent networking technology.

At present, Pan Asia has nearly 1,300 software and digital talents, more than 10 development laboratories, nearly 1,000 test and verification platforms, 4 joint laboratories and 6 innovation studios.

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? ?Pan-Asia Automotive Technology Center Intelligent System and Software Engineering Center (ISSEC)

Behind the large-scale investment of Pan-Asia Technology Center is the practice of SAIC-GM fully investing in digital transformation and accelerating intelligent networking. Specifically, the digital transformation of SAIC-GM is mainly manifested in the landing of three major technologies.

The first is the VIP intelligent electronic architecture. It is understood that 100% of the electric vehicles on the Aoteneng platform will adopt the VIP intelligent electronic architecture to realize the parallel refresh of OTA of multiple modules of the vehicle, with richer upgrade content and faster upgrade speed. In 2023, GM will launch a brand-new "Software-Defined Vehicle" platform in North America and China. Frequent OTA remote upgrades will bring technical solutions that are more suitable for China road conditions and travel scenarios.

The second is a new generation of Super Cruise super assisted driving system. In the field of intelligent driving, a new generation of Super Cruise super assisted driving system has been installed on Cadillac Ruige and will be gradually applied to future Buick and Chevrolet models.

It is understood that the new generation of Super Cruise has made nine major adjustments and optimizations for China road scenes and consumer driving habits on the basis of North America. The automatic lane change and command lane change functions bring an assisted driving experience close to the real driving style; High-precision maps provide data updates four times a year, and the mileage covered by domestic maps has increased by 50,000 kilometers compared with last year, reaching 350,000 kilometers.

In the future, Super Cruise will regularly carry out iterative upgrades through OTA to provide customers with richer usage scenarios. In addition, the intelligent lane centering assistance function makes driving in urban working conditions easier, and the upgraded parking assistance will also realize the function of remote parking in the future.

The third is a new generation of VCS intelligent cockpit system. At present, this cockpit system jointly developed by General Motors and Pan Asia Automotive Technology Center has been installed on Cadillac LYRIQ Ruige, Buick Century and E5. The system adopts the top hardware in the industry, including Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, super-large display screen with the highest 9K ultra-high definition, customized audio cooperated with top manufacturers such as AKG and BOSE, iKey mobile phone key, 5G communication module, etc., combined with intelligent scene engine and services provided by eco-partners in the industry, bringing personalized intelligent driving experience to consumers.

Starting from 2023, the VCS intelligent cockpit system will also launch a version equipped with Snapdragon 8195 chip and AR-HUD; Starting from 2024, the VCS intelligent cockpit will also welcome hardware upgrades such as rear entertainment system, four-tone voice command and exterior audio, and continue to introduce more ecological partners to further expand the functions and experiences of the cockpit.

Cadillac LYRIQ Ruige New Generation VCS Intelligent Cockpit System

Standing at the starting point of the new journey, observing the changes of SAIC-GM this year, we can see its status and actions:

Actively take scientific and technological innovation as the starting point, take digital transformation as the support, and further strengthen the determination of electronic transformation and upgrading. Under the trend of electrification, intelligence, networking and sharing, we will persist in taking users as the center and make efforts at both ends of supply and demand, and regard green and low-carbon transformation as the key to the future. I believe that in the future, SAIC-GM will continue to take the promotion of Shanghai’s high-quality development as its important mission and make positive contributions to enhancing the city’s core competitiveness.

　　Reconstruction project of old residential area with red star row tail.

　　Go to the grass-roots level in the new year

　　A few days ago, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government issued the "Action Program for Adhering to the Essence of the" 3820 "Strategic Engineering Thought and Accelerating the Construction of a Modern International City", proposing to build a more complete social security system and continuously enhance the sense of gain and happiness of the broad masses. In recent years, the continuous renovation of old housing areas in our city has improved the housing conditions of citizens and has been widely praised by the people. Residents involved in relocation often come to the project site to pay attention to the construction progress.

　　Residents involved in relocation

　　Pay attention to the construction progress

　　Yesterday, the reporter came to the reconstruction project plot of Taijiang Hongxing Paiwei contiguous old housing area at the intersection of Liuyi Middle Road and Paiwei Road. This is the site of Lanyue Garden project, and dozens of high-rise residential buildings have sprung up.

　　Because of the new construction method, the site looks neat. Although the Spring Festival has just ended, some workers have entered the site for construction. Outside the gate of the project site, the old couple Lin Yibo and Wang Yim are counting the floors and asking the doorman, "Can we go in and have a look?" Although they were explicitly rejected, the two old people were not upset and still inquired about the progress of the project construction with the doorman.

　　Wang Yim smiled and told reporters: "Our original house in Hongxing New Village was only over 60 square meters. When we moved, we paid more than 200,000 yuan and chose a large house of 90 square meters. Now that the relocation house has been selected, I am looking forward to moving to the new house as soon as possible. "

　　The doorman told the reporter that, like the two old people, the residents involved in the relocation came to the project and paid attention to the construction progress almost every day. The whole project was built little by little in the observation of the residents involved in the relocation.

　　The reporter learned from the relevant departments that the project currently under construction in Lanyue Garden Area 1 has completed the capping of the main structure and the construction of the roof filling and frame layer, and the adjacent three areas are in the basement construction and the upper main body construction stage.

　　It is understood that the renovation project of the old residential area in the red star row is a comprehensive residential project integrating high-end commercial housing, resettlement commercial housing and commercial comprehensive construction. With the completion of the project and the relocation of personnel, the area will be upgraded from the original "miscellaneous, chaotic and old" state to a noble and livable residential area. All this is just a microcosm of Fuzhou’s acceleration in filling the shortcomings of people’s livelihood infrastructure.

　　The resettlement commercial housing model has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts.

　　The reporter learned from the Municipal Housing Management Bureau that in August 2017, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government decided to launch the "2018-2020" three-year old renovation campaign, involving 106 contiguous old housing projects with poor living conditions and chaotic surrounding environment. This is the largest renovation of old housing areas in Fuzhou in recent years.

　　Through the three-year old renovation, the contiguous old housing areas such as Hongqiang New Village in Gulou District and its surrounding areas, along Gule Road, Hongxing Paiwei in Taijiang District, South Park, Sancha Street and Guozhai in Cangshan District, and Yangxia and Puxia in Jin ‘an District have been renovated.

　　In order to effectively ensure the effective promotion of the renovation of old housing areas, during the renovation, the city has formed an overall arrangement and scheduling mechanism for the renovation of old housing areas in urban areas. Once the new projects are determined, the local government will make clear the specific time node of net land delivery, do a good job of signing and relocating all houses in advance, and complete the net land delivery work in time.

　　In the renovation of contiguous old housing areas, the key link is to do a good job in resettling the residents involved. In order to solve the problem of relocation and resettlement from the source, in recent years, Fuzhou has pioneered the resettlement-type commercial housing model in China, and ensured that the resettlement work is fair, open and just. From the end of 2017, all land requisition and relocation projects in the city will solve the resettlement problem according to this model. At present, the operation of resettlement commercial housing in Fuzhou has been on the right track, and the efficiency, high quality and identity of resettlement commercial housing have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　The reporter learned that after the large-scale renovation of old housing areas in stages, Fuzhou has now started the precise renovation action. In 2019, Fuzhou started the accurate old renovation of scattered plots in urban areas, and comprehensively mapped out the old houses that are not within the scope of renovation of contiguous old houses and renovation and upgrading of old communities, are ordinary bungalows, C-class and D-class dangerous buildings, or have scattered plots that seriously affect the landscape, and implemented accurate renovation in batches according to factors such as the degree of housing danger, landscape renovation requirements, and residents’ willingness to renovate. In the past two years, a total of 223 precision transformation projects of sporadic plots have been implemented, benefiting more than 2,700 households.

　　To promote the building of a community of human destiny by building the Belt and Road together as a practical platform, we must persist in building the Belt and Road into a road of peace, prosperity, openness, innovation and civilization, and build the Belt and Road together into a new international platform for China to carry out the most extensive cooperation with other countries in the new era.

　　The second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum will be held soon. The world will once again focus on China in the new era and witness another important milestone in jointly promoting the building of a community of human destiny on the platform of "Belt and Road" construction.

　　China’s plan to improve global governance

　　Today’s world is in a great change that has never happened in a century. The trend of peaceful cooperation, openness and accommodation, and the trend of reform and innovation are rolling forward. The ties between countries have never been so close, the people of the world have never been so eager for a better life, and the means for mankind to overcome difficulties have never been so rich. At the same time, however, the number, scale and depth of global problems facing mankind are unprecedented, and unstable, uncertain and unsafe factors emerge one after another, with peace deficit, development deficit, governance deficit and trust deficit prominent. Faced with this situation, mankind has two choices: one is vicious competition for power and profit, or even confrontation, which is likely to bring a disastrous crisis; The other is to conform to the development trend of the times, and Qi Xin will work together to meet the challenges and carry out global cooperation, which will create a bright future for common development of mankind. China’s plan is to promote the building of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, win-win cooperation and a community of human destiny. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary is to practice the concept of a community of human destiny. This is not only the original intention of this initiative, but also the highest goal that I hope to achieve through this initiative.

　　The "Belt and Road" construction is based on the reality that countries are hard to be immune to various challenges in the era of globalization and interdependence. It conforms to the inherent requirements of the reform of the global governance system, promotes countries to connect with each other’s policies, integrates economic factors and development resources on a larger scale around the world, forms and expands synergies, and jointly improves the global governance system and mechanism to achieve world peace and common development and prosperity. The ancient Silk Road, which runs through Wan Li for thousands of years, has long proved that countries with different races, beliefs, cultural backgrounds and different stages of development can fully share peace and common development as long as they adhere to the Silk Road spirit with peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit as the core. Today’s "Belt and Road" construction is to learn and carry forward this enlightenment, wisdom and strength, to explore this precious heritage of human civilization, to show the sense of community in the same boat, to share responsibilities and responsibilities, to adhere to dialogue and consultation, to build and share, to win-win cooperation, to exchange and learn from each other, to focus on policy communication, facilities connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and people-to-people communication, and to promote countries to strengthen political mutual trust, economic integration and humanities exchange.

　　The core content of the "Belt and Road" construction is to promote infrastructure construction and interconnection, promote the mutual docking of national policies and development strategies, deepen pragmatic cooperation, promote coordinated and coordinated development, and jointly open up brighter prospects. It begins with economic cooperation initiatives, and is not limited to economic cooperation. It is also an important way to improve the global development model and global governance, and promote the healthy development of economic globalization. It is also a global public product jointly created by all parties. In the six years’ practice, the "Belt and Road" has crossed Africa, connected Asia and Europe, and extended Latin America and the Caribbean, and the "circle of friends" has become wider and wider, and all interested countries have joined in. The cooperation under the framework of "Belt and Road" is increasingly diversified, covering various fields and taking various forms. This has fully demonstrated and will continue to fully demonstrate that the "Belt and Road" construction is an open and inclusive process, which is open to all like-minded countries and does not exclude or target any party; It is not to close the door to engage in an exclusive circle or "China Club"; Not to engage in geopolitical alliances or military alliances; We will not draw ideological boundaries, engage in zero-sum games, and do not buy and sell things that are superior to others. It is precisely because of this that since the Supreme Leader General Secretary put forward the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, more and more countries have responded enthusiastically and actively participated.The China program of global governance is releasing more and more powerful appeal and leading power.

　　Major measures to create a new pattern of all-round opening up in the new era

　　The "One Belt, One Road" initiative originated in China, and it was "developed". From a global perspective, China more consciously coordinated the two overall domestic and international situations, and comprehensively planned major strategic initiatives for all-round opening-up and top-level design of economic diplomacy. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has proposed to lead development with new development concepts, one of which is open development. With Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, the situation of international economic cooperation and competition is undergoing profound changes, and the global economic governance system and rules are facing major adjustments. China’s introduction and going abroad are incomparable in depth, breadth and pace, and the pressure to cope with external economic risks and safeguard national economic security is also incomparable in the past. On the whole, China’s opening-up level is not high enough, and its ability to make good use of international and domestic markets and resources is not strong enough. Its ability to cope with international economic and trade frictions and win the right to speak in international economy is still weak, and its ability to apply international economic and trade rules is not strong enough, so it needs to be made up quickly. To this end, China must adapt to the endogenous requirements of economic development, insist on paying equal attention to bringing in and going out, strengthen open development, focus on solving the problem of internal and external linkage of development, and improve the quality of opening up and the internal and external linkage of development. This requires China to adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, pursue a win-win opening strategy, deepen humanities exchanges, improve the regional layout, foreign trade layout and investment layout of opening to the outside world, and form a new system of opening to the outside world.Develop an open economy at a higher level, so as to expand openness to drive innovation, promote reform and promote development. At the same time, it also requires China to actively guide the global economic agenda, safeguard the multilateral trading system, accelerate the implementation of the free trade zone strategy, improve the level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and strive to assume international responsibilities and obligations commensurate with China’s capabilities and status.

　　According to this guiding ideology, to promote the "Belt and Road" construction in the new era, China should focus on improving the level of opening up to the outside world, enhancing its ability to participate in international competition, forcing it to change its economic development mode and adjust its economic structure, and striving to expand new space for reform and development. This requires the integration of the Belt and Road construction with the newly planned and previously existing major development and opening-up plans in China, including the comprehensive integration of the Belt and Road construction with national strategies such as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the construction of 12 pilot free trade zones, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta region, and the construction of a maritime power. It will be deeply integrated with the development and opening up of the western region, the overall revitalization of the Northeast, the rise of the central region, the development of the eastern region, and the development of border ethnic areas, so as to promote the opening up of the central and western regions and the Northeast region on a larger scale and at a higher level, help the inland border areas to become the frontier of opening up, and promote the extension of China’s open space from the coast, along the Yangtze River to the inland and along the border, forming a new all-round opening pattern of land and sea linkage, two-way mutual assistance between east and west, and linkage development between east, west and central. From 2014 to now, China has formulated and released a series of plans, suggestions and ideas, including the Strategic Plan for the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the Vision and Action for Promoting the Joint Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and the Belt and Road Initiative.Assumption of Building Maritime Cooperation "and" Action Plan for Building the Belt and Road by Standard Unicom "(2018— 2020) "Building the Belt and Road Together: Concept, Practice and Contribution of China", etc., as well as various supporting plans and work ideas issued by relevant localities, departments, industries and enterprises; Promote the establishment of Silk Road Fund, BRICS New Development Bank, contingency reserve arrangement, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and China — Central and Eastern European financial holding companies, banking consortia and other related financial support institutions, as well as related working mechanisms in other fields. After tamping the foundation and erecting beams with columns, the overall layout of the "Belt and Road" has been completed and a "freehand brushwork" has been painted.

　　A huge cooperation platform for common development and prosperity.

　　Promoting the construction of a community of human destiny by building the "Belt and Road" as a practical platform is put forward from the perspective of China’s reform, opening up and long-term development, which is in line with the Chinese nation’s concept of "One World" and Chinese’s view of a harmonious and harmonious world; It also occupies the international moral high ground and leads the new development of regional integration, cross-regional cooperation and economic globalization. Its opportunities and achievements belong to the world. For the world, China takes the "Belt and Road" construction as an opportunity, focusing on building mutually beneficial cooperation networks, new cooperation models and diversified cooperation platforms, focusing on transnational interconnection, improving the level of trade and investment cooperation, promoting international cooperation in production capacity and equipment manufacturing, and gradually forming regional cooperation from point to area, connecting points to line, from line to line, step by step and for a long time. This is essentially to combine China’s development with that of countries along the route. Especially under the background that the world economy continues to be in a downturn, and the vast number of developing countries are accelerating industrialization and urbanization to achieve economic independence and national rejuvenation, China conforms to the desire of all countries, especially the vast number of developing countries, to promote peace and development, firmly grasps the key direction, focuses on key regions, key countries and key projects, and grasps the greatest common denominator of development, so that the huge production capacity and construction capacity formed under the pro-cycle can go out.Supporting the urgent needs of developing countries along the route to promote industrialization, modernization and improve the level of infrastructure will help stabilize the current world economic situation. This not only benefits our people, but also benefits people along the route and even the whole world. It also enriches the concept of international economic cooperation and the connotation of multilateralism, and opens up a new path for promoting world economic growth and achieving common development.

　　After six years of joint efforts, the construction of the "Belt and Road" has been transformed from concept to action, from vision to reality, and it is moving towards the stage of taking root, lasting development, and drawing exquisite and meticulous "meticulous painting" with relevant countries. As an active advocate, promoter and practitioner of the "Belt and Road" construction, China will, on the basis of maintaining the existing healthy and benign development momentum, take advantage of the situation and follow the trend to promote the transformation of the "Belt and Road" to high-quality development. This requires adhering to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implementing the new development concept, concentrating efforts and integrating resources, focusing on the construction of major projects such as infrastructure and capacity cooperation, and solving key issues such as major projects, financial support, investment environment, risk management and control, and safety guarantee, so as to form more visible results, accumulate mountains and little drops of water make an ocean, and promote this work to go deeper and deeper, and be stable and far-reaching.

　　To this end, China will firmly adhere to the principle of discussing, building and sharing, go hand in hand with countries along the route, borrow from each other, cooperate in openness and win-win cooperation, and do not draw land as a prison, set high thresholds, engage in exclusive arrangements, and oppose protectionism; Promote dialogue among relevant countries to resolve differences, resolve disputes through consultation, jointly safeguard regional security and stability, and create a peaceful and stable environment for the construction of the "Belt and Road". Based on the connection points and similarities of the development strategies of countries along the route, China will dock development strategies and development plans with all parties, learn from each other, establish a policy coordination mechanism, jointly formulate cooperation plans, and jointly take cooperative actions to form a situation of planning convergence, development integration and benefit sharing. At the same time, China will also promote the cooperation of relevant countries in the construction of the "Belt and Road", coordinate with the implementation of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and coordinate with international and regional development plans such as the G 20, APEC, ASEAN, AU, Eurasian Economic Union, EU and CELAC, and strive to complement each other and promote each other. China will also rely on the project to deepen pragmatic cooperation with all parties, including promoting the construction of large land passages such as railways and highways, accelerating the construction of offshore ports, and improving oil and gas pipelines, power transmission and communication networks; Vigorously promote the construction of economic corridors, run economic, trade and industrial cooperation parks well, further promote investment, aggregate industries, promote employment, and take the road of innovation and development; Promote the construction of free trade zones and strengthen the compatibility of rules and standards systems.Provide a better business environment and mechanism guarantee, and fully release the positive effects of interconnection; Expand financing channels, innovate financing methods, reduce financing costs, and get through the key link of financing; Carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation in the humanities field, make cooperation more inclusive, make the foundation of cooperation more solid, and let the general public become the main force and beneficiaries of the "Belt and Road" construction. In this way, the Belt and Road Initiative can be built into a road of peace, prosperity, openness, innovation and civilization, and a new international platform for China to carry out the most extensive cooperation with other countries in the new era, so that the Belt and Road Initiative will continue to release its leading effect, add new impetus to the common development of the world, expand new space and inject strong impetus into building a community of human destiny.

　　[The author is Gao Zugui, a professor at the Institute of International Strategy of the Central Party School (National School of Administration)]

Last night, I was lying in bed, swiping the screen to complete the last purchase of the Double Eleven, and I was caught off guard by the fans that the draft of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Management Law (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Law") was released.

This morning, many friends of media reporters call me on WeChat and asked me to express my views. I read the draft for comments carefully and gave the following 14 points.

Viewpoint 1: The vaccine law is higher than the vaccine regulations and more comprehensive.

Previously, the most authoritative normative document in the field of vaccines was the State Council Order No.668 promulgated in 2005 and revised in 2016-Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (hereinafter referred to as "Vaccine Regulations"). After consulting a senior legal person, I learned that if the vaccine law is formally promulgated, it should be passed by the National People’s Congress and signed and promulgated by president, and its status is higher than the vaccine regulations.

As a practitioner in the field of vaccines, my ass determines my head. I support our country to regulate the production, circulation and vaccination of vaccines with proprietary laws on the basis of the existing drug administration law. This shows that the country attaches great importance to the vaccine as a special drug and public health, and it is a great opportunity for the development of the vaccine field. As a vaccine person, I also feel a great responsibility.

Both the Vaccine Regulations and the Vaccine Law regulate the two fields of vaccine circulation and vaccination. The Vaccine Law also puts forward many new requirements for production enterprises in the second to fourth chapters, and the ninth and tenth chapters also strengthen the definition of supervision and management and legal responsibility.

In the full text of the vaccine law, there is no mention of the relationship with the vaccine regulations. I wonder if it is an omission? According to my understanding, it should be that once the vaccine law is implemented, the vaccine regulations should be abolished.

Viewpoint 2: Vaccines are related to national security.

Article 1 [Legislative Purpose] This Law is formulated to ensure the safety, effectiveness and accessibility of vaccines, standardize vaccination, safeguard and promote public health and safeguard national security.

The first article of the Vaccine Law links vaccines with national security, which is an unprecedented formulation.

In fact, it is not surprising that vaccines mainly prevent infectious diseases.

Like smallpox, a deadly infectious disease of the reaper, it was eliminated by vaccination in the last century. Polio is also a disease that seriously endangers children’s health. At present, it has been eliminated by vaccination against polio in China. The next disease to be eliminated should be measles.

However, there is also an infectious disease that poses a great threat to life-influenza, and its vaccination rate in China is less than 2%. If a mutated influenza virus causes a global epidemic of plague, such vaccination rate can’t stop the pace of death at all. Especially this year, due to various accidents and poor coordination, the supply of influenza vaccine in China has been reduced by more than half compared with the same period of last year.

If an influenza pandemic really occurs this year, the serious shortage of influenza vaccine will lead to the epidemic situation being uncontrollable, and public health and the national economy are likely to be hit hard.

Therefore, linking vaccines with national security is by no means alarmist.

Viewpoint 3: Relevant definitions and terms need to be clarified.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] The term "vaccine" as mentioned in this Law refers to preventive biological products used for human immunization in order to prevent and control the occurrence and epidemic of diseases.

At the beginning of the formulation and revision of the Vaccine Regulations, vaccines were defined as: …… preventive biological products of vaccines. As you can see, there has been a phenomenon of using "vaccine" to explain vaccines, which is really inappropriate.

The definition of vaccine in vaccine law avoids the embarrassment of circular explanation, but this definition is still not perfect.

Are there only vaccines for preventive biological products? Actually, it is not.

China is a big country of hepatitis B. For babies whose mothers are carriers of hepatitis B, our strategy to prevent them from being infected with hepatitis B is to vaccinate them with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin also meets the definition of vaccine in the vaccine law here, but it is not a vaccine.

The essence of vaccine is to make the human body actively produce immunity against diseases, and its purpose is prevention for the time being, and it is likely to include treatment in the future.

Vaccines in the Vaccine Law should refer to vaccines for preventive use, so its definition is suggested to be changed to: …… preventive biological products used for human body to actively generate immunity.

The term [immunization] also appears in the definition of vaccine, and the other parts of the full text use [vaccination], so it is suggested to unify it into a more popular [vaccination]. In the full text, it is also suggested that [immunization program] be changed to [vaccination program] in a unified way.

Viewpoint 4: Vaccine classification should be simple and clear.

Article 2 [Scope of Application] Vaccines are divided into immunization programs and non-immunization programs.

Vaccines are divided into the first category and the second category in the vaccine regulations, and it is necessary to explain to the public what are the first and second categories. The new classification of vaccine law essentially corresponds to the second classification in the vaccine regulations, but it does not reduce the difficulty of understanding. It is necessary to explain what immunization planning is at the end of the full text.

China CDC has a National Immunization Planning Center. If vaccines are divided into immunization vaccines and non-immunization vaccines, then does the National Immunization Planning Center manage non-immunization vaccines?

In fact, whether it is the first type of vaccine/the second type of vaccine, or the immunization program vaccine/the non-immunization program vaccine, the vernacular is free vaccine/self-funded vaccine.

I strongly recommend that vaccine classification return to its essence and use the free vaccine/self-funded vaccine classification that can be seen by the public at a glance. Free vaccines can also be divided into: national free vaccines and local free vaccines (this concept corresponds to the national immunization program vaccine and other immunization programs vaccines in Article 36).

Viewpoint 5: Reward whistleblowers and avoid small evils from forming big evils.

Article 12 [Social Co-governance] Any organization or individual has the right to report illegal acts of vaccines, get information about vaccines from relevant departments according to law, and put forward opinions and suggestions on vaccine supervision and management.

This time, there was a serious violation of regulations in the production process of Changchun Changsheng vaccine. It is said that after an insider reported it, the flight inspection of the relevant state departments finally confirmed the problem. However, its violation has existed for four years, and it has not been discovered during this period.

In my opinion, China should establish a system of rewarding whistleblowers (also called whistleblower system), and use 10% of the fine to reward whistleblowers, and publicize the rewards, but protect their privacy. Only in this way can enterprises be conscientious, abide by all kinds of rules and regulations on thin ice, and avoid doing evil from the source. Or once there is a small evil, it will be reported by insiders to avoid a small evil like Changchun Changsheng to develop a big evil.

Although China’s traditional culture does not encourage reporting, it is through reporting that vicious incidents like Changchun Changsheng were discovered. If there is no reporting system, many corrupt officials and moths will always be at large. In my opinion, as long as it is beneficial to the public interest, the report of corporate evil should be explicitly encouraged by the government, and the way to encourage it is to reward it heavily.

Viewpoint 6: Publicize the details in batches and give full play to the advantages of big data governance (the most important viewpoint of this article).

Twenty-fifth [vaccine batch issuance] batch issuing institutions shall publish the results of vaccine batch issuance in a timely manner for public inquiry.

The publication of batch issuance is very, very, very critical. However, if we only publicize whether the vaccine has been issued in batches, it is a step in the same place and does not jump out of the thinking mode of piecemeal treatment.

In order to ensure the quality of the vaccine and realize the survival of the fittest, I strongly suggest that the detailed test report of the vaccine, that is, the test value of each index (as detailed as the routine blood report), be publicized.

At present, most vaccines in China can be issued in batches. However, the indicators of vaccines issued in batches are also good or bad, some just pass the exam, and some are excellent. Who doesn’t want to get a vaccine with excellent indicators and appropriate prices?

As long as the batch inspection report of each batch of vaccines can be publicized, we can use the big data of thousands of batches of vaccine inspection reports every year to score each vaccine product of each manufacturer based on a scoring system, and the results can be provided to the public through WeChat applet for free inquiry.

When parents take their children to vaccinate, it will be no longer difficult to choose vaccines of various brands. Just take out your mobile phone and check the score calmly, and then make the most rational choice in combination with its price. A vaccine product with no price advantage and the lowest score will only be eliminated if it does not strive to improve the quality and reduce the cost.

People who often fly will use Fei Changzhun’s mobile APP. Among them, there are the punctuality data of major airlines’ flights. If the prices are similar, then passengers will definitely choose to avoid flights with low punctuality, right?

Through thorough data disclosure, we can play the invisible hand of market economy and force vaccine manufacturers to regard vaccine quality as their lifeline. In the past, enterprises passively accepted supervision, but now enterprises actively improve vaccine quality and reduce production costs in order to survive, which naturally improves the overall vaccine quality level in China. The regulatory measures and penalties set in the vaccine law to ensure the quality of vaccines are extremely expensive and the effect is difficult to guarantee. Is it really necessary?

Issuing test reports in public does not need to increase the cost (the data is ready-made), but it can greatly improve the level of social governance and reduce management expenses, and can completely become a model of government governance.

I really can’t think of any reason why the government doesn’t publicize the approval of the test report.

Viewpoint 7: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 39 [Vaccine Supply and Distribution] The holder of the vaccine marketing license shall supply vaccines to provincial disease prevention and control institutions in accordance with the provisions of the procurement contract, and shall not supply vaccines to other units or individuals.

The holder of the vaccine marketing license is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the provincial disease prevention and control institutions, which are responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation units. Vaccine marketing license holders and provincial disease prevention and control institutions shall have the conditions for cold chain storage and transportation of vaccines, or entrust qualified distribution enterprises to distribute vaccines.

In the vaccine regulations, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines at their own expense to county-level CDC (free vaccines are supplied to provincial CDC); In the vaccine law, vaccine manufacturers can only supply vaccines (including free vaccines and vaccines at their own expense) to provincial CDC.

I support this change, because it can make full use of the existing cold chain storage and distribution resources of provincial CDC and reduce the vaccine distribution cost of production enterprises.

However, a loophole that must be filled is that provincial CDC can not only entrust qualified enterprises to distribute vaccines, but also entrust them to store vaccines. All vaccine storage and distribution services are entrusted to enterprises, which provide one-stop service, which is convenient for supervision and can reduce the government’s investment in cold chain hardware for provincial CDC.

If this loophole is not filled, the provincial CDC will build a huge cold storage to store vaccines, and distribution companies often drive several huge refrigerated trucks to the CDC to extract vaccines, which brings inconvenience to the daily management of the CDC. Shanghai CDC has outsourced all storage and distribution services to qualified enterprises, so it is almost impossible and unnecessary to rebuild the cold storage.

It is mentioned in this clause that the provincial CDC is responsible for distributing the vaccine to the inoculation unit. Can the municipal CDC and the county CDC participate in this process? If they can’t participate, the cold chain equipment and managers of these two levels of vaccine storage and distribution will withdraw from the historical stage, which will have a great impact (especially the county-level CDC may have increased the investment in related software and hardware after 2016).

If only the provincial CDC can deliver the vaccine to the inoculation unit, does the provincial CDC have the ability to do it (especially in a vast area)? This must be investigated.

Viewpoint 8: The monitoring of vaccine transportation temperature should be based on science and should not encourage fraud.

Article 42 [Provisions on Vaccine Sales Records] … If the temperature monitoring records of this transportation process cannot be provided or the temperature control does not meet the requirements, it shall not be accepted or purchased …

This clause will make the temperature record of vaccine transportation untrue.

It is difficult to avoid the actual vaccine exceeding 8 degrees during transportation. If a temperature record of 10 degrees is monitored, must such a vaccine be rejected? Is it necessary to be so strict?

Scientifically unnecessary. At present, it has been confirmed that the vaccine can tolerate a certain degree of high temperature exposure, which is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. Continuous exposure at 37 degrees for 12 hours will not lead to unqualified quality of any existing vaccine. All vaccines have been tested for thermal stability before going on the market.

Therefore, although it is necessary to monitor the temperature of vaccine storage, transportation and transportation, vaccines should never be rejected because of one or two overtemperatures, which will only lead to a large number of qualified vaccines being scrapped and a tight supply of vaccines; Or it is caused by the falsification of temperature monitoring records, and all parties are tacitly aware.

I suggest that the state collect the data of vaccine thermal stability test from vaccine manufacturers and make it public. If the vaccine is over-temperature during storage and transportation, it can be compared with the published data to determine whether it needs to be rejected or scrapped.

Electronic temperature monitoring data is still important, which can be used to find out the out-of-control links during storage and transportation, and then improve the temperature control of these links, but it should not be used as the final basis for judging whether the vaccine is rejected/scrapped.

In addition to electronic temperature monitoring, there is a more intuitive solution, which is the vaccine temperature label (VVM) highly recommended by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. By sticking VVM on the vaccine package, the high temperature exposure of the vaccine in the whole circulation process can be recorded, and it can be recognized by users with intuitive colors.

In the picture below, the earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia caused the house of vaccination clinic to be damaged, and the vaccine refrigerator or cold storage was cut off for many days. However, because the vaccines are all affixed with VVM, it is judged by naked eyes that the purple depth of the center square of VVM of OPV exceeds the surrounding purple, and the vaccine must be scrapped. Although the VVM of the other five vaccines also changed color, they did not exceed the limit, and these vaccines can be used. BCG (BCG) was scrapped directly because it was not affixed with VVM.

I think that China should actively promote the use of vaccine VVM. At present, the cost of single chip of VVM is around 0.5 yuan, which is unacceptable for some vaccines. However, VVM can be attached to the packaging of vaccines, that is, every 10 vaccines are attached to the packaging box, and the cost of a single vaccine is only 0.05 yuan.

With VVM, it is possible to judge whether it is necessary to reject/scrap vaccines by looking at VVM in the process of vaccine delivery and handover. VVM can filter out most of the occasional temperature exceeding the standard, and electronic temperature monitoring records can present real records, which can promote us to find the weak links of temperature control and improve them.

With VVM, the recipients can also intuitively see the temperature exposure of the vaccine from production to inoculation on themselves, without consulting the complicated electronic temperature monitoring records, so as to make the recipients feel at ease to inoculate the vaccine.

Viewpoint 9: Expired vaccines can be recycled through medical waste disposal channels.

Article 43 [Destruction of Expired Vaccines] … Expired vaccines shall be uniformly registered and recovered by county-level disease prevention and control institutions …

For expired vaccines, management should be strengthened. However, the practice of recycling by county-level CDC seems professional, but it is the old road of closed management.

Any inoculation unit must be a medical institution, and medical institutions must implement the Regulations on the Management of Medical Wastes. Compared with various infectious wastes produced in clinic, expired vaccines are safer wastes. Expired vaccines can be treated in time through the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions, and can be recycled by county-level CDC without hoarding.

It is impossible for county-level CDC to recycle expired vaccines in real time, and the expired vaccines of vaccination units must be hoarded for a period of time before being recycled. The possibility of misuse cannot be ruled out by hoarding expired vaccines, so seemingly professional regulations will increase the risk of misuse of expired vaccines.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: Expired vaccines should be handed over to the medical waste disposal channels of medical institutions for recycling in time and registered properly.

Viewpoint 10: The situation of vaccination units in the jurisdiction should be dynamically grasped and announced.

Article 48 [Conditions for Inoculation Units]　

It is suggested to add: each province should publicize the list of vaccination units (including unit name, address and contact number) on the website, and update it at least once every quarter.

Viewpoint 11: change the concept, not to complete the work, but to provide services.

Forty-ninth [vaccination responsibility area] vaccination units shall undertake the vaccination work of the national immunization program in the responsible area, and accept the technical guidance of the local disease prevention and control institutions and the supervision of the health administrative department.

The vaccination unit should undertake the vaccination of all vaccines, not just the national immunization program vaccine (that is, the national free vaccine). In addition, we should change our ideas and regard vaccination as a basic public health service for the public, so as to form a sense of serving people, instead of completing a cold job that must be completed by superiors.

It is suggested that this article be changed to: The vaccination unit shall provide vaccination services for the people in its jurisdiction and accept …

Viewpoint 12: It is the most appropriate for maternity hospitals to issue vaccination certificates.

Article 53 [Vaccination Certificate System] The State practices a vaccination certificate system for children. Within one month after the child is born, his guardian shall go to the vaccination unit where the child lives to undertake vaccination work to apply for a vaccination certificate for him.

The idea of applying for vaccination certificate after one month is quite outdated. There are several problems in this practice: first, the vaccination record is secondary registration, which is easy to make mistakes. Obstetric institutions are registered on specific documents, which are taken to the inoculation unit in the place of residence by parents and copied on the inoculation certificate; Second, the vaccination certificate is not the original vaccination record, and the legal evidence is not strong enough; Third, it is impossible to play the propaganda role of vaccination certificate.

At present, the hospital delivery rate of children in China is very high, and obstetric institutions are also officially recognized vaccination units. The BCG vaccine and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine vaccinated in obstetric institutions after birth should be registered on the vaccination certificate issued by obstetric institutions.

Shanghai, Hebei, Guangdong and other places have fully realized that maternity institutions have issued vaccination certificates and registered vaccines for newborns. There are a lot of knowledge and instructions on the vaccination certificate in Shanghai, which can be used as publicity materials to provide information for parents, rather than just recording vaccination information.

Viewpoint 13: Children who miss vaccination must be able to attend nursery school.

Article 54 [Inspection of Vaccination Certificate] When children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, nursery institutions and schools should check the vaccination certificate. If children who have not been vaccinated according to the national immunization plan are found, they should report to the vaccination unit where the children live, and cooperate with the vaccination unit to urge their guardians to replant in the vaccination unit in time after the children are enrolled in kindergartens and schools, unless they cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.

Many professionals and the public mistakenly believe that missed vaccines are not allowed to enter kindergarten. This article emphasizes that missed vaccines should be replanted after entering kindergarten, which is very good, but it is suggested to emphasize that children should not be restricted from entering kindergarten because of missed vaccines.

Viewpoint 14: Respect science and take public health as the first goal.

Article 90 [Punishment for Illegal Inoculation] If the inoculation personnel violate the vaccination norms during the inoculation process, causing serious consequences, the health administrative department at or above the county level shall give a warning or order them to suspend their practice activities for more than six months but less than one year; If the circumstances are serious, his practice certificate shall be revoked; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

The key to this clause is how to define the violation of [vaccination norms].

Vaccination norms include normative documents with different sources and authorities. Take influenza vaccination norms as an example:

Egg allergy is taboo in the instructions of most influenza vaccines, but the latest influenza vaccine guide document of China CDC points out that the 2015 edition of Pharmacopoeia has cancelled the taboo of egg allergy, and foreign studies have also proved that egg allergy is not a contraindication for influenza vaccine inoculation.

In other words, the taboo in the manual is set incorrectly. So, can the vaccination doctor vaccinate people who are allergic to eggs with flu vaccine?

At present, there are a large number of clauses with China characteristics lacking scientific basis in China’s vaccination standards. The general starting point of these clauses is to avoid getting into trouble for yourself, not to put public health first. If such vaccination norms are taken as the basis of punishment, it will lead to the tragedy in Dying to Survive.

Personally, I suggest that this excessively severe penalty be abolished. In reality, if there is a vaccination error or accident, the parties will be punished to some extent, and there is no need to increase the penalty.

Authors: Vaccine and Science, Tao Lina, a vaccine expert, a member of China Medical Media Alliance, and an author of er interesting science in medical education.

Disclaimer: My medical science is used to guide the public to establish a scientific understanding of health and avoid being misled by mistakes and rumors. The contents of popular science are personal opinions, for reference only, and have nothing to do with my employer. If my popular science content is wrong, please leave a message and tell me. I am very willing to verify and correct it. Some pictures are from the Internet. If your copyright is involved, please contact me to delete them.

　　China Securities Network News (Reporter Chen Fang) Today is March 15th International Consumer Rights Day. The reporter learned from the General Administration of Market Supervision that in 2023, the national market supervision department received 35.343 million consumer complaints, reports and inquiries through the national 12315 platform, telephone, fax and window, a year-on-year increase of 20.2%. Among them, 17.403 million complaints were accepted, a year-on-year increase of 32.8%.

　　There are five main points to watch, and a quick look at the article.

　　After-sales service accounts for the largest proportion of complaints and the fastest growth rate.

　　In the category of complaints, the problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the difficulty in product replacement, the delay in delivery time, and the failure to provide free maintenance for product damage during the warranty period.

　　Judging from the complaints, after-sales service (4.021 million), quality problems (3.617 million), food safety problems (2.066 million), contract problems (1.462 million) and unfair competition (993,000) are relatively prominent, accounting for 23.1%, 20.8% and 11.9% respectively.

　　After-sales service grew the fastest, with a year-on-year increase of 61.5%, ranking first in the problem for two consecutive years. Among them, the problem of "three guarantees" reached 2.261 million, accounting for 56.2%; There were 378,000 delivery or installation problems, accounting for 9.4%.

　　Online shopping reports account for more than 50% of the total reports, and the live broadcast has a high growth rate.

　　The problems reflected by consumers in online shopping mainly focus on the purchase of "three no" products, the inconsistency between the products obtained and the products displayed in the live broadcast room, and the difficulty in returning goods.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received 12.611 million online shopping complaints and reports, accounting for 56.1% of the total complaints and reports.

　　The scale of live broadcast e-commerce ushered in explosive growth. In the past five years, the scale of live broadcast e-commerce market has increased by 10.5 times, and the number of complaints about live broadcast goods has also increased year by year, with an increase of 47.1 times in five years.

　　The national 12315 platform received 337,000 complaints and reports of live broadcast with goods, up 52.5% year-on-year. The top three problems were after-sales service (73,000), quality problems (62,000) and unfair competition (45,000), and the fastest growing problem was unfair competition, which increased by 2 times year-on-year.

　　There are many disputes over the consumption of smart devices and complaints about tourism services.

　　All kinds of wearable smart devices and smart homes are increasingly favored by consumers, and related consumer disputes are growing rapidly.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received a total of 104,000 complaints and reports on smart devices, a year-on-year increase of 1.1 times. Among them, smart watches (33,000 pieces) and smart homes (19,000 pieces) reported more complaints.

　　The signing and performance of service consumption contracts is more serious, which is more likely to lead to consumer disputes.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received 138,000 complaints and reports on tourism services, a year-on-year increase of 2.2 times; Among them, there were 25,000 contract problems, accounting for 18.1%.

　　The problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the difficulty of refund caused by unreasonable terms set by merchants, the failure of merchants to provide corresponding goods or services as agreed in the contract, and demanding consumers to pay high liquidated damages with unfair format terms.

　　Accelerated popularization of new energy vehicles, complaints and reports have increased year after year.

　　China’s new energy vehicles are developing at a high speed, and the number of new energy vehicles has increased by 4.4 times from 3.81 million in 2019 to 20.41 million in 2023. The market share increased from 4.7% in 2019 to 31.6%, an increase of 26.9 percentage points.

　　At the same time, the number of complaints and reports of new energy vehicles received by the national platform 12315 is also increasing year by year, from 18,000 in 2019 to 135,000 in 2023, an increase of 6.5 times.

　　The problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the quality problems of new cars and merchants’ refusal to fulfill the obligation of "three guarantees", merchants’ failure to deliver goods according to the time agreed in the contract, and merchants’ refusal to fulfill the insurance agreement.

　　Deception and misleading routines. Many consumers need to be guaranteed the right to know.

　　Consumers will come into contact with all kinds of publicity information when shopping, but not all the massive publicity information is true and credible. Some merchants induce consumers to make wrong consumption choices by exaggerating and concealing the truth.

　　In 2023, the national 12315 platform received 1.443 million false propaganda complaints and reports, a year-on-year increase of 1.7 times. The problems reflected by consumers mainly focus on the fictitious product effect, exaggerating product advantages, improving false reputation through "favorable cash back" and misleading consumers to buy.

　　From the category of goods and services, there are food (296,000 pieces), cosmetics (150,000 pieces) and household items (144,000 pieces) in the category of goods. Among the service categories, there are many false propaganda complaints, including education and training services (84,000 pieces), sales services (52,000 pieces) and Internet services (38,000 pieces).

　　According to Henan Health and Health Commission, April 24th 0-mdash; At 24: 00, there were 5 locally confirmed cases (4 cases in Anyang and 1 case in Zhengzhou) and 18 locally asymptomatic infected persons (10 cases in Anyang, 5 cases in Xinyang, 2 cases in Zhengzhou and 1 case in Shangqiu) in Henan Province, and no locally suspected cases were added. There are no newly imported confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and suspected cases. Two confirmed cases were cured and discharged (1 local case and 1 imported case), and 16 asymptomatic infected patients were released from medical observation (13 local cases and 3 imported cases).

　　From January 21st, 2020 to 24: 00 on April 24th, 2022, a total of 2,883 confirmed cases (2,672 local cases and 211 imported cases) were reported in Henan Province. There are 37 hospitalized cases (35 local cases and 2 imported cases) and 256 asymptomatic infected persons (252 local cases and 4 imported cases) who are still under medical observation. A total of 87,557 close contacts were tracked, and 11,548 close contacts were being observed.

　

　

Hang Zheng Ban Han [2008] No.211

District and county (city) people’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated units:

Developed by the Municipal Price BureauMeasures for further improving the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area"has been approved by the municipal government and is now forwarded to you, please follow the implementation.

General Office of Hangzhou Municipal People’s Government　　　　

　

Press release issued on 5 June 2008

　　

On further improving motor vehicles in Hangzhou urban area

Measures for the implementation of parking fee management

(Municipal Price Bureau, May 29th, 2008)

　

In order to further solve the "parking difficulty", strengthen the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area, standardize the charging behavior, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of parking lot operators and vehicle parking people, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the parking industry, according to the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law and other laws and regulations, the following implementation measures are proposed to improve the management of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou urban area (excluding Xiaoshan and Yuhang District, the same below).:

　　These Measures shall apply to the behavior, supervision and management of motor vehicle parking charges in urban areas.

Two, the term "motor vehicle parking fees" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the behavior of providing parking services for motor vehicles and collecting fees.

Three, the municipal price department is the competent department in charge of motor vehicle parking fees in Hangzhou, responsible for the supervision and management of motor vehicle parking fees. City management department is responsible for the organization and implementation of urban road parking fees. Public security, construction, industry and commerce, finance, taxation and other departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, coordinate the management of motor vehicle parking fees.

Fourth, the pricing form of motor vehicle parking charges.

(1) Parking fees for urban roads and parking fees for internal parking lots of government institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises that are open to the outside world shall be set by the government.

(2) The fees charged by the following parking lots shall be subject to government-guided price management:

1.Fees charged by stations, docks, tourist attractions and other supporting parking lots that lack competition and have monopoly nature;

2.Charges for parking lots at the entrance to the city;

3.Charges for parking the parking lot where traffic accidents are caused and vehicles are forcibly towed away in violation of the law;

4.Charges for parking lots specially built for motor vehicles in residential areas (including commercial and residential buildings, the same below) and motor vehicle parking spaces set on roads in residential areas;

5.Encourage hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, gymnasiums (fields) and other units to open the supporting parking lots free of charge. If it is really necessary to charge, the fees shall be subject to government-guided price management.

(3) The fees charged by professional parking lots and supporting parking lots of hotels (restaurants), shopping malls, entertainment places, office buildings, etc. shall be subject to market-adjusted prices, which shall be determined independently by the operators according to their operating costs and supply and demand. Encourage hotels (restaurants), shopping malls, entertainment venues, office buildings and other supporting parking lots to open free of charge.

Five, motor vehicle parking fees.

(a) the parking contradiction is not prominent, unattended area, the road parking spaces to implement free parking; In areas with large parking demand and attended people, parking fees can be charged according to the management cost. Urban road parking fees are charged in different ways and standards according to different regions and time periods.

Government agencies and institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises should open their internal parking lots to the outside world at the wrong time, and encourage them to waive parking fees; If it is really necessary to charge, it shall be determined according to the management cost, but it shall not be higher than the standard of road parking fees.

(two) the implementation of government guidance price of the parking lot, the parking fee standard floating rate is 0, the floating rate is not limited. On the basis of the government-guided price, the operator puts forward specific charging standards according to factors such as cost, and reports them to the municipal price department for approval.

(three) the parking fee standard of the parking lot with market-adjusted price shall be determined independently by the operator in accordance with the principle of compensating reasonable operating costs and paying taxes according to law.

(4) In order to alleviate the road traffic pressure in the West Lake Scenic Area, self-driving tourists are encouraged to enter the scenic area by transfer, and the tourism distribution center will park the transferred small vehicles free of charge. At the same time, the charging standards for some parking lots and road parking in the scenic spot will be raised during holidays and weekends during the tourist season.

Six, the parking fee charged by the parking lot must meet the conditions:

(1) Where a public parking lot provides parking services for the society and charges fees, its owner or operator shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration, obtain a business license and obtain the parking lot business qualification.

(two) urban road parking spaces need to be determined by the traffic police, urban management and the community through the "three-in-one" working mechanism, and parking spaces can be charged only if they are explicitly paid parking spaces. The charging of urban road parking spaces is delegated to all districts, and the road parking charging service centers established by all districts organize the implementation.

(three) the establishment of road parking spaces and the implementation of parking fees in residential areas shall meet the requirements of planning, fire safety and other aspects, and obtain the consent of the relevant parking management institutions of the district governments and the owners or owners’ committees of residential areas.

(4) If the opening-up institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises charge parking fees for their internal parking lots, their logistics service agencies or newly established corresponding agencies shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration, obtain a business license and obtain parking business qualifications.

Seven, the parking lot operators should bear the responsibilities in the management activities:

(a) operators should be in accordance with the provisions of the implementation of the price tag system, in the parking lot eye-catching position set up a price tag, announced the service content, pricing form, charging standards, charging basis, free parking time, telephone complaints, etc.

(two) the use of motor vehicle parking bills under the unified supervision of the tax department.

(three) responsible for the maintenance, maintenance and updating of the facilities in the venue, and keeping the traffic signs and markings in the venue clear and complete.

(four) to maintain the parking order and driving order of vehicles in the venue.

(five) the issuance of vehicle access time contact list, as the basis for parking charges.

(six) comply with the provisions of laws, regulations and rules on the management of parking lots.

Eight, motor vehicle parking should comply with the provisions of:

(1) Take care of parking facilities.

(two) to accept the command and dispatch of the staff of the parking lot, and to park the vehicles in an orderly manner according to the traffic signs and markings in the parking lot.

(3) Pay parking fees according to regulations.

(4) Abide by the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and rules.

Nine, improve the charge management system, standardize the behavior of motor vehicle parking charges.

(a) the implementation of parking fees audit and filing system.

1.Urban road parking garages that are subject to government pricing and parking lots that are open to the outside world by government agencies and institutions and state-owned and state-holding enterprises, supporting parking lots that lack competition and have monopoly nature such as stations, docks and tourist attractions that are subject to government guidance prices, parking lots at the entrance of the city, parking lots where vehicles are forcibly towed away due to traffic accidents and violations of the law, and supporting parking lots of hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, gymnasiums (fields) and other units that are subject to charges, parking charging units are being implemented.

2.For parking lots with market-regulated prices, operators should go through the filing formalities with the competent price department of the district where they are located before charging.

(2) Operators of parking lots with market-regulated prices shall follow the principles of fairness, legality and good faith. It is forbidden to collude in price increases, drive up prices, price fraud, price discrimination and other unfair price behaviors.

(III) Urban road parking fees shall be fully used for parking management, maintenance of parking facilities and necessary parking services, and shall not be used for other purposes.

(four) the management unit of motor vehicle parking in residential quarters shall announce the income and expenditure of motor vehicle parking fees at the end of each year and accept the supervision of the owners or the owners’ committee. Parking fees charged by parking spaces in residential areas should be used to improve the residential environment or public facilities after deducting necessary management fees.

(five) the indoor parking garage provides vehicle parking services, and after charging parking fees, no fees such as parking space property management service fees shall be charged.

(six) the following circumstances are free of parking fees:

1.Parking in the free parking spaces on the roads that have been clearly designated.

2.Parking in urban road toll parking spaces and public parking lots (including various supporting parking lots and professional parking lots) for no more than 15 minutes.

3.Parking for no more than 2 hours in road parking spaces in residential areas.

4.Military vehicles (including armed police vehicles), police cars, fire engines, ambulances and engineering rescue vehicles performing tasks.

(seven) traffic accidents, illegal forced to drag away from the scene of the vehicle, should be disposed of according to the principle of nearby parking, the charges according to the standards of vehicle parking lot.

Ten, the price departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and inspection of motor vehicle parking fees in accordance with the law, in violation of the provisions of motor vehicle parking fees, by the price departments in accordance with the relevant provisions. Violation of the management regulations of public security, construction, urban management, industry and commerce, finance, taxation and other departments shall be dealt with according to law by the relevant departments according to their respective responsibilities.

Eleven, this approach since July 1, 2008. Notice of the former general office of the municipal government on Forwarding the Measures for the Implementation of the Municipal Price Bureau on Reforming and Standardizing the Parking Charges for Motor Vehicles in Hangzhou (No.245 [2005] of Hangzhou Zhengban Letter) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　　　　　

　

　

　

Annex 1

　

Parking fee standard for motor vehicles in Hangzhou urban area

　

　

　

Annex 2

　

Motor vehicles with government-guided prices in Hangzhou urban area

Parking charge standard　

　

A lack of competition, monopoly and really need to charge the unit supporting the parking lot, into the city parking lot, parking traffic accidents, illegal forced to drag away from the car parking fee:

　

　

　

Two, the residential area of motor vehicle parking fees:

　

　

　

Annex 3

　

Some parking lots or roads in Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area

Motor vehicle parking fee standard

　

　

　

Jing Zheng Fa [2021] No.38

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　The "Healthy Beijing Construction Plan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan" is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

the people’s government of beijing city　　　　

December 21, 2021　　

Construction Planning of Healthy Beijing during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period

preface

　　The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and it is also a crucial period to implement the strategic positioning of the capital city, build a world-class harmonious and livable capital, and enter a new era of national health. It is of great significance to scientifically plan the ideas, objectives and main tasks of building a healthy Beijing during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period for strengthening people’s physique, improving people’s health level and giving full play to health’s ability to guarantee the economic and social development of the capital.

　　During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the construction of a healthy Beijing will be guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the national strategy of healthy China and national fitness, take the development of the capital as the guide, adhere to the Party’s health and health work policy in the new era, deeply practice the people-centered development concept, take the preparation of the Beijing Winter Olympics as an opportunity to promote the comprehensive and balanced development of winter and summer sports, improve the quality and efficiency of sports development, ensure people’s health in an all-round way and in the whole life cycle, and promote the high-quality development and creation of the capital.

First, the foundation of development

　　(1) New progress has been made in the Healthy Beijing Action.

　　During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the "Healthy Beijing 2030" Planning Outline was promulgated and implemented, the Healthy Beijing Action Promotion Committee was established, 20 health actions were promoted, and the Convention on Health and Wellness of Capital Citizens was issued. About 190,000 patriotic health grassroots organizations have been established, 14 districts have won the title of National Health District and 37 townships have won the title of National Health Township, and civilized and healthy lifestyles have been incorporated into the creation of civilized urban areas (villages and towns). Continue to promote the construction of a smoke-free environment. Since the implementation of the Regulations on the Control of Smoking in Beijing, the smoking rate has dropped from 23.4% to 20.3%, and the number of smokers has decreased by about 550,000. Deepen the improvement of rural human settlements, and the toilet coverage rate of rural harmless sanitary households is 99.4%. The popularization of healthy lifestyle has been accelerated, and the special actions of "three reductions and three healths" (reducing salt, oil, sugar, healthy mouth, healthy weight and healthy bones) have been carried out, more than 1,700 demonstration institutions and more than 800 healthy supporting environments have been built, and more than 20,000 healthy lifestyle instructors have been trained. Make more than 20 propaganda films on chronic disease prevention and control, carry out thematic publicity activities, and popularize knowledge on chronic disease prevention and control. The number of people who regularly participate in physical exercise in the city has reached 10.806 million, more than half of the city’s permanent population. Accelerate the integration of physical education and education, fully implement the promotion plan for youth sports activities, take promoting young people to improve their physical quality and develop a healthy lifestyle as an important part of school physical education, bring students’ physical health level into the assessment system of the government, education administrative departments and schools, and standardize the monitoring and evaluation of school physical education class sports load.The pass rate of the National Student Physical Health Standard for primary and secondary school students in the city reached 96.85%.

　　(B) Public health protection network is more solid.

　　Great strategic achievements have been made in fighting the epidemic. Implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on epidemic prevention and control, take epidemic prevention and control as the overriding priority, adhere to the "three defenses", "four early" and "nine strictness" under the strong leadership of the Beijing COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control leading group, take the most resolute, decisive and strict measures, scientifically, accurately and effectively do a good job in epidemic prevention and control, and do a good job in people’s war, overall war and blocking war. Vigorously, orderly and effectively promote various prevention and control work, set up a medical team to help Hubei to rush to Wuhan, and achieved major strategic achievements in epidemic prevention and control, and properly responded to the epidemic situation in different stages such as imported from Beijing, imported from abroad, Xinfadi Market, Chaoyang District and Shunyi District, and won the epidemic annihilation war; Steadily promote the opening of sports fitness venues and the holding of sports events, promote the "internet plus" fitness model and home fitness programs, enhance people’s physique, fully safeguard people’s life safety and health, lead the demonstration with the first good standard, and make due contributions to the national anti-epidemic struggle.

　　Public health emergency response capacity has been rapidly improved. Promulgated and implemented "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Public Health Emergency Management System in the Capital" and a three-year action plan. A dynamic monitoring system for infectious diseases and a monitoring system for public health emergencies covering seven transportation hubs, primary and secondary schools, more than 600 fever, respiratory, intestinal outpatient and infectious disease specialist hospitals in medical institutions above the second level, and 234 fever screening posts in community health service centers have been newly built. Establish a normal monitoring mechanism for personnel in cold chain food, production and operation environment and express delivery industries. The satisfaction rate of pre-hospital medical emergency calls reached over 95%, and the number of negative-pressure ambulances increased to 121. Establish a graded response bed reserve mechanism for municipal infectious disease hospitals, with 1,270 negative pressure wards in the city, complete the upgrading of 17 fever clinics in 14 municipal hospitals and the setting of fever clinics (sentinel points) in 16 maternal and child health hospitals, and 268 nucleic acid detection institutions in the city, with a daily maximum single sample detection capacity of 760,000, which has the ability to complete the nucleic acid detection of all regional staff in a short time.

　　The capacity of public health services has been continuously improved. The ability of disease prevention and control has been further strengthened. It has taken the lead in establishing a multi-pathogen monitoring system for respiratory tract, a monitoring system for hospitalized cases of severe acute respiratory tract infection and a national pathogen identification network covering 16 districts in the city. Effective treatment of two cases of imported pneumonic plague. The planned immunization rate of children remained above 99%, and there were no cases of wild poliomyelitis strain for 36 consecutive years and no cases of diphtheria for 25 consecutive years. The standardized management rate of registered patients with severe mental disorders reached 94.7%. The whole population’s life-cycle health service capacity has been significantly improved. We will improve the rescue network for critically ill pregnant women and newborns, and select 11 municipal-level rescue centers for critically ill pregnant women and 7 municipal-level rescue centers for critically ill newborns. Seven national specialized units for maternal and child health care, three national early childhood development demonstration bases and six national quality service units for maternal and child safety were established, and six districts became national quality service demonstration zones for maternal and child health. Innovatively carry out grassroots work under the "three famous hospitals, famous departments and famous doctors" and establish 30 grassroots service points in obstetrics and neonatology. Take the lead in reviewing baby-friendly hospitals, and build 111 baby-friendly hospitals and 327 baby-friendly communities. Start the registration of nursery institutions and the establishment of demonstration nursery institutions, and build 19 scientific nursery bases. 253 elderly-friendly medical institutions and 50 elderly health service demonstration bases have been built, and 2 hospice care guidance centers and 9 hospice care demonstration bases have been built to achieve full coverage of medical services in old-age care institutions. The blood support ability has been effectively enhanced. Promulgated the "Beijing Blood Station Setting Plan"(2018 -2025), optimize the layout of blood stations, newly set up 7 regional blood banks and 4 blood donation points, with a total of 71 blood donation points on the street. The clinical blood supply and comprehensive service support capabilities of blood stations have been effectively improved. In 2019, the number of unpaid blood donors and the increase in blood donation amount ranked first in cities across the country.

　　(3) The health level of residents has steadily improved.

　　The average life expectancy increased from 81.95 years in 2015 to 82.43 years in 2020, an increase of 0.48 years. In 2020, the maternal and infant mortality rates were 4.34/100,000 and 1.98‰, respectively, which were 39.4% and 18.2% lower than those of 7.16/100,000 and 2.42‰ in 2015. The premature mortality rate of major chronic diseases (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes) decreased from 11.1% in 2015 to 10.6% in 2020. The reported incidence of Class A and B infectious diseases decreased from 1.50.9/100,000 in 2015 to 80.8/100,000 in 2020, a decrease of 46.5%. The level of residents’ health literacy will increase from 28% in 2015 to 36.4% in 2020, an increase of 8.4 percentage points.

　　(D) The medical and health service system has been improved.

　　The total amount of medical and health resources has increased steadily. In 2020, there will be 11,000 medical and health institutions in the city, an increase of 7.5% over 2015; There are 127,000 beds, an increase of 14% compared with 2015; The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand permanent residents has increased from 5.14 in 2015 to 5.81 in 2020; The number of licensed (assistant) doctors and registered nurses per thousand permanent residents increased from 3.9 and 4.4 in 2015 to 4.9 and 5.4 in 2020, respectively. All community health service centers are equipped with Chinese medicine clinics and Chinese medicine practitioners.

　　The layout of medical and health resources was further optimized. Complete the overall relocation of Tiantan Hospital, the expansion of Yizhuang Campus of Tongren Hospital, the expansion of Dongzhimen Hospital East Area, and the construction of North Campus of Peking University Sixth Hospital. The Tongzhou Campus of Peking University People’s Hospital will be basically completed, and the main structures of projects such as the South Campus of Peking University Hospital, the East Campus of Chaoyang Hospital and the Shunyi Campus of Friendship Hospital will be capped. Promote the overall relocation of Stomatological Hospital, the second phase of Tongzhou Campus of Friendship Hospital, the expansion of Huilongguan Campus of Jishuitan Hospital, the second phase of Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, and the relocation of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Encourage social capital to build international hospitals in areas such as "three cities and one district". Improve the medical and health service capacity of ecological conservation areas through the mode of district management and municipal management.

　　The reform of the medical and health system has achieved remarkable results. We will implement the comprehensive reform of separation of medicines and linkage of medical consumption, continuously standardize and adjust the prices of medical service items, steadily promote the centralized procurement of pharmaceutical consumables, and make the comprehensive supervision system more diversified. 62 comprehensive medical associations and 36 compact medical associations have been built, and the graded diagnosis and treatment with medical associations as the main body has been continuously promoted. The first-time diagnosis rate of residents at the grassroots level has reached 51.9%, and common diseases have been gradually diverted to primary medical and health institutions.

　　The ability of primary medical and health services has been continuously improved. In 2020, there will be 2,069 community health service centers (stations) in the city. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 500 village-level medical and health institutions will be newly built, rebuilt and expanded, and the health services in urban communities and administrative villages will be fully covered, and 180 key specialized grassroots service points will be established to expand 17 kinds of long-prescription drugs. Promote the construction of "smart family doctors", and the "directional triage" service covers all community health service centers, and promote the establishment of responsibility health management between contracted residents and family doctors. Nearly 90% of the respondents are generally satisfied with the contracted services.

　　(5) The national strategy of national fitness was accelerated.

　　The public service system of national fitness is becoming more and more perfect, and the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on National Fitness is revised to provide institutional guarantee for carrying out national fitness activities. The total area of various sports venues is 56.301 million square meters, and the per capita sports venue area is 2.57 square meters. 717 social football fields were added, and the number of football fields per 10,000 people was 1.07. Create 93 national fitness demonstration streets and 73 towns with sports characteristics. The role of non-Olympic sports associations has been brought into play, and non-Olympic sports such as Wushu, dragon boat and air sports have been popularized. More than 102,000 national fitness events were held, and the cumulative number of participants reached 48.16 million. There are 624 two-level sports social organizations in urban areas, 12,000 national fitness teams, 61,000 public welfare social sports instructors and 23,000 professional social sports instructors in the city.

　　(VI) Make solid progress in building a strong city through sports.

　　The strength of competitive sports remains in the forefront of the country. In 2016, the Rio Olympic Games won 8 gold medals and 3 bronze medals, ranking first in the country in the contribution rate of gold medals, which was the most gold medals won by Beijing athletes in previous Olympic Games. In 2017, the 13th National Games won 30 gold medals, 14 silver medals and 31 bronze medals, and the number of gold medals was the highest since the 5th National Games. In 2018, the Asian Games in Jakarta won 15 gold medals, 11 silver medals and 6 bronze medals, with more gold medals and medals than the previous Incheon Asian Games. In 2019, the total number of gold medals and medals in the 2nd Youth Games was among the highest in China. In 2020, Beijing men’s ice hockey team won the national championship, creating the best record in history.

　　The training foundation of sports talents is more solid. There are 29 sports schools at all levels, 144 national youth sports clubs, 512 traditional sports schools at all levels, 439 "Three Big Ball" grass-roots outlets, 91 "Three Big Ball" key demonstration schools and 146 sports teams in the city, with 55,200 registered athletes. The scientific level of sports training has been continuously improved, and more than 1,100 athletes have been sent to municipal sports teams, and a number of outstanding competitive sports talents such as Ma Long, Ding Ning, Cao Yuan, Lin Yue, Zhang Nan and Liu Xiaotong have been trained for the country.

　　Ice and snow sports are booming. Establish a joint conference system for the development of ice and snow sports in Beijing, take the lead in issuing the "1+7" document of ice and snow in China and constantly improve it, and form the 2.0 version of the ice and snow sports development policy. Complete the construction of Beijing ice training base, with 50 indoor ice rinks and 20 ski resorts in the city. We carried out 15,000 mass ice and snow activities at all levels, such as the citizens’ happy ice and snow season, with more than 24.8 million participants. The first city winter sports meeting was held, with a total of 62,400 participants. We will build 200 municipal ice and snow schools and 200 Olympic education demonstration schools. Six municipal and 126 district youth ice and snow sports teams were established, and the number of registered reserve talents in winter projects reached 7565, an increase of nearly 100 times in four years.

　　The influence of sports events is growing. Join other cities to hold a wonderful and outstanding 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup. Successfully held the World Women’s Curling Championship, World Women’s Ice Hockey Championship Class A Group B, World Single Board and Freestyle Ski Platform World Cup, China Open, Beijing Marathon, Beijing International Long-distance Running Festival-Beijing Half Marathon and other major events. Held the 15th Beijing Games, the first Beijing Winter Games and other 1634 sports events at or above the municipal level.

　　The "three big balls" reform has achieved fruitful results. The city football association has been completely decoupled, the role of the basketball association has continued to play, the volleyball market has been deepened and expanded, and the attention of the masses has been increasing. The "three big balls" professional sports clubs have developed rapidly, and professional leagues have continuously achieved excellent results. Beijing Zhonghe Guoan Football Club won the FA Cup in 2018 and the runner-up in the Super League in 2019, and qualified for the AFC Champions League for two consecutive years. Beijing Shougang Women’s Basketball Team won the league championship for two consecutive seasons in 2016-2018, achieving the goal of "three championships in five years". Beiqi Men’s Volleyball Team won the runner-up in China Volleyball League for three consecutive years, and Beiqi Women’s Volleyball Team won the league championship in 2018-2019. Beijing’s "three big balls" achieve a grand slam.

　　(7) Effective improvement of the healthy environment.

　　The green space is constantly expanding, and the ecological environment management has achieved remarkable results. In 2020, the forest coverage rate will reach 44.4%, and the service radius coverage rate of 500 meters of park green space in the built-up area will reach 86.8%, which is 2.8 and 19.6 percentage points higher than that in 2015 respectively; The total length of greenways will increase from 494 kilometers in 2015 to 1218 kilometers in 2020; The average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is 38 μ g/m3, which is 53% lower than that in 2015. The proportion of urban centralized drinking water sources listed in the national assessment reaching or better than Class III is maintained at 100%, and the sewage treatment rate is increased to 95%; The harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage reaches 100%.

　　(VIII) Diversified development of health industry

　　Promote the effective connection between medical innovation achievements and medical health industry. Initially establish a supervision platform for Internet diagnosis and treatment services in Beijing, and explore the mode of "one general supervision platform for Internet diagnosis and treatment services +N Internet medical sub-platforms". The construction of smart hospitals in qualified public medical institutions has effectively improved the management level of smart medical services. The cultivation, breeding and health care services of traditional Chinese medicine have developed well. The number and scale of market players in the sports industry have grown rapidly, and the overall scale of the industry has continued to grow. Sports service industry accounts for more than 90% of the sports industry, and sports competitions, sports exhibitions, venue services, sports training and other formats show a rapid development trend. Sports and culture, tourism, education, health and other fields promote each other and develop together. Guided the creation of 16 national sports industrial bases and 61 municipal sports industrial bases, and cultivated and formed a number of leading enterprises. The total sales of sports lottery tickets reached 32.5 billion yuan.

　　(nine) health counterpart support and international exchanges have been solidly promoted.

　　Beijing "turn-key" aided hospital project started construction. Sign the Beijing-Hebei medical and health security cooperation agreement for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympics. Implement key cooperation tasks such as Beijing-Zhangjia, Jingcheng, Jingtang, Jinglang and Jingbao for coordinated development. High-quality municipal medical and health resources support and help medical and health institutions such as Zhangjiakou City and Beisan County. Counterpart support and cooperation between the east and the west help the social and economic development and construction of the recipient areas. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in the field of medical and health care, carry out 24 "Belt and Road" health international cooperation projects and WHO cooperation center projects, and send 21 batches of long-term medical teams and short-term expert groups with 213 person-times to Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago, Burkina Faso and other countries. The implementation of the pilot project of China-Africa friendship hospital construction has strongly supported the country’s overall diplomacy.

　　(10) The guarantee of the rule of law and the support of science and technology and talents have been further enhanced.

　　The guarantee system for the rule of law has been continuously improved. Promulgate and implement the Regulations on Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Services in Beijing, the Regulations on the Management of Hospital Safety Order in Beijing, the Regulations on Emergency Response to Public Health Emergencies in Beijing, the Regulations on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing, and revise the Regulations on Population and Family Planning in Beijing. Beijing Public Health Standardization Technical Committee was established, and 28 local standards in the field of health were revised. The ability to tackle key scientific research problems has been continuously strengthened. Five national medical centers, 23 national clinical medical research centers and 13 national stem cell clinical research institutions have settled in Beijing, with a total of 28,000 scientific research projects approved, 33 national science and technology awards and 108 Beijing science and technology awards, and 193 achievements have been transformed. Among the top 100 hospitals in China, Beijing occupies 22 seats, ranking first among all provincial administrative regions in China. The health information service support system was further improved, and the city-wide gathering of 20 million people’s electronic health records and public health information (including nucleic acid detection and vaccination) was completed, and the hospital electronic medical records and specialist electronic medical images were piloted, which promoted the innovative application of new information technology in the medical and health field and laid the foundation for the application of smart medical health. The level of talent team construction has been effectively improved. Take the lead in carrying out standardized training for resident pharmacists, standardized training for public health doctors and standardized training for rehabilitation therapists after graduation throughout the country, so as to promote the coordinated development of all kinds of medical nursing technicians. Intensify the training of grassroots health personnel focusing on the construction of general practitioners,In 2020, the number of general practitioners per 10,000 permanent residents will be 3.1, exceeding the national goal of having 2-3 general practitioners per 10,000 residents in urban and rural areas by 2020. In 2020, 10 young scientific and technological talents in the field of public health will be selected for the Science and Technology Rising Star Program.

Second, the situation requires

　　(1) Leading the construction of a healthy Beijing with new development concepts

　　Adhere to the systematic concept and method, thoroughly implement the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, activate the innovation power, promote coordinated development, create a green environment, deepen exchanges and cooperation, strengthen joint construction, governance and sharing, implement the national strategy of healthy China and national fitness, build a healthy city in an all-round way, accelerate the construction of a strong sports city, and start a new stage of healthy Beijing construction.

　　(2) The construction of a healthy Beijing should better serve the overall work of the party and the state.

　　Guided by the development of the capital, give full play to the role of healthy Beijing construction in serving the capital’s "four centers" function construction, improving the level of "four services", promoting common prosperity and safeguarding social fairness and justice, and narrow the differences in resource allocation, service level and health results between urban and rural areas, regions and people.

　　(C) The construction of a healthy Beijing faces new opportunities

　　The construction of international consumption center cities and "two districts" provides favorable conditions for further improving the international medical service system and optimizing the international medical service environment. The rapid development of digital economy, new materials, biomedicine and information technology provides a broader space for innovating health service model and optimizing health service quality. The unique advantages of "Double Olympic City" have given birth to a new opportunity to further improve the physical fitness of the whole people, build a higher-level public service system for national fitness, and show the unique charm of capital sports in international exchanges.

　　(D) emerging infectious diseases and major chronic diseases pose a double threat.

　　Influenza A (H1N1), highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome, COVID-19 and other global emerging infectious diseases are constantly emerging, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and plague, which were effectively controlled before, have resurfaced. Frequent domestic and international personnel movements have increased the risk of cross-border transmission of infectious diseases. At the same time, major chronic diseases have become the main disease burden affecting residents in this city. Facing the double threats of emerging infectious diseases and major chronic diseases, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of public health governance and build a public health safety barrier.

　　(E) Changes in health service demand put forward new requirements.

　　The adjustment of urban functions and the change of industrial layout will cause the change of population distribution, which will bring about the change of regional health service demand. The further aging of the population, the change of disease spectrum and the adjustment of birth policy will increase the demand for services such as chronic disease prevention, rehabilitation nursing, general medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, infant care and mental health. The trend of family miniaturization, declining birthrate and empty nest requires the construction of a fertility-friendly, parenting-supportive policy environment. With the advancement of the modernization process, the increase of residents’ income and the change of health concept, residents’ requirements for the quality, efficiency and environment of health services are constantly improving, and the demand for health services will be more diversified and multi-layered, requiring health services to change from treatment-centered to health-centered. With the upsurge of national fitness and the trend of sports entertainment, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the development level of competitive sports, show the spirit of an international central city, and promote the development of mass sports with the development of competitive sports, enhance people’s physical fitness and improve their quality of life.

　　(VI) The functional orientation of the capital city and the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei put forward new tasks.

　　The deepening of non-capital function relief and the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei requires that both relief and improvement should be paid equal attention, and the allocation of health and health resources should be adjusted in combination with urban layout and population distribution, so as to enhance the health and health service capacity, strengthen the coordination of medical and health policies and extend the layout of high-quality medical resources, and promote the reduction and high-quality development of the capital. Give full play to the regional characteristics and resource advantages of the sports industry, promote a higher level of co-construction and sharing of sports in the three places, consolidate the foundation, promote the advantages, make up the shortcomings and strong and weak items, accelerate the construction of a complementary industrial chain, and continuously improve the scale benefit and brand effect of regional sports development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

Third, the main problems

　　(A) residents’ health quality needs to be improved.

　　There is a difference between residents’ life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Residents have a long life expectancy with illness and their quality of life needs to be improved. Compared with the cities (Tokyo, Seoul, etc.) with outstanding achievements in chronic disease prevention and control in the world, there is room for improvement. The role of sports in strengthening people’s physique has not been fully exerted, and the rapid rise of overweight, obesity and myopia rates of children and adolescents needs to be effectively curbed, and some teenagers’ physical quality is not up to standard.

　　(B) The development mode and satisfaction of health services need to be improved.

　　The development mode of health service needs to be changed from extensive growth in quantity and scale to intensive development in quality and efficiency. The quality of health service, service quality, convenience of service utilization and medical environment need to be improved. The security and toughness of the medical system need to be strengthened, and some hospitals need to strengthen the construction and investment of security infrastructure. Medical disputes and contradictions between doctors and patients lead to many unstable factors in hospital safety, which affect the normal diagnosis and treatment order and threaten the personal safety of medical staff. The demand of the citizens of the capital for physical fitness has not been fully met, and the types of sports for young people need to be enriched.

　　(3) A high-quality and efficient health service system has not yet been formed.

　　The integration and coordination of health service system is not enough. There is a lack of mature and close cooperation mechanism between hospitals at all levels and primary medical and health institutions, and there is a certain gap between the ability of primary medical and health services and the requirements of graded diagnosis and treatment, and the pattern of orderly medical treatment has not really taken shape. The coordination mechanism between public health institutions and medical institutions is not perfect, and communication and sharing are insufficient. The subject structure needs to be optimized, and the allocation of resources such as obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry and rehabilitation nursing is relatively insufficient. The hardware configuration of public health facilities and the three-level laboratory equipment for biosafety protection do not match the demand for public health security in the capital, and the ability of accurate early warning, prevention and control of major epidemics, analysis and judgment needs to be further improved. Due to the lack of effective incentive mechanism and other reasons, grassroots health and public health talents cannot be recruited or retained. The regional distribution of high-quality health resources is uneven. The resources in the core area and the central city are too dense, the high-quality resources in the plain new city and the ecological conservation area are relatively insufficient, and the resources in the urban-rural fringe and rural areas are in short supply. The bottleneck problem that restricts the planning and construction of sports facilities has not been effectively solved. It is necessary to strengthen communication and coordination in filling the shortcomings of fitness facilities around the masses, increasing the effective supply of fitness facilities, improving the fitness environment, and creating a good atmosphere for the general participation of the masses, and do a good job in policy guidance such as planning, land use, construction, operation and maintenance.

　　(D) The healthy environment needs to be optimized

　　The air quality has been greatly improved, but the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has not yet reached the national standard (35 μ g/m3), and the proportion of green travel in the central city is 73.1%, which is lower than the level of about 85% in Tokyo, Seoul and other cities. The long-term management mechanism of environmental sanitation needs to be further improved. The distribution of sports facilities is uneven, the proportion of large and medium-sized sports facilities is high, the opening process of public sports facilities is slow, and the growth rate of per capita index of sports venues in the city is slow, so there is a gap in meeting the diverse needs of people’s fitness and urban disaster prevention and avoidance.

　　(E) Health literacy of residents needs to be improved.

　　The level of residents’ healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy is relatively low. The level of health literacy of the elderly aged 60 to 69 is only 17.2%, and the proportion of teenagers participating in physical fitness activities needs to be improved. At present, the dissemination of health knowledge mainly relies on traditional ways such as holding popular science lectures, making public service advertisements, newspapers and magazines, etc., with limited audience and narrow influence.

　　(6) The ability to build smart health needs to be upgraded.

　　In terms of serving residents’ personal health, a complete personal-centered, life-cycle health data record has not yet been constructed, and there is still much room for optimization of industrial information services for patients’ diagnosis and treatment and residents’ health management. In terms of health services for medical institutions, the ability of hospitals below the second level and primary medical and health institutions to support primary graded diagnosis and treatment needs to be improved. In the development of service health industry, the value of medical health big data needs to be further explored, and the high-quality development of service digital economy is still in its infancy. In terms of serving the healthy operation of the city, the intelligent support of infectious disease monitoring and early warning, urban safety and leadership decision-making needs to be further strengthened.

　　(VII) The sustainable development of competitive sports faces challenges.

　　The promotion space of traditional advantage projects is limited, the potential advantage projects have not formed the strength thickness, the level of ice and snow sports is low, the selection, training and reserve of competitive reserve talents are more difficult, and the team of athletes competing for gold and silver needs to be expanded, which is an arduous and arduous mission to win glory for the motherland and add color to the capital.

　　(8) The vitality of sports industry development needs to be stimulated.

　　The overall scale of the sports industry needs to be further expanded, and the proportion of GDP is still at a low level. The development of sports industry is unbalanced, the industrial chain is not smooth, the industrial structure is single, and the industrial layout needs to be optimized. The agglomeration effect of national sports industry demonstration bases is not obvious, and the efficiency of public sports facilities needs to be further improved. Sports science and technology innovation and the development of high-tech industries need to be more prominent and strengthened. The policy of sports industry needs to be improved, and the efforts to guide social capital into sports field need to be strengthened to further improve the vitality of sports market.

Fourth, the overall requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, resolutely implement the national strategy of healthy China and fitness for all, fully implement the Party’s health work policy in the new era, accurately grasp the new development stage, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, actively integrate into the new development pattern, take the people as the center and take the development of the capital as the guide. Closely follow the strategic positioning of the "four centers" city, give priority to the protection of people’s health, integrate health into all policies, further improve the health service system, improve service quality, promote the construction of a national fitness model city and an international sports city in the capital, give full play to the role of healthy Beijing construction in ensuring people’s health in an all-round, life-cycle way and promoting long-term balanced population development, and lay a solid health foundation for the high-quality development and high-quality life of the capital.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　Adhere to the concept of great health. Take the construction of a healthy Beijing as an important part of urban governance, strengthen domestic cooperation, actively participate in global health governance, establish an institutional mechanism for the government, society and individuals to act together, advocate the concept that "everyone is the first responsible person for their own health", promote the deep integration of national fitness and national health, and promote the construction of a healthy Beijing with national participation, everyone’s action and social sharing.

　　Adhere to the development of the capital. Improve the political position, base on the first good standard, focus on the positioning of the world-class harmonious and livable capital, further strengthen the overall coordination of health resources in the capital, strengthen the cooperation between the central government and the military, and promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei to jointly promote the construction of a healthy Beijing.

　　Adhere to the public welfare of basic medical and health undertakings. Adhere to the government’s leadership, adhere to the main position of public hospitals in the medical and health service system, put social benefits first, establish a stable investment mechanism for public health undertakings, and ensure that everyone enjoys basic medical and health services.

　　Adhere to fairness. Comprehensively promote the transformation from treating diseases as the center to taking health as the center. According to the development needs of urban and rural areas, focusing on grass-roots units, areas with weak resources and public health, we will speed up the filling of shortcomings and weaknesses, continuously improve the fairness and accessibility of basic medical and health services, vigorously promote the balanced and full development of sports facilities, enhance the function of sports public services, and promote health equity between urban and rural areas, regions and people.

　　Adhere to high-quality development. Pay more attention to system integration, synergy and high efficiency, green and low carbon, improve the adaptability and flexibility of health supply to demand changes, promote theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, management innovation and technological innovation in the field of health, and enhance the overall efficiency of building a healthy Beijing. Comprehensively promote the rule of law, accelerate the transformation of sports development mode, improve the system and mechanism of social sports, fully prevent and resolve security risks in sports, enhance the endogenous motivation of sports and stimulate the vitality of sports development.

　　(3) Development objectives and main indicators

　　1. Overall objective

　　By 2025, the health service system will be more in line with the strategic positioning of the capital city and people’s health needs, a strong modern public health system and a high-quality and efficient medical service system will be basically established, and the advantages and functions of traditional Chinese medicine will be further exerted. The development level of sports in the capital has been accelerated, forming a new pattern of sports development with strong government leadership, extensive social participation, vigorous market generate and rich public services. High-quality health services are fairer and more accessible, health science and technology innovation is more dynamic, a healthy environment is more beautiful and livable, a healthy lifestyle is fully cultivated, a healthy culture is deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and citizens’ health literacy has reached a new level.

　　By 2035, a modern health service system will be completed in an all-round way, the residents’ health level will reach the international leading level, the health environment will be fundamentally improved, the innovation strength of health science and technology will be in the forefront of the world, the citizen affinity, economic contribution, cultural soft power and world influence of capital sports will be more prominent, and the city will achieve remarkable results, becoming a national model city for national fitness and a capital international sports city, and a world-leading healthy city with harmonious residents’ body and mind.

　　2. Main indicators

V. Main tasks

　　(A) to build a strong modern public health system

　　1. Reform and improve the disease prevention and control system

　　We will promote the reform of the disease prevention and control system in accordance with national requirements, and build a first-class modern disease prevention and control system in the capital that meets the needs of public health protection in the capital, has the ability to "determine" the pathogens of emerging infectious diseases and health hazards, and has the ability to deal with major public health incidents. We will continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of normalized epidemics, continuously improve the monitoring system for infectious diseases and public health emergencies, establish a multi-point trigger mechanism for intelligent early warning, and comprehensively apply geographic information and other technologies to improve the level of accurate prevention and control. Optimize the function setting of disease control institutions, straighten out the system and mechanism, and change from simply preventing and controlling diseases to comprehensively maintaining and promoting the health of the whole population. Improve the reform measures such as the management of disease control personnel and the salary guarantee mechanism, and study and formulate adjustment policies. By 2025, the proportion of disease control forces per 10,000 permanent residents will be 1.75. Improve the infrastructure conditions of disease control institutions, build a new site of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, make overall use of the existing office space of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, strengthen the public health guarantee in the core area, appropriately improve the equipment configuration standard according to the development needs of the capital, and accelerate the standardization construction of the municipal and district centers for disease control and prevention. Strengthen the capacity building of the third-level laboratory for biosafety protection, and make overall plans for the central resources to set up high-level biosafety laboratories.

　　2. Build a new infectious disease prevention and control system.

　　We will build a new infectious disease prevention and control system that conforms to the functional orientation of the capital and the characteristics of an international metropolis, give full play to the role of general hospitals as the main force, strengthen the capacity building of infectious diseases specialties in general hospitals, and enhance the ability of diagnosis and treatment of difficult and severe diseases and the ability of multidisciplinary cooperation in comprehensive diagnosis and treatment services. Optimize and upgrade the functional orientation of specialized infectious disease hospitals, and usually undertake the functions of diagnosis and treatment of difficult and critical diseases, tackling key clinical technical research problems of infectious diseases, and promoting the transformation of scientific research results; During the epidemic period, as a support and supplement to the diagnosis and treatment of general hospitals, patients with rare infectious diseases and new major infectious diseases are treated; Optimize and upgrade the facilities and equipment of specialized infectious disease hospitals, improve the international service capacity, and realize functional transformation and upgrading. Give full play to the core technical role of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and build Chinese medicine disease prevention and control bases in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine based on the construction of national Chinese medicine disease prevention and control bases. By 2025, the number of national Chinese medicine disease prevention and control bases will reach 2-3, and national key research laboratories and key laboratories will be built. Promote the application of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine diagnosis and treatment program for infectious diseases, and improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.

　　Strengthen the integration of medical care and prevention, implement the public health responsibility of medical institutions, and incorporate the public health responsibility of medical institutions into the hospital grade evaluation index system and the annual performance appraisal of medical institutions. Establish a business support platform for scientific research cooperation, business training, pathogen inspection and identification, and information exchange and sharing, and form a trinity working mode of "disease control-clinical-scientific research" relying on medical associations and health associations. Improve the standardized training program for residents and the professional title evaluation system for health professionals, and implement cross-training programs between public health institutions and secondary and tertiary medical institutions.

　　3. Improve the public health emergency management system.

　　Form a unified and efficient public health emergency command system. Improve the command and decision-making and organization and coordination mechanism, improve the emergency response system, and coordinate the response to public health emergencies in the capital. Improve the health emergency plan system, promote the construction of public health emergency management platform as a whole, make full use of modern information technology to improve the operational efficiency of command and decision-making system, information management system, emergency disposal system, material support system and expert consultation system, so that all systems are effectively connected, interconnected, information is quickly collected, scientific decision-making is supported in time, instructions are smooth and accessible, and all departments respond quickly and act accurately.

　　Improve the public health emergency service system. Establish a modern, professional and standardized comprehensive emergency medical rescue team to comprehensively improve the effective response ability of health emergency. Unified pre-hospital medical emergency call number, each street (township) set up at least one standardized first-aid workstation, the city’s first-aid stations increased to 465, equipped with necessary vehicles and equipment, enrich first-aid personnel, strengthen the combination of first-aid stations with general hospitals and community health service institutions, standardize the connection between pre-hospital medical first-aid transfer and in-hospital first-aid, and improve the capacity and efficiency of safe transfer. The average response time of pre-hospital medical emergency service is less than 12 minutes, the emergency call satisfaction rate is not less than 95%, and the service satisfaction rate is not less than 98%.

　　Strengthen the public health emergency security system. Improve the "city-district-institution" three-level medical materials and equipment reserve system, build a public health and safety emergency support base, and establish a rotation storage system for materials with service life in conjunction with material production enterprises and demand units. Strengthen the construction of social first aid capacity, and realize full coverage of first aid facilities and equipment such as AED in key public places in the city. Formulate a plan for converting large public buildings into emergency facilities and a list of public buildings that can be temporarily requisitioned. One or two public buildings in each district can be converted into centralized medical isolation observation points, shelter hospitals or backup relief and disaster relief places in case of emergency. Improve the ability of blood support, and build a "1+3+7" blood collection and supply service system including one blood center, three central blood stations and seven central blood banks. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the blood donation rate of thousands of people reached 20‰.

　　(2) Building a high-quality and efficient medical service system.

　　1. Balanced distribution of high-quality health resources

　　Implement the "Beijing Urban Master Plan (2016-2035)", combine urban functions and population distribution, promote the balanced layout of high-quality medical and health resources, optimize the structure, improve quality and efficiency, and better serve the health needs of the people. Cooperate to promote the relief of central hospitals. According to the list of relief projects determined by the central government, we will work together to promote the relief of some central hospitals outside Xiang Jing, a tertiary hospital in Beijing. Promote the balanced distribution of regional medical and health resources. In accordance with the principle of increasing or decreasing the linkage, we will promote the medical resources in the central city to the areas with weak resources in an orderly manner. Strictly control the size of the project beds and buildings, and reduce the size of the existing beds. Promote the upgrading and reconstruction of some district hospitals. Combined with district planning and population distribution, the service capacity of district hospitals will be improved, and the resource gap will be filled in the fields of rehabilitation nursing, mental health, maternal and child health care and traditional Chinese medicine.

　　2. Strengthen the construction of national medical centers and regional medical centers.

　　Support the construction of national medical centers for cancer, cardiovascular disease, geriatrics, respiration, children, trauma, stomatology, infectious diseases and neurological diseases, strive for the establishment of national medical centers for psychiatry, orthopedics and general medicine in Beijing, and support municipal hospitals to establish national medical centers. Improve the level of the National Medical Center in the diagnosis and treatment of difficult and critical diseases, the training of high-level medical talents, the transformation of high-level basic medical research and clinical research results, smart medical care, solving major public health problems, and hospital management. Relying on the construction of national medical center, we will promote the interconnection of information and data across regions and institutions. Create a medical center that represents the top level in the country, plays a leading role and is competitive in the world. For export hospitals undertaking the task of building national regional medical centers, we should focus on strengthening the construction of business premises, purchasing medical equipment, building information and scientific research platforms, establishing telemedicine and education platforms, speeding up the intelligent transformation and upgrading of diagnosis and treatment equipment, and giving play to the role of regional medical and health service system. According to the needs, we will promote the planning and layout of regional medical centers in each district, strengthen the functions of diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases and chronic diseases, emergency rescue, referral of difficult diseases, training of primary medical and health personnel, and let the people enjoy fair, accessible and systematic health services such as prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health promotion nearby.

　　3. Optimize and adjust the service structure

　　Fill in the shortcomings of disciplines such as obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, cancer, old age, rehabilitation, and long-term care. Promote the standardization of maternal and child health hospitals and improve the service capacity of obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics in general hospitals. Improve the geriatric medical service network with geriatric departments in geriatric hospitals and general hospitals as the core, basic medical and health institutions as the foundation, and relevant teaching and research institutions as the support. Encourage and guide some secondary hospitals and old-age care institutions to actively transform into medical care, rehabilitation and rehabilitation institutions. By 2025, the proportion of geriatrics departments in secondary and above general hospitals will reach 70%, and at least one hospice care center will be set up in each district. The number of beds providing hospice care services in the city will reach 1,800. By 2025, there will be 8.2 licensed (assistant) psychiatrists for every 100,000 permanent residents.

　　4. Accelerate the construction of a graded diagnosis and treatment system.

　　Strengthen the construction of close medical associations and specialized medical associations, promote the pilot work of health associations, speed up the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources, strengthen the functions of community appointment registration and referral services, classify and refine the sinking system of number sources in large hospitals, and expand the sinking ratio of number sources. By 2025, the appointment rate of municipal hospitals will be greater than 90%, and the proportion of primary consultations will reach 55%. Strengthen the allocation of primary medical and health institutions. By 2025, according to the standard of setting up one community health service center in each street (township) and the principle of setting up one community health service station in every two communities, and according to the block setting and population density, promote the rational layout of community health service centers and community health service stations, and realize the dynamic full coverage of community health service institutions. Explore the reform of medical insurance payment system based on medical association and health association, and do the "first diagnosis at the grassroots level".

　　5. Improve the Chinese medicine service system.

　　We will build a Chinese medicine service system that integrates prevention, treatment, health care and rehabilitation with national and municipal Chinese medicine medical centers as the leader, Chinese medicine medical institutions at all levels and departments of other medical institutions as the backbone, and grassroots medical and health institutions as the foundation. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, at least one national traditional Chinese medicine medical center was established, more than three national regional traditional Chinese medicine medical centers and more than three national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation centers were established. Popularize a number of intervention programs for prevention and treatment of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, and the proportion of prevention and treatment departments in public Chinese medicine hospitals has reached 95%. Create a 10-minute health service circle with Chinese medicine characteristics. Focus on the core technology of traditional Chinese medicine, tackle more than 50 kinds of difficult and advantageous diseases in traditional Chinese medicine specialty, and form a hard-core technology system in traditional Chinese medicine specialty. Strengthen the construction of "flagship" hospitals, "flagship" departments and "flagship" grass-roots medical and health institutions that coordinate Chinese and Western medicine. The proportion of grass-roots Chinese medicine services to the total Chinese medicine services has reached more than 50%, and the proportion of non-drug therapies provided by township hospitals and community health service centers has reached 100%. Develop and expand the service circle of Chinese medicine in urban and suburban areas, guide the development direction and construction focus of different regions by classification, and form a spatial pattern of Chinese medicine development with "one area, one positioning, one area and one brand", dense density, division of labor and cooperation, and perfect functions.

　　6. Promote the sustainable and standardized development of social medical services.

　　Guide and encourage social forces to set up medical institutions. In addition to the core area, other areas will be combined with key functional areas such as CBD, Embassy District and Lize Business District, as well as the airport economic zone of Daxing International Airport and the "three cities and one district" and other areas to comprehensively utilize medical and health land or other compatible land to develop social medical institutions. Reserve planning space for social medical institutions according to 1.5 beds per thousand permanent residents. Reduce the institutional cost of social forces to run medical institutions and create a fair, just, standardized and transparent development environment. Guide the dislocation and coordinated development of social medical institutions and public medical institutions. Implement the clinic filing system and encourage experienced medical practitioners to open clinics. Research and promote the inclusion of clinics in the designated scope of medical insurance outpatient co-ordination. Improve the third-party service support system, standardize and guide social forces to set up non-profit medical institutions such as rehabilitation medical centers and nursing centers, and independently set up medical institutions such as medical laboratory, pathological diagnosis center, medical imaging center and hemodialysis center with chain and group operation, and encourage the establishment of social pharmacies.

　　7. Developing the international medical service system

　　Taking the pilot medical institutions of international medical service as the starting point, we will explore and innovate in management team, standards, service content, talent introduction, clinical application of imported drugs, commercial insurance connection, etc., open up the blocking points and difficulties of international medical service, and promote the improvement of international medical service capacity and level. Support the planning and construction of international hospitals in key areas such as "three cities and one district", Chaoyang District and Daxing International Airport. Encourage foreign capital and social capital to invest in the development of international medical care. Promote the construction of international medical associations and international community hospitals, encourage the construction of small and medium-sized high-level international clinics, and provide high-quality international medical services. Allow public medical institutions to appropriately supplement international medical resources, support public hospitals to tap their potential reasonably in areas with international medical service needs, and set up and develop international medical departments within the proportion allowed by the state.

　　8. Intensify the innovation of service mode.

　　Adhere to the patient-centered, vigorously promote new service models such as multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment (MDT), team diagnosis and treatment, daytime diagnosis and treatment, and holistic nursing. Encourage qualified hospitals to set up day wards, day treatment centers, etc., to provide patients with services such as day chemotherapy and day irradiation treatment, improve the efficiency of bed units, and shorten the time for patients to wait for hospitalization and surgery. A number of Internet hospitals and smart hospitals that play a leading role in demonstration will be built to form an online and offline integrated medical service model. Encourage grassroots medical and health institutions to use the Internet platform to expand the "smart family doctor" service on the basis of doctors signing contracts. Accelerate the intelligent development of health management, health care and other services, and do a good job in optimizing and upgrading smart women and children, smart pre-hospital first aid, and population and family systems. Formulate unified professional pharmaceutical service standards, deepen drug consultation outpatient service in tertiary hospitals, promote the sinking of pharmaceutical service in medical associations, enhance the ability of grassroots pharmacists, and improve the rational drug use level of residents.

　　9. Deepen the reform of the medical and health system and mechanism.

　　Improve the governance mechanism of public hospitals. Adhere to and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over public hospitals. Fully implement the president responsibility system under the leadership of the party Committee and improve the rules of procedure and decision-making. We will further improve the system of selecting, appointing and training leaders in public hospitals, and scientifically select and employ the helm with both ability and political integrity to lead the high-quality development of public hospitals. Establish and improve public welfare-oriented performance appraisal methods and strengthen the application of assessment results, focusing on medical quality, operational efficiency, sustainable development, satisfaction evaluation and other contents, linking assessment results with financial investment, medical insurance payment, performance pay and so on, and strengthening the role of performance appraisal.

　　Improve the operation and management system of public hospitals. Strengthen comprehensive budget management, strengthen cost accounting and cost control, promote the effective allocation and use of resources, and ensure the scientific, standardized and refined operation and management of hospitals. We will continue to deepen the reform of the salary system in public hospitals, promote the implementation of the requirements of "two permits" in medical and health institutions (allowing medical and health institutions to break through the current wage control level of public institutions, allowing medical service income to deduct costs and withdraw various funds according to regulations, which will be mainly used for personnel rewards), scientifically and reasonably determine and dynamically adjust the salary level of public hospitals, optimize the salary structure, and focus on clinical frontline, key and scarce posts, high-risk and high-intensity posts, high-level talents, business backbones and medical personnel who have made outstanding achievements.

　　Optimize the compensation mechanism of public hospitals. Deepen the reform of medical service price, establish a scientific and sensitive price dynamic adjustment mechanism, and constantly improve and optimize the structure and price comparison relationship of medical service items. Deepen the reform of centralized procurement system for drugs and medical consumables. Strengthen the performance management of government investment, and explore a more scientific and reasonable financial classification compensation mechanism and financial subsidy performance evaluation system for public hospitals. We will continue to further promote the reform of DRG, study and try out the per-head payment for chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in primary medical institutions, and explore the packaged payment method of compact medical associations.

　　(C) to create a safe and livable healthy environment

　　1. Comprehensively improve the living environment.

　　Inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of the patriotic health campaign, incorporate the patriotic health campaign into the working mechanism of "whistle for reporting" and the category of spiritual civilization construction, closely combine it with the prevention and control of infectious diseases and chronic diseases, and continue to carry out mass patriotic health campaigns such as "weekend health day" and "patriotic health month" to promote the patriotic health campaign to integrate into people’s daily lives. We will improve the environment of back streets and alleys, strengthen the management and protection of public health infrastructure, do a good job in garbage classification and source reduction, strengthen comprehensive social management and industry supervision, and improve the environmental quality of urban and rural areas. Strengthen the construction of centralized medical waste treatment facilities and improve the medical waste disposal capacity. Practice the concept of green health, closely combine healthy city planning and design with architectural design, and provide users with comfortable, healthy, low-consumption and harmless space. By 2025, the city’s sewage treatment rate will reach 98%, and the water quality of centralized drinking water sources such as Miyun Reservoir will reach the standard steadily. Harmless sanitary household toilets are basically popularized in rural areas. Achieve full coverage of national health areas, and the proportion of national health towns and villages has reached more than 40%.

　　2. Create a healthy and civilized tobacco control environment.

　　Effectively implement the "Regulations on Smoking Control in Beijing" and strengthen the main responsibility of various departments and units for tobacco control in their own industries and units. Focusing on the construction of smoke-free party and government organs, we will continue to promote the construction of smoke-free environment in tobacco control demonstration units and play a leading role in tobacco control demonstration. Continue to carry out extensive tobacco control publicity, and further improve the awareness of the whole society on the harm of tobacco and the awareness of citizens to abide by the law. Strict tobacco control supervision and law enforcement, adhere to both daily supervision and law enforcement and centralized special law enforcement, handle tobacco control complaints and reports in a timely manner, and actively respond to people’s demands for tobacco control. Continue to promote standardized smoking cessation clinics, smoking cessation hotlines, and short clinical smoking cessation intervention services to enhance public awareness of scientific smoking cessation. To carry out monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control effect, and regularly release the monitoring results to the society.

　　3. Strengthen food safety

　　Develop and build a comprehensive information platform for food safety. Realize data integration, timely analysis and information sharing of standards, monitoring, evaluation and communication. Improve the risk identification ability of food pollutants, improve the traceability technology and platform of food-borne diseases, and master the epidemic characteristics of food-borne diseases in the food chain. Establish and improve Beijing food consumption database. Establish a food safety risk monitoring and evaluation team with disease control institutions as the main body and third-party institutions as the supplement. Set up an expert committee on food safety risk assessment in Beijing to do a good job in food safety risk assessment for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games.

　　4. Optimize the healthy environment of the school

　　The facilities and conditions of primary and secondary school campus education (classroom lighting and lighting, desks and chairs, blackboards, etc.) should meet the requirements of relevant national documents and norms, and provide students with a learning environment that meets the requirements of eye hygiene and is conducive to growth and development. Strengthen the management of meals and drinking water inside and outside the school, so that every student can eat safe and nutritious "warm-hearted meals" and drink safe and clean "safe water". Strengthen the construction of kindergarten health care rooms, primary and secondary health care institutions, health care doctors and school doctors, and fully equip health professional and technical personnel. Carry out the patriotic sanitation campaign on campus in the new era, consolidate the achievements of the "toilet revolution" and improve the campus environmental sanitation.

　　5. Strengthen occupational health management and service.

　　Employers earnestly implement the main responsibility of occupational health and actively improve the working environment of workers. Overall planning of the city’s occupational disease prevention and control resources, using various engineering and technical means to prevent, control and eliminate occupational disease hazards. Take the initiative to declare occupational disease hazards, regularly carry out occupational disease hazards detection and occupational health examination in the workplace as required, implement the requirements of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and other laws and regulations on employers, and urge all institutions to carry out occupational disease prevention and control work according to law. Promote the informatization construction of occupational disease prevention and occupational health management in the city, establish basic files of employers with serious occupational disease hazards, implement classified management, carry out various monitoring and research on workers exposed to occupational disease hazards, monitor the living conditions of pneumoconiosis patients, build a technical system for classification, classification, prediction and early warning of occupational disease hazards, improve the effectiveness of occupational disease hazard risk monitoring and prediction and early warning, and achieve full coverage of occupational health monitoring of employers in key industries.

　　6. Continuously improve the natural ecological environment

　　Form an urban ecosystem with ecological conservation areas as the barrier, forests as the main body, rivers as the context, farmland and lakes as the embellishment, and rich biodiversity. In-depth fight against pollution, strengthening the coordinated control of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, coordinating water pollution prevention and water ecological protection, and fully implementing soil pollution prevention and control, the ecological environment quality was further improved during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. Do a good job of leaving blank space and increasing greening. By 2025, the service radius coverage rate of 500 meters of park green space in the built-up area will reach 90%, and the total length of urban greenways will continue to increase, so that citizens can truly feel the improvement of the ecological environment.

　　7. Maintain the traffic safety environment

　　Create a safe, environmentally friendly and healthy traffic ecology. Improve road safety facilities, strengthen traffic safety supervision and management, advocate civilized travel, control vehicle speed, slow down and reduce traffic accidents. Vigorously promote the opening of parks and greenways to city slow traffic system, make full use of greenway resources, and build a running and cycling system for leisure and fitness. Redistribute the road space resources around the track, increase the slow-moving space, improve the current slow-moving connection environment around the track site, and create a convenient, safe, comfortable and pleasant slow-moving environment. By 2025, the proportion of green travel in the central city will reach 76.5%. Improve barrier-free transportation facilities and build a more friendly transportation environment for children, the elderly and the disabled.

　　8. Enhance the safety management level of sports industry.

　　Improve the safety management system and mechanism of sports industry, and pay attention to strengthening the construction of safety management team. Strengthen the identification and evaluation of safety risks in the sports industry, do a good job in the prevention and management of high-risk sources, strengthen pre-plan drills, and continuously improve the ability of risk prevention and control. Adhere to the investigation and treatment of hidden dangers in the sports industry, continue to carry out safety training and law enforcement inspection, compact the main responsibility of safety management of sports industry business units, urge the territorial implementation of regulatory responsibilities, and improve the safety service level of the sports industry. Vigorously strengthen the construction of industry safety management standards and norms, and guide the development of sports industry safety norms.

　　(D) Cultivate healthy people

　　1. Improve the health literacy of the whole people

　　Improve the national health education system and improve the health education network. Construction of health education bases at all levels, health education services for primary and secondary school students, employees, floating population, community residents and other groups. Strengthen the construction of health education team, improve the expert database of health science at city and district levels, and provide scientific, standardized, convenient and practical health science resources to the society based on the needs of the masses. Encourage the integration of media platform construction and product innovation, continuously enhance the convergence ability of network platforms, give full play to the advantages of new media platforms, continuously expand the coverage and influence of new media, and accurately and effectively disseminate health knowledge to the public. Advocate the establishment of a correct outlook on life and medicine, guide the public to rationally look at the limitations of medical technology and the diversity and complexity of unknown medical fields, and cultivate scientific medical habits.

　　2. Promote the development of healthy behaviors

　　Continue to promote the "three reductions and three health" special action and the national healthy lifestyle action. Carry out follow-up evaluation of nutrition standards and food safety standards. Under the guidance of healthy dietary guidelines, strengthen nutritional intervention and guidance for malnourished people, and formulate healthy dietary guidelines for key people. Encourage schools to create healthy canteens and cultivate students’ good eating habits. Carry out the construction of a demonstration community for nutrition promotion, provide nutrition instructors in the community, and provide nutrition guidance and consultation for community residents, including Chinese medicine diet and dietotherapy.

　　3. Strengthen physical and health integration and non-medical health intervention.

　　Establish guidance methods for sports to promote health for different people, different environments and different physical conditions, and promote the formation of a disease management and health service model integrating sports and health. Promote the integration of sports and health services to the grassroots coverage. Promote sports intervention projects and methods for common chronic diseases, encourage medical institutions to provide guidance services for sports to promote health, encourage and guide social sports instructors to provide scientific fitness guidance services for the masses in fitness places, improve fitness effects and prevent sports injuries. Promote the theoretical, scientific and practical innovation of the integration of sports and health, issue a guide to physical fitness activities, and establish a long-term mechanism for national fitness volunteer service. Actively implement the "National Physical Exercise Standards", focus on young people to carry out national physical fitness monitoring and intervention, establish a national sports level rating standard and evaluation system, and encourage the inclusion of national physical fitness measurement in health examination items.

　　(five) the implementation of the national strategy of strengthening the country by sports and fitness for all.

　　1. Build a high-level public service system for national fitness.

　　Give full play to the role of the joint meeting of the national fitness work at the municipal and district levels, and earnestly fulfill the government’s responsibility for public sports services. Closely following the goal of "seven haves" and the demand of "five natures", we will create demonstration streets for national fitness and towns with sports characteristics, improve the selection index system and selection methods, and strengthen the standardized construction, refined management and precise service of grassroots national fitness work. Starting from safeguarding the basic sports rights and interests of the masses, enhancing physical fitness, promoting health and improving people’s livelihood, we will build a national fitness public service system covering urban and rural areas, facilitating the people and benefiting the people, and continuously developing and improving the level of national fitness public service. The proportion of people who regularly participate in physical exercise in the city reaches 53%, and the life-oriented sports theme activities are more diverse.

　　2. Continuously improve the ability to win glory for Beijing and the country.

　　Improve the development model of competitive sports in Beijing and form a diversified new pattern of national system, integration of sports and education and overall development of social organizations. Optimize the layout of competitive sports, enlarge and strengthen key Olympic events such as table tennis, diving, gymnastics and badminton, rapidly upgrade basic events such as track and field, swimming, cycling and water sports, and gather and train a group of coaches with international vision, innovative thinking and high coaching level. Deepen the reform of the "three big balls" project, push the competitive level to a new level, and constantly create good results in the National Games and professional leagues. Strengthen the upgrading of venues and facilities of municipal training units, speed up the construction of compound training teams of sports teams, comprehensively improve the training quality and competitive level, train and transport more competitive sports talents for the country, and achieve excellent results in major competitions such as the Olympic Games and the National Games.

　　3. Create a good environment for adolescent health sports.

　　Continue to promote the integration of sports and education, firmly establish the educational concept of "health first", strengthen the construction of traditional sports schools and youth sports clubs, and connect the training and transportation channels for young sports reserve talents. Accelerate the reform of sports schools and build them into a youth sports training activity center integrating amateur training, skill training, physical education class service and after-school exercise. We will continue to improve the system of youth sports events and encourage social forces to participate extensively in youth sports training and the cultivation of competitive sports reserve talents. Seize the opportunity of the Winter Olympics and vigorously develop youth ice and snow sports. Constantly improve the youth sports service system that combines winter and summer, with the joint efforts of schools, sports schools and society.

　　4. Promote the development of ice and snow sports to a new level.

　　Relying on the Beijing ice training base, we will promote the co-construction of national training teams for snowmobiles, sledges and other projects, unite with strong ice and snow provinces, train a number of outstanding athletes in short track speed skating and other projects, and do our best to prepare for and guarantee the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Winter Paralympics. Efforts will be made to create high-quality ice and snow events with wide participation of the public, such as the happy ice and snow season, and no less than 10 municipal ice and snow events will be held every year. Establish and improve the U series competition system of Beijing youth ice and snow events, integrate traditional sports schools, support ice and snow sports schools, actively develop campus ice and snow sports, and cultivate high-quality ice and snow sports reserve talents.

　　5. Popularize and improve the "three big balls" movement.

　　Extensively carry out mass sports activities of "three big balls" and form a strong fitness atmosphere of "three big balls". Improve the "three big balls" competition system that combines professional events, youth events and social events. Promote the market-oriented construction of the "three big balls", standardize the professional development path of the league, enhance the brand value and profitability of the professional league, and make the organization and competition level of the "three big balls" professional league reach the first-class level in Asia. Strengthen the construction of "three big balls" and "3+3+3" projects at the district level. Vigorously cultivate amateur "three-ball" clubs and encourage schools to develop students’ "three-ball" clubs.

　　6. extensively carry out national fitness events.

　　Adapt to the needs of normalized epidemic prevention and control, innovate the online and offline integrated national fitness activity model, and promote the popularization, regularization and diversification of mass fitness activities. Taking brand events such as "Hundred Teams Cup" as the starting point, we will guide social forces to participate in sports events and build a platform for mass "three big balls" events. We will extensively carry out non-Olympic sports such as martial arts, health qigong, dragon boat and kite, and increase the popularity of non-Olympic sports. Actively carry out sports for the elderly, women and children, and promote the development of rehabilitation sports and fitness sports for the disabled. We will extensively carry out campus sports competitions and improve the youth sports competition system. Hold at least 500 mass sports events at or above the municipal level every year to ensure that "the masses have activities every day, communities (villages) have sports events every month, and streets (towns) have sports meetings every year".

　　7. Coordinate the construction of sports venues and facilities.

　　Adhere to the government-led, problem-oriented, first-good standards, and local conditions, tap the potential of land supply, make full use of resources such as free space and urban "Jinjiao Yinbian", plan and build convenient mass sports facilities, speed up the reconstruction and reconstruction of workers’ stadiums, promote the construction of key projects such as green heart sports facilities in urban sub-centers, workers’ gymnasiums, "Three Big Balls" youth training bases and Beijing Swimming School, and upgrade and transform the venues of intelligent training bases step by step. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, 380 social football fields were built in the city, and the per capita public sports land area increased significantly. The per capita sports ground area reached more than 2.82 square meters, and the number of football fields per 10,000 people reached 1.25.

　　8. Create high-end events to help build an international exchange center.

　　Taking the opportunity of preparing for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games, we will do our best to prepare for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup (Beijing Division) and constantly promote the upgrading of China Tennis Open, Beijing Marathon, Beijing International Long-distance Running Festival-Beijing Half Marathon and other events. Focusing on Beijing’s dominant sports, the brand construction of "one district, one product" for mass international brand events will be carried out around key areas such as the city sub-center, the Olympic Central District, the new Shougang Park and the Yanqing Winter Olympic Stadium Group. Focus on strengthening exchanges and cooperation with sister cities, host cities of the Olympic Games and countries and cities along the Belt and Road, give full play to the leading role of international sports events, create a number of international brand events with characteristics, good results and great international influence, and promote international exchanges and people’s hearts.

　　(6) Create a healthy culture

　　1. Promote the development of humanities and social sciences in the health field.

　　Support the development of humanities and social sciences research in the field of health, encourage the development of bioethics, health law, health sociology and other disciplines, and improve the humanistic quality of the health talent team in the capital. Building a high-end think tank in the field of humanities and social sciences will provide high-quality research support for solving social, ethical and legal problems faced by the development of contemporary medicine, health services and health undertakings. Deepen the integration of medical science and humanities and social sciences, and accelerate the transformation of research results through social policies, management systems, service models and public opinion atmosphere.

　　2. Encourage literary and artistic creation on the theme of health.

　　Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, support and encourage the creation of literary and artistic works closely related to the theme of healthy Beijing and loved by the people, and encourage the holding of various health programs. Focus on the theme of the times, publicize the major strategic thoughts, principles and policies of the party and the state to safeguard and promote people’s health, vigorously carry forward the great anti-epidemic spirit and the new era medical and health professional spirit of "respecting life, saving lives and healing the wounded, being willing to contribute, and loving the country without borders", deeply publicize advanced deeds and model of the times, and form a good atmosphere of respecting doctors and attaching importance to health in the whole society.

　　3. Do a good job in propaganda and guidance of health culture.

　　Intensify propaganda and public opinion work, integrate propaganda work into the overall situation of the cause, and carefully organize theme propaganda, policy propaganda, achievement propaganda, typical propaganda and popular science propaganda around the major arrangements and key tasks of building a healthy Beijing during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, so as to continuously consolidate and expand mainstream ideological public opinion and provide strong ideological guarantee and strong spiritual motivation for building a healthy Beijing. Incorporate news reports, public opinion monitoring and guidance, health tips, etc. into the daily work of relevant departments, regularly carry out business ability training, and steadily improve publicity ability and media literacy. Give play to the leading role of example and boost the spirit of the industry.

　　4. Carry out cultural practice creation activities for healthy Beijing construction.

　　Strengthen the medical humanistic quality and professional ethics education of medical staff, and form a common ideal, belief and value pursuit. Carry out medical social work to solve psychological and social problems caused by diseases for patients and their families, enhance medical humanistic care and improve medical humanistic environment. Improve the prevention and handling system of medical disputes, optimize the medical treatment process, improve the medical treatment experience, and reduce the occurrence of medical disputes from the source. Unswervingly promote the anti-corruption construction of the whole system, severely crack down on all kinds of illegal acts, and create a clean and honest industry environment. Continue to strengthen the construction of "Ping An Hospital" and strengthen the construction of hospital security forces and facilities.

　　5. Promote the popularization of Chinese medicine health culture.

　　Carry out the project of improving the cultural literacy of traditional Chinese medicine and build a pilot base with community colleges as the core. Create a large-scale theme activity cluster of traditional Chinese medicine popular science culture represented by Ditan Culture Festival. Encourage all districts to carry out cultural activities related to traditional Chinese medicine with local characteristics and advantages. Strengthen the connotation construction of traditional Chinese medicine cultural tourism demonstration base. Continue to deepen the investigation of cultural resources of traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing, and comprehensively and systematically sort out the content, inheritance and development of cultural resources of traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing. Continue to promote Chinese medicine culture into the campus. Accelerate the construction of the second phase of Beijing Digital Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and promote the pilot project of "showroom, experience room and transformation room" of Chinese medicine culture in medical institutions. Establish a model of cultural self-confidence of the master of traditional Chinese medicine and the master of traditional Chinese medicine in the capital. Realize the construction of traditional Chinese medicine heritage studio and the construction of traditional Chinese medicine cultural tourism base.

　　6. Carry forward the Chinese sports spirit

　　Carry forward the Chinese sports spirit with the spirit of women’s volleyball in the new era as its main feature, and highlight the socialist core values in the sports field. Strengthen the education of Olympic spirit, Chinese sportsmanship and sportsmanship, innovate the way of publicity, strengthen the guidance of public opinion, and integrate sports culture into the cultural construction of the capital city around building the business card of "Double Olympic City". Tell the story of Beijing sports well, make sports an important carrier to spread positive energy and carry forward the main theme, create a healthy and upward social atmosphere, achieve a win-win situation between the Olympic movement and urban development, and show the style of a big country’s capital and the unique charm of Chinese culture.

　　(7) Strengthen the integrated development of health services and population social services.

　　1. Organize and implement the three-child birth policy according to law.

　　Improve the population monitoring system, actively promote cross-departmental information sharing, improve the level of birth population monitoring, and strengthen the analysis of birth population situation and research on related population issues. Implement the three-child birth policy and supporting measures, and do a good job in tracking and evaluating the implementation effect. In-depth study of influencing factors, constantly improve the public service and policy support system to support family fertility, implement supporting measures such as maternity leave, maternity insurance, taxation, housing, education and employment, and reduce the cost of marriage, childbirth, parenting and education. Strengthen the publicity of the scientific concept of fertility for the society and key groups, encourage the masses to give birth according to the policy, and create a fertility-friendly social environment. Strengthen policy convergence and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of family planning families.

　　2. Promote the development of infant care services.

　　Use a variety of policy means, mobilize resources through multiple channels, build a universal care service supply system, increase the supply of GSP care services, and configure and improve infant care service facilities according to the standard of not less than 4.5 places per thousand people. Standardize the registration and filing of nursery institutions, and establish a comprehensive supervision system for nursery institutions after the event. We will implement the action plan for the standardized construction of community children’s centers, set up an expert database of infant care in Beijing, and provide online and offline public welfare scientific parenting guidance services for school-age families in this city. Encourage employers to adopt flexible working hours and other measures to create convenient conditions for family infant care. Study and formulate the qualification standards for all kinds of employees in infant care services, and establish a training and management system for employees in nursery institutions. All kinds of public places are equipped with maternal and child facilities in accordance with regulations.

　　3. Optimize the whole service of maternal and child health.

　　Promote the health of pregnant women. Provide basic medical and health care services for the whole process of childbirth, strengthen the standardized construction and management of maternal and child health care institutions, and improve the comprehensive early warning network. Establish a modern safe delivery service mode in delivery room, improve the rapid response ability of midwifery team and the homogenization level of critical pregnant women’s treatment. Multi-disciplinary cooperation to provide accurate and refined services for pregnant women. Promote a new model of consulting and one-stop maternal and child health care services. Create a special service center for pregnancy and childbirth, an international maternal and child health exchange and service center, and a modern maternal and child health training platform.

　　Protect children’s health. Multi-departments jointly improve the comprehensive prevention and control network of birth defects to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B. Create an international children health exchange center. Carry out breastfeeding promotion actions, and build mother-infant friendly hospitals, high-quality service bases for early childhood development and healthy and friendly communities for children. We will further promote the integrated service of children’s physical and mental health prevention and treatment, and popularize appropriate technologies to deal with key health problems of children and adolescents.

　　Improve women’s quality of life. Carry out women’s life cycle health care services. Ensure that women of childbearing age have the right to informed choice of contraception and birth control, and prevent unwanted pregnancy. Improve the self-care awareness and quality of life of perimenopausal women, and extensively carry out menopausal health care services. Improve the two cancer screening network, optimize screening strategies, expand screening coverage, promote early diagnosis and treatment, and promote the pilot work of eliminating cervical cancer.

　　4. Improve the ability of health service for the aged.

　　Promote the construction of health guidance centers for the elderly and explore multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment models for the elderly. The standard rate of standardized construction of health services for the elderly in community health service institutions reached 80%. The disabled elderly will be regarded as the key group of family doctors’ contracted services, and family beds and home visits will be actively carried out. The establishment of elderly friendly medical institutions will be carried out. By 2025, elderly friendly medical institutions will account for more than 80%. Establish and improve the elderly care service network supported by institutions, supported by communities and based on home. Improve the prevention-treatment-rehabilitation-nursing-long-term care-hospice care service chain. Carry out health literacy survey of the elderly, accurately grasp the basic situation of the elderly population, and provide health management services for the elderly. We will carry out pilot projects for prevention and intervention of disability and dementia in the elderly, strengthen social cognitive education and early screening of disability and dementia, and implement management of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Carry out the "wisdom to help the elderly" action to help the elderly cross the "digital divide." Further strengthen market supervision and standardize the development of health care and rehabilitation market for the elderly.

　　5. Improve the quality of rehabilitation nursing service.

　　Encourage different levels of medical institutions to carry out different types of rehabilitation services according to their ability and functional orientation, and explore the establishment of a whole-process rehabilitation system for acute, subacute and chronic rehabilitation. Encourage qualified medical institutions to explore new formats of "internet plus Rehabilitation Service". Support and guide social forces to set up large-scale and chained rehabilitation clinics, rehabilitation medical centers and rehabilitation hospitals. Encourage qualified primary medical institutions to set up and increase beds to provide rehabilitation services according to needs. Innovate the nursing service mode, comprehensively implement the holistic nursing of inpatient responsibility system in hospitals of all levels and types, and provide patients with the whole process, seamless, professional and convenient nursing service. Support qualified medical institutions to establish a hospital-community-family linkage mechanism to extend nursing services to communities and families.

　　6. Improve mental health and mental health services.

　　Improve the mental health medical institutions, community rehabilitation institutions, social organizations and families to link up the community rehabilitation service system for mental disorders. Improve the social and psychological health monitoring and early warning mechanism in the handling of major emergencies. Formulate the mental health service standard in Beijing, and all kinds of clinical medical staff should take the initiative to master mental health knowledge and skills and apply them to clinical diagnosis and treatment activities. Give full play to the role of "internet plus", strengthen the construction of mental health service volunteers, and provide convenient and accessible mental health services for the masses. Carry out mental health check-ups and brain health check-ups for Beijing residents. The standardized management rate of registered patients with severe mental disorders during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period reached over 95%. Improve the level of treatment policies for patients with severe mental disorders, and gradually add new drugs such as long-acting injections to the free medication list.

　　7. Optimize health services for the disabled.

　　Formulate and implement a disability prevention action plan, carry out disability prevention for the whole population and the whole life cycle, and establish a socialized disability prevention and control system. Improve the child disability reporting system and rehabilitation case management system to ensure that every disabled child receives timely and effective rehabilitation services. Do a good job in the settlement of medical expenses for severely disabled people and strengthen medical assistance for the disabled. Formulate rehabilitation service standards for community health service institutions, and promote community health service institutions to give priority to providing basic medical care, public health and health management services for the disabled. Strengthen the construction of rehabilitation and care facilities for the disabled, improve barrier-free facilities in medical institutions, and provide barrier-free medical services for the disabled. We will implement the policy of rehabilitation services for the disabled, improve the subsidy system for assistive devices for the disabled, and enhance their ability to take care of themselves and participate in society. By 2025, the coverage rate of basic rehabilitation services for disabled people in need will reach over 90%.

　　(eight) to promote the innovation and development of health industry.

　　1. Promote medical health innovation.

　　Support the construction of comprehensive and high-level national laboratories in the field of life sciences, strengthen collaborative innovation, focus on the prevention and control of major emerging infectious diseases, major chronic diseases, brain science and brain-like, cutting-edge key technologies and basic sciences in accordance with the national strategic scientific and technological tasks, and concentrate on tackling key core technologies to solve a number of "stuck neck" problems. Introduce new technologies and methods such as big data, blockchain, 5G and artificial intelligence to promote the integration and penetration of health-related disciplines and other disciplines. Establish a biosafety innovation technology system, and make new breakthroughs in theory and technology such as major biological risk perception, spread risk assessment, and epidemic early warning and prediction. Support the development of National Clinical Medical Research Center and Beijing Clinical Medical Research Center, guide and support the development of research hospitals and research wards, stimulate the vitality of scientific and technological innovation of medical institutions, continuously improve the clinical research and transformation capabilities, and realize that the number of international and domestic multi-center clinical trials led by this Municipality is leading in China.

　　2. Promote the development of medical and health industry.

　　Establish a mechanism for the output, transformation and industrialization of medical innovation achievements to meet the needs of high-quality development. Encourage medical institutions and high-tech enterprises to jointly establish translational medicine centers in artificial intelligence, research and development of new drugs and devices, and jointly build demonstration parks and transformation bases for medical science and technology innovation industrialization with "three cities and one district" to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of medical institutions. Promote the parallel development of pharmaceutical manufacturing and health services, and build a leading edge in new vaccines, next-generation antibody drugs, cell and gene therapy, and domestic high-end medical equipment. Support the research and development and application of new technologies and equipment such as artificial intelligence technology, medical robots, Internet of Things and wearable devices in the medical and health field. Encourage the development of health consulting, health training and other health industries. Integrate Chinese medicine science and technology and industrial resources, accelerate the transformation of Chinese medicine scientific and technological achievements, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries of Chinese medicine, and accelerate the construction of key technologies and equipment in the whole industry chain of diagnosis, treatment, health care and rehabilitation of Chinese medicine. By 2025, the total operating income of the pharmaceutical and health manufacturing industry will reach 400 billion yuan.

　　3. Encourage the development of commercial health insurance.

　　Make full use of the personal income tax policy of commercial health insurance, and encourage the increase of the supply of new health insurance covering innovative drugs, high-end medical device applications, special medical care, disease prevention, prevention of diseases by traditional Chinese medicine, exercise and fitness and other intervention services. Accelerate the development of medical liability insurance and medical accident insurance. Support insurance institutions to develop liability insurance and operational insurance for nursery institutions. Encourage insurance institutions to meet the needs of consumers, provide comprehensive health products and services, and promote the integrated development of health insurance and health services.

　　4. Improve the new quality of national fitness.

　　Guide citizens to establish the concept of great health and develop active fitness habits. Promote the integrated development of sports and health, sports and education. We will continue to promote the opening of public sports facilities and school sports venues and facilities to the society. Innovate the organizational system and evaluation and incentive mechanism of national fitness events. Promote the construction of a municipal "national fitness service cloud" platform and improve the comprehensive service level of venues. Encourage the market to develop smart "cloud fitness" products and services to promote online and offline interactive integration.

　　5. Promote the new development of sports events

　　Strengthen cooperation with international sports organizations and high-level professional clubs, and encourage the introduction of top international commercial sports events. Support the construction and development of Beijing sports professional clubs, encourage the market development of professional clubs, cultivate the brokerage service ability of sports events, and accelerate the construction of the whole industrial chain of professional events. Innovating tournament culture, improving the quality of professional leagues, and building a "gold medal ball market" in Beijing. Support the deep combination of sports events and culture and entertainment, and promote the innovative development of sports competition performance industry. Encourage sports social organizations and market players to hold e-sports competitions.

　　6. Promote the new growth of sports consumption

　　Expand the development space of fine sports such as equestrian and fencing, build a sports industry system with fitness and leisure industry and competition performance industry as the leading factors, develop sports services such as sports intermediary consultation and sports product research and development, release the potential of sports consumption, and help build an international consumption center city. Encourage the development of water sports such as rowing, kayaking and sailing. Adjust and improve the consumption structure of sports lottery. Gather sports resources, develop night sports economy, and make "August 8 Beijing Sports Consumption Festival" a well-known domestic brand. Plan the development of Olympic heritage resources, support the holding of various sports exhibitions, improve the quality of products and services of sports enterprises, and expand the proportion of sports consumption structure of citizens in the capital. Adhere to the integration of sports and tourism, develop sports tourism projects, and jointly build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou sports and cultural tourism belt.

　　7. Promote new applications in high-tech sports.

　　Expand the application of new scenes to empower the development of sports industry with digitalization. Promote the integration of sports and media, promote the application of 5G, 8K, VR and other technologies in sports events, and build a digital sports industry. Promote the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and blockchain in the field of sports manufacturing, develop high-end intelligent sporting goods manufacturing, and build an intelligent sports industry cluster. Encourage the research and development of high-tech ice and snow sports equipment, and build an integrated industrial chain of ice and snow intelligent sports equipment. Encourage the construction of intelligent stadiums and launch a number of comprehensive projects with distinctive sports characteristics and perfect service functions. Innovate sports training formats and business models, and encourage the development of a number of intelligent fitness clubs and high-quality sports science and technology service brands.

　　(9) Deepen the coordinated development of health undertakings in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　1. Deepen the development of regional medical and health integration.

　　Fully support the planning and construction of xiong’an new area. Build Xiong ‘an xuanwu hospital into a model of new district hospitals. Further promote the implementation of five municipal medical and health institutions such as xuanwu hospital, Maternity Hospital, Chinese Medicine Hospital, Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Municipal Health Supervision Office. Promote the integrated development with the three northern counties in Langfang. Arrange China-Japan Friendship Hospital, anzhen hospital, Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chest Hospital, Tiantan Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to the First Children’s Hospital, Luhe Hospital, etc. to carry out support and cooperation with relevant medical institutions and pension institutions in North Three Counties, and jointly promote the improvement of health service capacity in North Three Counties. Promote cooperation in key medical and health projects in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Strengthen cooperation with the area around Beijing, continue to promote support and cooperation with counterpart institutions in Zhangjiakou, Tangshan, Chengde, Langfang and Baoding, and promote the improvement of local medical and health services. We will promote the mutual recognition of clinical test results and the sharing of medical image examination data in medical institutions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, explore and promote the direct settlement of medical expenses for medical clinics in different provinces in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and ease the pressure on medical services and urban operation management in the capital.

　　2. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei pension services

　　Integrate the policy resources of health and old-age care industries, open up preferential policies for the elderly and standards for old-age care services, and enhance the ability of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to cope with population aging. Promote the effective connection of social security and old-age welfare in different places in Beijing, and realize the real-time release, synchronous sharing and remote acquisition of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei old-age service information resources. We will promote mutual recognition of the implementation standards of old-age services, such as comprehensive assessment of the ability of the elderly and credit evaluation, and timely promote Yanda’s whole-process continuous care community model for the elderly.

　　3. Strengthen joint prevention and control of epidemic situation.

　　Further strengthen coordination and linkage in health monitoring, personnel management, epidemic prevention materials support, etc., and work together to deal with public health emergencies and jointly ensure the safety of the capital. Strengthen cooperation in the cooperation of public health laboratories, the technical reserve for detection of emerging infectious diseases and major health risk factors, and the training of public health emergency personnel to enhance the capacity and level of regional public health services.

　　4. Promote a higher level of physical fitness co-construction and sharing.

　　Establish a joint meeting mechanism of sports departments in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Focus on the integration and complementarity of sports facilities layout, sports organization construction, fitness and leisure and sports activities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and vigorously promote the coordinated development of sports in the three places. Focus on developing sports tourism projects such as RV camping, mountain cross-country, hiking, road cycling, rock climbing, etc. in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, promote the barrier-free connection of sports event performance markets and sports camps in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, especially the training of sports talents, and hold events such as ice and snow, "three big balls", table tennis and badminton in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, so as to build a sports, leisure and tourism industry cluster based on the region, serving the whole country and radiating the whole world.

　　(10) Improve the support and guarantee for the construction of a healthy Beijing.

　　1. Build a multi-level and high-quality talent team.

　　Accelerate the training and introduction of high-level and innovative medical talents. Introduce leading talents and academic leaders with outstanding academic status, especially high-level strategic scientists. We will further promote the cross-integration of medical engineering, medical science and medical literature, and strengthen the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents with the multi-disciplinary background of "medicine +X". Strengthen the cultivation of talents who are combined with public health and clinical medicine, integrated with general practice and specialty, integrated with western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, and integrated with medicine. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 150 compound high-level talents in public health were trained.

　　Strengthen the construction of all kinds of medical professionals in short supply. Vigorously strengthen the training of professionals in general medicine, public health, maternal and child health care, pediatrics, nursing, rehabilitation, elderly health, aged care services, mental health, infectious diseases, sports health and so on. Enrich grassroots health manpower, continue to do a good job in training free oriented medical students, increase the number of training, expand the scope of specialties, upgrade the training level, support suburban and grassroots medical and health units to accept graduates more widely, and optimize the introduction structure of graduates. Strengthen the strength of health supervision personnel. Studying the establishment of the "reserve" of the infectious disease prevention and control emergency team can quickly assemble and "organize the system" to go out.

　　Strengthen the construction of sports public service talents. Adhere to the demand-oriented development of the sports industry, aim at establishing a high-level sports talent team with reasonable structure, excellent quality and both ability and political integrity in the capital, and increase the training and introduction of sports compound coaches, outstanding sports science and technology talents, first-class competitive sports talents, sports industry professionals, scientific fitness instructors and sports rehabilitation professionals to better serve the national fitness needs and the construction of a strong sports city.

　　Create a talent environment that binds people to their hearts. Deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of talent development, improve the mechanism of talent discovery, training and incentive, and attract more outstanding talents. Broaden channels, create an institutional environment of fairness, equality and competition, and strengthen the training and introduction of talents. Establish a diversified talent evaluation system, make good use of incentive policies, scientifically allocate and optimize their use, fully stimulate the enthusiasm and vitality of talent team officers to start businesses, and create a good atmosphere for retaining people.

　　2. Strengthen the investment mechanism of healthy Beijing construction.

　　We will improve the financial investment mechanism at the municipal and district levels, implement investment policies in accordance with the powers and expenditure responsibilities, strengthen financial security, strengthen supervision over the use of funds, and improve the efficiency of the use of funds. Optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure and increase investment in public health, scientific research, personnel training, public service system for national fitness and the construction of modern training and preparation system for competitive sports. Improve the government-led multi-input mechanism, encourage social charitable donations, support social forces to participate in the construction of a healthy Beijing, and promote the sustainable development of a healthy Beijing.

　　3. Improve the medical security policy

　　We will improve the basic medical insurance system that covers the whole people, participates according to law, and provides classified protection for employees and urban and rural residents. Optimize the basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance security system. Improve and standardize the supplementary medical insurance system such as large medical expenses subsidies for employees. Actively mobilize the power of charitable medical assistance, support the orderly development of medical mutual assistance for employees, encourage and guide the development of commercial health insurance, and improve the medical treatment guarantee system for major epidemics. Promote the complementary connection of various medical insurance systems and improve the level of protection for serious and serious diseases and diversified medical needs. On the basis of steadily promoting the expansion of long-term care insurance, we will explore and improve the policy system, standard system, service system and management operation mechanism of long-term care insurance system, and push it out throughout the city.

　　4. Establish a high-level intelligent medical health information support system.

　　Under the overall framework of smart city construction, relying on the common infrastructure such as big data platform, city code and "one map of time and space" in government cloud and Beijing, Beijing Healthy Cloud will be built. By building a smart medical and health system project with the national health information platform as the core, we will improve the high-level smart medical and health information support system in Beijing. Support the upgrading of artificial intelligence-enabled medical equipment, and encourage digital medical products to try first in application scenarios and build in production. Establish and improve the city’s overall planning, industry executives, departmental coordination, and safety escort support system, adhere to the "number one" responsibility system, improve and improve the organizational guarantee system, and adopt a scene-specific working mechanism. Improve the standardization construction level of hospital information platform, and strengthen the collection and sharing of data such as disease reports and health services; Strictly implement the data security law, network security level protection system and key information infrastructure security protection system and other laws and regulations, and do a good job in network security escort in the industry.

　　(eleven) to promote the modernization of health governance system and governance capacity.

　　1. Strengthen organizational leadership

　　Adhere to the party’s overall leadership over the construction of a healthy Beijing, resolutely use the party’s theory to guide the construction of a healthy Beijing, and ensure that the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee are fully implemented in the construction of a healthy Beijing. Major decisions, major reforms and planning implementation in the construction of a healthy Beijing will be included in the annual key issues of the party Committee (party group). All districts and departments should incorporate the main planning objectives and indicators into the performance appraisal system, discuss and build a healthy Beijing, and safeguard and improve people’s health.

　　2. Integrate health into all policies

　　Comprehensive use of big data and other technical means to explore the establishment of Beijing urban health portrait. Promote the establishment of a health impact assessment system, learn from international experience, gradually establish indicators and procedures for health impact assessment, explore a health assessment system for major policies, major projects and major projects, focus on reviewing whether there are institutional deficiencies and design errors that endanger public health, and strive to minimize the factors that affect public health. Give full play to the positive role of deliberation and coordination bodies, coordinate the development strategy of healthy Beijing, coordinate and integrate resources, and jointly promote the construction of healthy Beijing.

　　3. Improve the governance pattern of multi-subject participation.

　　Establish and improve a health supervision and management system that combines institutional autonomy, industry self-discipline, government supervision and social supervision. Strengthen the role of public health committees and other grass-roots governance organizations, and deepen the implementation of planning into the basic units of society. Promote the construction of urban sports associations and give play to the role of "hub" sports social organizations of sports associations. Upgrade and build a standardized, orderly and dynamic national fitness organization network covering urban and rural areas. Strengthen the construction of grass-roots sports organizations, encourage sports associations to extend to towns (streets) and all kinds of sports social organizations to sink into administrative villages (communities). Strengthen the standardization of mass sports events and support sports social organizations to establish national fitness brand events. Increase the government’s efforts to purchase the services of sports social organizations, and guide sports social organizations to participate in the government’s purchase of public services for national fitness. Give play to the role of trade unions, Communist Youth League, women’s federations, disabled persons’ federations and other social organizations, and mobilize the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity of enterprises (institutions), schools and villages (communities). Give full play to the advantages of the capital’s rich intellectual resources, encourage industry societies and associations to give full play to their professional advantages, make suggestions for the construction of a healthy Beijing, gather wisdom and seek common development, advocate the concept that "everyone is the first responsible person for his own health", and guide the masses to actively implement the responsibility of health subjects and practice a healthy lifestyle. Give full play to the role of democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce and personages without party affiliation, and maximize the cohesion of the consensus of the whole society.

　　4. Improve the health legal system.

　　Promote scientific legislation in the field of health and further promote administration according to law. Further transform government functions, strengthen macro management, strengthen supervision and public services, and improve scientific, democratic and legal decision-making mechanisms. We will promote the formulation and promulgation of Beijing’s regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases and Beijing’s regulations on blood donation, revise Beijing’s regulations on pre-hospital medical emergency services and Beijing’s regulations on population and family planning, promote the legislation and revision of local laws and regulations such as basic medical and health promotion regulations, regulations on the supervision and management of drinking water hygiene, mental health regulations, and measures for implementing maternal and child health care laws, and establish and improve policies and regulations in the field of smart health care. Make scientific and democratic decisions according to law, standardize administrative decision-making procedures, improve major decision-making rules, and strictly implement the necessary procedures for major decisions such as public participation, expert argumentation, risk assessment, legality review and collective discussion and decision. Carry out in-depth education on law popularization. Accelerate the construction of health standards system, take national standards and industry standards as the basis, take local standards as the characteristics, adopt advanced and applicable group standards appropriately, and support and lead the high-quality development of health in the capital. Strengthen the construction of general basic standards and guarantee standards for Chinese medicine services and medical services. Improve the management framework, management system and operation mechanism of local health standards in Beijing. Increase the promotion and use of local standards and promote standardized and standardized management in all fields of health. Carry out the activities of popularizing the sports law, improve the administrative ability of sports departments according to law, strengthen the administrative law enforcement in sports field, improve the level of competition and anti-doping work, and build a "clean gold medal"Anti-doping control system, resolutely achieve "zero tolerance" and "zero emergence" of doping problems. We will deepen the reform of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services in the fields of health and sports, fully implement the reform tasks, further optimize the business environment, promote online processing of electronic licenses and administrative matters, and continue to reduce burdens at the grassroots level.

　　5. Promote broad public participation

　　Practice the mass line, conduct in-depth investigation and study, and unblock the channels for expressing people’s demands and opinions and suggestions, so that all citizens have the opportunity to participate in the formulation of health-related policies. Consciously accept the supervision of the Municipal People’s Congress and its Standing Committee on the construction of a healthy Beijing, further promote "handling complaints immediately", strengthen active governance and "handling complaints first", properly handle hot issues of social concern in a timely manner, improve the interview mechanism of "handling complaints immediately", and improve the solution rate and satisfaction rate of "handling complaints immediately". Establish and improve the social supervisor system in the field of health, and explore the establishment of the public participation Committee system in public hospitals.

VI. Implementing safeguards

　　(A) fully reflect the health priority in the development concept.

　　Give priority to protecting and improving people’s health, highlight health goals in economic and social development planning, highlight the weight of health-related indicators in the evaluation of development performance, and give necessary support in financial investment and fixed assets investment. Adhere to the combination of increasing investment and changing the operating mechanism, and fully consider the characteristics of the medical and health industry in the formulation and implementation of key policies such as incentive mechanism reform. Make overall arrangements for the financial capital requirements for deepening the tasks of medical reform to ensure accurate and efficient financial input. For public health and safety, basic health services, women and children, rehabilitation, health information and other fields, priority should be given to financial security and policy support.

　　(2) Improve the overall coordination mechanism for planning and implementation.

　　Establish and improve the planning and implementation coordination mechanism with the participation of all districts and departments, strengthen communication with relevant state departments, make overall consideration of military and land needs, and jointly promote the planning and implementation. All departments and districts should formulate specific plans and action plans for the implementation of planning in their own departments and regions, refine the development goals, main indicators and key tasks put forward in the planning, and organize the implementation in stages and steps to ensure that the responsibilities are put in place.

　　(3) Strengthen publicity and advocacy

　　Broaden publicity channels, vigorously publicize the great significance of promoting the construction of a healthy Beijing, improve the awareness rate of planning content and social participation, further unify thoughts and build consensus, give full play to the enthusiasm and initiative of all sectors of society to build a healthy Beijing, and jointly build a healthy city, forming a good social environment and public opinion atmosphere for planning implementation.

　　(D) Strengthen monitoring and evaluation

　　Systematically carry out dynamic monitoring, mid-term evaluation and summary evaluation of planning implementation, timely release monitoring results of core indicators and evaluation information of planning implementation effect, improve information transparency, strengthen public and media supervision, and increase residents’ participation in planning implementation evaluation. Third-party independent evaluation should be carried out to improve the objectivity and scientificity of planning implementation evaluation. According to the evaluation results, carry out dynamic maintenance of planning, study and solve the difficulties in planning implementation in time, and ensure the realization of planning objectives.

Cctv newsOn July 5th, Huang Guo, deputy director of National Medical Products Administration, pointed out at a series of news conferences on the theme of "Opening by Authorities" held by the State Council Press Office that in recent years, National Medical Products Administration has taken the opportunity of deepening the reform of evaluation and approval system to speed up the listing of drugs for rare diseases and make more drugs available to patients with rare diseases. Since 2018, National Medical Products Administration has set up a special channel to queue up independently, encourage declaration and speed up examination and approval for overseas new drugs, including drugs for rare diseases, which are urgently needed in China. According to the above policy, 23 imported new drugs for rare diseases have been approved for listing through special channels. In 2020, we further clarified the priority review procedure, and included new drugs for the prevention and treatment of rare diseases with obvious clinical value into the priority review and approval procedure. At present, among all drug listing applications, the time limit for the review and approval of new drugs with rare diseases is the shortest.

In view of the fact that the incidence rate of rare diseases is extremely low and the difficulty of drug research far exceeds that of common frequently-occurring diseases, National Medical Products Administration has given preferential policies to innovative drugs for treating rare diseases. Drug evaluation institutions have implemented early intervention, research and trial linkage and full-service for new drugs for rare diseases, set up evaluation teams to follow up the research and innovation of rare drugs, allowed enterprises to submit research materials in a rolling way, and established a seamless connection mechanism in key links such as communication, verification and inspection, and comprehensive evaluation. These practices can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of research and development of new drugs for rare diseases.

Through comprehensive measures, in recent years, the number and speed of drugs for rare diseases in China have achieved a "double improvement". Since 2018, China has approved a total of 68 imported and domestically produced drugs for rare diseases. In the next step, National Medical Products Administration will continue to pay close attention to the needs of patients with rare diseases, speed up the review and approval of drugs with rare diseases on the basis of ensuring the safety, effectiveness and controllable quality of drugs on the market, and do its utmost to delay the development of patients with rare diseases and improve their quality of life.